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<mods:title id="FE9B355252D97ACB2B6D5E7381966816">The Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) of Brazil, with one new Caliothrips species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36C3FFB9FFF2FF1DDC70FFCAF102" blockId="13.[151,394,1538,1565]" box="[151,394,1538,1565]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
<heading id="D0A281AFFFB9FFF2FF1DDC70FFCAF102" bold="true" box="[151,394,1538,1565]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFB9FFF2FF1DDC70FFCAF102" ID-CoL="637DH" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1836" box="[151,394,1538,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FF1DDC70FFCAF102" bold="true" box="[151,394,1538,1565]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FF1DDC70FF60F103" bold="true" box="[151,288,1538,1565]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Heliothrips</emphasis>
Haliday
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36C3FFB9FFF1FF1DDC39FF13F65F" blockId="13.[151,1437,1610,2034]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,150,321]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">
This genus comprises four recognizable species, all native to South America but with
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFB9FFF2FBC6DC39FB67F17B" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1100,1319,1611,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FBC6DC39FB67F17B" box="[1100,1319,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">H. haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136E2A46FFB9FFF2FABCDC39FBD4F17B" box="[1334,1428,1610,1637]" captionStart="FIGURES 121138" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1705,1729]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,181,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-21@26.[167,1419,181,1682]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 121138. Panchaetothripinae species and damages to plants.Alive individuals 121128: (121) Bradinothrips musae; (122) Caliothrips phaseoli; (123) Dinurothrips hookeri in courtship; (124) Helionothrips errans; (125) Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis; (126) Heliothrips longisensibilis; (127) Retithrips syriacus; (128) Selenothrips rubrocinctus (adult). Damages 129138: (129) Banana bunch with bronzing caused by Bradinothrips musae; (130) Soybean leaf chlorosis caused by Caliothrips phaseoli; (131) Mint leaf with chlorosis caused by Dinurothrips hookeri; (132) Banana bunch with bronzing caused by Elixothrips brevisetis; (133) Orchid leaves with chlorosis and fecal markings caused by Helionothrips errans; (134) Jasmine leaf with chlorosis caused by Heliothrips longisensibilis; (135) Physic nut leaf with chlorosis caused by Retithrips syriacus; (136) Rose leaves with chlorosis caused by Retithrips syriacus; (137) Guanandi leaves with bronzing caused by Selenothrips rubrocinctus; (138) Liquidambar styraciflua leaves with chlorosis caused by Selenothrips rubrocinctus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397518/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 125</figureCitation>
) widespread around the world, and
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFB9FFF2FDAADC1DFCA6F197" authorityName="Xie, Mound &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2019" box="[544,742,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisensibilis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FDAADC1DFCA6F197" box="[544,742,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">H. longisensibilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also known from
<collectingCountry id="F3427653FFB9FFF2FC3CDC1DFDBDF197" box="[950,1021,1647,1673]" name="China" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">China</collectingCountry>
. A previous hypothesis suggested
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFB9FFF2FA0BDC1DFF11F1B3" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FA0BDC1DFF11F1B3" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">H. haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was native to the Amazon basin, with
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFB9FFF2FC98DCE1FD3EF1B3" authorityName="Mound &amp; Monteiro" authorityYear="1997" box="[786,894,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zucchi">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FC98DCE1FD3EF1B3" box="[786,894,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">H. zucchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFB9FFF2FC32DCE1FA66F1B3" authorityName="Nakahara, O'Donnell &amp; Mound" authorityYear="2015" box="[952,1062,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FC32DCE1FA66F1B3" box="[952,1062,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">H. similis</emphasis>
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native to the Atlantic Rainforest in southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F3427653FFB9FFF2FECDDCC5FFCBF1CF" box="[327,395,1719,1745]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B32FFB9FFF2FE11DCC5FCFCF1CF" author="Mound, L. A. &amp; Monteiro, R. C." box="[411,700,1719,1745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" pagination="154 - 160" refId="ref18044" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Monteiro, R. C. (1997) A review of the genus Heliothrips (Thysanoptera; Thripidae), with a new sister-species of the Greenhouse Thrips from south eastern Brazil. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 105, 154 - 160." type="journal article" year="1997">Mound &amp; Monteiro 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B32FFB9FFF2FD42DCC5FDF7F1CF" author="Nakahara, S. &amp; O'Donnell, C. &amp; Mound, L. A." box="[712,951,1718,1745]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" pagination="578 - 584" refId="ref18197" refString="Nakahara, S., O'Donnell, C. &amp; Mound, L. A. (2015) Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis and its relatives, with one new species and one new genus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Zootaxa, 4021 (4), 578 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4021.4.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
Nakahara
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FCB0DCC5FD33F1CF" box="[826,883,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). But the records of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFB9FFF2FB11DCC5FB1FF1CF" authorityName="Xie, Mound &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2019" box="[1179,1375,1719,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisensibilis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FB11DCC5FB1FF1CF" box="[1179,1375,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">H. longisensibilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136E2A46FFB9FFF2FAE5DCC5FE82F1E8" captionStart="FIGURES 121138" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1705,1729]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,181,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-21@26.[167,1419,181,1682]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 121138. Panchaetothripinae species and damages to plants.Alive individuals 121128: (121) Bradinothrips musae; (122) Caliothrips phaseoli; (123) Dinurothrips hookeri in courtship; (124) Helionothrips errans; (125) Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis; (126) Heliothrips longisensibilis; (127) Retithrips syriacus; (128) Selenothrips rubrocinctus (adult). Damages 129138: (129) Banana bunch with bronzing caused by Bradinothrips musae; (130) Soybean leaf chlorosis caused by Caliothrips phaseoli; (131) Mint leaf with chlorosis caused by Dinurothrips hookeri; (132) Banana bunch with bronzing caused by Elixothrips brevisetis; (133) Orchid leaves with chlorosis and fecal markings caused by Helionothrips errans; (134) Jasmine leaf with chlorosis caused by Heliothrips longisensibilis; (135) Physic nut leaf with chlorosis caused by Retithrips syriacus; (136) Rose leaves with chlorosis caused by Retithrips syriacus; (137) Guanandi leaves with bronzing caused by Selenothrips rubrocinctus; (138) Liquidambar styraciflua leaves with chlorosis caused by Selenothrips rubrocinctus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397518/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 126</figureCitation>
) provided here from several states in Central and Northern
<collectingCountry id="F3427653FFB9FFF2FCEDDCA9FDEBF1EB" box="[871,939,1755,1781]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Brazil</collectingCountry>
indicate that species in the genus may have evolved in different areas more broadly within South America (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B32FFB9FFF2FC06DC8DFA78F007" author="Xie, Y. &amp; Mound, L. A. &amp; Zhang, H. R." box="[908,1080,1791,1817]" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" pagination="143 - 150" refId="ref18884" refString="Xie, Y., Mound, L. A. &amp; Zhang, H. R. (2019) A new species of Heliothrips (Thysanoptera, Panchaetothripinae), based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa, 4638 (1), 143 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4638.1.8" type="journal article" year="2019">
Xie
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FC31DC8DFDADF007" box="[955,1005,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Recent thrips surveys indicate that
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFB9FFF2FF40DD51FFD0F023" authorityName="Xie, Mound &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2019" box="[202,400,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisensibilis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FF40DD51FFD0F023" box="[202,400,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">H. longisensibilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread in Central, Northern and Northeastern states of
<collectingCountry id="F3427653FFB9FFF2FBD7DD51FAE4F023" box="[1117,1188,1827,1853]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, but that the name
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFB9FFF2FA0BDD51FF11F07F" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FA0BDD51FF11F07F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">H. haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be applied only to specimens collected in south, southeast and areas close to the Northeast oriental coast, all in the biome Atlantic Rainforest. Some previous records of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFB9FFF2FB8DDD19FAA4F09B" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1031,1252,1899,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FB8DDD19FAA4F09B" box="[1031,1252,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">H. haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might represent
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFB9FFF2FF1DDDFDFF1DF0B7" authorityName="Xie, Mound &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,349,1935,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisensibilis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FF1DDDFDFF1DF0B7" box="[151,349,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">H. longisensibilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including records of damage to plants as described by Lima
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF2FB93DDFDFA0CF0B7" box="[1049,1100,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">et al</emphasis>
. (2016) (
<figureCitation id="136E2A46FFB9FFF2FB3CDDFDFB59F0B7" box="[1206,1305,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURES 121138" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1705,1729]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,181,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-21@26.[167,1419,181,1682]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 121138. Panchaetothripinae species and damages to plants.Alive individuals 121128: (121) Bradinothrips musae; (122) Caliothrips phaseoli; (123) Dinurothrips hookeri in courtship; (124) Helionothrips errans; (125) Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis; (126) Heliothrips longisensibilis; (127) Retithrips syriacus; (128) Selenothrips rubrocinctus (adult). Damages 129138: (129) Banana bunch with bronzing caused by Bradinothrips musae; (130) Soybean leaf chlorosis caused by Caliothrips phaseoli; (131) Mint leaf with chlorosis caused by Dinurothrips hookeri; (132) Banana bunch with bronzing caused by Elixothrips brevisetis; (133) Orchid leaves with chlorosis and fecal markings caused by Helionothrips errans; (134) Jasmine leaf with chlorosis caused by Heliothrips longisensibilis; (135) Physic nut leaf with chlorosis caused by Retithrips syriacus; (136) Rose leaves with chlorosis caused by Retithrips syriacus; (137) Guanandi leaves with bronzing caused by Selenothrips rubrocinctus; (138) Liquidambar styraciflua leaves with chlorosis caused by Selenothrips rubrocinctus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397518/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Fig. 134</figureCitation>
). It appears that records of three of the four currently recognised species in this genus in
<collectingCountry id="F3427653FFB9FFF2FC71DDC1FA7FF0D3" box="[1019,1087,1971,1997]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">Brazil</collectingCountry>
are from Southeast and South. In central (Caatinga biome) and western (Cerrado and Amazon biomes) northeast, the only species recorded was
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFB9FFF1FA0BDDA5FF79F7AF" authorityName="Xie, Mound &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="215" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisensibilis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFB9FFF1FA0BDDA5FF79F7AF" italics="true" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="13" pageNumber="214">H. longisensibilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFBAFFF1FE05DAE5FFBCF7AF" authorityName="Nakahara, O'Donnell &amp; Mound" authorityYear="2015" box="[399,508,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFBAFFF1FE05DAE5FFBCF7AF" box="[399,508,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">H. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded in
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFBAFFF1FD4BDAE5FA4BF7AF" authority="(Nakahara et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Nakahara" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[705,1035,150,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bahia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
Bahia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B32FFBAFFF1FC98DAE5FA43F7AF" author="Nakahara, S. &amp; O'Donnell, C. &amp; Mound, L. A." box="[786,1027,150,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" pagination="578 - 584" refId="ref18197" refString="Nakahara, S., O'Donnell, C. &amp; Mound, L. A. (2015) Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis and its relatives, with one new species and one new genus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Zootaxa, 4021 (4), 578 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4021.4.7" type="journal article" year="2015">
Nakahara
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFBAFFF1FC0DDAE5FDFAF7AF" box="[903,954,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFBAFFF1FBCEDAE5FB61F7AF" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1092,1313,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFBAFFF1FBCEDAE5FB61F7AF" box="[1092,1313,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">H. haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="4991F821FFBAFFF1FAC2DAE5FBDCF7AF" box="[1352,1436,151,177]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Paraíba</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="4991F821FFBAFFF1FF42DAC9FF61F7CB" box="[200,289,187,213]" country="Brazil" name="Sergipe" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Sergipe</collectingRegion>
. Collections from Northern
<collectingCountry id="F3427653FFBAFFF1FDEADAC9FCE4F7CB" box="[608,676,187,213]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Amazon biome) included
<taxonomicName id="4C554D40FFBAFFF1FC57DAC9FAE2F7CB" authorityName="Xie, Mound &amp; Zhang" authorityYear="2019" box="[989,1186,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisensibilis">
<emphasis id="B921EAD1FFBAFFF1FC57DAC9FAE2F7CB" box="[989,1186,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">H. longisensibilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and also a potentially undescribed species. The members of this genus have the antennae 8-segmented, with simple sense cones on segments III and IV, and segment VIII long and slender (
<figureCitation id="136E2A46FFBAFFF1FD73DB71FD3EF603" box="[761,894,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 3451" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-21@20.[151,1435,181,1757]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 3451. Panchaetothripinae species. Antenna 3447: (34) Arachisothrips millsi; (35) Brachyurothrips anomalus; (36) Bradinothrips williamsi; (37) Caliothrips cangaceiro sp. n.; (38) Caliothrips punctipennis; (39) Dinurothrips vezenyii; (40) Elixothrips brevisetis; (41) Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis; (42) Heliothrips longisensibilis; (43) Heliothrips similis; (44) Heliothrips zucchi; (45) Hoodothrips constrictus; (46) Hoodothrips lineatus; (47) Selenothrips rubrocinctus; (48) Brachyurothrips anomalus (head); (49) Caliothrips punctipennis (head and thorax); head and pronotum 5051: (50) Caliothrips phaseoli; (51) Caliothrips nanus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397500/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Figs 4144</figureCitation>
). The fore wing apex is rounded, and the veinal setae very small.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>