1068 lines
146 KiB
XML
1068 lines
146 KiB
XML
<document id="8AE9ECAB7DF09180AAF8F77C95D80016" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="830f3951-f6ca-4d22-a5d3-592d13725245" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242673" ID-ZooBank="FB91099C-5EEA-42DB-A734-2DCB37992503" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461040358111" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sparks, John S. & Chakrabarty, Prosanta" docDate="2015" docId="038687F3EA10FF9FFF325715C445FA99" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03947p190.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3947 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Photolateralis Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2015, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="FFBFFF8BEA11FF99FFA55014C713FFA9" masterDocTitle="Description of a new genus of ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), with a review of the current generic-level composition of the family" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="181" pageNumber="182" updateTime="1698575421103" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="A4467701CA7E5F227D34225E63BE7027" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="46C7399843BE48EF746ACDE05F719815">
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<mods:title id="91A20533F41680B470C01788EC102827">Description of a new genus of ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), with a review of the current generic-level composition of the family</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A5CE973D0C5F13910CC6B7906CC17D01">Sparks, John S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="944B53BE05C311464EEE77FD752E8D3D">Chakrabarty, Prosanta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5BAB664C54224DC97C62A0D2FF274BD7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A8C9E70B3430CC9D7BA7AB22C7FDBCA4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D99B2430CBC70E32259C6C2A49942520">
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<mods:date id="A08AA4B41516E87D2066BCE07FE2721C">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DDAE03C83259A702FEC47FB9C6FA7E8A">3947</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038687F3EA10FF9FFF325715C445FA99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6112536" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119609691" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6112536" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038687F3EA10FF9FFF325715C445FA99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687F3EA10FF9FFF325715C445FA99" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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<subSubSection id="C335656EEA10FF98FF325715C64FF894" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA10FF98FF325715C6C3F8B5" blockId="1.[151,464,1793,1853]" box="[151,464,1793,1820]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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<heading id="D0D88189EA10FF98FF325715C6C3F8B5" bold="true" box="[151,464,1793,1820]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA10FF98FF325715C6C3F8B5" bold="true" box="[151,464,1793,1820]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA10FF98FF325715C653F8B2" box="[151,320,1793,1819]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA10FF98FF325715C653F8B2" bold="true" box="[151,320,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A268578CEA10FF98FEEA5716C6C3F8B5" box="[335,464,1794,1820]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA10FF98FF325730C64FF894" blockId="1.[151,464,1793,1853]" box="[151,348,1828,1853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA10FF98FF3B5730C63BF894" box="[158,296,1828,1853]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox-0="[356,1234,242,1574]" captionTargetBox-1="[313,1273,625,1860]" captionTargetBox-2="[324,1254,193,1704]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[276,1310,193,1637]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[313,1273,625,1861]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[324,1254,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Internal and external features of light-organ system (LOS) in members of Photolateralis. (A) Male P. stercorarius external LOS anatomy. (B) Male P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. (C) Female P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. Figure abbreviations: es = esophagus, g = gut, gb = gas bladder, lo = circumesophageal light organ, mls = translucent midlateral stripe. Stippled region on posterolateral region of gas bladder corresponds to clearing of silvery guanine lining in region internal to translucent mid-lateral stripe. Yellow region on light organ corresponds to “ window ” that is directed and opens into the gas bladder." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Species of Photolateralis illustrating phenotypic variability of translucent mid-lateral stripe characteristic of genus. (A) P. stercorarius, USNM 55906, holotype, 83.8 mm SL, Philippines. (B) P. moretoniensis, AMS I. 22983001, non-type, 76.9 mm SL, Australia. (C) P. antongil, AMNH 236544, holotype, 75.0 mm SL, Madagascar." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Comparison of internal and external anatomy of LOS in sister genera Equulites and Photolateralis, new genus: (A) Translucent lateral flank stripe comprised of discrete “ windows ” in male Photolateralis stercorarius (SIO 96 - 96, 98.2 mm SL, Philippines). (B) Internal anatomy of LOS in male P. stercorarius (AMNH uncat., [VN- 2010 - 11], 73.1 mm SL, Vietnam). Note comparatively small donut shaped, spotted light organ and posterior lateral clearing of silvery gas bladder lining. (C) Expansive translucent, triangular lateral flank patch characteristic of male members of Equulites (E. elongatus, UMMZ uncat., [PVD 82 - 06 / 19 a LE], 76.4 mm SL, Japan). (D) Internal anatomy of LOS in male E. elongatus (UMMZ uncat., 68.0 mm SL, Japan). Note greatly enlarged dorsolateral light-organ lobes in Equulites that extend posteriorly well into gas bladder, and lateral clearing of silvery guanine layer running entire length of gas bladder. Light organs circled in yellow. Figure abbreviations: gb = gas bladder, mls = translucent mid-lateral stripe, tp = translucent, triangular lateral flank patch." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/242675/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/242676/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/242677/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Figures 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C335656EEA10FF98FF325778C466F808" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA10FF98FF325778C466F808" blockId="1.[151,1036,1900,1953]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA10FF98FF325778C60DF82B" box="[151,286,1900,1922]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photoplagios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA10FF98FF325778C60DF82B" box="[151,286,1900,1922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Photoplagios</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in part:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA10FF98FED65778C520F82B" author="Sparks" box="[371,563,1900,1923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" refString="Sparks, J. S., Dunlap, P. V. & Smith, W. L. (2005) Evolution and diversification of a sexually dimorphic luminescent system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), including diagnoses for two new genera. Cladistics, 21, 305 - 327. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2005.00067. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Sparks
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA10FF98FE1B577AC6E2F82B" box="[446,497,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA10FF98FD985778C5C2F82B" author="Sparks" box="[573,721,1900,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" refString="Sparks, J. S. (2006 b) A new species of ponyfish (Teleostei: Leiognathidae: Photoplagios) from Madagascar, with a phylogeny for Photoplagios and comments on the status of Equula lineolata Valenciennes. American Museum Novitates, 3526, 1 - 21. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2006) 3526 [1: ANSOPT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">Sparks, 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sparks and Chakrabarty, 2007
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA10FF98FF32579FC7E4F808" ID-CoL="4DLN" box="[151,247,1931,1953]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA10FF98FF32579FC7E4F808" box="[151,247,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in part:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA10FF98FEEE579FC50CF808" author="Kimura" box="[331,543,1931,1953]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" refString="Kimura, S., Motomura, H. & Iwatsuki, Y. (2008 a) Equulites Fowler 1904, a senior synonym of Photoplagios Sparks, Dunlap, and Smith 2005 (Perciformes: Leiognathidae). Ichthyological Research, 55, 204 - 205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 008 - 0041 - 6" type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Kimura
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA10FF98FE3A5798C6C1F808" box="[415,466,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA10FF98FD8F579FC438F808" author="Chakrabarty" box="[554,811,1931,1953]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" refString="Chakrabarty, P., Davis, M. P., Smith, W. L., Berquist, R., Gledhill, K., Frank, L. & Sparks, J. S. (2011 a) Evolution of the light organ system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). Journal of Morphology, 272, 704 - 721. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10941" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Chakrabarty
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA10FF98FD085798C5F3F808" box="[685,736,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA10FF98FC93579FC466F808" author="Chakrabarty" box="[822,885,1931,1953]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" refString="Chakrabarty, P., Davis, M. P., Smith, W. L., Baldwin, Z. H. & Sparks, J. S. (2011 b) Is sexual selection driving diversification of the bioluminescent ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae)? Molecular Ecology, 20, 2818 - 2834. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2011.05112. x" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="b">2011b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C335656EEA10FF9BFF3257DAC215F8C3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA10FF9BFF3257DAC215F8C3" blockId="1.[151,925,1998,2023]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,1873,2006]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA10FF98FF3257DAC627F84E" bold="true" box="[151,308,1998,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA10FF98FF3257DAC7C1F84E" box="[151,210,1998,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA10FF9BFE9E57DAC61CF8C3" authority="(Evermann & Seale, 1907) Other" authorityName="(Evermann & Seale, 1907) Other" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="183" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stercorarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA10FF98FE9E57DAC579F84F" box="[315,618,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Photolateralis stercorarius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA10FF98FDDC57DBC486F84E" author="Evermann" box="[633,917,1998,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" refString="Evermann, B. W., & Seale, A. (1907) Fishes of the Philippine Islands. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 26 (1906), 49 - 110." type="journal article" year="1907">Evermann & Seale, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFF625745C61CF8C3" bold="true" box="[199,271,1873,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Other</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA13FF9BFE415745C4C6F8C0" authority="Ogilby, 1912" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1912" box="[484,981,1873,1898]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moretoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFE415745C43BF8C0" box="[484,808,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Photolateralis moretoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA13FF9BFC935745C4DEF8C0" author="Ogilby" box="[822,973,1873,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" refString="Ogilby, J. D. (1912) On some Queensland fishes. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 1, 26 - 65." type="journal article" year="1912">Ogilby, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA13FF9BFC445746C215F8C3" authority="Sparks, 2006" authorityName="Sparks" authorityYear="2006" box="[993,1286,1873,1898]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antongil">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFC445746C34AF8C0" box="[993,1113,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">P. antongil</emphasis>
|
||
(Sparks, 2006)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF50666DEA13FF9BFF32566EC625F883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242675/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" targetBox="[356,1234,242,1574]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA13FF9BFF32566EC625F883" blockId="2.[151,1437,1658,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFF32566EC601F926" bold="true" box="[151,274,1658,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Internal and external features of light-organ system (LOS) in members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA13FF9BFBA3566EC384F939" box="[1030,1175,1658,1680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFBA3566EC384F939" box="[1030,1175,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA13FF9BFAAD566FC28FF939" box="[1288,1436,1659,1680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stercorarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFAAD566FC28FF939" box="[1288,1436,1659,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">P. stercorarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
external LOS anatomy. (B) Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA13FF9BFE5F568EC582F906" box="[506,657,1690,1711]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stercorarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFE5F568EC582F906" box="[506,657,1690,1711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">P. stercorarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
internal LOS anatomy. (C) Female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA13FF9BFBAA568EC3B5F906" box="[1039,1190,1690,1711]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stercorarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFBAA568EC3B5F906" box="[1039,1190,1690,1711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">P. stercorarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
internal LOS anatomy. Figure abbreviations: es = esophagus, g = gut, gb = gas bladder, lo = circumesophageal light organ, mls = translucent midlateral stripe. Stippled region on posterolateral region of gas bladder corresponds to clearing of silvery guanine lining in region internal to translucent mid-lateral stripe. Yellow region on light organ corresponds to “window” that is directed and opens into the gas bladder.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C335656EEA13FF9AFF625761C7E2FD94" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA13FF9BFF625761C289F87C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1873,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFF625761C652F827" bold="true" box="[199,321,1909,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA13FF9BFE435761C595F824" box="[486,646,1909,1933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFE435761C595F824" box="[486,646,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinguished from all other leiognathids by the presence of a translucent flank stripe, which depending on the species, may be comprised of either a continuous mid-lateral stripe (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA13FF9BFF0557AAC60BF87C" box="[160,280,1981,2005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antongil">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFF0557AAC60BF87C" box="[160,280,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">P. antongil</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or a composite stripe comprised of numerous independent translucent windows (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA13FF9BFB1557AAC240F87C" box="[1200,1363,1982,2005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stercorarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFB1557AAC240F87C" box="[1200,1363,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">P. stercorarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA13FF9BFA2257AAC289F87C" box="[1415,1434,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA12FF9AFF32508CC7E2FD94" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFF32508CC620FF06" box="[151,307,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moretoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFF32508CC620FF06" box="[151,307,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">moretoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFEDE508CC508FF19" box="[379,539,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFEDE508CC508FF19" box="[379,539,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the translucent lateral stripe is either lacking entirely in females, or is considerably less developed. Internally and externally members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFC3450A8C322FF7D" box="[913,1073,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFC3450A8C322FF7D" box="[913,1073,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from their sister genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFE9750F4C68FFF51" box="[306,412,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFE9750F4C68FFF51" box="[306,412,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by morphology of the light-organ system. Externally, male members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFAA150F4C27DFF51" box="[1284,1390,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFAA150F4C27DFF51" box="[1284,1390,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are characterized by an expansive translucent triangular, cornucopia-shaped, or trapezoidal patch on the flank, in contrast to a continuous or composite mid-lateral stripe comprised of numerous independent translucent windows in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFF125158C644FECD" box="[183,343,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFF125158C644FECD" box="[183,343,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although both genera share lateral clearing of the guanine-lined internal gas bladder surface corresponding to the location of the translucent external patch or stripe, clearing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFBFC5164C3D0FE21" box="[1113,1219,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFBFC5164C3D0FE21" box="[1113,1219,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more extensive, extending the full length of the gas bladder, whereas clearing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFCCA5180C31CFE05" box="[879,1039,404,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFCCA5180C31CFE05" box="[879,1039,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to the posterior region of the gas bladder. The light organ in male members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFCA651ACC47EFE79" box="[771,877,440,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFCA651ACC47EFE79" box="[771,877,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is greatly enlarged, with paired dorsolateral lobes extending posteriorly well into the gas bladder (less
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFD5A51C9C49AFE5D" box="[767,905,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leuciscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFD5A51C9C49AFE5D" box="[767,905,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">E. leuciscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in contrast to a moderately enlarged donutshaped light organ in male members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFDC75214C411FDB1" box="[610,770,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFDC75214C411FDB1" box="[610,770,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that extends at most only slightly posteriorly into the gas bladder.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF50666DEA12FF9AFF32574FC35AF807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242676/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" targetBox="[313,1273,625,1860]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA12FF9AFF32574FC35AF807" blockId="3.[151,1436,1883,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFF32574FC604F8D9" bold="true" box="[151,279,1883,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFE3E574FC53FF8D8" box="[411,556,1883,1905]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFE3E574FC53FF8D8" box="[411,556,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrating phenotypic variability of translucent mid-lateral stripe characteristic of genus. (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFEA2576FC689F839" box="[263,410,1915,1936]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stercorarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFEA2576FC689F839" box="[263,410,1915,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">P. stercorarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 55906, holotype, 83.8mm SL, Philippines. (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFC68576FC360F839" box="[973,1139,1915,1936]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moretoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFC68576FC360F839" box="[973,1139,1915,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">P. moretoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, AMS I.22983001, non-type, 76.9 mm SL, Australia. (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA12FF9AFE16578DC50CF807" box="[435,543,1944,1966]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antongil">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA12FF9AFE16578DC50CF807" box="[435,543,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">P. antongil</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, AMNH 236544, holotype, 75.0 mm SL, Madagascar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF50666DEA15FF9DFF3256C1C33CF849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242677/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" targetBox="[324,1254,193,1704]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA15FF9DFF3256C1C33CF849" blockId="4.[151,1436,1749,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA15FF9DFF3256C1C601F943" bold="true" box="[151,274,1749,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of internal and external anatomy of LOS in sister genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA15FF9DFC7156C1C327F942" box="[980,1076,1749,1771]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA15FF9DFC7156C1C327F942" box="[980,1076,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA15FF9DFBC156C1C3E6F942" box="[1124,1269,1749,1771]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA15FF9DFBC156C1C3E6F942" box="[1124,1269,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A268578CEA15FF9DFAA456C2C263F942" box="[1281,1392,1750,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: (A) Translucent lateral flank stripe comprised of discrete “windows” in male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA15FF9DFC2656E0C385F8A3" box="[899,1174,1780,1802]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stercorarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA15FF9DFC2656E0C385F8A3" box="[899,1174,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Photolateralis stercorarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SIO 96-96, 98.2mm SL, Philippines). (B) Internal anatomy of LOS in male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA15FF9DFD3F5707C43EF881" box="[666,813,1811,1832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stercorarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA15FF9DFD3F5707C43EF881" box="[666,813,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">P. stercorarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH uncat., [VN-2010-11], 73.1 mm SL, Vietnam). Note comparatively small donut shaped, spotted light organ and posterior lateral clearing of silvery gas bladder lining. (C) Expansive translucent, triangular lateral flank patch characteristic of male members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA15FF9DFC38575BC4EEF8CC" box="[925,1021,1871,1893]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA15FF9DFC38575BC4EEF8CC" box="[925,1021,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA15FF9DFBA95745C398F8CC" box="[1036,1163,1871,1894]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA15FF9DFBA95745C398F8CC" box="[1036,1163,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">E. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, UMMZ uncat., [PVD 82- 06/19a LE], 76.4 mm SL, Japan). (D) Internal anatomy of LOS in male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA15FF9DFCCC577BC4F4F82D" box="[873,999,1902,1924]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA15FF9DFCCC577BC4F4F82D" box="[873,999,1902,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">E. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UMMZ uncat., 68.0 mm SL, Japan). Note greatly enlarged dorsolateral light-organ lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA15FF9DFD295799C5FFF80A" box="[652,748,1933,1955]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA15FF9DFD295799C5FFF80A" box="[652,748,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that extend posteriorly well into gas bladder, and lateral clearing of silvery guanine layer running entire length of gas bladder. Light organs circled in yellow. Figure abbreviations: gb = gas bladder, mls = translucent mid-lateral stripe, tp = translucent, triangular lateral flank patch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C335656EEA14FF9CFF625083C28EF874" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA14FF9CFF625083C51CFDC9" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFF625083C53AFF19" bold="true" box="[199,553,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Discussion and comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
Aside from features of the light-organ system (LOS), leiognathids are, in general, morphologically conservative and non-descript silvery fishes with an external appearance that superficially resembles mojarras (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFD8150CBC58AFF51" box="[548,665,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gerreidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gerreidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with which they are often confused. However, all leiognathids possess a circumesophageal light organ that contains symbiotic luminescent bacteria (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFB215110C22BFEB5" box="[1156,1336,260,284]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Vibrionaceae" genus="Photobacterium" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Vibrionales" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFB215110C22BFEB5" box="[1156,1336,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Photobacterium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), whose luminescence the fish co-opt for photic communication and predator avoidance (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFB825133C29CFEE9" author="McFall-Ngai" box="[1063,1423,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="McFall-Ngai, M. J. & Dunlap, P. V. (1983) Three new modes of luminescence in the leiognathid fish Gazza minuta: discrete projected luminescence, ventral body flash, and buccal luminescence. Marine Biology, 73, 227 - 237. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00392247" type="journal article" year="1983">McFall-Ngai and Dunlap, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas gerreids are not bioluminescent. In a majority of leiognathid species, comprising all members of the subfamily Gazzinae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFE36517BC6CFFE21" box="[403,476,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1307,1329]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,309,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,303,1285]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Generic level phylogeny for Leiognathidae after Chakrabarty et al. (2011 b) indicating placement of Photolateralis, new genus (in boldface type)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242674/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), the light organ and associated internal and external anatomical features (e.g., translucent windows/stripes and gas bladder clearing) are sexually dimorphic and both intra- and intergenerically variable in morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFE0E51A3C593FE79" author="Sparks" box="[427,640,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Sparks, J. S., Dunlap, P. V. & Smith, W. L. (2005) Evolution and diversification of a sexually dimorphic luminescent system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), including diagnoses for two new genera. Cladistics, 21, 305 - 327. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2005.00067. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Sparks
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFE5A51ADC524FE79" box="[511,567,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFD2F51A3C5CBFE79" box="[650,728,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[324,1254,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[324,1254,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of internal and external anatomy of LOS in sister genera Equulites and Photolateralis, new genus: (A) Translucent lateral flank stripe comprised of discrete “ windows ” in male Photolateralis stercorarius (SIO 96 - 96, 98.2 mm SL, Philippines). (B) Internal anatomy of LOS in male P. stercorarius (AMNH uncat., [VN- 2010 - 11], 73.1 mm SL, Vietnam). Note comparatively small donut shaped, spotted light organ and posterior lateral clearing of silvery gas bladder lining. (C) Expansive translucent, triangular lateral flank patch characteristic of male members of Equulites (E. elongatus, UMMZ uncat., [PVD 82 - 06 / 19 a LE], 76.4 mm SL, Japan). (D) Internal anatomy of LOS in male E. elongatus (UMMZ uncat., 68.0 mm SL, Japan). Note greatly enlarged dorsolateral light-organ lobes in Equulites that extend posteriorly well into gas bladder, and lateral clearing of silvery guanine layer running entire length of gas bladder. Light organs circled in yellow. Figure abbreviations: gb = gas bladder, mls = translucent mid-lateral stripe, tp = translucent, triangular lateral flank patch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242677/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
–8). This integrated LOS provides a rich set of phylogenetically informative characters for diagnosing both genera and species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFCFB51C8C48CFE5D" box="[862,927,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1307,1329]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,309,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,303,1285]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Generic level phylogeny for Leiognathidae after Chakrabarty et al. (2011 b) indicating placement of Photolateralis, new genus (in boldface type)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242674/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The unique anatomical features of the LOS facilitate the transmission of bacterially-generated luminescence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFCD751EBC355FDB1" author="Sparks" box="[882,1094,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Sparks, J. S., Dunlap, P. V. & Smith, W. L. (2005) Evolution and diversification of a sexually dimorphic luminescent system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), including diagnoses for two new genera. Cladistics, 21, 305 - 327. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2005.00067. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Sparks
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFC635215C4EDFDB1" box="[966,1022,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFBF451EBC278FDB1" author="Chakrabarty" box="[1105,1387,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Chakrabarty, P., Davis, M. P., Smith, W. L., Berquist, R., Gledhill, K., Frank, L. & Sparks, J. S. (2011 a) Evolution of the light organ system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). Journal of Morphology, 272, 704 - 721. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10941" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Chakrabarty
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFB475215C209FDB1" box="[1250,1306,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) via a species-specific translucent lateral patch (or patches) in males of most species that is located in the head region or on the flank (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFE8E5253C510FDC9" author="Sparks" box="[299,515,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Sparks, J. S., Dunlap, P. V. & Smith, W. L. (2005) Evolution and diversification of a sexually dimorphic luminescent system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), including diagnoses for two new genera. Cladistics, 21, 305 - 327. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2005.00067. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Sparks
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFE25525DC6ABFDC9" box="[384,440,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA14FF9CFF625278C41FFC61" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
All members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFE225278C534FD2D" box="[391,551,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFE225278C534FD2D" box="[391,551,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were formerly placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFCF65278C4AEFD2D" box="[851,957,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFCF65278C4AEFD2D" box="[851,957,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFC6B5278C3A4FD2D" author="Kimura" box="[974,1207,620,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Kimura, S., Kimura, R. & Ikejima, K. (2008 b) Revision of the genus Nuchequula with descriptions of three new species (Perciformes: Leiognathidae). Ichthyological Research, 55, 22 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 007 - 0011 - 4" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Kimura
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFB955279C378FD2D" box="[1072,1131,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFB635278C7F3FD01" author="Chakrabarty" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Chakrabarty, P., Davis, M. P., Smith, W. L., Berquist, R., Gledhill, K., Frank, L. & Sparks, J. S. (2011 a) Evolution of the light organ system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). Journal of Morphology, 272, 704 - 721. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 10941" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">Chakrabarty et al., 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFF41529BC7E0FD01" author="Chakrabarty" box="[228,243,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Chakrabarty, P., Davis, M. P., Smith, W. L., Baldwin, Z. H. & Sparks, J. S. (2011 b) Is sexual selection driving diversification of the bioluminescent ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae)? Molecular Ecology, 20, 2818 - 2834. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2011.05112. x" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFEAE5284C6B8FD01" box="[267,427,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFEAE5284C6B8FD01" box="[267,427,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares the presence of translucent lateral flank regions with its sister genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFA975284C28FFD01" box="[1330,1436,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFA975284C28FFD01" box="[1330,1436,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFF3A52A0C602FD65" box="[159,273,692,717]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox-0="[356,1234,242,1574]" captionTargetBox-1="[313,1273,625,1860]" captionTargetBox-2="[324,1254,193,1704]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[276,1310,193,1637]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[313,1273,625,1861]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[324,1254,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Internal and external features of light-organ system (LOS) in members of Photolateralis. (A) Male P. stercorarius external LOS anatomy. (B) Male P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. (C) Female P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. Figure abbreviations: es = esophagus, g = gut, gb = gas bladder, lo = circumesophageal light organ, mls = translucent midlateral stripe. Stippled region on posterolateral region of gas bladder corresponds to clearing of silvery guanine lining in region internal to translucent mid-lateral stripe. Yellow region on light organ corresponds to “ window ” that is directed and opens into the gas bladder." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Species of Photolateralis illustrating phenotypic variability of translucent mid-lateral stripe characteristic of genus. (A) P. stercorarius, USNM 55906, holotype, 83.8 mm SL, Philippines. (B) P. moretoniensis, AMS I. 22983001, non-type, 76.9 mm SL, Australia. (C) P. antongil, AMNH 236544, holotype, 75.0 mm SL, Madagascar." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Comparison of internal and external anatomy of LOS in sister genera Equulites and Photolateralis, new genus: (A) Translucent lateral flank stripe comprised of discrete “ windows ” in male Photolateralis stercorarius (SIO 96 - 96, 98.2 mm SL, Philippines). (B) Internal anatomy of LOS in male P. stercorarius (AMNH uncat., [VN- 2010 - 11], 73.1 mm SL, Vietnam). Note comparatively small donut shaped, spotted light organ and posterior lateral clearing of silvery gas bladder lining. (C) Expansive translucent, triangular lateral flank patch characteristic of male members of Equulites (E. elongatus, UMMZ uncat., [PVD 82 - 06 / 19 a LE], 76.4 mm SL, Japan). (D) Internal anatomy of LOS in male E. elongatus (UMMZ uncat., 68.0 mm SL, Japan). Note greatly enlarged dorsolateral light-organ lobes in Equulites that extend posteriorly well into gas bladder, and lateral clearing of silvery guanine layer running entire length of gas bladder. Light organs circled in yellow. Figure abbreviations: gb = gas bladder, mls = translucent mid-lateral stripe, tp = translucent, triangular lateral flank patch." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/242675/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/242676/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/242677/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFEE952A0C6FFFD65" box="[332,492,692,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFEE952A0C6FFFD65" box="[332,492,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, these translucent areas form a mid-lateral stripe, either continuous or comprised of discrete “windows” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFD8652C3C57FFD59" box="[547,620,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionTargetBox="[356,1234,242,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[276,1310,193,1637]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Internal and external features of light-organ system (LOS) in members of Photolateralis. (A) Male P. stercorarius external LOS anatomy. (B) Male P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. (C) Female P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. Figure abbreviations: es = esophagus, g = gut, gb = gas bladder, lo = circumesophageal light organ, mls = translucent midlateral stripe. Stippled region on posterolateral region of gas bladder corresponds to clearing of silvery guanine lining in region internal to translucent mid-lateral stripe. Yellow region on light organ corresponds to “ window ” that is directed and opens into the gas bladder." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242675/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFD0352CCC5A6FD59" box="[678,693,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,625,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[313,1273,625,1861]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Species of Photolateralis illustrating phenotypic variability of translucent mid-lateral stripe characteristic of genus. (A) P. stercorarius, USNM 55906, holotype, 83.8 mm SL, Philippines. (B) P. moretoniensis, AMS I. 22983001, non-type, 76.9 mm SL, Australia. (C) P. antongil, AMNH 236544, holotype, 75.0 mm SL, Madagascar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242676/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">3</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFCF452CCC4A8FD59" box="[849,955,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFCF452CCC4A8FD59" box="[849,955,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFBF452CDC3F3FD59" box="[1105,1248,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFBF452CDC3F3FD59" box="[1105,1248,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">E. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFB4A52CDC267FD59" box="[1263,1396,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFB4A52CDC267FD59" box="[1263,1396,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">E. rivulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFA2152CDC7EDFCBD" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leuciscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFA2152CDC7EDFCBD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">E. leuciscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFEB552E9C6A1FCBD" box="[272,434,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klunzingeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFEB552E9C6A1FCBD" box="[272,434,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">E. klunzingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFE6352E9C595FCBD" box="[454,646,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laterofenestra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFE6352E9C595FCBD" box="[454,646,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">E. laterofenestra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFD6852E9C46BFCBD" box="[717,888,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="absconditus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFD6852E9C46BFCBD" box="[717,888,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">E. absconditus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, males are characterized by the presence of a species-specific triangular, translucent lateral flank patch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFC83530BC47FFC91" box="[806,876,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[324,1254,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[324,1254,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of internal and external anatomy of LOS in sister genera Equulites and Photolateralis, new genus: (A) Translucent lateral flank stripe comprised of discrete “ windows ” in male Photolateralis stercorarius (SIO 96 - 96, 98.2 mm SL, Philippines). (B) Internal anatomy of LOS in male P. stercorarius (AMNH uncat., [VN- 2010 - 11], 73.1 mm SL, Vietnam). Note comparatively small donut shaped, spotted light organ and posterior lateral clearing of silvery gas bladder lining. (C) Expansive translucent, triangular lateral flank patch characteristic of male members of Equulites (E. elongatus, UMMZ uncat., [PVD 82 - 06 / 19 a LE], 76.4 mm SL, Japan). (D) Internal anatomy of LOS in male E. elongatus (UMMZ uncat., 68.0 mm SL, Japan). Note greatly enlarged dorsolateral light-organ lobes in Equulites that extend posteriorly well into gas bladder, and lateral clearing of silvery guanine layer running entire length of gas bladder. Light organs circled in yellow. Figure abbreviations: gb = gas bladder, mls = translucent mid-lateral stripe, tp = translucent, triangular lateral flank patch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242677/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
; Sparks and Chakrabarty, 2007:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFB7C530BC209FC91" box="[1241,1306,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1307,1329]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,309,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,303,1285]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Generic level phylogeny for Leiognathidae after Chakrabarty et al. (2011 b) indicating placement of Photolateralis, new genus (in boldface type)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242674/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFF325350C6E6FCF4" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[151,501,836,861]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFF325350C646FCF5" box="[151,341,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equula lineolata</emphasis>
