194 lines
20 KiB
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194 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-16-00050.1" ID-ISSN="1938-5099" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7712337" checkinTime="1678363022490" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Santos, Danusy Lopes, de Morais, Alessandro Ribeiro, Signorelli, Luciana, Bastos, Rogério Pereira, Feio, Renato & Nomura, Fausto" docDate="2018" docId="A42A87E68B57FFEEFECD72E54DE9FAAA" docLanguage="en" docName="Herpetologica.74.1.50-57.pdf" docOrigin="Herpetologica 74 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-16-00050.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7157CB4A8C4DC19627D49B44D928F812.1:Herpetologica.2015-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="7157CB4A8C4DC19627D49B44D928F812" docStyleName="Herpetologica.2015-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Phyllomedusa azurea" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="5813FF9E8B54FFEBFF8272074C1DFFB1" masterDocTitle="Description of the Tadpole of Phŋllomedusa azurea from the Brazilian Cerrado, with a Description of the Internal Oral Morphology of Phŋllomedusa oreades" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="50" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1678458129000" updateUser="juliana">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of the Tadpole of Phŋllomedusa azurea from the Brazilian Cerrado, with a Description of the Internal Oral Morphology of Phŋllomedusa oreades</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Santos, Danusy Lopes</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>de Morais, Alessandro Ribeiro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Signorelli, Luciana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bastos, Rogério Pereira</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Feio, Renato</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nomura, Fausto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Herpetologica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-03-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>74</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>50</mods:start>
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<mods:end>57</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-16-00050.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-16-00050.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1938-5099</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7712337</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A42A87E68B57FFEEFECD72E54DE9FAAA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A42A87E68B57FFEEFECD72E54DE9FAAA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[335,571,226,250]" box="[335,571,226,250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<heading box="[335,571,226,250]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4H7QL" authority="Cope, 1862" box="[335,571,226,250]" class="Amphibia" family="Phyllomedusidae" genus="Phyllomedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azurea">
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<emphasis box="[335,571,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Phyllomedusa azurea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[118,789,266,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,544,266,290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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External morphology (
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<tableCitation box="[430,527,266,290]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="3.[902,915,828,848]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1.—Measurements (mm) of the tadpole of Phŋllomedusa azurea between Gosner Stages 34 and 40. Sample size is indicated" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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—The body shape is elliptical (
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<figureCitation box="[226,292,295,320]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[166,180,1006,1025]" captionTargetBox="[143,1514,191,980]" captionTargetId="figure-122@4.[143,1514,191,980]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2.—Larva of Phŋllomedusa azurea, Stage 35, from Barro Alto (ZUFG 819), state of Goiás, Brazil: (A) lateral and (B) dorsal views (scale ¼ 10 mm); (C) oral disc of specimen from Cocalzinho (ZUFG 2351; scale ¼ 2 mm). A color version of this figure is available online." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7712341/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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), elongated in dorsal view and compressed in lateral view (BW/BH ¼ 0.98). Snout truncated in lateral and rounded in dorsal view. Eyes moderately sized (ED/BH ¼ 0.29), laterally positioned and directed. Nostrils small (ND/ BH ¼ 0.05), ovoid, anterolaterally positioned, and located near the snout tip. Spiracle ventral, directed posteriorly, with opening at the middle third of the body. The centripetal wall of the spiracle is totally fused to the body wall, and the external wall has a free distal margin that overlays the spiracle opening. Vent tube short, fused to the ventral fin and opening dextrally. Dorsal fin low, parallel to the caudal musculature, originating in the body–tail junction. Ventral fin wide, arch shaped, and higher than the dorsal fin. The tail tip is acute. Lateral line evident. The oral disc is anteroventral, with a uniseriate row of marginal papillae. The marginal papillae are longer than wide and with alternate disposition. A few rounded submarginal papillae are scattered throughout lateral portions of the oral disc, and these papillae are smaller than marginal papillae. Tooth row formula 2(2)/3(1), A1 slightly smaller than A2, P1 ¼ P2, and P3 smaller than P1 and P2. The upper jaw sheath is wider than the lower jaw sheath. The upper jaw sheath is M shaped and the lower jaw sheath V shaped. The caudal musculature is robust and gradually tapered.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="52" startId="3.[902,915,828,848]" targetBox="[876,2684,954,1353]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[876,2685,828,920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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TABLE 1.—Measurements (mm) of the tadpole of
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<taxonomicName box="[1335,1520,828,849]" genus="Phnllomedusa" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="azurea">
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<emphasis box="[1335,1520,828,849]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Phyllomedusa azurea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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between Gosner Stages 34 and 40. Sample size is indicated by numbers in parentheses following Gosner stage. Data are presented as range (mean ± 1 SD). TOL ¼ total length; BL ¼ body length; TL ¼ tail length; MBH ¼ maximum body height; MBW ¼ maximum body width; ED ¼ eye diameter; ND ¼ nare diameter IOD ¼ interorbital distance; IND ¼ internarial distance; NED ¼ nare–eye distance; END ¼ eye–snout distance; MDFH ¼ maximum dorsal fin height; MVFH ¼ maximum ventral fin height; MTMH ¼ maximum tail muscle height.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<table box="[876,2684,954,1353]" gridcols="8" gridrows="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<tr box="[876,2684,954,969]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<th box="[876,2684,954,969]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Gosner stage</th>
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</tr>
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<tr box="[876,2684,987,1002]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<th box="[876,968,987,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Measurement</th>
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<td box="[1022,1070,987,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">34 (1)</td>
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<td box="[1124,1368,987,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">35 (6)</td>
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<td box="[1423,1667,987,1002]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">36 (5)</td>
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<td box="[1721,1965,987,1002]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">37 (7)</td>
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<td box="[2019,2263,987,1002]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">38 (2)</td>
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<td box="[2317,2365,987,1002]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">39 (1)</td>
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<td box="[2419,2684,987,1002]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">40 (3)</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[118,789,266,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,494,1004,1028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Internal oral morphology.</emphasis>
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—Buccal floor diamond shaped (
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<figureCitation box="[219,312,1033,1057]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[166,180,1981,2000]" captionTargetBox="[143,1513,1359,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-176@4.[143,1513,1359,1955]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 3.—Internal oral features of the Phŋllomedusa azurea larva, Stage 37 (ZUFG 838): (A) buccal floor, (B) buccal roof." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7712343/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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), longer than wide; oral aperture about 20% of buccal floor width; two large and strong conical infralabial papillae. Two large lingual papillae, longer than wide and with smooth apices. Buccal floor arena round with three to five conical papillae on each side, with smooth apices; numerous pustulations randomly distributed within buccal floor arena; anterior to the buccal pocket region, there are no papillae and few pustulations (zero to three); buccal pocket perforated, wider than long, transversely oriented on the middle region of the buccal floor; free velar surface, with distinct glandular zone, with pustulations at the bottom of the velum and pustulations on the region anterior to the glottis, which is notched, distinct, open, and fully exposed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[118,789,266,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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Buccal roof rounded (
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<figureCitation box="[402,490,1446,1470]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[166,180,1981,2000]" captionTargetBox="[143,1513,1359,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-176@4.[143,1513,1359,1955]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 3.—Internal oral features of the Phŋllomedusa azurea larva, Stage 37 (ZUFG 838): (A) buccal floor, (B) buccal roof." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7712343/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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), with the prenarial arena possessing two broad pustulations anteriorly, parallel to the buccal opening, and three small ones posteriorly, forming a row. Nares elliptical, oriented parallel to the buccal opening and positioned on the anterior third of the buccal roof; internarial distance smaller than nare opening; narial valve distinct with anterior and posterior wall pustulate and flaplike; postnarial arena rectangular with four fringed papillae with the anteromedial pair triangular and larger than the posterolateral pair; the posterolateral papillae are broader than the anteromedial pair; no pustulations visible in the postnarial arena; median ridge triangular, wider than long. Buccal roof arena round in shape with one to five small papillae on each side; pustulations extensively distributed throughout the buccal roof arena; glandular zone conspicuous; dorsal velum uniform in width, with pustulated margins, except at the midline, which has smooth margins.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[118,789,266,2001]" lastBlockId="4.[844,1514,1093,1313]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,613,1947,1972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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Morphological variation (
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<figureCitation box="[473,600,1947,1971]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[142,156,781,800]" captionTargetBox="[118,1491,191,755]" captionTargetId="figure-367@5.[118,1491,191,755]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 4.—Tadpoles of Phŋllomedusa azurea showing variation in snout shape in lateral views (A, B), spiracle (C, D), and details for the position of the spiracle in P. oreades (E). Scale in all images ¼ 10 mm. A color version of this figure is available online." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7712347/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4A,B</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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—Most of the variation that we observed in
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<taxonomicName box="[450,553,1978,2001]" genus="Phnllomedusa" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" rank="species" species="azurea">
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<emphasis box="[450,553,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">P. azurea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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tadpoles was related to the oral disc and spiracle, and this variation was observed in all studied populations. Eleven out of 25 tadpoles presented a narrow ventral gap, while two presented lateroventral emargination on the oral disc. Also, one tadpole had the marginal papillae biseriate laterally, and three tadpoles presented a wider upper jaw compared to the remaining individuals. The external wall of the spiracle did not have a free distal margin overlapping the spiracle opening in 10 tadpoles (
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<figureCitation box="[1109,1224,1126,1150]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[142,156,781,800]" captionTargetBox="[118,1491,191,755]" captionTargetId="figure-367@5.[118,1491,191,755]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 4.—Tadpoles of Phŋllomedusa azurea showing variation in snout shape in lateral views (A, B), spiracle (C, D), and details for the position of the spiracle in P. oreades (E). Scale in all images ¼ 10 mm. A color version of this figure is available online." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7712347/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Fig. 4C,D</figureCitation>
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). Four tadpoles presented rounded snouts.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7712341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7712341/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" startId="4.[166,180,1006,1025]" targetBox="[143,1514,191,980]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[142,1514,1005,1050]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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FIG. 2.—Larva of
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<emphasis box="[322,444,1005,1024]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Phyllomedusa</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority=", Stage" authorityName="Stage" box="[449,565,1005,1025]" genus="Phnllomedusa" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="azurea">
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<emphasis box="[449,508,1006,1024]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">azurea</emphasis>
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, Stage
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</taxonomicName>
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35, from Barro Alto (ZUFG 819), state of Goiás, Brazil: (A) lateral and (B) dorsal views (scale ¼ 10 mm); (C) oral disc of specimen from Cocalzinho (ZUFG 2351; scale ¼ 2 mm). A color version of this figure is available online.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[844,1514,1093,1313]" lastBlockId="5.[118,788,868,1307]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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We observed variation in the density of pustulations scattered throughout the buccal floor arena, with at least one individual having many pustulations in front of the buccal pockets, but few in the buccal floor arena. In one individual from Jataí, the papillae of the buccal floor arena were fused, forming large ones (
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<figureCitation box="[372,469,898,922]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[142,156,1957,1976]" captionTargetBox="[118,1489,1533,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-417@5.[118,1489,1533,1931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 5.—Morphological variation in the buccal roof of larval Phŋllomedusa azurea specimens from the state of Goiás, Brazil: (A) Jataí, (B) Mineiros, and" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7712349/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
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). Another individual from Mineiros had 29 papillae scattered throughout the buccal floor and less than 40 pustulations, grouped mainly in front of the buccal pockets, and a large infralabial papillae (
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<figureCitation captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[142,156,1957,1976]" captionTargetBox="[118,1489,1533,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-417@5.[118,1489,1533,1931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 5.—Morphological variation in the buccal roof of larval Phŋllomedusa azurea specimens from the state of Goiás, Brazil: (A) Jataí, (B) Mineiros, and" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7712349/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
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). In one individual from Barro Alto, the lingual papillae were fused together. The buccal roof was more consistent as we noted variation in only the number of papillae in the buccal roof arena, with at least two individuals from Mineiros not presenting papillae in the buccal roof arena (
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<figureCitation box="[670,759,1135,1159]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[142,156,1957,1976]" captionTargetBox="[118,1489,1533,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-417@5.[118,1489,1533,1931]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 5.—Morphological variation in the buccal roof of larval Phŋllomedusa azurea specimens from the state of Goiás, Brazil: (A) Jataí, (B) Mineiros, and" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7712349/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7712343" box="[166,1252,1980,2000]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7712343/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" startId="4.[166,180,1981,2000]" targetBox="[143,1513,1359,1955]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[166,1252,1980,2000]" box="[166,1252,1980,2000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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FIG. 3.—Internal oral features of the
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<taxonomicName box="[502,690,1980,1999]" genus="Phnllomedusa" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="azurea">
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<emphasis box="[502,690,1980,1999]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Phyllomedusa azurea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larva, Stage 37 (ZUFG 838): (A) buccal floor, (B) buccal roof.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712347" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7712347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7712347/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" startId="5.[142,156,781,800]" targetBox="[118,1491,191,755]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[118,1489,781,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
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FIG. 4.—Tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName box="[335,523,781,800]" genus="Phnllomedusa" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="azurea">
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<emphasis box="[335,523,781,800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Phyllomedusa azurea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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showing variation in snout shape in lateral views (A, B), spiracle (C, D), and details for the position of the spiracle in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brandao" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[217,308,805,824]" genus="Phnllomedusa" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="oreades">
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<emphasis box="[217,308,805,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">P. oreades</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(E). Scale in all images ¼ 10 mm. A color version of this figure is available online.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[118,788,868,1307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,477,1164,1188]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Color of fixed specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
—Body silver-whitish with brown spots scattered on dorsal and lateral surfaces, and on tail musculature; some individuals showed few or no spots in these body regions. Venter creamy and dorsal and ventral fins transparent with brown spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |