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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.699.12031" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dbf6bb9f-7ea4-4fa3-83ee-f58263427e39" ID-PMC="PMC5673864" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-699-1" ID-PubMed="29200927" ID-ZBK="0F92401F3F7C4896AD9D72BC84348C7D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-699-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 699" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae)" checkinTime="1505836577638" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cherman, Mariana Alejandra, Mise, Kleber Makoto, Moron †, Miguel Angel, Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z. &amp; Almeida, Lucia Massutti de" docDate="2017" docId="9B44FEDC1B6872E8C476AED8BCA55994" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 699: 1-120" docOrigin="ZooKeys 699" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.699.12031" docTitle="Liogenys punctaticollis Blanchard 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFD9636FB945C41DFF8AB133FFFA9D76" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae)" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1668164813467" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of Liogenys occurring in Brazil with an interactive key and remarks on New World Diplotaxini (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cherman, Mariana Alejandra</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mise, Kleber Makoto</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moron †, Miguel Angel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Almeida, Lucia Massutti de</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>699</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>120</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.699.12031</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.699.12031</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-699-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">0F92401F3F7C4896AD9D72BC84348C7D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0F92401F3F7C4896AD9D72BC84348C7D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="134311178" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9B44FEDC1B6872E8C476AED8BCA55994" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9B44FEDC1B6872E8C476AED8BCA55994" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName authority="Blanchard, 1851" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys punctaticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctaticollis">
<pageBreakToken pageId="47" pageNumber="48" start="start">Liogenys</pageBreakToken>
punctaticollis (Blanchard, 1851)
</taxonomicName>
Figs 69, 90
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hilarianus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hilarianus punctaticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctaticollis">
<pageBreakToken pageId="48" pageNumber="49" start="start">Hilarianus</pageBreakToken>
punctaticollis
</taxonomicName>
Blanchard, 1851: 169 (orig. desc.);
<bibRefCitation author="Lacordaire, JT" journalOrPublisher="Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" title="Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet odre d'insectes. Tome Troiseme. Contenant les familles des Pectinicornes et Lamellicornes." year="1856">Lacordaire 1856</bibRefCitation>
: 270 (sys.);
<bibRefCitation pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Harold 1869a</bibRefCitation>
: 1141 (check.);
<bibRefCitation pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Dalla Torre 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 319 (check.);
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="189 - 341" title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 228 (check.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys palmata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmata">Liogenys palmata</taxonomicName>
Burmeister, 1855: 13 (orig. desc.);
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="189 - 341" title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 227 (check.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys palmatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmatus">Liogenys palmatus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Harold 1869a</bibRefCitation>
: 1140 (check.);
<bibRefCitation pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Dalla Torre 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 318 (check.);
<bibRefCitation author="Frey, G" journalOrPublisher="Frey" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="36 - 64" title="Betimmumgstabelle und Revision der Gattung Liogenys Guerrez. (Coleoptera-Melolonthinae-Macrodactylini). Entomologischen Arbeiten aus dem Museum G." volume="20" year="1969">Frey 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 40, 56 (key, red.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys punctaticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctaticollis">Liogenys punctaticollis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Frey, G" journalOrPublisher="Frey" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="319 - 332" title="Neue Macrodactylini (Col. Melolonthidae). 21. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der suedamerikanischen Melolonthidaen. Entomologischen Arbeiten aus dem Museum G." volume="25" year="1974">Frey 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 331 (n. comb.; senior syn. of
<taxonomicName family="Melolonthidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. palmata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="palmata">L. palmata</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, AV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 458" title="A checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.211.1.1" volume="211" year="2003">Evans 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 213 (check.);
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, AV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" url="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers/2" year="2005">Evans and Smith 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 177 (check.);
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, AV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" url="http://museum.unl.edu/research/entomology/SSSA/nwmelos.htm" year="2009">Evans and Smith 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 181 (check.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hilarianus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hilarianus anguliceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anguliceps">Hilarianus anguliceps</taxonomicName>
Blanchard, 1851: 169 (orig. desc.);
<bibRefCitation author="Lacordaire, JT" journalOrPublisher="Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" title="Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres, ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet odre d'insectes. Tome Troiseme. Contenant les familles des Pectinicornes et Lamellicornes." year="1856">Lacordaire 1856</bibRefCitation>
: 270 (sys.);
<bibRefCitation pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Harold 1869a</bibRefCitation>
: 1141 (check.);
<bibRefCitation pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Dalla Torre 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 319 (check.);
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="189 - 341" title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 228 (check.);
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, AV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 458" title="A checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.211.1.1" volume="211" year="2003">Evans 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 273 (check.);
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, AV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" url="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers/2" year="2005">Evans and Smith 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 230 (check.);
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, AV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" url="http://museum.unl.edu/research/entomology/SSSA/nwmelos.htm" year="2009">Evans and Smith 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 308 (check.);
<bibRefCitation author="Cherman, MA" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="744 - 770" title="Phylogenetic relationships within Diplotaxini Kirby (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae) with emphasis on Liogenys Guerin-Meneville." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12188" volume="41" year="2016">Cherman et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 23 (junior syn. of
<taxonomicName family="Melolonthidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. punctaticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="punctaticollis">L. punctaticollis</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hilarianus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hilarianus punctaticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctaticollis">Hilarianus punctaticollis</taxonomicName>
male holotype (MNHN): [handwritten]
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Brésil”">&quot;Bresil&quot;</normalizedToken>
, [light green printed]
<normalizedToken originalValue="“MUSÉUM">&quot;MUSEUM</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="PÁRIS”">PARIS&quot;</normalizedToken>
, [red printed]
<normalizedToken originalValue="“SYNTYPE”">&quot;SYNTYPE&quot;</normalizedToken>
, [green handwritten] &quot;
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. punctaticollis" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="punctaticollis">H. punctaticollis</taxonomicName>
/ Cat Mus/
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brésil">Bresil</normalizedToken>
/ M. de Castelnau&quot;. Genitalia mounted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys palmata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmata">Liogenys palmata</taxonomicName>
male lectotype (MHLU): [handwritten] &quot;
<taxonomicName lsidName="palmata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="palmata">palmata</taxonomicName>
/ Germ./ Bras Int.&quot;, [white handwritten] &quot;Type/
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liogenys</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName lsidName="palmatus" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="palmatus">palmatus</taxonomicName>
/burm/[printed] det. G. Frey 1967/68&quot;. Genitalia mounted. Male paralectotype (MHLU): &quot;P. Type/
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liogenys</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName lsidName="palmatus" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="palmatus">palmatus</taxonomicName>
/ burm/ [printed] det. G. Frey 1967/68&quot;, [green printed]
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Nov./Frib.”">&quot;Nov./Frib.&quot;</normalizedToken>
, [white printed] &quot;Prof.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hüsind/Halle”">Huesind/Halle&quot;</normalizedToken>
Genitalia mounted. Female paralectotype (MHLU): &quot;P. Type/
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liogenys</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName lsidName="palmatus" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="palmatus">palmatus</taxonomicName>
/burm/[printed] det. G. Frey 1967/68&quot;, [white printed] &quot;Prof.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hüsind/Halle”">Huesind/Halle&quot;</normalizedToken>
. Those three types were labeled by Frey in 1967/68, as Type and P. Types and that is why they are here considered as lectotype and paralectotypes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hilarianus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hilarianus anguliceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anguliceps">Hilarianus anguliceps</taxonomicName>
female holotype (MNHN): [white handwritten]
<normalizedToken originalValue="“71/44”">&quot;71/44&quot;</normalizedToken>
, [light green printed]
<normalizedToken originalValue="“MUSÉUM">&quot;MUSEUM</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="PÁRIS">PARIS</normalizedToken>
/Rio-Janeiro/de Castelnau&quot;, [white handwritten]
<normalizedToken originalValue="“f”">&quot;f#&quot;</normalizedToken>
, [white handwritten] &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hilarianus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hilarianus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hilarianus</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName lsidName="anguliceps" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="anguliceps">anguliceps</taxonomicName>
Bl&quot;, [red printed]
<normalizedToken originalValue="“SYNTYPE”">&quot;SYNTYPE&quot;</normalizedToken>
, [green handwritten] &quot;
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. anguliceps" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="anguliceps">H. anguliceps</taxonomicName>
/Cat Mus/
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brésil">Bresil</normalizedToken>
/M. de Castelnau&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Non-type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
BRAZIL. ES: Rio Bonito, X/1963, 600 m, without collector, 1 ex. (DZUP); MG: Mesquita, XII/1973, Ravenna col., 1 ex. (CMNC); SP:
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, IX/1936, J. Zikan col., 1 ex. (IBSP); without locality and date, Raben col., 1 ex. (ZMUC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Body brownish; elongate; elytra testaceous to brownish, pronotum darker, reddish brown in males and dark brown in females; clypeal emargination sub-angled and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel; clypeal lateral margin straight; mesotibia quadrate in cross section in males, sub-quadrate to cylindrical in females; posterior margin of male metafemur medially produced on posterior margin; metatibial inner margin abruptly sub-basally or medially produced; pygidium varies from flat to convex, as wide as it is long, pygidial disc bristled only on apex; in males,
<pageBreakToken pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="start">total</pageBreakToken>
length of parameres near five times the length of their apex; inner margins convergent; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle curved projecting almost perpendicular to parameres (Fig. 69F).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Figure 69.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys punctaticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctaticollis">Liogenys punctaticollis</taxonomicName>
Blanchard. A Dorsal view B Lateral view C Frontal view D Clypeus and pronotum E Pygidium F Parameres, dorsal view G Parameres, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Length: 14.0-16.0 mm; width: 6.9-7.9 mm. Brownish. Head: distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye; frons shorter than clypeus; clypeal emargination sub-angled, shallow and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel; outer margin of anterior tooth shorter than the eye; clypeal lateral margin straight; canthus not exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width less than twice width of apex; fovea shallow, extending past the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color and longer than flagellum. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced medially; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures sparse and coarse; pronotal posterior corners sharp, almost right-angled; proepisternum with short bristles; mesepisternum scaly; sides of metasternum scaly and bristled, few long bristles on the anterior margin; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice longer than the metacoxa; scutellum ogival, finely punctured at the sides. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, uniform brownish, barely lighter in color than the pronotum; elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture slightly darker than elytron and distinctly elevated; pair of inner ridges more noticeable than outer three pairs. Legs: procoxa bristled on infra-carinal and outer surface; punctures visible at 12
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, the three teeth equally spaced;
<pageBreakToken pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">protibial</pageBreakToken>
inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc setose, with a row of long bristles on anterior and posterior margins; mesotibia sub-quadrate in cross section; disc coarsely sculptured, apical transverse carina in male mesotibia with intraspecific variation being partial or complete, in females always complete; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; male metafemur medially produced on posterior margin; metatibia with posterior discontinuous longitudinal carina; metatibial apical spurs equal in length, length equal to the diameter of the tibial apex; inner margin of male metatibia carinated and abruptly medially produced towards apex, apical inner surface setose, metatibial disc finely sculptured; metatibial transverse carina present posteriorly; basal metatarsomere and tarsomere II equal in size, in males protarsomere II long; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV enlarged, protarsomeres slightly wider than the mesotarsomeres and more than twice as wide as metatarsi; claw bifid, symmetrical, superior tooth longer and as wide as the inferior; distance between teeth shorter than the inferior tooth. Abdomen: ventrites bristled on disc; propygidium visible, glabrous; pygidium in lateral view flat or convex, in posterior view sub-trapezoidal, as wide as it is long; pygidial width not exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium, pygidial disc bristled only on apex; pygidial apex in males quadrate. Parameres: width of basal region equal to the parameres together at its transverse midline, parameral split at the third portion; total length of parameres near five times the length of their apex; inner margins slightly convergent and opened; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle curved projecting almost perpendicular to parameres (Fig. 69F). In lateral view parameres concave (Fig. 69G).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="type-locality">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type-locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys punctaticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctaticollis">Liogenys punctaticollis</taxonomicName>
: BRAZIL;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys anguliceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anguliceps">Liogenys anguliceps</taxonomicName>
: BRAZIL. Nova Friburgo, RJ (syn).
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys palmata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmata">Liogenys palmata</taxonomicName>
: BRAZIL,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“int”">&quot;int&quot;</normalizedToken>
(syn).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">BRAZIL (ES, MG, RJ, SP).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys punctaticollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctaticollis">Liogenys punctaticollis</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tibialis" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tibialis">L. tibialis</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 77) in a few features, such as the lateral margin of clypeus being always straight; in females the elytra are very shiny and the male genitalia with total length of parameres near five times the length of their apex; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle curved projecting almost perpendicular to parameres and inner margins slightly convergent and opened.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
In
<bibRefCitation author="Cherman, MA" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="744 - 770" title="Phylogenetic relationships within Diplotaxini Kirby (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae) with emphasis on Liogenys Guerin-Meneville." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12188" volume="41" year="2016">Cherman et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hilarianus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hilarianus anguliceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anguliceps">Hilarianus anguliceps</taxonomicName>
was synonymized with
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. punctaticollis" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="punctaticollis">L. punctaticollis</taxonomicName>
. As it is the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hilarianus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hilarianus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hilarianus</taxonomicName>
type species, this genus was designated the junior synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Liogenys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogenys" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liogenys</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Cherman, MA" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="744 - 770" title="Phylogenetic relationships within Diplotaxini Kirby (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae) with emphasis on Liogenys Guerin-Meneville." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12188" volume="41" year="2016">Cherman et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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