|
||
Valenciennes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFD845350C497FCF4" author="Cuvier" box="[545,900,836,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1835) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome dixieme. Suite du livre neuvieme. Scomberoides. Livre dixieme. De la famille des Teuthyes. Livre onzieme. De la famille des Taenioides. Livre douzieme. Des Atherines. Histoire naturelle des poissons. v. 10, i - xxiv + 1 - 482. + 2 pp. [Plates. 280 - 306]" type="book chapter" year="1835">Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is placed within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFBE95350C284FCF4" authority="Eschmeyer, 2015" authorityName="Eschmeyer" authorityYear="2015" box="[1100,1431,836,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFBE95350C3A5FCF5" box="[1100,1206,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFB635350C283FCF4" author="Eschmeyer" box="[1222,1424,836,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Eschmeyer, W. (2015) Catalogue of fishes. Available from: http: // www. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatsearch. html (Accessed 24 February 2015)" type="journal article" year="2015">Eschmeyer, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the new placement attributed to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFDE15373C42DFC29" box="[580,830,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Kimura, S., Motomura, H. & Iwatsuki, Y. (2008 a) Equulites Fowler 1904, a senior synonym of Photoplagios Sparks, Dunlap, and Smith 2005 (Perciformes: Leiognathidae). Ichthyological Research, 55, 204 - 205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 008 - 0041 - 6" type="journal article">
|
||
Kimura
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFD07537DC5CFFC29" box="[674,732,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in fact
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFC3B5373C385FC29" box="[926,1174,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Kimura, S., Motomura, H. & Iwatsuki, Y. (2008 a) Equulites Fowler 1904, a senior synonym of Photoplagios Sparks, Dunlap, and Smith 2005 (Perciformes: Leiognathidae). Ichthyological Research, 55, 204 - 205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 008 - 0041 - 6" type="journal article">
|
||
Kimura
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFC59537DC325FC29" box="[1020,1078,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
never mention
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFAEE537CC7E8FC0D" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFAEE537CC7E8FC0D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equula lineolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFEAD5398C6A0FC0C" author="Sparks" box="[264,435,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Sparks, J. S. (2006 b) A new species of ponyfish (Teleostei: Leiognathidae: Photoplagios) from Madagascar, with a phylogeny for Photoplagios and comments on the status of Equula lineolata Valenciennes. American Museum Novitates, 3526, 1 - 21. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2006) 3526 [1: ANSOPT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">Sparks (2006b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed the taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFC905398C4E3FC0D" box="[821,1008,908,932]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFC905398C4E3FC0D" box="[821,1008,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equula lineolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and concluded the name was a nomen dubium of uncertain placement beyond the family level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA14FF9CFF6253C1C310FB41" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
In both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFEB853C0C6AEFC45" box="[285,445,980,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFEB853C0C6AEFC45" box="[285,445,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFE5753C0C54FFC45" box="[498,604,980,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFE5753C0C54FFC45" box="[498,604,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lateral gas bladder lining exhibits clearing of the silvery guanine layer that corresponds specifically to the external translucent region characteristic of that taxon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFB3653E3C3F3FBB9" box="[1171,1248,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionTargetBox="[356,1234,242,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[276,1310,193,1637]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Internal and external features of light-organ system (LOS) in members of Photolateralis. (A) Male P. stercorarius external LOS anatomy. (B) Male P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. (C) Female P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. Figure abbreviations: es = esophagus, g = gut, gb = gas bladder, lo = circumesophageal light organ, mls = translucent midlateral stripe. Stippled region on posterolateral region of gas bladder corresponds to clearing of silvery guanine lining in region internal to translucent mid-lateral stripe. Yellow region on light organ corresponds to “ window ” that is directed and opens into the gas bladder." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242675/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFAB253ECC23BFBB9" box="[1303,1320,1016,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[324,1254,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[324,1254,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of internal and external anatomy of LOS in sister genera Equulites and Photolateralis, new genus: (A) Translucent lateral flank stripe comprised of discrete “ windows ” in male Photolateralis stercorarius (SIO 96 - 96, 98.2 mm SL, Philippines). (B) Internal anatomy of LOS in male P. stercorarius (AMNH uncat., [VN- 2010 - 11], 73.1 mm SL, Vietnam). Note comparatively small donut shaped, spotted light organ and posterior lateral clearing of silvery gas bladder lining. (C) Expansive translucent, triangular lateral flank patch characteristic of male members of Equulites (E. elongatus, UMMZ uncat., [PVD 82 - 06 / 19 a LE], 76.4 mm SL, Japan). (D) Internal anatomy of LOS in male E. elongatus (UMMZ uncat., 68.0 mm SL, Japan). Note greatly enlarged dorsolateral light-organ lobes in Equulites that extend posteriorly well into gas bladder, and lateral clearing of silvery guanine layer running entire length of gas bladder. Light organs circled in yellow. Figure abbreviations: gb = gas bladder, mls = translucent mid-lateral stripe, tp = translucent, triangular lateral flank patch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242677/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">4</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFA9153E3C612FB9C" author="Sparks" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Sparks, J. S., Dunlap, P. V. & Smith, W. L. (2005) Evolution and diversification of a sexually dimorphic luminescent system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), including diagnoses for two new genera. Cladistics, 21, 305 - 327. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2005.00067. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Sparks
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFA2D53EDC7A7FB9D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Males of both genera also possess enlarged light organs (moderately so in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFBDF5408C209FB9D" box="[1146,1306,1052,1076]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFBDF5408C209FB9D" box="[1146,1306,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. greatly enlarged in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFEBB5454C69BFBF1" box="[286,392,1088,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFEBB5454C69BFBF1" box="[286,392,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) compared to conspecific females and in which the dorsal lobes extend posteriorly into the gas bladder (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFE835470C660FBD5" box="[294,371,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionTargetBox="[356,1234,242,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[276,1310,193,1637]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Internal and external features of light-organ system (LOS) in members of Photolateralis. (A) Male P. stercorarius external LOS anatomy. (B) Male P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. (C) Female P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. Figure abbreviations: es = esophagus, g = gut, gb = gas bladder, lo = circumesophageal light organ, mls = translucent midlateral stripe. Stippled region on posterolateral region of gas bladder corresponds to clearing of silvery guanine lining in region internal to translucent mid-lateral stripe. Yellow region on light organ corresponds to “ window ” that is directed and opens into the gas bladder." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242675/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFE0F5470C6A8FBD5" box="[426,443,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[324,1254,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[324,1254,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of internal and external anatomy of LOS in sister genera Equulites and Photolateralis, new genus: (A) Translucent lateral flank stripe comprised of discrete “ windows ” in male Photolateralis stercorarius (SIO 96 - 96, 98.2 mm SL, Philippines). (B) Internal anatomy of LOS in male P. stercorarius (AMNH uncat., [VN- 2010 - 11], 73.1 mm SL, Vietnam). Note comparatively small donut shaped, spotted light organ and posterior lateral clearing of silvery gas bladder lining. (C) Expansive translucent, triangular lateral flank patch characteristic of male members of Equulites (E. elongatus, UMMZ uncat., [PVD 82 - 06 / 19 a LE], 76.4 mm SL, Japan). (D) Internal anatomy of LOS in male E. elongatus (UMMZ uncat., 68.0 mm SL, Japan). Note greatly enlarged dorsolateral light-organ lobes in Equulites that extend posteriorly well into gas bladder, and lateral clearing of silvery guanine layer running entire length of gas bladder. Light organs circled in yellow. Figure abbreviations: gb = gas bladder, mls = translucent mid-lateral stripe, tp = translucent, triangular lateral flank patch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242677/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, both the degree of enlargement and posterior extension of the light organ are considerably muted in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFE3A549CC52CFB09" box="[415,575,1160,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFE3A549CC52CFB09" box="[415,575,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFDF45493C5B2FB09" box="[593,673,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionTargetBox="[356,1234,242,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[276,1310,193,1637]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Internal and external features of light-organ system (LOS) in members of Photolateralis. (A) Male P. stercorarius external LOS anatomy. (B) Male P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. (C) Female P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. Figure abbreviations: es = esophagus, g = gut, gb = gas bladder, lo = circumesophageal light organ, mls = translucent midlateral stripe. Stippled region on posterolateral region of gas bladder corresponds to clearing of silvery guanine lining in region internal to translucent mid-lateral stripe. Yellow region on light organ corresponds to “ window ” that is directed and opens into the gas bladder." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242675/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B and 4B) as compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFC79549CC355FB09" box="[988,1094,1160,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFC79549CC355FB09" box="[988,1094,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFBF25493C38DFB09" box="[1111,1182,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[324,1254,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[324,1254,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of internal and external anatomy of LOS in sister genera Equulites and Photolateralis, new genus: (A) Translucent lateral flank stripe comprised of discrete “ windows ” in male Photolateralis stercorarius (SIO 96 - 96, 98.2 mm SL, Philippines). (B) Internal anatomy of LOS in male P. stercorarius (AMNH uncat., [VN- 2010 - 11], 73.1 mm SL, Vietnam). Note comparatively small donut shaped, spotted light organ and posterior lateral clearing of silvery gas bladder lining. (C) Expansive translucent, triangular lateral flank patch characteristic of male members of Equulites (E. elongatus, UMMZ uncat., [PVD 82 - 06 / 19 a LE], 76.4 mm SL, Japan). (D) Internal anatomy of LOS in male E. elongatus (UMMZ uncat., 68.0 mm SL, Japan). Note greatly enlarged dorsolateral light-organ lobes in Equulites that extend posteriorly well into gas bladder, and lateral clearing of silvery guanine layer running entire length of gas bladder. Light organs circled in yellow. Figure abbreviations: gb = gas bladder, mls = translucent mid-lateral stripe, tp = translucent, triangular lateral flank patch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242677/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D). The light organ in male members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFEC954B8C51FFB6D" box="[364,524,1196,1220]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFEC954B8C51FFB6D" box="[364,524,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more or less donut shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFCDE54B8C4DFFB6D" box="[891,972,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionTargetBox="[356,1234,242,1574]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[276,1310,193,1637]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Internal and external features of light-organ system (LOS) in members of Photolateralis. (A) Male P. stercorarius external LOS anatomy. (B) Male P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. (C) Female P. stercorarius internal LOS anatomy. Figure abbreviations: es = esophagus, g = gut, gb = gas bladder, lo = circumesophageal light organ, mls = translucent midlateral stripe. Stippled region on posterolateral region of gas bladder corresponds to clearing of silvery guanine lining in region internal to translucent mid-lateral stripe. Yellow region on light organ corresponds to “ window ” that is directed and opens into the gas bladder." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242675/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B and 4B), lacking the greatly enlarged dorsolateral extensions characteristic of male members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFC8654C4C49EFB41" box="[803,909,1232,1256]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFC8654C4C49EFB41" box="[803,909,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFC3954DBC4F2FB41" box="[924,993,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[324,1254,193,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[324,1254,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of internal and external anatomy of LOS in sister genera Equulites and Photolateralis, new genus: (A) Translucent lateral flank stripe comprised of discrete “ windows ” in male Photolateralis stercorarius (SIO 96 - 96, 98.2 mm SL, Philippines). (B) Internal anatomy of LOS in male P. stercorarius (AMNH uncat., [VN- 2010 - 11], 73.1 mm SL, Vietnam). Note comparatively small donut shaped, spotted light organ and posterior lateral clearing of silvery gas bladder lining. (C) Expansive translucent, triangular lateral flank patch characteristic of male members of Equulites (E. elongatus, UMMZ uncat., [PVD 82 - 06 / 19 a LE], 76.4 mm SL, Japan). (D) Internal anatomy of LOS in male E. elongatus (UMMZ uncat., 68.0 mm SL, Japan). Note greatly enlarged dorsolateral light-organ lobes in Equulites that extend posteriorly well into gas bladder, and lateral clearing of silvery guanine layer running entire length of gas bladder. Light organs circled in yellow. Figure abbreviations: gb = gas bladder, mls = translucent mid-lateral stripe, tp = translucent, triangular lateral flank patch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242677/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA14FF9CFF6254E1C6D7FAFC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
In addition to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFEC354E0C515FAA5" box="[358,518,1268,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFEC354E0C515FAA5" box="[358,518,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A268578CEA14FF9CFDB054E1C59CFAA4" box="[533,655,1269,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, we currently recognize the following nine extant leiognathid genera, in chronological order of their description, whose phylogenetic relationships are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13142A60EA14FF9CFB4E5503C243FA99" box="[1259,1360,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1307,1329]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,309,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,303,1285]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Generic level phylogeny for Leiognathidae after Chakrabarty et al. (2011 b) indicating placement of Photolateralis, new genus (in boldface type)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242674/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFF325528C6ABFAFC" author="Chakrabarty" box="[151,440,1340,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Chakrabarty, P., Davis, M. P., Smith, W. L., Baldwin, Z. H. & Sparks, J. S. (2011 b) Is sexual selection driving diversification of the bioluminescent ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae)? Molecular Ecology, 20, 2818 - 2834. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2011.05112. x" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Chakrabarty
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFE8D5529C673FAFD" box="[296,352,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA14FF9CFF625574C274F914" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFF43554BC527FAD1" authority="Lacepede, 1802" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[230,564,1375,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFF43554BC664FAD1" bold="true" box="[230,375,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFEDA554BC527FAD1" author="Lacepede" box="[383,564,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Lacepede, B. G. E. (1802) Histoire naturelle des poissons 4. Paris: Chez Plassan, Imprimeur-Libraire." type="book chapter" year="1802">Lacepède, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA14FF9CFDE55574C56BFAD1" box="[576,632,1376,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFD455574C38EFAD1" authority="Lacepede, 1802" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[736,1181,1375,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argenteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFD455574C4CCFAD1" box="[736,991,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Leiognathus argenteus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFC42554BC38EFAD1" author="Lacepede" box="[999,1181,1375,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Lacepede, B. G. E. (1802) Histoire naturelle des poissons 4. Paris: Chez Plassan, Imprimeur-Libraire." type="book chapter" year="1802">Lacepède, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by monotypy.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFAEE5574C634FA34" authority="Cuvier, 1815" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1815" family="Gerreidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFAEE5574C28FFAD1" box="[1355,1436,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFF325590C634FA34" author="Cuvier" box="[151,295,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Cuvier, G. (1815) Observations et recherches critiques sur differents poissons de la Mediterrannee, et a leur occasion sur des poissons d'autres mers, plus ou moins lies avec eux. Memoirs du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. v. 1, 226 - 241, 312 - 330, 353 - 363, 451 - 466. [Plates. 16, 23]" type="journal article" year="1815">Cuvier, 1815</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was resurrected from synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFD715590C306FA35" authority="Lacepede, 1802" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[724,1045,1412,1437]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFD715590C44CFA35" box="[724,863,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFCC15590C306FA35" author="Lacepede" box="[868,1045,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Lacepede, B. G. E. (1802) Histoire naturelle des poissons 4. Paris: Chez Plassan, Imprimeur-Libraire." type="book chapter" year="1802">Lacepède, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFB9B5590C28FFA35" author="Chakrabarty" box="[1086,1436,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Chakrabarty, P. & Sparks, J. S. (2008) Diagnoses for Leiognathus Lacepede 1802, Equula Cuvier 1815, Equulites Fowler 1904, Eubleekeria Fowler 1904, and a new ponyfish genus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). American Museum Novitates, 3623, 1 - 11. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 618.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Chakrabarty and Sparks (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to encompass
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFE9F55BDC6A7FA69" box="[314,436,1448,1472]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFE9F55BDC6A7FA69" box="[314,436,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">E. fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFE4B55BDC599FA69" box="[494,650,1448,1472]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longispinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFE4B55BDC599FA69" box="[494,650,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">E. longispinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFD3F55B3C307FA69" author="Chakrabarty" box="[666,1044,1447,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Chakrabarty, P. & Sparks, J. S. (2008) Diagnoses for Leiognathus Lacepede 1802, Equula Cuvier 1815, Equulites Fowler 1904, Eubleekeria Fowler 1904, and a new ponyfish genus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). American Museum Novitates, 3623, 1 - 11. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 618.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Chakrabarty and Sparks (2008:5)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFBD655BCC3D7FA69" box="[1139,1220,1448,1472]" family="Gerreidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFBD655BCC3D7FA69" box="[1139,1220,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as valid, however, they incorrectly assigned the wrong
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA14FF9CFD8955D9C54FFA4C" box="[556,604,1485,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFD7255D8C471FA4D" box="[727,866,1484,1508]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFD7255D8C471FA4D" box="[727,866,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The correct
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA14FF9CFC5055D9C336FA4C" box="[1013,1061,1485,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFB3855D8C651F9A1" authority="Lacepede 1802" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argenteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFB3855D8C288FA4D" box="[1181,1435,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Leiognathus argenteus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFF3255FBC651F9A1" author="Lacepede" box="[151,322,1519,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Lacepede, B. G. E. (1802) Histoire naturelle des poissons 4. Paris: Chez Plassan, Imprimeur-Libraire." type="book chapter" year="1802">Lacepède 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFEDB55FBC5B3F9A1" author="Sparks" box="[382,672,1519,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Sparks, J. S. & Dunlap, P. V. (2004) A clade of non-sexually dimorphic ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): phylogeny, taxonomy, and description of a new species. American Museum Novitates, 3459, 1 - 21. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2004) 459 <0001: ACONDP> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Sparks and Dunlap, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFD0E55FBC461F9A1" author="Eschmeyer" box="[683,882,1519,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Eschmeyer, W. (2015) Catalogue of fishes. Available from: http: // www. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatsearch. html (Accessed 24 February 2015)" type="journal article" year="2015">Eschmeyer, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3387675EA14FF9CFC2055E4C4B7F9A1" box="[901,932,1520,1544]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
the same specimen was used to describe the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA14FF9CFF325601C7D4F984" box="[151,199,1557,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFE345600C6F1F985" box="[401,482,1556,1580]" family="Gerreidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFE345600C6F1F985" box="[401,482,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFD865600C5A7F985" box="[547,692,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFD865600C5A3F985" box="[547,688,1556,1580]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leiognathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
these genera are objective synonyms and identical. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFF32562CC7FBF9F9" box="[151,232,1592,1616]" family="Gerreidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFF32562CC7FBF9F9" box="[151,232,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is therefore a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFDB0562CC5B3F9F9" box="[533,672,1592,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFDB0562CC5B3F9F9" box="[533,672,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(corrected in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFC985623C342F9F9" author="Chakrabarty" box="[829,1105,1591,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Chakrabarty, P., Amarasinghe, T. & Sparks, J. S. (2009) Redescription of ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae) of Sri Lanka and the status of Aurigequula Fowler, 1918. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences), 37 (2), 143 - 161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4038 / cjsbs. v 37 i 2.502" type="journal article" year="2009">Chakrabarty et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFBC6562CC3FDF9F9" box="[1123,1262,1592,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFBC6562CC3FDF9F9" box="[1123,1262,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recovered as the sister group to the remaining members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFD785648C46EF9DC" box="[733,893,1628,1653]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leiognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
less
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFC635648C341F9DD" box="[966,1106,1628,1652]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Aurigequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFC635648C341F9DD" box="[966,1106,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Aurigequula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFAAF5648C287F9DD" box="[1290,1428,1628,1652]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFAAF5648C287F9DD" box="[1290,1428,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFEB85694C6EEF931" box="[285,509,1664,1688]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="equula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFEB85694C6EEF931" box="[285,509,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Leiognathus equula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFD925695C5A5F931" box="[567,694,1664,1688]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFD925695C5A5F931" box="[567,694,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">L. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, plus a number of undescribed species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFB27566BC7C0F915" author="Chakrabarty" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Chakrabarty, P. & Sparks, J. S. (2008) Diagnoses for Leiognathus Lacepede 1802, Equula Cuvier 1815, Equulites Fowler 1904, Eubleekeria Fowler 1904, and a new ponyfish genus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). American Museum Novitates, 3623, 1 - 11. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 618.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Chakrabarty and Sparks, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFF7856B0C6EDF914" author="Chakrabarty" box="[221,510,1700,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Chakrabarty, P., Davis, M. P., Smith, W. L., Baldwin, Z. H. & Sparks, J. S. (2011 b) Is sexual selection driving diversification of the bioluminescent ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae)? Molecular Ecology, 20, 2818 - 2834. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2011.05112. x" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Chakrabarty
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFECA56B1C6B4F915" box="[367,423,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are not sexually dimorphic with regard to features of the light-organ system.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA14FF9CFF6256DCC39CF8AC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFF4156DCC6D8F949" authority="Ruppell 1835" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1835" box="[228,459,1735,1760]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Gazza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFF4156DCC639F949" bold="true" box="[228,298,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Gazza</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFE9456D3C6D8F949" author="Ruppell" box="[305,459,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Ruppell, W. P. E. S. (1835) Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehorig. Fische des Rothen Meeres. Siegmund Schmerber, Frankfurt am Main, i - ii + 1 - 28. [Plates. 1 - 7] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 53778" type="book chapter" year="1835">Rüppell 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA14FF9CFE7356DCC51EF949" box="[470,525,1736,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFDD656DCC313F949" authority="Ruppell 1835" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1835" box="[627,1024,1735,1760]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Gazza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="equulaeformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFDD656DCC44CF949" box="[627,863,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Gazza equulaeformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFCC356D3C313F949" author="Ruppell" box="[870,1024,1735,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Ruppell, W. P. E. S. (1835) Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehorig. Fische des Rothen Meeres. Siegmund Schmerber, Frankfurt am Main, i - ii + 1 - 28. [Plates. 1 - 7] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 53778" type="book chapter" year="1835">Rüppell 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by monotypy.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFB0F56DCC3E3F976" box="[1194,1264,1736,1759]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Gazza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFB0F56DCC3E3F976" box="[1194,1264,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Gazza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recovered as the sister taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFEC156F9C519F8AD" box="[356,522,1773,1796]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Deveximentum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFEC156F9C519F8AD" box="[356,522,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Deveximentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and placed within the tribe Gazzini, subfamily Gazzinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA14FF9CFF625704C66DF810" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFF4E5704C551F881" authority="Fowler, 1904" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1904" box="[235,578,1807,1832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Deveximentum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFF4E5704C689F881" bold="true" box="[235,410,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Deveximentum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFE00571BC551F881" author="Fowler" box="[421,578,1807,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1904) A collection of fishes from Sumatra. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 12 (pt 4), 495 - 560. [Plates. 7 - 28]" type="journal article" year="1904">Fowler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA14FF9CFDF75704C599F881" box="[594,650,1808,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFD5E5705C353F881" authority="Bloch 1787" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1787" box="[763,1088,1807,1832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Zeidae" genus="Zeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zeiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insidiator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFD5E5705C4BAF881" box="[763,937,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Zeus insidiator</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFC10571BC353F881" author="Bloch" box="[949,1088,1807,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Bloch, M. E. (1787) Naturgeschichte der auslandischen Fische. Berlin. v. 3, i - xii + 1 - 146. [Plates. 181 - 216]" type="journal article" year="1787">Bloch 1787</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation. The species now placed in this genus were formerly placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFCBA5720C31BF8E5" authority="Gistel, 1848" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[799,1032,1844,1869]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Secutor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFCBA5720C467F8E2" box="[799,884,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Secutor</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFCD95720C31BF8E5" author="Gistel" box="[892,1032,1844,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Gistel, J. (1848) Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, fur hohere Schulen. Stuttgart, i - xvi, + 1 - 216. [Plates. 1 - 32]" type="book chapter" year="1848">Gistel, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFBB65720C3ACF8E5" author="Kottelat" box="[1043,1215,1844,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 27, 1 - 663." type="book chapter" year="2013">Kottelat (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFAE35720C288F8E2" box="[1350,1435,1844,1867]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Secutor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFAE35720C288F8E2" box="[1350,1435,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Secutor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFE00574CC59FF8D9" authority="Cuvier 1815" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1815" box="[421,652,1879,1904]" family="Gerreidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFE00574CC6E5F8D9" box="[421,502,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFE5B5743C59FF8D9" author="Cuvier" box="[510,652,1879,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Cuvier, G. (1815) Observations et recherches critiques sur differents poissons de la Mediterrannee, et a leur occasion sur des poissons d'autres mers, plus ou moins lies avec eux. Memoirs du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. v. 1, 226 - 241, 312 - 330, 353 - 363, 451 - 466. [Plates. 16, 23]" type="journal article" year="1815">Cuvier 1815</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is itself a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFC7E574CC20DF8D9" authority="Lacepede, 1802" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[987,1310,1879,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFC7E574CC375F8D9" box="[987,1126,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFBC95743C20DF8D9" author="Lacepede" box="[1132,1310,1879,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Lacepede, B. G. E. (1802) Histoire naturelle des poissons 4. Paris: Chez Plassan, Imprimeur-Libraire." type="book chapter" year="1802">Lacepède, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFF675768C65FF83D" box="[194,332,1916,1940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFF675768C65FF83D" box="[194,332,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFEC25769C51EF83D" box="[359,525,1917,1940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Deveximentum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFEC25769C51EF83D" box="[359,525,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Deveximentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recovered as the sister taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFC0E5768C4E2F83A" box="[939,1009,1916,1939]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Gazza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFC0E5768C4E2F83A" box="[939,1009,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Gazza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and placed within the tribe Gazzini, subfamily Gazzinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA14FF9CFF6257D0C28EF874" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1437,1987,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">
|
||
4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFF4C57D7C6ECF875" authority="Fowler, 1904" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1904" box="[233,511,1987,2013]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFF4C57D7C644F875" bold="true" box="[233,343,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFEC657D0C6ECF875" author="Fowler" box="[355,511,1988,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1904) A collection of fishes from Sumatra. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 12 (pt 4), 495 - 560. [Plates. 7 - 28]" type="journal article" year="1904">Fowler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA14FF9CFDA857D1C556F874" box="[525,581,1989,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA14FF9CFD1157D0C368F875" authority="Fowler 1904" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1904" box="[692,1147,1988,2013]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA14FF9CFD1157D0C4C8F875" box="[692,987,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="186">Leiognathus vermiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA14FF9CFC4057D0C368F875" author="Fowler" box="[997,1147,1988,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="186" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1904) A collection of fishes from Sumatra. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 12 (pt 4), 495 - 560. [Plates. 7 - 28]" type="journal article" year="1904">Fowler 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C335656EEA17FF9FFF32508CC445FA99" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA17FF9FFF32508CC614FE21" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFF32508CC612FF19" ID-CoL="4DLN" box="[151,257,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFF32508CC612FF19" box="[151,257,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFDD6508CC5EDFF19" ID-CoL="5BWS" box="[627,766,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFDD6508CC5EDFF19" box="[627,766,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFCA8508CC464FF19" ID-CoL="4DLN" box="[781,887,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFCA8508CC464FF19" box="[781,887,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was removed from synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFAB4508CC28FFF19" ID-CoL="5BWS" box="[1297,1436,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFAB4508CC28FFF19" box="[1297,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and elevated to generic rank by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFDB550A8C46FFF7D" author="Chakrabarty" box="[528,892,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Chakrabarty, P. & Sparks, J. S. (2008) Diagnoses for Leiognathus Lacepede 1802, Equula Cuvier 1815, Equulites Fowler 1904, Eubleekeria Fowler 1904, and a new ponyfish genus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). American Museum Novitates, 3623, 1 - 11. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 618.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Chakrabarty and Sparks (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFC2F50A8C4E7FF7D" ID-CoL="4DLN" box="[906,1012,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFC2F50A8C4E7FF7D" box="[906,1012,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently comprises
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFB4C50A9C260FF7D" ID-CoL="6FYMD" box="[1257,1395,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leuciscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFB4C50A9C260FF7D" box="[1257,1395,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">E. leuciscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFA2150A9C606FF51" ID-CoL="6FYMF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="klunzingeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFA2150A9C606FF51" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">E. klunzingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFE8D50F5C6AAFF51" ID-CoL="6FYN2" box="[296,441,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFE8D50F5C6AAFF51" box="[296,441,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">E. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFE6850F5C546FF51" ID-CoL="6FYB4" box="[461,597,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFE6850F5C546FF51" box="[461,597,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">E. rivulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFDCD50F5C400FF51" ID-CoL="6FYMP" box="[616,787,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="absconditus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFDCD50F5C400FF51" box="[616,787,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">E. absconditus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFCFE50F5C308FF51" ID-CoL="6FYMG" box="[859,1051,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laterofenestra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFCFE50F5C308FF51" box="[859,1051,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">E. laterofenestra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFB8B50F4C3D0FF51" box="[1070,1219,224,248]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photoplagios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFB8B50F4C3D0FF51" box="[1070,1219,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Photoplagios</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFF325110C666FEB4" box="[151,373,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Sparks, J. S., Dunlap, P. V. & Smith, W. L. (2005) Evolution and diversification of a sexually dimorphic luminescent system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), including diagnoses for two new genera. Cladistics, 21, 305 - 327. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2005.00067. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Sparks
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFF4F5111C632FEB5" box="[234,289,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFDC45110C471FEB5" ID-CoL="4DLN" authority="Fowler 1904" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1904" box="[609,866,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFDC45110C5D8FEB5" box="[609,715,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFD745110C471FEB5" author="Fowler" box="[721,866,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1904) A collection of fishes from Sumatra. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 12 (pt 4), 495 - 560. [Plates. 7 - 28]" type="journal article" year="1904">Fowler 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, given that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFC475110C35FFEB5" ID-CoL="4DLN" box="[994,1100,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFC475110C35FFEB5" box="[994,1100,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an older name, was available for one of the species included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFDB7513CC5B4FEE9" box="[530,679,296,320]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photoplagios" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFDB7513CC5B4FEE9" box="[530,679,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Photoplagios</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFD135133C4B0FEE9" author="Kimura" box="[694,931,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Kimura, S., Motomura, H. & Iwatsuki, Y. (2008 a) Equulites Fowler 1904, a senior synonym of Photoplagios Sparks, Dunlap, and Smith 2005 (Perciformes: Leiognathidae). Ichthyological Research, 55, 204 - 205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 008 - 0041 - 6" type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Kimura
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFCB1513DC45EFEE9" box="[788,845,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFC085133C215FEE9" author="Chakrabarty" box="[941,1286,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Chakrabarty, P. & Sparks, J. S. (2008) Diagnoses for Leiognathus Lacepede 1802, Equula Cuvier 1815, Equulites Fowler 1904, Eubleekeria Fowler 1904, and a new ponyfish genus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). American Museum Novitates, 3623, 1 - 11. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 618.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Chakrabarty and Sparks, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFABD513CC291FEE9" ID-CoL="4DLN" box="[1304,1410,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equulites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFABD513CC291FEE9" box="[1304,1410,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Equulites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recovered as the sister taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFDBD5158C5ABFECD" box="[536,696,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photolateralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFDBD5158C5ABFECD" box="[536,696,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Photolateralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A268578CEA17FF9FFD695159C458FECC" box="[716,843,333,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and placed within the tribe Equulitini, subfamily Gazzinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA17FF9FFF625180C40EFDC9" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
|
||
5)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFF4A5187C53FFE05" ID-CoL="62RJZ" authority="Fowler, 1904" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1904" box="[239,556,403,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Eubleekeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFF4A5187C668FE05" bold="true" box="[239,379,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Eubleekeria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFE2E5180C53FFE05" author="Fowler" box="[395,556,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1904) A collection of fishes from Sumatra. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 12 (pt 4), 495 - 560. [Plates. 7 - 28]" type="journal article" year="1904">Fowler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA17FF9FFDE45181C56BFE04" box="[577,632,405,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFD575180C378FE05" authority="Cuvier 1829" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[754,1131,404,429]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFD575180C4D1FE05" box="[754,962,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Equula splendens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFC765180C378FE05" author="Cuvier" box="[979,1131,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Cuvier, G. (1829) Le Regne Animal, distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Edition 2. Regne Animal 2, i - xv + 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1829">Cuvier 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFF3251ACC60DFE79" ID-CoL="62RJZ" box="[151,286,440,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Eubleekeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFF3251ACC60DFE79" box="[151,286,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Eubleekeria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFD6551ACC459FE79" ID-CoL="5BWS" box="[704,842,440,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFD6551ACC459FE79" box="[704,842,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFCC551ACC4F4FE79" ID-CoL="62RJZ" box="[864,999,440,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Eubleekeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFCC551ACC4F4FE79" box="[864,999,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Eubleekeria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was removed from synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFF3251C8C631FE5D" ID-CoL="5BWS" box="[151,290,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFF3251C8C631FE5D" box="[151,290,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and elevated to generic rank by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFD1851C8C320FE5D" author="Chakrabarty" box="[701,1075,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Chakrabarty, P. & Sparks, J. S. (2008) Diagnoses for Leiognathus Lacepede 1802, Equula Cuvier 1815, Equulites Fowler 1904, Eubleekeria Fowler 1904, and a new ponyfish genus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). American Museum Novitates, 3623, 1 - 11. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 618.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Chakrabarty and Sparks (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFBE051C8C3DFFE5D" ID-CoL="62RJZ" box="[1093,1228,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Eubleekeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFBE051C8C3DFFE5D" box="[1093,1228,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Eubleekeria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
encompasses the ‘‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFF025214C622FDB1" ID-CoL="5BWS" box="[167,305,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFF025214C622FDB1" box="[167,305,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFEEE5214C6AAFDB1" box="[331,441,512,536]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFEEE5214C6AAFDB1" box="[331,441,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">splendens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFD285215C408FDB1" box="[653,795,512,536]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFD285215C408FDB1" box="[653,795,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">E. splendens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFC8E5215C49CFDBE" ID-CoL="3BNN6" box="[811,911,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Eubleekeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jonesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFC8E5215C49CFDBE" box="[811,911,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">E. jonesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFC6A5215C37FFDB1" ID-CoL="3BNN7" box="[975,1132,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Eubleekeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kupanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFC6A5215C37FFDB1" box="[975,1132,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">E. kupanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFBD951EBC24CFDB1" author="Kimura" box="[1148,1375,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Kimura, S., Ito, T., Peristiwady, T., Iwatsuki, Y., Yoshino, T. & Dunlap, P. V. (2005) The Leiognathus splendens complex (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) with the description of a new species, Leiognathus kupanensis Kimura and Peristiwady. Ichthyological Research, 52, 275 - 291. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 005 - 0283 - 5" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Kimura
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFB7F5215C200FDB1" box="[1242,1299,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and also includes multiple undescribed species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFD345230C40BFD95" ID-CoL="62RJZ" box="[657,792,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Eubleekeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFD345230C40BFD95" box="[657,792,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Eubleekeria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recovered as the sister group to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFB135230C27AFD95" ID-CoL="6P4T" box="[1206,1385,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photopectoralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFB135230C27AFD95" box="[1206,1385,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Photopectoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and placed within the tribe Eubleekerini, subfamily Gazzinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA17FF9FFF625278C3DEFC29" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
|
||
6)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFF48527FC53EFD2D" ID-CoL="35VL" authority="Fowler, 1918" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1918" box="[237,557,619,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Aurigequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFF48527FC693FD2D" bold="true" box="[237,384,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Aurigequula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFE2B5278C53EFD2D" author="Fowler" box="[398,557,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1918) New and little known fishes from the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 70, 2 - 71." type="journal article" year="1918">Fowler, 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA17FF9FFDE55279C564FD2C" box="[576,631,621,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFD485278C362FD2D" ID-CoL="WCQJ" authority="Lacepede, 1803" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[749,1137,620,645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clupeidae" genus="Clupea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFD485278C4B5FD2D" box="[749,934,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Clupea fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFC115278C362FD2D" author="Lacepede" box="[948,1137,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Lacepede, B. G. E. (1803) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Histoire naturelle des poissons 5. Paris: Chez Plassan, Imprimeur- Libraire." type="book chapter" year="1803">Lacepède, 1803</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFF325284C630FD01" ID-CoL="35VL" box="[151,291,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Aurigequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFF325284C630FD01" box="[151,291,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Aurigequula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFD115284C42CFD01" ID-CoL="5BWS" box="[692,831,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFD115284C42CFD01" box="[692,831,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFCF65284C4CCFD01" ID-CoL="35VL" box="[851,991,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Aurigequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFCF65284C4CCFD01" box="[851,991,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Aurigequula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was mistakenly placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFA865284C267FD01" box="[1315,1396,656,680]" family="Gerreidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFA865284C267FD01" box="[1315,1396,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Equula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFF3252A0C516FD65" box="[151,517,692,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Chakrabarty, P. & Sparks, J. S. (2008) Diagnoses for Leiognathus Lacepede 1802, Equula Cuvier 1815, Equulites Fowler 1904, Eubleekeria Fowler 1904, and a new ponyfish genus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). American Museum Novitates, 3623, 1 - 11. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 618.1" type="journal article">Chakrabarty and Sparks, (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFDB452A0C58EFD65" ID-CoL="35VL" box="[529,669,692,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Aurigequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFDB452A0C58EFD65" box="[529,669,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Aurigequula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was resurrected from synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFBF352A0C28FFD65" ID-CoL="5BWS" authority="Lacepede, 1802" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1802" box="[1110,1436,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFBF352A0C3F2FD65" box="[1110,1249,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFB4C52A0C28FFD65" author="Lacepede" box="[1257,1436,692,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Lacepede, B. G. E. (1802) Histoire naturelle des poissons 4. Paris: Chez Plassan, Imprimeur-Libraire." type="book chapter" year="1802">Lacepède, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFF1852C3C6F0FD59" box="[189,483,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Chakrabarty, P., Amarasinghe, T. & Sparks, J. S. (2009) Redescription of ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae) of Sri Lanka and the status of Aurigequula Fowler, 1918. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences), 37 (2), 143 - 161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4038 / cjsbs. v 37 i 2.502" type="journal article">
|
||
Chakrabarty
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFEF752CDC69DFD59" box="[338,398,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to replace a previously established invalid name, and comprises
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFB7952CCC24BFD59" ID-CoL="WCQJ" box="[1244,1368,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clupeidae" genus="Clupea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clupeiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFB7952CCC24BFD59" box="[1244,1368,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">A. fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA17FF9FFACF52CCC28FFD59" box="[1386,1436,728,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFEA452E8C684FCBD" box="[257,407,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Aurigequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFEA452E8C684FCBD" box="[257,407,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">A. longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFE7D52E8C551FCBD" box="[472,578,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Aurigequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFE7D52E8C551FCBD" box="[472,578,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">A. striata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, plus a number of undescribed species. For additional comments regarding generic status see heading for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFE575334C56EFC91" ID-CoL="5BWS" box="[498,637,800,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFE575334C56EFC91" box="[498,637,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFCA7530BC335FC91" box="[770,1062,799,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Chakrabarty, P., Amarasinghe, T. & Sparks, J. S. (2009) Redescription of ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae) of Sri Lanka and the status of Aurigequula Fowler, 1918. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences), 37 (2), 143 - 161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4038 / cjsbs. v 37 i 2.502" type="journal article">
|
||
Chakrabarty
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFC305335C4DCFC91" box="[917,975,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFB975334C3ADFC91" ID-CoL="35VL" box="[1074,1214,800,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Aurigequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFB975334C3ADFC91" box="[1074,1214,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Aurigequula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recovered as the sister group to all other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFD8F5350C5DDFCF4" ID-CoL="6259Q" box="[554,718,836,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Leiognathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFCB75350C48EFCF5" ID-CoL="5BWS" box="[786,925,836,860]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFCB75350C48EFCF5" box="[786,925,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Leiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFB915350C3D3FCF5" ID-CoL="35VL" box="[1076,1216,836,860]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Aurigequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFB915350C3D3FCF5" box="[1076,1216,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Aurigequula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not appear to be sexually dimorphic with regard to features of the light-organ system (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFC055373C3D1FC29" author="Sparks" box="[928,1218,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Sparks, J. S. & Dunlap, P. V. (2004) A clade of non-sexually dimorphic ponyfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Leiognathidae): phylogeny, taxonomy, and description of a new species. American Museum Novitates, 3459, 1 - 21. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2004) 459 <0001: ACONDP> 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Sparks and Dunlap, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA17FF9FFF625398C23CFB9C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
|
||
7)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFF43539FC50CFC0D" ID-CoL="65SF" authority="Whitley, 1932" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1932" box="[230,543,907,933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Nuchequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFF43539FC666FC0D" bold="true" box="[230,373,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Nuchequula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFED95398C50CFC0D" author="Whitley" box="[380,543,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Whitley, G. P. (1932) Some fishes of the family Leiognathidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 10, 99 - 116." type="journal article" year="1932">Whitley, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA17FF9FFD8F5399C571FC0C" box="[554,610,909,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFD6C5398C31DFC0C" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[713,1038,908,933]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blochii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFD6C5398C47CFC0D" box="[713,879,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Equula blochii</emphasis>
|
||
Valenciennes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFB935398C28BFC0C" author="Cuvier" box="[1078,1432,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1835) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome dixieme. Suite du livre neuvieme. Scomberoides. Livre dixieme. De la famille des Teuthyes. Livre onzieme. De la famille des Taenioides. Livre douzieme. Des Atherines. Histoire naturelle des poissons. v. 10, i - xxiv + 1 - 482. + 2 pp. [Plates. 280 - 306]" type="book chapter" year="1835">Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, by original designation.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFE0E53A4C521FC61" ID-CoL="65SF" box="[427,562,944,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Nuchequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFE0E53A4C521FC61" box="[427,562,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Nuchequula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFC0353A4C33EFC61" ID-CoL="62RJZ" box="[934,1069,944,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Eubleekeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFC0353A4C33EFC61" box="[934,1069,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Eubleekeria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFB4453A4C27AFC61" ID-CoL="65SF" box="[1249,1385,944,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Nuchequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFB4453A4C27AFC61" box="[1249,1385,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Nuchequula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was elevated to generic rank and revised by Chakrabarty and Sparks (2007).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFC5953C0C390FC45" ID-CoL="65SF" box="[1020,1155,980,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Nuchequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFC5953C0C390FC45" box="[1020,1155,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Nuchequula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also considered to warrant generic rank and was subsequently revised again the following year by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFBB653E3C219FBB9" box="[1043,1290,1015,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Kimura, S., Kimura, R. & Ikejima, K. (2008 b) Revision of the genus Nuchequula with descriptions of three new species (Perciformes: Leiognathidae). Ichthyological Research, 55, 22 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 007 - 0011 - 4" type="journal article">
|
||
Kimura
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFBCA53EDC3B4FBB9" box="[1135,1191,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFAB153ECC288FBB9" ID-CoL="65SF" box="[1300,1435,1016,1040]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Nuchequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFAB153ECC288FBB9" box="[1300,1435,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Nuchequula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recovered as the sister taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFDB45408C57AFB9D" ID-CoL="57GW" box="[529,617,1052,1076]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Karalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFDB45408C57AFB9D" box="[529,617,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Karalla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and placed within the tribe Nuchequulini, subfamily Gazzinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA17FF9FFF625454C45FFB6C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
|
||
8)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFF4C542BC422FBF1" ID-CoL="6P4T" authority="Sparks, Dunlap" authorityName="Sparks, Dunlap" authorityYear="2005" box="[233,817,1087,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photopectoralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFF4C542BC68DFBF1" bold="true" box="[233,414,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Photopectoralis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFE0C542BC422FBF1" author="Sparks" box="[425,817,1087,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Sparks, J. S., Dunlap, P. V. & Smith, W. L. (2005) Evolution and diversification of a sexually dimorphic luminescent system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), including diagnoses for two new genera. Cladistics, 21, 305 - 327. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2005.00067. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Sparks, Dunlap, and Smith, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA17FF9FFC9A5454C464FBF1" box="[831,887,1088,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFC435454C7C1FBD5" ID-CoL="3SYMS" authority="Abe and Haneda, 1972" authorityName="Abe and Haneda" authorityYear="1972" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFC435454C3D4FBF1" box="[998,1223,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Leiognathus aureus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFB77542BC7C1FBD5" author="Abe" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Abe, T. & Haneda, Y. (1972) Descriptions of two new species of the ponyfish genus Leiognathus from Indonesia. Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum, 19, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1972">Abe and Haneda, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFDAA5470C5D1FBD5" ID-CoL="6P4T" box="[527,706,1124,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photopectoralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFDAA5470C5D1FBD5" box="[527,706,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Photopectoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently comprises
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFC6D5471C324FBD5" ID-CoL="3SYMS" box="[968,1079,1125,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Leiognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFC6D5471C324FBD5" box="[968,1079,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">P. aureus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFBEB5471C3AEFBD5" ID-CoL="4GT7G" box="[1102,1213,1124,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photopectoralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bindus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFBEB5471C3AEFBD5" box="[1102,1213,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">P. bindus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFB765471C226FBD5" box="[1235,1333,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">P. h at a i i</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFA225471C600FB36" ID-CoL="4GT7J" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photopectoralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFA225471C600FB36" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">P. panayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, plus at least two undescribed species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFD76549CC495FB09" ID-CoL="6P4T" box="[723,902,1160,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Photopectoralis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFD76549CC495FB09" box="[723,902,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Photopectoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recovered as the sister group to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFAB1549CC288FB09" ID-CoL="62RJZ" box="[1300,1435,1160,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Eubleekeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFAB1549CC288FB09" box="[1300,1435,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Eubleekeria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and placed within the tribe Eubleekerini, subfamily Gazzinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9036E5EA17FF9FFF6254C4C445FA99" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">
|
||
9)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFF4254DBC5B2FB41" ID-CoL="57GW" authority="Chakrabarty and Sparks, 2008" authorityName="Chakrabarty and Sparks" authorityYear="2008" box="[231,673,1231,1256]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Karalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFF4254DBC62DFB41" bold="true" box="[231,318,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Karalla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFEE354DBC5B2FB41" author="Chakrabarty" box="[326,673,1231,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Chakrabarty, P. & Sparks, J. S. (2008) Diagnoses for Leiognathus Lacepede 1802, Equula Cuvier 1815, Equulites Fowler 1904, Eubleekeria Fowler 1904, and a new ponyfish genus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). American Museum Novitates, 3623, 1 - 11. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 618.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Chakrabarty and Sparks, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54948847EA17FF9FFD0854C4C5F7FB41" box="[685,740,1232,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFCEB54C4C390FB41" authority="Cuvier 1829" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[846,1155,1231,1256]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFCEB54C4C4F8FB41" box="[846,1003,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Equula daura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B14EA17FF9FFC5154DBC390FB41" author="Cuvier" box="[1012,1155,1231,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" refString="Cuvier, G. (1829) Le Regne Animal, distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Edition 2. Regne Animal 2, i - xv + 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1829">Cuvier 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFF3254E0C7FCFAA5" ID-CoL="57GW" box="[151,239,1268,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Karalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFF3254E0C7FCFAA5" box="[151,239,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Karalla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently comprises
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFE7A54E1C556FAA5" box="[479,581,1268,1292]" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Equula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFE7A54E1C556FAA5" box="[479,581,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">K. daura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFDDA54E1C40EFAA5" ID-CoL="3R2KH" box="[639,797,1268,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Karalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dussumieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFDDA54E1C40EFAA5" box="[639,797,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">K. dussumieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFC8954E0C490FAA5" ID-CoL="57GW" box="[812,899,1268,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Karalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFC8954E0C490FAA5" box="[812,899,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Karalla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recovered as the sister taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D66EA17FF9FFAB154E0C288FAA5" ID-CoL="65SF" box="[1300,1435,1268,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Leiognathidae" genus="Nuchequula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BEAF7EA17FF9FFAB154E0C288FAA5" box="[1300,1435,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="187">Nuchequula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and placed within the tribe Nuchequulini, subfamily Gazzinae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |