294 lines
32 KiB
XML
294 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="AE787725CC1786AF11DB0CAA3DCB4B62" ID-CLB-Dataset="7393" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8adfa0f6-06a7-44b5-a3be-351d0bdc7a62" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681813" ID-ZooBank="380D2F75-D4F9-4974-97E2-25E0C62CB3B0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615997073071" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2021" docId="038087CBFF8C076CFF75919FFAD7A2FF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4944.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4944 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Philodoria keaensis Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="FFB9FFB3FFEE070FFFE29409FF89A136" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1698933850732" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="7110A08483A6BB561B8A54E96736BB89" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A6E280A41A3C5B2398CAEC1E678ECE85">
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<mods:title id="6D85706332075199A9CA7F2A8C8D35BC">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="6809362B719BEE501F275C509A11C8F7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D292EA0DB35A13F23CAC926D19A97A7E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="142A95E0B5560C313E3A0CD1EF68B5FA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="797CC54E3A956979EC46DDF418770E1D">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9299F81D0FC0E77A10974D53CD26E93C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1336-4730</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="250B2F32CEB08BD34723A728FD6AF154" type="email">crossroad1994@hotmail.co.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C2B29B0D8D5360727A4C3ED34413681D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DD47C8CCDDE5018554CA8F1DFA1E2436">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9D8888E5A77CE0FE1705E5AE08F7E87D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DC553129674D920A88BC916D778AFB20">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5B48C9CA5C42A70133211D8D73775E0D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1749-3847</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FFFBB1DFF7217B2AFA6F0B404772CFA1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7DD75FC5B42BE8C51999107791E9EA21">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BC75879902E5190D103BEC09BA9007FF" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1749-3847</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="EE40BB2266213FFCA44C60F1911D4DC7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8B317C4637B988D27E7504A06F82D0BA">
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<mods:date id="0127A04F723DE26AA5D6F25EDC4EA024">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6BC409315672072244FFEA461B6000DD">2021-03-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2C078D420B415E5E28C6E11470D1E424">4944</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="31326311BE5B3419EAA55DABF96EDAD2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EB81F02C744D819A40B1D9C2DD56C37D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E9295CC37478B20D0B9845E979871D8E" type="Zenodo-Dep">4681813</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038087CBFF8C076CFF75919FFAD7A2FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4683274" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181002419" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4683274" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFF8C076CFF75919FFAD7A2FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087CBFF8C076CFF75919FFAD7A2FF" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8C076DFF75919FFCEEA487" box="[151,871,1430,1457]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8C076DFF75919FFCEEA487" blockId="98.[151,871,1430,1493]" box="[151,871,1430,1457]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<heading id="D0DE81B1FF8C076DFF75919FFCEEA487" bold="true" box="[151,871,1430,1457]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" reason="4">
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||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFF75919FFCEEA487" bold="true" box="[151,871,1430,1457]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8C076DFF75919FFC91A487" ID-CoL="8VM3Z" authority="Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara" authorityName="Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara" box="[151,792,1430,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keaensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFF75919FFE0FA487" bold="true" box="[151,390,1430,1457]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Philodoria keaensis</emphasis>
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Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FF8C076DFCC7919EFCEEA487" box="[805,871,1431,1457]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8C076DFF7591B2FEE5A4E3" box="[151,364,1466,1493]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8C076DFF7591B2FEE5A4E3" blockId="98.[151,871,1430,1493]" box="[151,364,1466,1493]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8C076DFF7591B2FEA0A4E3" box="[151,297,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,186,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-20@41.[151,1435,181,1152]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 22. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. keaensis sp. n. holotype female, lateral view, B Forewings of holotype, C P. nigrelloides (Swezey, 1946) holotype female, D Forewings of P. platyphylliella sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681857/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Figs. 22A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8C076DFED691B3FEE1A4E3" box="[308,360,1466,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="110.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-23@110.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 59. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK708, host: Neraudia melastomifalia, B Same species, Maui, SK838, host: Pipturus albidus, C P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK710, host: Pipturus albidus, D Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK844 host: Pipturus sp., E P. urerana, paralectotype, SK672, F Philodoria sp. 1, SK835, G Same species, PHIL0021, H P. keahii, paratype, SK756, I P. funkae, holotype, SK761, J P. touchardiella, SK764, K P. keaensis, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK777, L P. hauicola, Oahu, SK618." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681937/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">59K</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8C076DFF75920AFDDAA728" box="[151,595,1538,1566]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8C076DFF75920AFDDAA728" blockId="98.[151,1437,1538,2033]" box="[151,595,1538,1566]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FF8C076DFF75920AFDC6A728" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273426" box="[151,591,1538,1566]" location="Mauna Kea" municipality="Big Island" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFF75920AFEBFA72A" bold="true" box="[151,310,1538,1565]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8C076DFF75920AFF5BA72B" box="[151,210,1539,1565]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<location id="8EF66006FF8C076DFEDE920AFE37A72B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFF8C076CFF75919FFAD7A2FF:8EF66006FF8C076DFEDE920AFE37A72B" box="[316,446,1539,1565]" municipality="Big Island" name="Mauna Kea" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Mauna Kea</location>
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||
(
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FF8C076DFE2F920AFDCEA728" box="[461,583,1539,1566]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Big Island</collectingMunicipality>
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||
)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8C076DFF25922EFB60A774" box="[199,1257,1575,1602]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8C076DFF25922EFB60A774" blockId="98.[151,1437,1538,2033]" box="[199,1257,1575,1602]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFF25922EFEC7A777" bold="true" box="[199,334,1575,1601]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet is derived from the
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<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8C076DFCF6922EFCCDA777" box="[788,836,1575,1601]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
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locality, Kea (pronounced ‘Keh-ah’).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8C076DFF259242FB55A79B" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8C076DFF259242FB55A79B" blockId="98.[151,1437,1538,2033]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFF259242FEFCA752" bold="true" box="[199,373,1610,1637]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Type material.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FF8C076DFE999242FB55A79B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273417" collectingDate="2012-06-27" collectingDateMax="2014-08-09" collectingDateMin="2012-06-27" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="J. Eiben" elevation="3039" location="Hale Pohaku" municipality="Mauna Kea" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" specimenCount="778" specimenCount-female="778" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8C076DFE999242FE64A753" box="[379,493,1611,1637]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF8C076DFE0C9242FE75A753" box="[494,508,1611,1637]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FF8C076DFDE49242FD02A753" box="[518,651,1611,1637]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Mauna Kea</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8EF66006FF8C076DFD749242FCA1A753" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFF8C076CFF75919FFAD7A2FF:8EF66006FF8C076DFD749242FCA1A753" box="[662,808,1611,1637]" municipality="Mauna Kea" name="Hale Pohaku" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" stateProvince="Hawaii">Hale Pohaku</location>
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,
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<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8C076DFCD19242FC0AA753" box="[819,899,1611,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.038856" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="ft" value="9970.0">
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<elevation id="0004D1EEFF8C076DFCD19242FC0AA753" box="[819,899,1611,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.038856" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="ft" value="9970.0">9,970ft</elevation>
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</quantity>
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(~
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<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8C076DFC429242FB88A753" box="[928,1025,1611,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.038" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="3038.0">
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<elevation id="0004D1EEFF8C076DFC429242FB88A753" box="[928,1025,1611,1637]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.038" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="m" value="3038.0">3,038 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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),
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||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFF8C076DFBF79242FBEFA753" box="[1045,1126,1611,1637]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
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||
Is. [Big Island],
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||
<date id="FF97101DFF8C076DFAC19242FA15A753" box="[1315,1436,1611,1637]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2014-08-09">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FF8C076DFAC19242FA15A753" box="[1315,1436,1611,1637]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2014-08-09">9.viii.2014</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
(stored),
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFF8C076DFF1F9266FED1A7BF" box="[253,344,1647,1673]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">J. Eiben</collectorName>
|
||
leg., adult
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||
<collectedFrom id="38357520FF8C076DFE3A9266FD73A7BF" box="[472,762,1647,1673]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
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||
on
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8C076DFE1E9266FD73A7BF" box="[508,762,1647,1673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tetramolopium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humile">
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||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFE1E9266FD73A7BF" box="[508,762,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Tetramolopium humile</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF8C076DFCEB9266FC0DA7BF" box="[777,900,1647,1673]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2012-06-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FF8C076DFCEB9266FC0DA7BF" box="[777,900,1647,1673]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" value="2012-06-27">27.vi.2012</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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, CJ355 / SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF8C076DFBF49266FBDBA7BF" box="[1046,1106,1647,1673]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="female">777♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF8C076DFB959266FB41A7BF" box="[1143,1224,1647,1673]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8C076DFAE59266FAE0A7BF" box="[1287,1385,1647,1673]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was mounted as a dry pinned specimen by placing two forewings without mountant under a coverslip.
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8C076DFF2592BFFC97A60B" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8C076DFF2592BFFC97A60B" blockId="98.[151,1437,1538,2033]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFF2592BFFECBA7E6" bold="true" box="[199,322,1718,1744]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
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Distinguished from other species by having a broad white streak at its costal fold and a transverse streak at 3/4 on the forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8C076DFE1B92D2FD0FA7C3" box="[505,646,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,186,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-20@41.[151,1435,181,1152]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 22. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. keaensis sp. n. holotype female, lateral view, B Forewings of holotype, C P. nigrelloides (Swezey, 1946) holotype female, D Forewings of P. platyphylliella sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681857/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 22A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8C076DFD7C92D2FC73A7C3" authority="Swezey" authorityName="Sweszey" authorityYear="1940" box="[670,1018,1755,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkesiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFD7C92D2FC10A7C3" box="[670,921,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Philodoria wilkesiella</emphasis>
|
||
Swezey
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8C076DFBD492D2FAD7A7C3" authority="(Swezey)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1078,1374,1755,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="touchardiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFBD492D2FB63A7C3" box="[1078,1258,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">P. touchardiella</emphasis>
|
||
(Swezey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have female genitalia that are similar in shape to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8C076DFD6192F6FD74A62F" box="[643,765,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFD6192F6FD74A62F" box="[643,765,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">P. keaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFCE692F6FCCDA62F" bold="true" box="[772,836,1791,1817]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FF8C076DFCE692F6FCCDA62F" box="[772,836,1791,1817]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but the former two are separated from the latter by a rather broad or long antrum and distinct forewing pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8C076CFF25934FFBFBA0E7" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8C076CFF25934FFCF5A1CF" blockId="98.[151,1437,1538,2033]" lastBlockId="99.[151,1437,151,969]" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFF25934FFE2DA656" bold="true" box="[199,420,1862,1888]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Description: Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8C076DFE51934EFDB0A657" box="[435,569,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,186,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-20@41.[151,1435,181,1152]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 22. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. keaensis sp. n. holotype female, lateral view, B Forewings of holotype, C P. nigrelloides (Swezey, 1946) holotype female, D Forewings of P. platyphylliella sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681857/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 22A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8C076DFCE9934FFCE9A657" box="[779,864,1862,1889]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8C076DFC63934EFC6EA657" box="[897,999,1863,1889]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Head and frons dark brown with white scales on lateral side; maxillary palpus white; labial palpus white above, brownish beneath. Thorax dark brown. Forewing brown to pale redish brown with white patches: a costal broad one along costal fold from base to costal 1/2; a dorsal broad outwardly oblique
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8C076DFDB393BAFDFDA6E5" bold="true" box="[593,628,1971,2003]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FF8C076DFD8E93CCFDFDA6E5" attach="left" box="[620,628,1989,2003]" fontSize="6" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at 1/2 enclosing fuscous lines, connecting white line extending dorsal base of wing along dorsal margin; a white transverse fascia at 3/4; a large black patch nearby transverse streak with shiny blue scales at center; apical portion orangish brown with a costal white spot (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFBCB949EFBB0A187" bold="true" box="[1065,1081,151,177]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">b</emphasis>
|
||
) at apex of cilia; an apical black patch (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFF0694B2FF74A1E3" bold="true" box="[228,253,187,213]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">as</emphasis>
|
||
) with shiny blue scales; apical and terminal cilia fuscous, tornal cilia brown. Hindwing and cilia fuscous. Abdomen white below. Legs dark brown, tarsi spotted with white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8D076CFF25950AFE66A02B" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,495,258,285]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFF25950AFEFBA02A" bold="true" box="[199,370,258,285]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8D076CFF25952EFBFBA0E7" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFF25952EFE04A076" bold="true" box="[199,397,294,321]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8D076CFE7F952EFD8DA077" box="[413,516,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="110.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-23@110.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 59. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK708, host: Neraudia melastomifalia, B Same species, Maui, SK838, host: Pipturus albidus, C P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK710, host: Pipturus albidus, D Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK844 host: Pipturus sp., E P. urerana, paralectotype, SK672, F Philodoria sp. 1, SK835, G Same species, PHIL0021, H P. keahii, paratype, SK756, I P. funkae, holotype, SK761, J P. touchardiella, SK764, K P. keaensis, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK777, L P. hauicola, Oahu, SK618." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681937/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 59K</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=1).
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8D076CFD80952EFD33A077" box="[610,698,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="960.0">960 µm</quantity>
|
||
long. Ostium bursae large; antrum cup-shaped with a pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8D076CFDE79542FDD7A053" box="[517,606,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="160.0">160 µm</quantity>
|
||
, weakly sclerotized, semicircular, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae short, middle part weakly sclerotized, round and flat; terminus of ductus bursae tubular, biforked. Corpus bursae
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8D076CFEA6959BFE16A09B" box="[324,415,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="570.0">570 µm</quantity>
|
||
, pyriform; anterior end of corpus bursae weakly sclerotized; paired rows of longitudinal, partly sclerotized wrinkles; very small paired signa with a pair of slender minute spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8D076CFF2595D3FDC4A0C0" box="[199,589,474,502]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8D076CFF2595D3FDC4A0C0" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,589,474,502]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFF2595D3FEE8A0C2" bold="true" box="[199,353,474,500]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFF8D076CFE8595D2FE31A0C3" box="[359,440,475,501]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Big Island).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8D076CFF2595F6FDE3A32F" box="[199,618,510,537]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8D076CFF2595F6FDE3A32F" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,618,510,537]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFF2595F6FEC6A32F" bold="true" box="[199,335,511,537]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Host plants</emphasis>
|
||
. and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFE6F95F7FE64A32E" bold="true" box="[397,493,510,536]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8D076CFF25962AFAD7A2FF" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8D076CFF25962AFAD7A2FF" blockId="99.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFF25962AFEB2A30B" bold="true" box="[199,315,547,573]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Jesse Eiben collected the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8D076CFD82962AFD4BA30B" box="[608,706,547,573]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from beating the plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8D076CFC2D962AFEADA357" authority="(A. Gray) Hillebr." authorityName="Hillebr." baseAuthorityName="A. Gray" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tetramolopium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFC2D962AFB45A30B" box="[975,1228,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Tetramolopium humile</emphasis>
|
||
(A. Gray) Hillebr. (Asteraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Mauna Kea,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8D076CFE37964EFDADA357" box="[469,548,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.038856" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="ft" value="9970.0">9,970ft</quantity>
|
||
(~
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8D076CFDA3964EFD2BA357" box="[577,674,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.038" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="m" value="3038.0">3,038 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFF8D076CFD54964EFC8EA357" box="[694,775,583,609]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island (Big Island). We returned to this location in
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF8D076CFAA0964EFF46A3B3" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2014-10">October 2014</date>
|
||
and searched
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8D076CFE899662FDEEA3B3" box="[363,615,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tetramolopium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFE899662FDEEA3B3" box="[363,615,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Tetramolopium humile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8D076CFD969662FB4AA3B3" authority="DC. subsp. sandwicense" box="[628,1219,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Argyroxiphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="sandwicense" subSpecies="sandwicense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFD969662FC26A3B3" box="[628,943,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Argyroxiphium sandwicense</emphasis>
|
||
DC. subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFBD79662FB4AA3B3" box="[1077,1219,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">sandwicense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8D076CFB2D9662FEE8A39F" authority="(DC.) D. D. Keck" authorityName="D. D. Keck" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFB2D9662FA15A3B3" box="[1231,1436,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Dubautia ciliolata</emphasis>
|
||
(DC.) D. D. Keck
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8D076CFE799686FC9EA39F" authority="(Gaudich.) D. D. Keck" authorityName="D. D. Keck" authorityYear="1936" baseAuthorityName="Gaudich." box="[411,791,655,682]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFE799686FD9AA39F" box="[411,531,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">D. linearis</emphasis>
|
||
(Gaudich.) D. D. Keck
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but none of the plants we checked had visible leaf mines. We also set blacklight bucket trap lights for two nights within five feet of these plants, but were unable to collect any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8D076CFF2A96DEFEC8A3C7" box="[200,321,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFF2A96DEFEC8A3C7" box="[200,321,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults. Some leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8D076CFDB696DEFC61A3C7" authority="subsp. sandwicense" box="[596,1000,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Argyroxiphium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="sandwicense" subSpecies="sandwicense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFDB696DEFC8AA3C7" box="[596,771,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">A. sandwicense</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFCB896DEFC61A3C7" box="[858,1000,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">sandwicense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had its layers of leaf tissue separated, roughly resembling the pockets that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8D076CFDCB96F2FD24A223" box="[553,685,763,789]" form="within" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" rank="form">form within</taxonomicName>
|
||
mined leaves, but we were unable to find any frass. We therefore do not consider these separations as damage created by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8D076CFD049716FCD6A20F" box="[742,863,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFD049716FCD6A20F" box="[742,863,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae. Jesse Eiben has been conducting arthropod surveys in this area for nearly a decade. Given the rarity of this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8D076CFC81974AFC55A26B" box="[867,988,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFC81974AFC55A26B" box="[867,988,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species despite years of comprehensive arthropod sampling in the area, it is possible that this insect does not belong here, but instead was windblown from elsewhere as is often seen with arthropods on Mauna Kea. Future surveys focused specifically on this insect would benefit from sampling known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8D076CFE0897A6FDEAA2FF" box="[490,611,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8D076CFE0897A6FDEAA2FF" box="[490,611,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
host plants and where they are more abundant, at a lower elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |