treatments-xml/data/03/F7/77/03F777535B61FFE7D6A0FA297484F093.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

186 lines
22 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="F59201C1F94F81C741BB7FD306B3C32F" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4244.1.1SLASH10518" ID-CLB-Dataset="36256" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4244.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="05f1a37b-29f3-4bca-a735-178a3373bb8a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="400400" ID-ZooBank="781D71C8-4632-4D1B-8D82-F77CA1146029" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1489738266586" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hogans, W. E." docDate="2017" docId="03F777535B61FFE7D6A0FA297484F093" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4244.1.1SLASH10518.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4244 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pennella instructa Wilson 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFCE0F2B5B77FFFFD637FFC57039F11B" masterDocTitle="Review of Pennella Oken, 1816 (Copepoda: Pennellidae) with a description of Pennella benzi sp. nov., a parasite of Escolar, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Pisces) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698438091026" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="B0704882E61C0E5FE162D657A1E45D4E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B5B1BD93C83064E417930B0D2D80466A">
<mods:title id="E6EBB69100ED618B98D35F10B7009E0A">Review of Pennella Oken, 1816 (Copepoda: Pennellidae) with a description of Pennella benzi sp. nov., a parasite of Escolar, Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Pisces) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9EB36C4EF3E2F7858E2D36E2F93B1190" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A214C370855C5869660AEC5F03033FFA">
<mods:roleTerm id="D6A7F4FA40CAB0CD9F2F955F280E9646">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="506DAF237A72D46AE23951FB05C90A97">Hogans, W. E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="BEF545F9EE39655B362C689C37F6212A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="FD63329513881B595CDF5140334113C1" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8D656EF49C80D1106C59D4969E21C914">
<mods:title id="113533B95D11E6E08A7A8EE96AAB8769">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6D233C6824AA5BA7487679FBE642F26B">
<mods:date id="155CFDD9EB87B5727BF99C35EE34F1D4">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="30CE29FA12E075249C089EEC7ABC9391" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A67A73205D7A597E97F0D882BBF5D96B">4244</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="DE85C076B4612710D6CE4AB316B4A75E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="FCCEEC53C1C103FC8E94305B695AB526">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="9EFBB481EA30B794E980F96B230C7AB4" unit="page">
<mods:start id="B422BBBE32D94748817BFEFDE1EC8C86">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D8905B03315C7B5C90CFCC9F7F3AC223">38</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="BC4D8859385ACF5CD81E9751AA7BCE26">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7F6A484491ED3359A1A65DD87709A4A5" type="CLB-Dataset">36256</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9B2CF61ABF9CCC4E7A1C395089B129DD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4244.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E39A2EBA6577934C2FBA9826E63C286A" type="GBIF-Dataset">05f1a37b-29f3-4bca-a735-178a3373bb8a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="69235084BC774C33684B78EAB7087B78" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8637528E264ECE31A7503D99CB14AEBA" type="Zenodo-Dep">400400</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="31252C63C3310146ED815B55F1201306" type="ZooBank">781D71C8-4632-4D1B-8D82-F77CA1146029</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F777535B61FFE7D6A0FA297484F093" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052563" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127847788" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6052563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F777535B61FFE7D6A0FA297484F093" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F777535B61FFE7D6A0FA297484F093" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="C34495CE5B61FFE9D6A0FA2970C1F73C" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE1C6455B61FFE9D6A0FA297224F71D" blockId="22.[151,541,1516,1575]" box="[151,541,1516,1542]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0A971295B61FFE9D6A0FA297224F71D" bold="true" box="[151,541,1516,1542]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B61FFE9D6A0FA297224F71D" authority="Wilson, 1917" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,541,1516,1542]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="instructa">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D6A0FA297224F71D" bold="true" box="[151,541,1516,1542]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D6A0FA29714CF71D" bold="true" box="[151,373,1516,1542]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pennella instructa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B61FFE9D74BFA297224F71D" author="Wilson" box="[380,541,1516,1542]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Wilson, C. B. (1917) North American parasitic copepods belonging to the family Lernaeidae with a revision of the entire family. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 53, 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1917">Wilson, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1C6455B61FFE9D6A0F9CB70C1F73C" blockId="22.[151,541,1516,1575]" box="[151,248,1550,1575]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
(
<figureCitation id="1365DAC05B61FFE9D6A8F9CB70C8F73C" box="[159,241,1550,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[166,1434,209,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1435,191,1862]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Pennella instructa, a. habitus, ventral; b. cephalothorax, ventral; c. cephalothorax (different specimen), ventral; d. first antenna, dorsal; e. terminal segment, second antenna, dorsal; f. abdominal plumes (b, c from Hogans 1986). Scale bars: a = 5.0 mm; b, c = 3.0 mm; d, e = 0.02 mm; f = 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400411/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34495CE5B61FFE9D6A0F9937286F774" box="[151,703,1622,1647]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE1C6455B61FFE9D6A0F9937286F774" blockId="22.[151,1436,1622,2007]" box="[151,703,1622,1647]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D6A0F9937120F774" bold="true" box="[151,281,1622,1647]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Synonyms.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B61FFE9D717F9937286F774" authority="Kirtisinghe, 1933" authorityName="Kirtisinghe" authorityYear="1933" box="[288,703,1622,1647]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zeylanica">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D717F99371CDF774" box="[288,500,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pennella zeylanica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B61FFE9D7CCF9937286F774" author="Kirtisinghe" box="[507,703,1622,1647]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Kirtisinghe, P. (1933) Two new parasitic copepods from Ceylon. Parasitology, 24 (4), 548 - 551. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 003118200002093 X" type="journal article" year="1933">Kirtisinghe, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34495CE5B61FFE9D6F0F9BF728FF7E4" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE1C6455B61FFE9D6F0F9BF7382F788" blockId="22.[151,1436,1622,2007]" box="[199,955,1658,1683]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D6F0F9BF71EBF788" bold="true" box="[199,466,1658,1683]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type host and locality.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B61FFE9D7EEF9BF72BEF788" box="[473,647,1658,1683]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Xiphiidae" genus="Xiphias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gladius">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D7EEF9BF72BEF788" box="[473,647,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Xiphias gladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, northwest Atlantic Ocean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE1C6455B61FFE9D6F0F95B728FF7E4" blockId="22.[151,1436,1622,2007]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D6F0F95B7158F7AC" bold="true" box="[199,353,1694,1719]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Morphology.</emphasis>
Size:
<quantity id="4CA66BA05B61FFE9D792F95B7205F7AD" box="[421,572,1694,1719]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" metricValueMax="1.63" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="142.5" valueMax="163.0" valueMin="122.0">122163 mm</quantity>
. Papillae: full coverage, generally spherical, variable in size and shape, found in distinct bands or groups. Holdfasts: two lateral only. First antenna with five segments, second with two segments. Plumes: dendritic, complex branching
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34495CE5B61FFE7D6F0F8CF7484F093" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE1C6455B61FFE7D6F0F8CF7484F093" blockId="22.[151,1436,1622,2007]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D6F0F8CF7102F638" bold="true" box="[199,315,1802,1827]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</emphasis>
A valid species. One of the largest species of
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D57BF8CF738EF638" box="[844,951,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B61FFE9D57BF8CF738AF638" box="[844,947,1802,1827]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pennella</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Found on swordfish (
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D284F8CF752BF638" box="[1203,1298,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B61FFE9D284F8CF7533F638" box="[1203,1290,1802,1827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Xiphiidae" genus="Xiphias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Xiphias</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
and sailfish (
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B61FFE9D697F8EB7119F65C" box="[160,288,1838,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Istiophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D697F8EB7119F65C" box="[160,288,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Istiophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans and Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B61FFE9D205F8EB74FEF65C" author="Wilson" box="[1074,1223,1838,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Wilson, C. B. (1917) North American parasitic copepods belonging to the family Lernaeidae with a revision of the entire family. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 53, 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1917">Wilson 1917</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B61FFE9D2E2F8EB75AEF65C" author="Kirtisinghe" box="[1237,1431,1838,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Kirtisinghe, P. (1932) Pennella zeylanica n. sp. a parasitic copepod of Histiophorous gladius Day. Parasitology, 24, 137 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000020473" type="journal article" year="1932">Kirtisinghe 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B61FFE9D6A0F897718FF670" author="Devaraj" box="[151,438,1874,1899]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Devaraj, M. &amp; Bennet, S. P. (1972) Pennella instructa Wilson (Copepoda) parasitic on the sailfish, Ichthyophorus platycephalus (Shaw and Nodder). Indian Journal of Fisheries, 19 (1), 3 - 5." type="journal article" year="1972">Devaraj &amp; Bennet 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B61FFE9D7F0F8967296F670" author="Hogans" box="[455,687,1874,1899]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Hogans, W. E., Brattey, J. &amp; Hurlbut, T. R. (1985) Pennella filosa L. and Pennella instucta from swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Parasitology, 71 (1), 111 - 112." type="journal article" year="1985">
Hogans
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D41EF8917266F670" box="[553,607,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
. 1985
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B61FFE9D488F89772C2F670" author="Hogans" box="[703,763,1874,1899]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Hogans, W. E. (1986) Redescription of Pennella instructa Wilson, 1917 (Copepoda: Pennellidae) from the swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 727 - 730." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B61FFE9D53BF8967399F670" author="Speare" box="[780,928,1874,1899]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Speare, P. (1995) Parasites as biological tags for sailfish, Istiophorous platycephalus from east coast Australian waters. Marine Progress Series, 118, 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="1995">Speare 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B61FFE9D586F8977489F670" author="Mattiucci" box="[945,1200,1874,1899]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Mattiucci, S., Farina, V., Garcia, A., Santos, M. N., Marinello, L. &amp; Nascetti, G. (2005) Metazoan parasite infections of swordfish (Xiphias gladius L., 1758) from the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Gibraltar waters: implications for stock assessment. International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, Collected Scientific Papers, 58 (4), 1470 - 1482." type="journal article" year="2005">
Mattiucci
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D21EF8917467F670" box="[1065,1118,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B61FFE9D2FFF89775A5F670" box="[1224,1436,1874,1899]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="instructa">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D2FFF89775A5F670" box="[1224,1436,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pennella instructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
superficially resembles another large
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D475F8B3732BF694" box="[578,786,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B61FFE9D475F8B37291F694" box="[578,680,1910,1935]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pennella</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B61FFE9D481F8B2732BF694" box="[694,786,1910,1935]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filosa">P. filosa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
which is found on the same host species and sometimes found on the same individual host (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B61FFE9D419F85E7337F6A8" author="Hogans" box="[558,782,1946,1971]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Hogans, W. E., Brattey, J. &amp; Hurlbut, T. R. (1985) Pennella filosa L. and Pennella instucta from swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Parasitology, 71 (1), 111 - 112." type="journal article" year="1985">
Hogans
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D4B8F85972FBF6A8" box="[655,706,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
. 1985
</bibRefCitation>
). Well-executed original description and figures (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B61FFE9D373F85F70EAF6CC" author="Wilson" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Wilson, C. B. (1917) North American parasitic copepods belonging to the family Lernaeidae with a revision of the entire family. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 53, 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1917">Wilson, 1917</bibRefCitation>
); redescribed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B61FFE9D7A5F87A7205F6CC" author="Hogans" box="[402,572,1982,2007]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Hogans, W. E. (1986) Redescription of Pennella instructa Wilson, 1917 (Copepoda: Pennellidae) from the swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 727 - 730." type="journal article" year="1986">Hogans (1986)</bibRefCitation>
. This parasite exhibits two lateral holdfast horns only (
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B61FFE9D28EF87A752BF6CC" box="[1209,1298,1982,2007]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filosa">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B61FFE9D28EF87A752BF6CC" box="[1209,1298,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. filosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have three), always directed posteriorly, and a cephalothoracic papillae field which is configured in distinct bands (on
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B6FFFE7D3B0FF5C70ECF1CE" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filosa">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B6FFFE7D3B0FF5C70ECF1CE" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. filosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the papillae are random, not organized in groups or bands).
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B6FFFE7D5AEFF797453F1CF" box="[921,1130,188,213]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="instructa">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B6FFFE7D5AEFF797453F1CF" box="[921,1130,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pennella instructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a two-segmented first antenna;
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B6FFFE7D6C9FF247160F1E3" box="[254,345,223,248]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filosa">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B6FFFE7D6C9FF247160F1E3" box="[254,345,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. filosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits 3 segments on this appendage.
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B6FFFE7D512FF1A73CCF1E3" box="[805,1013,223,248]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="instructa">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B6FFFE7D512FF1A73CCF1E3" box="[805,1013,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pennella instructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits a somewhat variable second antenna, the structure of the terminal segment is not consistent between specimens; whether this is due to age, atrophy or site of infestation is not known. Unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B6FFFE7D4E6FEEC7312F05B" box="[721,811,295,320]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filosa">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B6FFFE7D4E6FEEC7312F05B" box="[721,811,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. filosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which generally infests only muscle tissue,
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC65B6FFFE7D32BFEEC75A5F05B" box="[1308,1436,297,320]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Pennellidae" genus="Pennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="instructa">
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B6FFFE7D32BFEEC75A5F05B" box="[1308,1436,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">P. instructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often found with the cephalothorax embedded in the tissues of an individual organ (ex: ovaries) or inserted into the dorsal aorta of the heart of the host (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B6FFFE7D461FEAA72D3F093" author="Wilson" box="[598,746,367,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Wilson, C. B. (1932) Copepods of the Woods Hole region Massachusetts. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, No. 158, 1 - 635." type="book chapter" year="1932">Wilson 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B6FFFE7D4C2FEB573F2F093" author="Hogans" box="[757,971,367,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Hogans, W. E., Brattey, J. &amp; Hurlbut, T. R. (1985) Pennella filosa L. and Pennella instucta from swordfish (Xiphias gladius L.) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Parasitology, 71 (1), 111 - 112." type="journal article" year="1985">
Hogans
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B6FFFE7D566FEB473B8F093" box="[849,897,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
. 1985
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB45B6FFFE7D5E0FEAA7488F093" author="Merella" box="[983,1201,367,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Merella, P., Zucca, D. &amp; Garippa, G. (2003) Contribution to the knowledge of the ectoparasites of swordfish, Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758 from the western Mediterranean. Revista Ibercia Parasitologica, 63 (3 - 4), 117 - 120." type="journal article" year="2003">
Merella
<emphasis id="B92A1A575B6FFFE7D202FEB4745CF093" box="[1077,1125,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>