560 lines
72 KiB
XML
560 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="B7815B4F470FBCDD8F3B9A0EF1854EF4" ID-CLB-Dataset="7393" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8adfa0f6-06a7-44b5-a3be-351d0bdc7a62" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681813" ID-ZooBank="380D2F75-D4F9-4974-97E2-25E0C62CB3B0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615997073071" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2021" docId="038087CBFFA90746FF7591E7FBB7A077" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4944.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4944 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Philodoria hibiscella" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="FFB9FFB3FFEE070FFFE29409FF89A136" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1698933850732" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6641D25250E32E136EC2857EBB9E67A3">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C52DF0A66D0327A5F4535E0DBF1E2293">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F171E6960137C57BA93975D8406F5F2">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D412B31B2256FD935293622594D33984">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="84E69E0A603C3A3669B79693F6EF8BBD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E77B17F43932F9182BE25CF732A6E6BF">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038087CBFFA90746FF7591E7FBB7A077" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4683560" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181002413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4683560" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFA90746FF7591E7FBB7A077" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087CBFFA90746FF7591E7FBB7A077" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="D0DE81B1FFA90748FF7591E7FDD8A73E" bold="true" box="[151,593,1518,1545]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA90748FF7591E7FDD8A73E" ID-CoL="76XQY" authority="(Swezey, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,593,1518,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibiscella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA90748FF7591E7FDD8A73E" bold="true" box="[151,593,1518,1545]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA90748FF7591E7FE1AA73F" bold="true" box="[151,403,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Philodoria hibiscella</emphasis>
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(Swezey, 1913)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA90748FF75921BFC08A71B" blockId="71.[151,897,1518,1581]" box="[151,897,1554,1581]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA90748FF75921BFEA0A71B" box="[151,297,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1152,1176]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,186,1124]" captionTargetId="figure-20@31.[165,1423,181,1128]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 16. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. hibiscella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), B Paralectotype female (lower specimen on mount), C P. naenaeiella (Swezey, 1940) lectotype male, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), D Paralectotype female (below holotype specimen on mount). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681845/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs. 16A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA90748FED6921BFE0CA71A" box="[308,389,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,186,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-23@50.[201,1387,181,1677]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 27. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. A P. dubauticola, male (CJ402/SK812), B P. dubautiella, male CJ524a/SK686), C P. hibiscella, female (CJ399/SK723), D Same species, male (CJ089/SK724), lateral view, E Same species, dorsal view, F Philodoria sp., male, host: Dubautia plantaginea, Maui (CJ352c/SK770), G Philodoria sp., female (CJ500), host: Dubautia plantaginea, Oahu, H P. naenaeiella (CJ188), abdomen missing, I P. neraudicola, female (CJ336/SK838), host: Pipturus albidus, J Same species, female (CJ369), host: Pipturus sp., K P. obamaorum, female (CJ423/SK844), L Same species, left forewing, M Same species, female (CJ403a/SK735), N P. touchardiella, female (CJ401a/SK764), O Same species, male (CJ401b/SK765), P P. marginestrigata, male (CJ165/SK760), host: Lipochaeta rockii, Q Same species, male (CJ187/SK771), host: Abutilon menziesii, R Same species, male (CJ379c), host: Sida fallax. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681869/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">27C–E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA90748FE72921BFE4AA71A" box="[400,451,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">47G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA90748FE2C921BFD88A71A" box="[462,513,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">48G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA90748FDEF921BFDB6A71A" box="[525,575,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">49G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA90748FDA9921BFDF7A71B" box="[587,638,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="109.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,193,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-20@109.[152,1435,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 58. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. wilkesiella, SK761, B P. epibathra, SK679, C P. dubauticola, SK645, D Same species, PHIL0008, E P. dubautiella, SK692, F P. alakaiensis, paratype, SK659, G Same species, lateral view, H P. hibiscella, SK723, I P. naenaeiella, SK703, J Same species, SK834, K P. knudseniiella, paratype, SK863, L P. hesperomanniella, paratype, SK832, M Same species, SK620." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681935/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">58H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA90748FD6B921AFD54A71B" box="[649,733,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="139.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,185,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-20@139.[151,1436,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="139" captionText="FIGURE 77. Resting posture of adult Philodoria. A P. hauicola, Oahu, CJ270, host: Hibiscus tilaceus, B–D P. hibiscella, Oahu, CJ238, host: Hibisucs arnottianus, E P. marginestrigata, Molokai, CJ150, host: Lipochaeta rockii, F Same species, Molokai. CJ168/169, host: Sida fallax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681975/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">77B–D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA90748FD0A921BFCF4A71B" box="[744,893,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,189,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-20@155.[151,1435,181,1411]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 93. Mines of Philodoria species with thier Malvaceae host plants, Oahu. A, B, D, E: P. hibiscella, host: Hibiscus arnottianus, C P. marginestrigata, host: Sida fallax, F P. hauicola, host: Hibiscus tilaceus, D Mine of late instar larva, E Cocoon on the adaxial side of leaf, F Old mine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682017/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">93A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFA90748FF75925EFBF7A7FC" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA90748FF75925EFEFBA7BB" blockId="71.[151,1436,1623,1739]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFA90748FF75925EFEFBA7BB" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA90748FF75925EFDEBA759" ID-CoL="76XQY" authority="(Swezey, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,610,1623,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibiscella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA90748FF75925EFEEEA759" box="[151,359,1623,1647]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Graclaria hibiscella</emphasis>
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Swezey, 1913: 279–280
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</taxonomicName>
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(first mentioned as “
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA90748FCDE925EFBC8A759" authority="Sw." authorityName="Sw." box="[828,1089,1623,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibiscella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA90748FCDE925EFB9AA759" box="[828,1043,1623,1647]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Gracilaria hibiscella</emphasis>
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Sw.
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</taxonomicName>
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” in
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFA90748FB8F925EFACEA759" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[1133,1351,1623,1647]" page="224" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA90748FB8F925EFACEA759" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[1133,1351,1623,1647]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="221 - 227" refId="ref102406" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 b) Leaf-miners of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 221 - 227." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey (1913b: 224)</bibRefCitation>
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without any description).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA90748FF75929CFD42A79A" blockId="71.[151,1436,1623,1739]" box="[151,715,1684,1708]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFA90748FF75929CFD42A79A" box="[151,715,1684,1708]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA90748FF75929CFE76A79A" authority="Swezey, 1913" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,511,1684,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibiscella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA90748FF75929CFEE0A79A" box="[151,361,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Parectopa hibiscella</emphasis>
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Swezey, 1913
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFA90748FDEB929DFD4EA79A" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[521,711,1684,1708]" page="191" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA90748FDEB929DFD4EA79A" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[521,711,1684,1708]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref102595" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1928) Some new species of lepidopterous leaf-miners in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7 (1), 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="1928">Swezey 1928: 191</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA90748FF7592BAFBF7A7FC" blockId="71.[151,1436,1623,1739]" box="[151,1150,1714,1739]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFA90748FF7592BAFBF7A7FC" box="[151,1150,1714,1739]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA90748FF7592BAFD9CA7FD" ID-CoL="76XQY" authority="(Swezey, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,533,1715,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibiscella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA90748FF7592BAFEE7A7FD" box="[151,366,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Philodoria hibiscella</emphasis>
|
||
(Swezey, 1913)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFA90748FDFD92BAFCC0A7FD" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[543,841,1715,1739]" page="680" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA90748FDFD92BAFCC0A7FD" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[543,841,1715,1739]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 680–681</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 437, 440, 442, 448, 455.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFA90747FF7592F0FADCA09B" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA90748FF7592F0FDAEA622" blockId="71.[151,1437,1785,2028]" box="[151,551,1785,1812]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFA90748FF7592F0FDAAA622" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273353" box="[151,547,1785,1812]" location="Mt. Tantalus" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA90748FF7592F0FEBFA625" bold="true" box="[151,310,1785,1811]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFA90748FF7592F0FF5BA625" box="[151,210,1785,1811]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFA90748FEDE92F0FE41A625" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFA90746FF7591E7FBB7A077:8EF66006FFA90748FEDE92F0FE41A625" box="[316,456,1785,1811]" name="Mt. Tantalus" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mt. Tantalus</location>
|
||
(Oahu)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA90748FF259314FD2DA649" blockId="71.[151,1437,1785,2028]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA90748FF259314FEFDA601" bold="true" box="[199,372,1821,1847]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFA90748FE9B9314FBA3A66D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273367" collectingDate="1911-10" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Coll. O. H. S. & Type" location="Mt. Tantalus" municipality="Oahu" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFA90748FE9B9314FE60A601" box="[377,489,1821,1847]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFA90748FE0D9314FD8DA601" box="[495,516,1821,1847]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFA90748FDF39314FD16A601" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFA90746FF7591E7FBB7A077:8EF66006FFA90748FDF39314FD16A601" box="[529,671,1821,1847]" municipality="Oahu" name="Mt. Tantalus" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mt. Tantalus</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFA90748FD4B9314FD61A601" box="[681,744,1821,1847]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Oahu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFA90748FD109314FCC8A601" box="[754,833,1821,1847]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1911-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFA90748FD109314FCC8A601" box="[754,833,1821,1847]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1911-10">x.1911</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFA90748FCA99314FC5EA601" box="[843,983,1821,1847]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Coll. O.H.S.</collectorName>
|
||
, “from mines in leaes (=leaves) of native
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA90748FF759348FF70A66D" box="[151,249,1857,1883]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA90748FF759348FF70A66D" box="[151,249,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFA90748FEF69348FEC5A66D" box="[276,332,1857,1883]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Type</collectorName>
|
||
no. 211, bottom one of two cotypes on the type mount in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFA90748FC3B9348FBA3A66D" box="[985,1066,1857,1883]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFA90748FBD79348FD29A649" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273370" collectionCode="BPBM" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFA90748FBD79348FB44A66D" box="[1077,1229,1857,1883]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♂, top one of two cotypes on same mount of
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFA90748FE26936CFDA2A649" box="[452,555,1893,1919]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFA90748FDAD936CFD29A649" box="[591,672,1893,1919]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA90748FF259380FD08A6DD" blockId="71.[151,1437,1785,2028]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Described from three specimens collected from type locality from mines in leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA90748FB719380FB7CA695" box="[1171,1269,1929,1955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA90748FB719380FB7CA695" box="[1171,1269,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We found the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFA90748FF7593A4FF77A6F1" box="[151,254,1965,1991]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and a
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFA90748FEA493A4FE54A6F1" box="[326,477,1965,1991]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
on same type mount designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA90748FC8993A4FBDAA6F1" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[875,1107,1965,1991]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but could not find the second
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFA90748FF7593D8FEA7A6DD" box="[151,302,2001,2027]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(sex unknown) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA90748FE0E93D8FDFAA6DD" box="[492,627,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1152,1176]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,186,1124]" captionTargetId="figure-20@31.[165,1423,181,1128]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 16. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. hibiscella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), B Paralectotype female (lower specimen on mount), C P. naenaeiella (Swezey, 1940) lectotype male, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), D Paralectotype female (below holotype specimen on mount). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681845/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 16A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA60747FF25949FFADCA09B" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF25949FFE34A186" bold="true" box="[199,445,150,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
13 (5♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFA60747FDC8949FFDC5A186" box="[554,588,150,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
5 sex unknown):
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FCC3949FFCEDA186" bold="true" box="[801,868,150,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oahu</emphasis>
|
||
: 1♂, 2 (sex unknown), Honolulu,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFA60747FB15949FFAEBA186" box="[1271,1378,150,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1914-03-01">1.iii.1914</date>
|
||
em., Coll. O.H.S., ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FEB594B3FE30A1E2" box="[343,441,186,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FEB594B3FE30A1E2" box="[343,441,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFA60747FE2B94B3FDB2A1E2" box="[457,571,186,212]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1914-02-24">24.ii.1914</date>
|
||
(Cocoon), SK684♂
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFA60747FCCB94B3FCF1A1E2" box="[809,888,186,212]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34179,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFA60747FC2F94B3FB95A1E2" box="[973,1052,186,212]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34180,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFA60747FB9294B3FB49A1E2" box="[1136,1216,186,212]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34183;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFA60747FAF794B3FAB1A1E2" box="[1301,1336,186,212]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Manoa,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFA60747FF7594D7FE81A1CE" box="[151,264,222,248]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1932-05-26">26.v.1932</date>
|
||
, O.H. Swezey Collector, ex leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FD6894D7FCC3A1CE" authority=", BPBM" authorityName="BPBM" box="[650,842,222,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FD6894D7FD65A1CE" box="[650,748,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
, BPBM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
34181; 1♂, Waiahole,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFA60747FBDC94D7FB41A1CE" box="[1086,1224,222,248]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1933-08-13">13.viii.1933</date>
|
||
, O.H. Swezey Collector,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FF07950BFECEA02A" box="[229,327,258,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF07950BFECEA02A" box="[229,327,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, genitalia slide no. Z-1-26-61(2),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFA60747FD2A950BFC91A02A" box="[712,792,258,284]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34176; 3♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFA60747FC7F950BFC4BA02A" box="[925,962,258,284]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 3 (sex unknown), Tantalus, Coll. O.H.S., ex native
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FEE0952FFE4BA076" authority=", BPBM" authorityName="BPBM" box="[258,450,294,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FEE0952FFEEDA076" box="[258,356,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
, BPBM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
34177, SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFA60747FDDA952FFDFAA077" box="[568,627,294,321]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="female">685♀</specimenCount>
|
||
|
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFA60747FD96952FFD40A077" box="[628,713,294,321]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34178,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFA60747FCC0952FFCB9A076" box="[802,816,294,320]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
|
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFA60747FCD0952FFC0EA076" box="[818,903,294,320]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34182, J.F.G.C. #3753♂, 3754
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFA60747FB04952FFB7DA077" box="[1254,1268,294,321]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
and 1♂, 2 (sex unknown) in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFA60747FED29543FE0CA052" box="[304,389,330,356]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FE739543FE7CA052" bold="true" box="[401,501,330,356]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Molokai</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFA60747FDE79543FDA1A052" box="[517,552,330,356]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Waiehu Cliffs,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFA60747FD069543FCD7A053" box="[740,862,330,357]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2015-03-14">14.iii.2015</date>
|
||
(stored), K. Bustamente leg., host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FB159542FEFBA0BE" authorityName="D. M. Bates" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="M. J. Roe" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="arnottianus" subSpecies="immaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FB159542FA15A052" box="[1271,1436,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">H. arnottianus</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF019567FEFBA0BE" box="[227,370,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">immaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFA60747FE9D9567FE62A0BE" box="[383,491,366,392]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2012-01-14">14.i.2012</date>
|
||
, 20141201KMB01, CJ399, SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFA60747FCAB9567FC0DA0BE" box="[841,900,366,392]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="female">723♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFA60747FC479566FC7FA0BF" box="[933,1014,367,393]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FC1D9567FBB6A0BE" bold="true" box="[1023,1087,366,392]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Maui</emphasis>
|
||
: 1♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFA60747FB9E9567FB16A0BE" box="[1148,1183,366,392]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Iao Valley,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFA60747FAC49567FA15A0BE" box="[1318,1436,366,392]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2013-04-29">29.iv.2013</date>
|
||
(stored), C.A. Johns leg., host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FE16959BFD35A09A" box="[500,700,402,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FE16959BFD35A09A" box="[500,700,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hibiscus tiliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFA60747FD2B959BFCCBA09A" box="[713,834,402,428]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2013-04-14">14.iv.2013</date>
|
||
, CJ088 / SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFA60747FC31959BFB99A09B" box="[979,1040,402,429]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="female">725♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, CJ089 / SK724♂ in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFA60747FB1D959AFAD9A09B" box="[1279,1360,403,429]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFA60747FF2595BFFF61A3B2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA60747FF2595BFFF61A3B2" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF2595BFFECBA0E6" bold="true" box="[199,322,438,464]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Ocherous forewing with four outwardly oblique white streaks: slender
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FBB495BFFB01A0E0" bold="true" box="[1110,1160,438,470]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA60747FB9295C1FB01A0E0" attach="left" box="[1136,1160,456,470]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">1–3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and one slender
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FAA395BFFAE8A0E0" bold="true" box="[1345,1377,438,470]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
cs
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA60747FABB95C1FAE8A0E0" attach="left" box="[1369,1377,456,470]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FA8D95BFFF62A0C3" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1152,1176]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,186,1124]" captionTargetId="figure-20@31.[165,1423,181,1128]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 16. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. hibiscella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), B Paralectotype female (lower specimen on mount), C P. naenaeiella (Swezey, 1940) lectotype male, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), D Paralectotype female (below holotype specimen on mount). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681845/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 16A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FEBB95D3FE5BA0C2" box="[345,466,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FEBB95D3FE5BA0C2" box="[345,466,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species having similar
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FD3995D3FC84A0CC" bold="true" box="[731,781,474,506]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA60747FD1795E5FC84A0CC" attach="left" box="[757,781,492,506]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">1–3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FCA695D3FCEDA0CC" bold="true" box="[836,868,474,506]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
cs
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA60747FCBE95E5FCEDA0CC" attach="right" box="[860,868,492,506]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FC7995D2FB24A0C2" authority="(Swezey)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[923,1197,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naenaeiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FC7995D2FBB3A0C2" box="[923,1082,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. naenaeiella</emphasis>
|
||
(Swezey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FB5B95D2FA14A0C2" box="[1209,1437,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperomanniella" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FB5B95D2FA14A0C2" box="[1209,1437,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. hesperomanniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF7595F7FF51A32E" bold="true" box="[151,216,510,536]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFA60747FF7595F7FF51A32E" box="[151,216,510,536]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FF0595F6FE76A32E" authority="(Swezey)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[231,511,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neraudicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF0595F6FE03A32E" box="[231,394,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. neraudicola</emphasis>
|
||
(Swezey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FDEE95F6FD39A32E" box="[524,688,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obamaorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FDEE95F6FD39A32E" box="[524,688,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. obamaorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FD5A95F7FD70A32E" bold="true" box="[696,761,510,536]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFA60747FD5A95F7FD70A32E" box="[696,761,510,536]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FCD395F6FB95A32E" authority="(Swezey)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[817,1052,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urerana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FCD395F6FC2EA32E" box="[817,935,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. urerana</emphasis>
|
||
(Swezey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FBCA95F6FB3BA32E" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1064,1202,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibiscella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FBCA95F6FB3BA32E" box="[1064,1202,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. hibiscella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FA6A95F6FF79A30A" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urerana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FA6A95F6FF79A30A" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. urerana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FE9D962AFE4BA30A" box="[383,450,547,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FE9D962AFE4BA30A" box="[383,450,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Urera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but is distinguishable by the ocherous forewing; males have a rather broad saccus and slender and sinuous phallobase; females signa as two short rows of minute spines in the central area of the corpus bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFA60747FF259687FD7AA5DE" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA60747FF259687FB93A292" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF259687FE4BA39E" bold="true" box="[199,450,654,680]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Redescription: Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FE319687FDD7A39F" box="[467,606,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1152,1176]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,186,1124]" captionTargetId="figure-20@31.[165,1423,181,1128]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 16. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. hibiscella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), B Paralectotype female (lower specimen on mount), C P. naenaeiella (Swezey, 1940) lectotype male, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), D Paralectotype female (below holotype specimen on mount). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681845/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 16A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA60747FD0E9687FCD0A39F" box="[748,857,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in type series; forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA60747FB269687FA8FA39F" box="[1220,1286,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFA60747FACE9687FF43A3FB" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA60747FF3796BBFED2A3FB" box="[213,347,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="4.15" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the additional material examined. Head pale brownish-ocherous; frons white; maxillary palpus brown with white scales; labial palpus pale ocherous-white, terminal segment somewhat fuscous on outer side. Antenna pale ocherous barred with dark fuscous, 1.3–1.4x length of forewing. Thorax pale brownish-ocherous. Forewing ocherous, outwardly-oblique
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FDB19717FD0CA208" bold="true" box="[595,645,798,830]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA60747FD8F9739FD0CA208" attach="left" box="[621,645,816,830]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">1–3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, widened and black-margined at dorsum; A slender outwardly-oblique narrowly black-margined
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FE59974BFE52A254" bold="true" box="[443,475,834,866]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
cs
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA60747FE31975DFE52A254" attach="left" box="[467,475,852,866]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at costal 3/4; 3 or 4 black costal line on apical cilia; a black wide subterminal streak with a few bluish scales; cilia at apex blacky on termen gray with a black line at base. Hindwing and cilia grayishfuscous. Abdomen gray. Legs pale ocherous, anterior legs fuscous on outer side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA60747FF2597A7FCD4A502" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF2597A7FEFBA2FE" bold="true" box="[199,370,942,968]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FE6097A7FE7DA2FE" box="[386,500,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs. 47G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FDE397A7FDBAA2FE" box="[513,563,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">48G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FDDD97A7FDF8A2FE" box="[575,625,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">49G</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=3). Capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA60747FCCD97A7FC03A2FF" box="[815,906,942,969]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="920.0">920 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Tegumen 0.9–1.0 x length of valva; valva
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA60747FA9097A7FF34A2DB" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="630.0">630 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FE9A97DAFDA0A2DA" box="[376,553,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limahuliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FE9A97DAFDA0A2DA" box="[376,553,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">P. limahuliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except basal portion of valva humped along dorsal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FB3397DBFAB2A2DA" box="[1233,1339,978,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 47G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Saccus slender and digitiform in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FDAD97FFFD31A526" box="[591,696,1014,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 48G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA60747FCC797FFFCF4A527" box="[805,893,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="580.0">580 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, slender, straight and sinuous at phallobase with developed coecum; cornuti in vesica indistinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FD0A9013FCD8A502" box="[744,849,1050,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 49G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA60747FF259037FD7AA5DE" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF259037FE07A56E" bold="true" box="[199,398,1086,1112]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FE7D9037FD8FA56F" box="[415,518,1086,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="109.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,193,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-20@109.[152,1435,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 58. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. wilkesiella, SK761, B P. epibathra, SK679, C P. dubauticola, SK645, D Same species, PHIL0008, E P. dubautiella, SK692, F P. alakaiensis, paratype, SK659, G Same species, lateral view, H P. hibiscella, SK723, I P. naenaeiella, SK703, J Same species, SK834, K P. knudseniiella, paratype, SK863, L P. hesperomanniella, paratype, SK832, M Same species, SK620." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681935/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 58H</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=4).
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA60747FD849037FD45A56F" box="[614,716,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="1410.0">1410 µm</quantity>
|
||
long. Ostium bursae large; antrum wide tubular with a slender pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA60747FD95906BFD58A54B" box="[631,721,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="220.0">220 µm</quantity>
|
||
, weakly sclerotized, trapezoid in ventral view, slightly inflexed on the posterior margin, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae slender,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA60747FB9E908FFA86A597" box="[1148,1295,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="425.0" valueMax="450.0" valueMin="400.0">400–450 µm</quantity>
|
||
; terminus of ductus bursae biforked. Corpus bursae
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA60747FDA990A3FD2DA5F3" box="[587,676,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="840.0">840 µm</quantity>
|
||
, pyriformwith paired rows of wrinkles running longitudinally, some sclerotized; two short linear signa with minute spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFA60747FF2590FBFF5BA407" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA60747FF2590FBFF5BA407" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF2590FBFEE8A43A" bold="true" box="[199,353,1266,1292]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Oahu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA60747FE5A90FBFDEAA43A" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[440,611,1266,1292]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="269 - 280" refId="ref102438" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 c) One new genus and eighteen new species of Hawaiian moths. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 269 - 280." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey 1913c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Maui, Molokai: new record,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFA60747FC2790FBFB9FA43A" box="[965,1046,1266,1292]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Big Island) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA60747FB5890FBFF4CA407" author="Zimmerman, E. C." pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 680</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFA60747FF259130FD34A698" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA60747FF259130FF43A4AC" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF259130FEDCA465" bold="true" box="[199,341,1337,1363]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FEB89130FE51A465" box="[346,472,1337,1363]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FE029130FCAFA465" authority="A. Gray" authorityName="A. Gray" box="[480,806,1337,1363]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arnottianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FE029130FD40A465" box="[480,713,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hibiscus arnottianus</emphasis>
|
||
A. Gray
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FCCD9133FC50A465" box="[815,985,1338,1363]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rosasinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FCCD9133FC50A465" box="[815,985,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">H. rosasinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA60747FBE69130FB14A465" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[1028,1181,1337,1363]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref102595" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1928) Some new species of lepidopterous leaf-miners in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7 (1), 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="1928">Swezey 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FB4D9130FA98A465" box="[1199,1297,1337,1363]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FB4D9130FA98A465" box="[1199,1297,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA60747FAA19130FE93A441" author="Swezey, O. H." pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="221 - 227" refId="ref102406" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 b) Leaf-miners of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 221 - 227." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey 1913b: 224</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA60747FEC49154FE21A441" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[294,424,1373,1399]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="269 - 280" refId="ref102438" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 c) One new genus and eighteen new species of Hawaiian moths. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 269 - 280." type="journal article" year="1913">1913c: 280</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FE5E9154FCCFA441" authorityName="D. M. Bates" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="M. J. Roe" box="[444,838,1373,1399]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="arnottianus" subSpecies="immaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FE5E9154FDE9A440" box="[444,608,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">H. arnottianus</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FD559154FCCFA441" box="[695,838,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">immaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FC9D9154FB88A441" box="[895,1025,1373,1399]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FC9D9154FB88A441" box="[895,1025,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">H. tiliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.: new record, endangered subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA60747FF2591AAFE9BA672" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF2591AAFEAEA48B" bold="true" box="[199,295,1443,1469]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FED791AAFE75A488" box="[309,508,1443,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,189,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-20@155.[151,1435,181,1411]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 93. Mines of Philodoria species with thier Malvaceae host plants, Oahu. A, B, D, E: P. hibiscella, host: Hibiscus arnottianus, C P. marginestrigata, host: Sida fallax, F P. hauicola, host: Hibiscus tilaceus, D Mine of late instar larva, E Cocoon on the adaxial side of leaf, F Old mine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682017/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 93A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA60747FDED91ADFD75A488" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[527,764,1444,1470]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="269 - 280" refId="ref102438" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 c) One new genus and eighteen new species of Hawaiian moths. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 269 - 280." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey (1913c: 280)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported its biology: “The mine usually begins towards base of leaf, proceeding upward irregularly and following the margin for a part of its course, it eventually reaches the apex, then follows down the opposite margin of the leaf rapidly widening until the larya, has finished its growth. It then breaks through the epidermic to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FDB99207FD3AA71E" box="[603,691,1550,1576]" form="its" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="form">form its</taxonomicName>
|
||
white oval cocoon on the surface of the leaf. Pupal stage about a week.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA60747FF0F9238FE5FA77A" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[237,470,1585,1612]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that larvae occasionaly cause severe local damage to ornamental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FAE19238FAECA77D" box="[1283,1381,1585,1611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FAE19238FAECA77D" box="[1283,1381,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and extensively mined leaves may drop from the plants and the white, oval cocoon is made on the surface of a leaf. We also observed larvae forming first a slender mine along the leaf margin on the adaxial surface that elongated into a blotch mine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FECE9295FE19A780" box="[300,400,1692,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,189,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-20@155.[151,1435,181,1411]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 93. Mines of Philodoria species with thier Malvaceae host plants, Oahu. A, B, D, E: P. hibiscella, host: Hibiscus arnottianus, C P. marginestrigata, host: Sida fallax, F P. hauicola, host: Hibiscus tilaceus, D Mine of late instar larva, E Cocoon on the adaxial side of leaf, F Old mine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682017/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 93B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and expanded as the larva grew (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FCED9295FC1FA780" box="[783,918,1692,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,189,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-20@155.[151,1435,181,1411]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 93. Mines of Philodoria species with thier Malvaceae host plants, Oahu. A, B, D, E: P. hibiscella, host: Hibiscus arnottianus, C P. marginestrigata, host: Sida fallax, F P. hauicola, host: Hibiscus tilaceus, D Mine of late instar larva, E Cocoon on the adaxial side of leaf, F Old mine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682017/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 93A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The frass is brownish green and is deposited in a spiral line. One mine per leaf. Leaves with old mines remained on the host plant and we did not find any indication that larvae cause mined leaves to fall to the ground as in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FC6E92EAFB8CA7CB" box="[908,1029,1763,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FC6E92EAFB8CA7CB" box="[908,1029,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The late instar larva is pale yellow to green (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FEB7930FFE32A616" box="[341,443,1798,1824]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,189,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-20@155.[151,1435,181,1411]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 93. Mines of Philodoria species with thier Malvaceae host plants, Oahu. A, B, D, E: P. hibiscella, host: Hibiscus arnottianus, C P. marginestrigata, host: Sida fallax, F P. hauicola, host: Hibiscus tilaceus, D Mine of late instar larva, E Cocoon on the adaxial side of leaf, F Old mine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682017/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 93D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and pupation occurs in the white cocoon outside of the mine on the leaf adaxial surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA60747FF429323FE8CA672" box="[160,261,1834,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,189,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-20@155.[151,1435,181,1411]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 93. Mines of Philodoria species with thier Malvaceae host plants, Oahu. A, B, D, E: P. hibiscella, host: Hibiscus arnottianus, C P. marginestrigata, host: Sida fallax, F P. hauicola, host: Hibiscus tilaceus, D Mine of late instar larva, E Cocoon on the adaxial side of leaf, F Old mine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682017/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 93E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA60747FF259344FD34A698" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,2038]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF259344FEDDA651" bold="true" box="[199,340,1869,1895]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FE829344FE6DA651" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[352,484,1869,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FE169344FDEEA651" box="[500,615,1869,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Diglyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FE169344FDEEA651" box="[500,615,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Diglyphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FD459344FBD3A651" authority="(Ashmead, 1901)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[679,1114,1869,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FD459344FC0DA651" box="[679,900,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Euderus metallicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FB899344FEEEA6BD" authority="(Westwood, 1833)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Neochrysocharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FB899344FA14A651" box="[1131,1437,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Neochrysocharis formosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Westwood, 1833)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FE959378FCFFA6BD" authority="(Ashmead, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[375,886,1905,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pauahiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FE959378FD2FA6BD" box="[375,678,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Pauahiana maculatipennis</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FC669378FAACA6BD" authority="(Timberlake, 1927)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Timberlake" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[900,1317,1905,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="externa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FC669378FBC8A6BC" box="[900,1089,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Pnigalio externa</emphasis>
|
||
(Timberlake, 1927)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA60747FACC9378FD30A698" authority="(Timberlake, 1926) (Zimmerman 1978 a)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Timberlake" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Sympiesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FACC9378FF6FA698" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Sympiesis vagans</emphasis>
|
||
(Timberlake, 1926) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA60747FE37939DFD38A698" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[469,689,1940,1966]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFA60746FF2593B1FBB7A077" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA60746FF2593B1FBB7A077" blockId="72.[151,1437,150,2038]" lastBlockId="73.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FF2593B1FEB2A6E4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1976,2002]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The mature larva and pupa described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFA60747FD1F93B1FC62A6E4" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[765,1003,1976,2002]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="269 - 280" refId="ref102438" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 c) One new genus and eighteen new species of Hawaiian moths. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 269 - 280." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey (1913c: 280)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: “
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA60747FBE393B1FB1BA6E7" box="[1025,1170,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
||
. The full-grown larva is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA60747FF3E93D2FEAAA6C0" box="[220,291,2011,2038]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
.; pale bluish-green; head with blackish mouth-parts, eyes, and 2 lines bordering the paraclypeus, much retracted into segment 2 which is widened, and has a large black spot ventrally and 2 black spots near the anterior margin dorsally; thoracic legs minute; abdominal prolegs on segments 7–9.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA70746FC0494B2FBA8A1E2" box="[998,1057,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA70746FBCD94B3FBFFA1E3" box="[1071,1142,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.; pale testaceous-greenish, with a few fuscous markings ventrally; wing-sheaths extend to apex of fifth abdominal segment, free beyond fourth segment, dark fuscous at tip; posterior leg-sheaths extend to apex of abdomen; antenna sheaths extend beyond apex of abdomen, recurved over the back forward to base of fourth abdominal segment.”
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |