1250 lines
169 KiB
XML
1250 lines
169 KiB
XML
<document id="3A6066661319A2D6DF99AEB250E32712" ID-CLB-Dataset="5350" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d66f1b27-5891-4fa5-96e0-f75cb3ec2445" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10086256" ID-ZooBank="A3C10B34-7698-4C4D-94E5-DCF70B475603" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623272878632" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schmidt, C. A. & Shattuck, S. O." docDate="2014" docId="03775906A60E2C57FF17FBFA13E7FDC7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03817p242.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3817 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Odontomachus Latreille" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="118" masterDocId="FF4E217EA67F2C22FF80FFE61065FFFA" masterDocTitle="The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="114" updateTime="1699920028738" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="428969BF2FAFE4F35081FA279B22EC5C">
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<mods:title id="8F5A11745E701CAB751E6B2AE3D4066E">The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B087EA0966DDBEB0D9C1A1EDEAA52CF5">Schmidt, C. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="68F795EEA7F5E765B1DA77CF2CA09768">Shattuck, S. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AE96A4C9A71CD326E27824F6FBB2436F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3D11C886ADCEDA4AFE8B062B7F6F7520">
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<mods:date id="CBD42CD0EEE1F2128E9DA060CB4842C2">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B586EFA2081238B1DBE74759BD6AB59B">2014-06-18</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CACA57C9610097545B921ABA55E02698" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FD3B535A22B10B06D40F6516A73CEF27">3817</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="89441898CA899FA88023334968F6A321" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03775906A60E2C57FF17FBFA13E7FDC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5117500" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183709954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5117500" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03775906A60E2C57FF17FBFA13E7FDC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03775906A60E2C57FF17FBFA13E7FDC7" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA60E2C53FF17FBFA11A4FBCC" box="[151,449,1052,1078]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A60E2C53FF17FBFA11A4FBCC" blockId="113.[151,449,1052,1111]" box="[151,449,1052,1078]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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<heading id="D0295F7CA60E2C53FF17FBFA11A4FBCC" bold="true" box="[151,449,1052,1078]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FF17FBFA11A4FBCC" ID-CoL="66Y3" ID-ENA="43086" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" box="[151,449,1052,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF17FBFA11A4FBCC" bold="true" box="[151,449,1052,1078]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF17FBFA112AFBCC" bold="true" box="[151,335,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
Latreille
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA60E2C53FF17FBD81083FBAD" box="[151,230,1086,1111]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A60E2C53FF17FBD81083FBAD" blockId="113.[151,449,1052,1111]" box="[151,230,1086,1111]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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<figureCitation id="13E5F495A60E2C53FF17FBD81083FBAD" box="[151,230,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="114.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-227@114.[151,1436,589,1957]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 19. Worker caste of Odontomachus turneri: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head (CASENT0172405, April Nobile and www.antweb.org); world distribution of Odontomachus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10120856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10120856/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA60E2C53FF17FB6011C5F9DF" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B61E810A60E2C53FF17FB601522FB66" blockId="113.[151,1436,1158,1395]" box="[151,1351,1158,1180]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABCECF3EA60E2C53FF17FB601522FB66" box="[151,1351,1158,1180]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A60E2C53FF17FB60119AFB66" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[151,511,1158,1180]" page="179" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" year="1804">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FF17FB60119AFB66" ID-CoL="66Y3" authority="Latreille, 1804: 179" authorityName="Latreille" authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1804" box="[151,511,1158,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF17FB601155FB66" box="[151,304,1158,1180]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FEB6FB60119AFB66" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[310,511,1158,1180]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="129 - 200" refId="ref150252" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1804) Tableau methodique des insectes. In: Societe de Naturalistes et d'Agriculteurs. Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle. Tome 24. Deterville, Paris, pp. 129 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1804">Latreille, 1804: 179</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(as genus). Type-species:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A60E2C53FC8AFB6114D4FB66" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[778,1201,1158,1180]" page="582" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" year="1758">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FC8AFB6114D4FB66" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 582" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="582" authorityYear="1758" box="[778,1201,1158,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FC8AFB6113BCFB66" box="[778,985,1158,1180]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Formica haematoda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FC5EFB6014D4FB66" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[990,1201,1158,1180]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" refId="ref151604" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. L. Salvii, Holmiae [= Stockholm], 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 582</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; by monotypy.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60E2C53FF17FB4312CDFB23" blockId="113.[151,1436,1158,1395]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABCECF3EA60E2C53FF17FB4312CDFB23" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A60E2C53FF17FB4311D7FB41" author="Bernstein, A." box="[151,434,1189,1211]" page="7" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" year="1861">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FF17FB4311D7FB41" authority="Bernstein, 1861: 7" authorityName="Bernstein" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,434,1189,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pedetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF17FB431083FB41" box="[151,230,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Pedetes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FF6FFB4311D7FB41" author="Bernstein, A." box="[239,434,1189,1211]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="7 - 8" refId="ref132750" refString="Bernstein, A. (1861) [Untitled. Introduced by: " Von Herrn Dr. Agath. Berstein in Gadok auf Java ist folgendes Schreiben eingegangen: ".]. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 11, 7 - 8." type="journal article" year="1861">Bernstein, 1861: 7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Type-species:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A60E2C53FDD3FB431476FB41" author="Bernstein, A." box="[595,1043,1189,1211]" page="8" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" year="1861">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FDD3FB431476FB41" authority="Bernstein, 1861: 8" authorityName="Bernstein" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1861" box="[595,1043,1189,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pedetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrorhynchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FDD3FB43132DFB41" box="[595,840,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Pedetes macrorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FCD1FB431476FB41" author="Bernstein, A." box="[849,1043,1189,1211]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="7 - 8" refId="ref132750" refString="Bernstein, A. (1861) [Untitled. Introduced by: " Von Herrn Dr. Agath. Berstein in Gadok auf Java ist folgendes Schreiben eingegangen: ".]. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 11, 7 - 8." type="journal article" year="1861">Bernstein, 1861: 8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; by monotypy.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A60E2C53FB39FB4315F9FB41" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. von" box="[1209,1436,1189,1211]" page="51" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" year="1893">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FB39FB4315F9FB41" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. von" box="[1209,1436,1189,1211]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" refId="ref136742" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. von (1893) Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, 289 pp." type="book" year="1893">Dalla Torre, 1893: 51</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FF4FFB22117BFB20" authorityName="Bernstein" authorityYear="1861" box="[207,286,1220,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pedetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF4FFB22117BFB20" box="[207,286,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Pedetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FD81FB2212FFFB20" ID-CoL="66Y3" box="[513,666,1220,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FD81FB2212FFFB20" box="[513,666,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60E2C53FF17FB04136EFAED" blockId="113.[151,1436,1158,1395]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABCECF3EA60E2C53FF17FB04136EFAED" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A60E2C53FF17FB041262FB02" author="Emery, C." box="[151,519,1250,1272]" page="558" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" year="1892">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FF17FB041262FB02" authority="Emery, 1892: 558" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="558" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,519,1250,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Champsomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF17FB041122FB02" box="[151,327,1250,1272]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Champsomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FECEFB051262FB02" author="Emery, C." box="[334,519,1250,1272]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="553 - 574" refId="ref140718" refString="Emery, C. (1892) [1891]. Voyage de M. Ch. Alluaud dans le territoire d'Assinie (Afrique occidentale) en juillet et aout 1886. Formicides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 60, 553 - 574." type="journal article" year="1892">Emery, 1892: 558</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Type-species:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A60E2C53FD23FB041435FB02" author="Roger, J." box="[675,1104,1250,1272]" page="30" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" year="1861">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FD23FB041435FB02" ID-CoL="48QBL" authority="Roger, 1861: 30" authorityName="Roger" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1861" box="[675,1104,1250,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquereli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FD23FB0413C6FB02" box="[675,931,1250,1272]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus coquereli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FC29FB051435FB02" author="Roger, J." box="[937,1104,1250,1272]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref160915" refString="Roger, J. (1861) Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen (Schluss). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 5, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1861">Roger, 1861: 30</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; by monotypy.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A60E2C53FB6FFB0515F9FB02" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1263,1436,1250,1272]" page="96" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FB6FFB0515F9FB02" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1263,1436,1250,1272]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976: 96</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FF4FFAE7111AFAED" box="[207,383,1281,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Champsomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF4FFAE7111AFAED" box="[207,383,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Champsomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FDE2FAE7129EFAED" ID-CoL="66Y3" box="[610,763,1281,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FDE2FAE7129EFAED" box="[610,763,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60E2C53FF17FAC61476FACF" blockId="113.[151,1436,1158,1395]" box="[151,1043,1312,1334]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF17FAC61126FACC" box="[151,323,1312,1334]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Thempsomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FEC9FAC61199FACC" author="Forel, A." box="[329,508,1312,1334]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="161 - 167" refId="ref142534" refString="Forel, A. (1893 a) Sur la classification de la famille des Formicides, avec remarques synonymiques. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 37, 161 - 167." type="journal article" year="1893">Forel, 1893a: 163</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(incorrect subsequent spelling of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FCD4FAC61461FACC" box="[852,1028,1312,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Champsomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FCD4FAC61461FACC" box="[852,1028,1312,1334]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Champsomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60E2C53FF17FAD9157BFA89" blockId="113.[151,1436,1158,1395]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABCECF3EA60E2C53FF17FAD9157BFA89" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A60E2C53FF17FAD91272FAAE" author="Matsumura, S." box="[151,535,1342,1364]" page="191" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" year="1912">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FF17FAD91272FAAE" authority="Matsumura, 1912: 191" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityPageNumber="191" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,535,1342,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrtoteras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF17FAD9116DFAAE" box="[151,264,1343,1364]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Myrtoteras</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FE98FAD91272FAAE" author="Matsumura, S." box="[280,535,1342,1364]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" refId="ref154852" refString="Matsumura, S. (1912) Thousand insects of Japan. Supplement IV. Keishu-sha, Tokyo, 247 pp. + 14 pl. + 4 pp." type="book" year="1912">Matsumura, 1912: 191</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Type-species:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A60E2C53FD47FAD914D7FAAE" author="Matsumura, S." box="[711,1202,1342,1364]" page="192" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" year="1912">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FD47FAD914D7FAAE" authority="Matsumura, 1912: 192" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityPageNumber="192" authorityYear="1912" box="[711,1202,1342,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrtoteras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuroiwae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FD47FAD913C0FAAE" box="[711,933,1342,1364]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Myrtoteras kuroiwae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FC36FAD914D7FAAE" author="Matsumura, S." box="[950,1202,1342,1364]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" refId="ref154852" refString="Matsumura, S. (1912) Thousand insects of Japan. Supplement IV. Keishu-sha, Tokyo, 247 pp. + 14 pl. + 4 pp." type="book" year="1912">Matsumura, 1912: 192</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FF47FABB1232FA89" ID-CoL="48QC7" authority="Emery, 1892" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1892" box="[199,599,1373,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF47FABB11AEFA89" box="[199,459,1373,1395]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus monticola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FE52FAB81232FA89" author="Emery, C." box="[466,599,1373,1395]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="553 - 574" refId="ref140718" refString="Emery, C. (1892) [1891]. Voyage de M. Ch. Alluaud dans le territoire d'Assinie (Afrique occidentale) en juillet et aout 1886. Formicides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 60, 553 - 574." type="journal article" year="1892">Emery, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A7FCE01A60E2C53FDE8FAB81376FA89" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[616,787,1373,1395]" page="96" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FDE8FAB81376FA89" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[616,787,1373,1395]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976: 96</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FCA2FAB813F6FA89" box="[802,915,1374,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrtoteras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FCA2FAB813F6FA89" box="[802,915,1374,1395]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Myrtoteras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FBF5FABB156BFA89" ID-CoL="66Y3" box="[1141,1294,1373,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FBF5FABB156BFA89" box="[1141,1294,1373,1395]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60E2C53FF17FA7911C5F9DF" blockId="113.[151,1437,1439,2005]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FF17FA791124FA42" ID-CoL="66Y3" box="[151,321,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF17FA791124FA42" box="[151,321,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a large genus (63 described extant species) widespread and abundant in the tropics and subtropics of the world, with a few species extending into temperate regions. Like its sister genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FBEFFA221481FA27" ID-CoL="WNN" box="[1135,1252,1476,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FBEFFA221481FA27" box="[1135,1252,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FB72FA2215F9FA27" ID-CoL="66Y3" box="[1266,1436,1476,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FB72FA2215F9FA27" box="[1266,1436,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is notable for its remarkable trap mandibles. The closure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FCB3FA0113B8F9FA" ID-CoL="66Y3" box="[819,989,1511,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FCB3FA0113B8F9FA" box="[819,989,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mandibles is the fastest movement ever recorded in any animal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA60E2C51FF47F9C913E6FE2A" lastPageId="115" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60E2C53FF47F9C914B3F8BF" blockId="113.[151,1437,1439,2005]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF47F9C91124F9B2" bold="true" box="[199,321,1583,1608]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FE54F9C91218F9B2" box="[468,637,1583,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FE54F9C91218F9B2" box="[468,637,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are so distinctive that they are difficult to confuse with those of any other genus except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FEF4F9B2118DF997" box="[372,488,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FEF4F9B2118DF997" box="[372,488,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the sister genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FD51F9B2131EF997" box="[721,891,1620,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FD51F9B2131EF997" box="[721,891,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The unusual trap mandibles and head shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FF17F9911124F96A" box="[151,321,1655,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF17F9911124F96A" box="[151,321,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are synapomorphic with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FDDFF99112B6F96A" box="[607,723,1655,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FDDFF99112B6F96A" box="[607,723,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the genera are readily differentiated by examination of the posterior face of the head. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FE69F97A12F6F94F" box="[489,659,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FE69F97A12F6F94F" box="[489,659,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the nuchal carina is V-shaped medially, and the posterior surface of the head has a pair of dark converging apophyseal lines. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FCAEF95913C6F922" box="[814,931,1727,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FCAEF95913C6F922" box="[814,931,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the nuchal carina is continuously curved and the posterior surface of the head lacks visible apophyseal lines. These genera also tend to differ in size (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FAA7F90215FEF907" box="[1319,1435,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FAA7F90215FEF907" box="[1319,1435,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are generally smaller, though there is some overlap), propodeal teeth (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FB97F8E114A4F8DA" box="[1047,1217,1799,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FB97F8E114A4F8DA" box="[1047,1217,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but usually present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FF34F8CA114DF8BF" box="[180,296,1836,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF34F8CA114DF8BF" box="[180,296,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and petiole shape (always coniform in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FD71F8CA13FEF8BF" box="[753,923,1836,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FD71F8CA13FEF8BF" box="[753,923,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but variable in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FBD2F8CA14A3F8BF" box="[1106,1222,1836,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FBD2F8CA14A3F8BF" box="[1106,1222,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60E2C50FF47F8A914F4FE2A" blockId="113.[151,1437,1439,2005]" lastBlockId="114.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FF47F8A911A0F892" bold="true" box="[199,453,1871,1896]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Synoptic description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60E2C53FE4DF8A91243F892" box="[461,550,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Worker.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium to large (TL
|
||
<quantity id="4C2645F5A60E2C53FCA6F8A913F0F89D" box="[806,917,1871,1896]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="6.0">6–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60E2C53FC22F8B61452F892" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[930,1079,1871,1896]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) slender ants with the standard characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60E2C53FEB1F89211F6F877" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[305,403,1908,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mandibles straight and narrow, articulating with the head medially, capable of being held open at 180°, and with a trio of large apical teeth and often a row of smaller teeth along the masticatory margin. Head with a pair of long trigger setae below the mandibles. Clypeus truncate laterally and anteriorly. Frontal lobes small and relatively widely spaced. Head strangely shaped: much longer than wide, with a distinct constriction behind the eyes and then often a gradual broadening posteriorly, the posterior margin of the head straight or mildly concave, the nuchal carina V-shaped medially, the posterior surface of the head with a pair of dark converging apophyseal lines. Eyes fairly large, located anterior of head midline on temporal prominences. Metanotal groove shallowly to deeply impressed. Propodeum broadly rounded dorsally, as broad as mesonotum but narrower than pronotum. Propodeal spiracles small, circular to ovoid. Metatibial spur formula (1s, 1p). Petiole surmounted by a conical node, topped by a posteriorly-directed spine of variable length. Gaster without a girdling constriction between pre- and postsclerites of A4. Stridulitrum almost always present on pretergite of A4. Head and body shiny to lightly striate, with very sparse pilosity and pubescence. Color variable, orange to black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60D2C50FF47FE3A13A7FDE2" blockId="114.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60D2C50FF47FE3A1172FE09" box="[199,279,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Queen.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to worker but slightly larger, alate and with the other caste differences typical for ponerines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60D2C50FF1FFE191153FDE2" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[159,310,511,536]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Queens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60D2C50FE43FDE6122BFDE2" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" box="[451,590,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquereli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60D2C50FE43FDE6122BFDE2" box="[451,590,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">O. coquereli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are ergatoid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60D2C50FD68FE1913D3FDE2" author="Molet, M. & Peeters, C. & Fisher, B. L." box="[744,950,511,536]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="183 - 188" refId="ref155709" refString="Molet, M., Peeters, C. & Fisher, B. L. (2007) Permanent loss of wings in queens of the ant Odontomachus coquereli from Madagascar. Insectes Sociaux, 54, 183 - 188. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00040 - 007 - 0930 - 0" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Molet
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60D2C50FCB4FDE71309FDE2" box="[820,876,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DFA1B898A60D2C50FF17F85C1437F814" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10120856" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10120856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10120856/files/figure.png" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" startId="114.[151,250,1978,2000]" targetBox="[151,1436,589,1946]" targetPageId="114">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60D2C50FF17F85C1437F814" blockId="114.[151,1436,1978,2031]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60D2C50FF17F85C114DF835" bold="true" box="[151,296,1978,2000]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Worker caste of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60D2C50FE77F85C1280F82A" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1900" box="[503,741,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60D2C50FE77F85C1280F82A" box="[503,741,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Odontomachus turneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: lateral and dorsal view of body and full-face view of head (CASENT0172405, April Nobile and www.antweb.org); world distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60D2C50FC33F83F1429F815" box="[947,1100,2009,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60D2C50FC33F83F1429F815" box="[947,1100,2009,2031]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60C2C51FF47FF71139FFF4A" blockId="115.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1018,151,176]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FF47FF71116DFF4A" box="[199,264,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="491A26F2A60C2C51FE8EFF711153FF4A" box="[270,310,151,176]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">See</collectingRegion>
|
||
descriptions in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FE69FF7E12E2FF4A" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[489,647,151,176]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FD3DFF711390FF4A" author="Yoshimura, M. & Fisher, B. L." box="[701,1013,151,176]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="21 - 40" refId="ref169599" refString="Yoshimura, M. & Fisher, B. L. (2007) A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Key to subfamilies and treatment of the genera of Ponerinae. Zootaxa, 1654, 21 - 40." type="journal article" year="2007">Yoshimura & Fisher (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60C2C51FF47FF5B13AEFF02" blockId="115.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FF47FF5B1174FF2E" box="[199,273,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Larva.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae of various
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FE65FF5A1283FF2F" box="[485,742,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FE65FF5A12EAFF2F" box="[485,655,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FC7BFF5A14CBFF2F" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[1019,1198,188,213]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="293 - 343" refId="ref167678" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1918) A study of some ant larvae, with a consideration of the origin and meaning of the social habit among insects. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 57 (4), 293 - 343." type="journal article" year="1918">Wheeler (1918)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FB3AFF5A10BEFF02" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="604 - 672" refId="ref166964" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1952) The ant larvae of the subfamily Ponerinae - Part II. American Midland Naturalist, 48, 604 - 672. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422200" type="journal article" year="1952">Wheeler & Wheeler (1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF66FF391144FF02" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." box="[230,289,223,248]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="443 - 462" refId="ref167049" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1964) The ant larvae of the subfamily Ponerinae: supplement. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 57, 443 - 462." type="journal article" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FEACFF391116FF02" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." box="[300,371,223,248]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1197 - 1217" refId="ref167087" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1971 a) Ant larvae of the subfamily Ponerinae: second supplement. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6, 64, 1197 - 1217." type="journal article" year="1971">1971a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FEFEFF3911DFFF02" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." box="[382,442,223,248]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="527 - 545" refId="ref167248" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1980) Supplementary studies on ant larvae: Ponerinae, Myrmicinae and Formicinae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 106, 527 - 545." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FE4EFF06120BFF02" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[462,622,223,248]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FD29FF3913A3FF02" author="Petralia, R. S. & Vinson, S. B." box="[681,966,223,248]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="375 - 394" refId="ref160007" refString="Petralia, R. S. & Vinson, S. B. (1980) Comparative anatomy of the ventral region of ant larvae, and its relation to feeding behavior. Psyche (Camb.), 86, 375 - 394." type="journal article" year="1980">Petralia & Vinson (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60C2C51FF47FEE213E6FE2A" blockId="115.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FF47FEE21197FEE7" bold="true" box="[199,498,260,285]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FE7DFEE212C2FEE7" box="[509,679,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FE7DFEE212C2FEE7" box="[509,679,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is abundant in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, though it is most diverse in the Asian tropics and the Neotropics.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A60C2C51FCECFEC113B6FEBA" box="[876,979,295,320]" name="Australia" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
boasts a handful of species, while Africa has two species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FEDCFEAA119FFE9E" authorityName=": Ledoux" authorityYear="1952" box="[348,506,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assiniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FEDCFEAA119FFE9E" box="[348,506,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. assiniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FDB6FEAA12BDFE9F" authorityName=": Colombel" authorityYear="1972" box="[566,728,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FDB6FEAA12BDFE9F" box="[566,728,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the Malagasy region has three species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FB63FEAA1515FE9F" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" box="[1251,1392,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquereli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB63FEAA1515FE9F" box="[1251,1392,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. coquereli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FA01FEAA1171FE72" authorityName=": Colombel" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FA01FEAA1171FE72" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FED6FE96118BFE72" authorityName=": Wilson" authorityYear="1959" box="[342,494,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FED6FE96118BFE72" box="[342,494,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. simillimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter apparently introduced to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A60C2C51FC38FE891456FE72" box="[952,1075,367,392]" name="Seychelles" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FBC1FE89155AFE72" author="Fisher, B. L. & Smith, M. A." box="[1089,1343,367,392]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="1787" refId="ref142206" refString="Fisher, B. L. & Smith, M. A. (2008) A revision of Malagasy species of Anochetus Mayr and Odontomachus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS ONE, 3 (5), e 1787, 1 - 23. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0001787" type="journal article" year="2008">Fisher & Smith, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A few species extend into temperate regions, notably in the southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A60C2C51FC35FE721437FE57" box="[949,1106,404,429]" name="United States of America" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A60C2C51FB7AFE72155AFE57" box="[1274,1343,404,429]" name="China" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A60C2C51FF17FE51116CFE2A" box="[151,265,439,464]" name="Argentina" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A60C2C51FE5EFE511220FE2A" box="[478,581,439,464]" name="Australia" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(reviewed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FD60FE5E1313FE2A" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[736,886,439,464]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3C4BB9BA60C2C57FF47FE3A13E7FDC7" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60C2C51FF47FE3A112CFB3F" blockId="115.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FF47FE3A11B3FE0F" bold="true" box="[199,470,476,501]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
In most respects
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FD28FE3A1337FE0F" box="[680,850,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FD28FE3A1337FE0F" box="[680,850,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are fairly typical ponerines. The nesting habits of many species have been observed, and most of these nest in soil or rotting wood (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FBA2FDE71434FDE2" box="[1058,1105,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FBD8FDE61510FDE2" authority=": Brandao, 1983" authorityName="Brandao" authorityYear="1983" box="[1112,1397,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FBD8FDE614A5FDE2" box="[1112,1216,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FB4EFE191510FDE2" author="Brandao, C. R. F." box="[1230,1397,511,536]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="193 - 203" refId="ref134113" refString="Brandao, C. R. F. (1983) Sequential ethograms along colony development of Odontomachus affinis Guerin (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). Insectes Sociaux, 30 (2), 193 - 203. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02223869" type="journal article" year="1983">Brandão, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FA01FDE61275FDC7" authority=": Ehmer & Holldobler, 1995" authorityName=": Ehmer & Holldobler" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FA01FDE610B6FDC7" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. bauri</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF62FDC21275FDC7" author="Ehmer, B. & Holldobler, B." box="[226,528,548,573]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="215 - 224" refId="ref140474" refString="Ehmer, B. & Holldobler, B. (1995) Foraging behavior of Odontomachus bauri on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Pysche, 102, 215 - 224. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1995 / 27197" type="journal article" year="1995">Ehmer & Hölldobler, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FD9BFDC213C7FDC7" box="[539,930,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FD9BFDC212C2FDC7" baseAuthorityName="Patton" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[539,679,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">O. brunneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FD32FDC21379FDC7" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" box="[690,796,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarus">O. clarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FCA7FDC213FBFDC7" authorityName="Deyrup & Cover" authorityYear="2004" box="[807,926,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">O. relictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FC58FDC21513FDC7" authority=": Deyrup & Cover, 2004" authorityName=": Deyrup & Cover" authorityYear="2004" box="[984,1398,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginodis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FC58FDC21400FDC7" box="[984,1125,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. ruginodis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FBF3FDC21513FDC7" author="Deyrup, M. & Cover, S." box="[1139,1398,548,573]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="136 - 144" refId="ref139147" refString="Deyrup, M. & Cover, S. (2004) A new species of Odontomachus ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from inland ridges of Florida, with a key to Odontomachus of the United States. Florida Entomologist, 87 (2), 136 - 144. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2004) 087 [0136: ansooa] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Deyrup & Cover, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FA01FDC211A1FD9A" authority=": Wilson, 1959 b" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FA01FDC2116AFD9A" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. cephalotes</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FE9DFDA111A1FD9A" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[285,452,583,608]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="483 - 510" refId="ref168762" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1959 b) Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia V. The tribe Odontomachini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 120, 483 - 510." type="journal article" year="1959">Wilson, 1959b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FE4EFDAE128EFD9A" authority=": Fowler, 1980" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityYear="1980" box="[462,747,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FE4EFDAE1220FD9A" box="[462,581,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. chelifer</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FDD4FDA1128EFD9A" author="Fowler, H. G." box="[596,747,583,608]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="79 - 84" refId="ref143393" refString="Fowler, H. G. (1980) Populations, prey capture and sharing, and foraging of the Paraguayan ponerine Odontomachus chelifer Latreille. Journal of Natural History, 14 (1), 79 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938000770081" type="journal article" year="1980">Fowler, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FD76FDAE146DFD9A" author="Passos, L. & Oliveira, P. S." box="[758,1032,583,608]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="376 - 382" refId="ref158394" refString="Passos, L. & Oliveira, P. S. (2004) Interaction between ants and fruits of Guapira opposita (Nyctaginaceae) in a Brazilian sandy plain rainforest: ant effects on seeds and seedlings. Oecologia, 139, 376 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00442 - 004 - 1531 - 5" type="journal article" year="2004">Passos & Oliveira, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FB93FDAE1513FD9A" authority=": Molet et al., 2007" authorityName="Molet" authorityYear="2007" box="[1043,1398,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquereli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB93FDAE14FBFD9A" box="[1043,1182,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. coquereli</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FB2CFDA11513FD9A" author="Molet, M. & Peeters, C. & Fisher, B. L." box="[1196,1398,583,608]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="183 - 188" refId="ref155709" refString="Molet, M., Peeters, C. & Fisher, B. L. (2007) Permanent loss of wings in queens of the ant Odontomachus coquereli from Madagascar. Insectes Sociaux, 54, 183 - 188. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00040 - 007 - 0930 - 0" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Molet
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB75FDAF1548FD9A" box="[1269,1325,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FA01FDAE1264FD7F" authority=": Longino, 2013" authorityName="Longino" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FA01FDAE1129FD7F" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. erythrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FEDAFD8A1264FD7F" author="Longino, J. T." box="[346,513,620,645]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref152255" refString="Longino, J. T. (2013) Ants of Costa Rica. Available from: http: // academic. evergreen. edu / projects / ants / AntsofCostaRica. html (accessed 10 November 2013)" type="url" year="2013">Longino, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FD8CFD8A13A1FD7F" authority=": de la Mora et al., 2007" authorityName="de la Mora" authorityYear="2007" box="[524,964,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaciventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FD8CFD8A12DDFD7E" box="[524,696,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. opaciventris</emphasis>
|
||
: de la Mora
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FCC4FD8B1319FD7F" box="[836,892,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FC4FFD8A1490FD7F" authority=": Ito et al., 1996" authorityName="Ito" authorityYear="1996" box="[975,1269,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rixosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FC4FFD8A1424FD7E" box="[975,1089,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. rixosus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FBCFFD8A1490FD7F" author="Ito, F. & Yusoff, N. R. & Idris, A. H." box="[1103,1269,620,645]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="77 - 86" refId="ref147716" refString="Ito, F., Yusoff, N. R. & Idris, A. H. (1996) Colony composition and queen behavior in polygynous colonies of the Oriental ponerine ant Odontomachus rixosus (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 43, 77 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01253958" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Ito
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FBF5FD8B14C9FD7F" box="[1141,1196,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FB7FFD8A1125FD52" authority=": Wilson, 1959 b" authorityName=": Wilson" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB7FFD8A15F1FD7F" box="[1279,1428,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. simillimus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF17FD691125FD52" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[151,320,655,680]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="483 - 510" refId="ref168762" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1959 b) Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia V. The tribe Odontomachini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 120, 483 - 510." type="journal article" year="1959">Wilson, 1959b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FECEFD76120CFD52" author="van Walsum, E. & Gobin, B. & Ito, F. & Billen, J." box="[334,617,655,680]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="427 - 440" refId="ref165031" refString="van Walsum, E., Gobin, B., Ito, F. & Billen, J. (1998) Worker reproduction in the ponerine ant Odontomachus simillimus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 32 (3), 427 - 440." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
van Walsum
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FE64FD77127BFD52" box="[484,542,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FDF7FD7613A8FD52" authority=": Wilson, 1959 b" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1959" box="[631,973,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tyrannicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FDF7FD761377FD5D" box="[631,786,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. tyrannicus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FCA3FD6913A8FD52" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[803,973,655,680]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="483 - 510" refId="ref168762" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1959 b) Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia V. The tribe Odontomachini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 120, 483 - 510." type="journal article" year="1959">Wilson, 1959b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), though some species will nest in more unusual locations such as in abandoned termite nests (Déjean
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FCCBFD5313E6FD37" box="[843,899,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996, 1997) or arboreally (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB3FFD53148BFD36" box="[1215,1262,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FB75FD52112AFD0A" authority=": Colombel, 1972" authorityName=": Colombel" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB75FD5215F1FD37" box="[1269,1428,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF17FD31112AFD0A" author="Colombel, P. P." box="[151,335,727,752]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="171 - 194" refId="ref135759" refString="Colombel, P. P. (1972) Recherches sur la biologie et l'ethologie d' Odontomachus haematodes L. (Hym. Formicoidea, Poneridae) biologie des ouvrieres. Insectes Sociaux, 3, 171 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02226625" type="journal article" year="1972">Colombel, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FEDBFD3E1219FD0A" box="[347,636,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FEDBFD3E118CFD0A" baseAuthorityName="Patton" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[347,489,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">O. brunneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FE75FD3E121DFD0A" authorityName=": Longino" authorityYear="2013" box="[501,632,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hastatus">O. hastatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FD34FD3E1368FD15" authorityName="Mann" authorityYear="1912" box="[692,781,728,751]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FD34FD3E1368FD15" box="[692,781,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. mayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FC9CFD3E13D7FD0A" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[796,946,727,752]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FC3FFD3E147BFD0A" authorityName=": Ehmer & Holldobler" authorityYear="1995" box="[959,1054,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FC3FFD3E147BFD0A" box="[959,1054,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. bauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FBD6FD3E15F5FD0A" authority=": Longino, 2013" authorityName=": Longino" authorityYear="2013" box="[1110,1424,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hastatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FBD6FD3E14B3FD0A" box="[1110,1238,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. hastatus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FB66FD3115F5FD0A" author="Longino, J. T." box="[1254,1424,727,752]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref152255" refString="Longino, J. T. (2013) Ants of Costa Rica. Available from: http: // academic. evergreen. edu / projects / ants / AntsofCostaRica. html (accessed 10 November 2013)" type="url" year="2013">Longino, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FEB9FD1A11F8FCEF" authorityName=": Ehmer & Holldobler" authorityYear="1995" box="[313,413,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FEB9FD1A11F8FCEF" box="[313,413,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. bauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are apparently polydomous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FD7DFD1A1427FCEF" author="Ehmer, B. & Holldobler, B." box="[765,1090,764,789]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="215 - 224" refId="ref140474" refString="Ehmer, B. & Holldobler, B. (1995) Foraging behavior of Odontomachus bauri on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Pysche, 102, 215 - 224. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1995 / 27197" type="journal article" year="1995">Ehmer & Hölldobler, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FBDCFD1A1563FCEF" box="[1116,1286,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FBDCFD1A1563FCEF" box="[1116,1286,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers are monomorphic and are epigeic foragers, and some species are at least partially arboreal in their habits (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FAC7FCF910B6FCA7" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF5DFCA211E2FCA7" author="Longino, J. T." box="[221,391,836,861]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref152255" refString="Longino, J. T. (2013) Ants of Costa Rica. Available from: http: // academic. evergreen. edu / projects / ants / AntsofCostaRica. html (accessed 10 November 2013)" type="url" year="2013">Longino, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Most species are generalist predators of arthopods, though many species partially specialize on certain
|
||
<typeStatus id="546556B2A60C2C51FE92FC8E1128FC7A" box="[274,333,872,896]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of prey, especially termites (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FD1DFC8F12A9FC7A" box="[669,716,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FD56FC811315FC7A" author="Fowler, H. G." box="[726,880,871,896]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="79 - 84" refId="ref143393" refString="Fowler, H. G. (1980) Populations, prey capture and sharing, and foraging of the Paraguayan ponerine Odontomachus chelifer Latreille. Journal of Natural History, 14 (1), 79 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938000770081" type="journal article" year="1980">Fowler, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FCFEFC811440FC7A" author="Levieux, J." box="[894,1061,871,896]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="48 - 53" refId="ref151020" refString="Levieux, J. (1982) A comparison of the ground dwelling ant populations between a Guinea savanna and an evergreen rain forest of the Ivory Coast. Biology of Social Insects. Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of the IUSSI, pp. 48 - 53." type="proceedings paper" year="1982">Lévieux, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FBB3FC81150FFC7A" author="Ehmer, B. & Holldobler, B." box="[1075,1386,871,896]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="215 - 224" refId="ref140474" refString="Ehmer, B. & Holldobler, B. (1995) Foraging behavior of Odontomachus bauri on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Pysche, 102, 215 - 224. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1995 / 27197" type="journal article" year="1995">Ehmer & Hölldobler, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At least some species will also tend honeydew-secreting insects or visit extrafloral nectaries (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB66FC6B1570FC5E" box="[1254,1301,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FAA4FC6A113FFC32" authority=": Borgmeier, 1920" authorityName=": Borgmeier" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FAA4FC6A15F1FC5F" box="[1316,1428,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF17FC49113FFC32" author="Borgmeier, T." box="[151,346,943,968]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="31 - 38" refId="ref133935" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1920) Zur lebensweise von Odontomachus affinis Guerin. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Vereins fur Wissenschaft und Kunst in Sao Paulo, 1, 31 - 38." type="journal article" year="1920">Borgmeier, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FEEAFC56120FFC32" box="[362,618,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FEEAFC5611B5FC32" authorityName=": Ehmer & Holldobler" authorityYear="1995" box="[362,464,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauri">O. bauri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FE5FFC561200FC32" authorityName=": Longino" authorityYear="2013" box="[479,613,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hastatus">O. hastatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FD29FC561440FC32" authority=": Schemske, 1982" authorityName="Schemske" authorityYear="1982" box="[681,1061,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FD29FC561336FC3D" box="[681,851,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FCE6FC491440FC32" author="Schemske, D. W." box="[870,1061,943,968]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="932 - 941" refId="ref161498" refString="Schemske, D. W. (1982) Ecological correlates of a neotropical mutualism: ant assemblages at Costus extrafloral nectaries. Ecology, 63 (4), 932 - 941. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1937233" type="journal article" year="1982">Schemske, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FBB5FC491484FC32" author="Longino, J. T." box="[1077,1249,943,968]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref152255" refString="Longino, J. T. (2013) Ants of Costa Rica. Available from: http: // academic. evergreen. edu / projects / ants / AntsofCostaRica. html (accessed 10 November 2013)" type="url" year="2013">Longino, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FB70FC5611F7FC17" authority=": Evans & Leston, 1971" authorityName="Evans & Leston" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB70FC5615F1FC32" box="[1264,1428,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF17FC3211F7FC17" author="Evans, H. C. & Leston, D." box="[151,402,980,1005]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="357 - 362" refId="ref141567" refString="Evans, H. C. & Leston, D. (1971) A ponerine ant (Hym. Formicidae) associated with Homoptera on cocoa in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 61, 357 - 362. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0007485300057898" type="journal article" year="1971">Evans & Leston, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FE1DFC3212A1FC17" author="Lachaud, J. - P. & Dejean, A." box="[413,708,980,1005]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref149911" refString="Lachaud, J. - P. & Dejean, A. (1991 a) Food sharing in Odontomachus troglodytes (Santschi): a behavioral intermediate stage in the evolution of social food exchange in ants. Anales de Biologia, 17 (6), 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1991">Lachaud & Déjean, 1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the Neotropical species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FB91FC3214EDFC17" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityYear="1980" box="[1041,1160,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB91FC3214EDFC17" box="[1041,1160,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. chelifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to eat fruit and the arils of certain seeds, which the ants ultimately disperse (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FCE4FC11140EFBEA" author="Pizo, M. A. & Oliveira, P. S." box="[868,1131,1015,1040]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="669 - 674" refId="ref160187" refString="Pizo, M. A. & Oliveira, P. S. (1998) Interaction between ants and seeds of a nonmyrmecochorous neotropical tree, Cabralea canjerana (Meliaceae), in the Atlantic forest of southeast Brazil. American Journal of Botany, 85 (5), 669 - 674. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2446536" type="journal article" year="1998">Pizo & Oliveira, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FBFAFC1E15FDFBEA" author="Passos, L. & Oliveira, P. S." box="[1146,1432,1015,1040]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="517 - 528" refId="ref158277" refString="Passos, L. & Oliveira, P. S. (2002) Ants affect the distribution and performance of seedlings of Clusia criuva, a primarily birddispersed rain forest tree. Journal of Ecology, 90 (3), 517 - 528. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2745.2002.00687. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Passos & Oliveira, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF17FBFA10B1FBCF" author="Passos, L. & Oliveira, P. S." box="[151,212,1052,1077]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="376 - 382" refId="ref158394" refString="Passos, L. & Oliveira, P. S. (2004) Interaction between ants and fruits of Guapira opposita (Nyctaginaceae) in a Brazilian sandy plain rainforest: ant effects on seeds and seedlings. Oecologia, 139, 376 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00442 - 004 - 1531 - 5" type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FF66FBFA113AFBCF" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" box="[230,351,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FF66FBFA113AFBCF" box="[230,351,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. laticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FE16FBFA1270FBCE" authorityName="Mann" authorityYear="1912" box="[406,533,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meinerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FE16FBFA1270FBCE" box="[406,533,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. meinerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FDC4FBFA12A5FBCE" authorityName="Luederwaldt" authorityYear="1918" box="[580,704,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FDC4FBFA123DFBC9" box="[580,600,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FDE7FBFB12A5FBCE" box="[615,704,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) also collect seeds with nutritious arils (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FB03FBFA15F2FBCF" author="Horvitz, C. C. & Beattie, A. J." box="[1155,1431,1052,1077]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="321 - 326" refId="ref147037" refString="Horvitz, C. C. & Beattie, A. J. (1980) Ant dispersal of Calathea (Marantaceae) seeds by carnivorous ponerines (Formicidae) in a tropical rain forest. American Journal of Botany, 67 (3), 321 - 326. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2442342" type="journal article" year="1980">Horvitz & Beattie, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF17FBD91153FBA2" author="Horvitz, C. C." box="[151,310,1087,1112]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="47 - 52" refId="ref146963" refString="Horvitz, C. C. (1981) Analysis of how ant behaviors affect germination in a tropical myrmecochore Calathea microcephala (P. & E.) Koernicke (Marantaceae): microsite selection and aril removal by neotropical ants, Odontomachus, Pachycondyla, and Solenopsis (Formicidae). Oecologia, 51, 47 - 52. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00344651" type="journal article" year="1981">Horvitz, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FECAFBA611B7FBA2" box="[330,466,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malignus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FECAFBA611B7FBA2" box="[330,466,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. malignus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is notable for its habit of foraging among corals at low tide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FBFAFBD91541FBA2" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[1146,1316,1087,1112]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="483 - 510" refId="ref168762" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1959 b) Studies on the ant fauna of Melanesia V. The tribe Odontomachini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 120, 483 - 510." type="journal article" year="1959">Wilson, 1959b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Foraging workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FE97FB821110FB87" authorityName=": Ehmer & Holldobler" authorityYear="1995" box="[279,373,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FE97FB821110FB87" box="[279,373,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. bauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
navigate using visual cues from the forest canopy overhead as well as chemical cues (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FABFFB82111EFB5A" author="Oliveira, P. S. & Holldobler, B." pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="154 - 166" refId="ref157302" refString="Oliveira, P. S. & Holldobler, B. (1989) Orientation and communication in the neotropical ant Odontomachus bauri Emery (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). Ethology, 83 (2), 154 - 166. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1989. tb 00525. x" type="journal article" year="1989">Oliveira & Hölldobler, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Recruitment of nestmates via tandem running was observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FBE8FB6E1123FB3F" authority="(Lachaud & Dejean, 1991 a)" baseAuthorityName="Lachaud & Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FBE8FB6E156CFB5A" box="[1128,1289,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FA9AFB611159FB3F" author="Lachaud, J. - P. & Dejean, A." pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref149911" refString="Lachaud, J. - P. & Dejean, A. (1991 a) Food sharing in Odontomachus troglodytes (Santschi): a behavioral intermediate stage in the evolution of social food exchange in ants. Anales de Biologia, 17 (6), 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1991">Lachaud & Déjean, 1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60C2C51FF47FB2912EBFA67" blockId="115.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Colony size is highly variable across the genus, ranging from an average of only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9DD82399A60C2C51FBE9FB29148DFB12" box="[1129,1256,1231,1256]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="worker">18 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FA8FFB361115FAF7" authority="(Molet et al., 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Molet" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquereli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FA8FFB3615F9FB12" box="[1295,1436,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. coquereli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF1EFB12110DFAF7" author="Molet, M. & Peeters, C. & Fisher, B. L." box="[158,360,1268,1293]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="183 - 188" refId="ref155709" refString="Molet, M., Peeters, C. & Fisher, B. L. (2007) Permanent loss of wings in queens of the ant Odontomachus coquereli from Madagascar. Insectes Sociaux, 54, 183 - 188. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00040 - 007 - 0930 - 0" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Molet
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FF69FB131144FAF7" box="[233,289,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to as many as 10,000 workers in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FD62FB1214C0FAF7" authority="(de la Mora et al., 2007)" baseAuthorityName="de la Mora" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[738,1189,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaciventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FD62FB1213EBFAF6" box="[738,910,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. opaciventris</emphasis>
|
||
(de la Mora
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB9CFB131436FAF7" box="[1052,1107,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most species seem to have colony sizes of several hundred workers:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FD2CFAFE1340FACA" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityYear="1980" box="[684,805,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FD2CFAFE1340FACA" box="[684,805,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. chelifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies average between 100 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9DD82399A60C2C51FB29FAF11550FACA" box="[1193,1333,1303,1328]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="worker">650 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FAC5FAF110B6FAAF" author="Fowler, H. G." pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="79 - 84" refId="ref143393" refString="Fowler, H. G. (1980) Populations, prey capture and sharing, and foraging of the Paraguayan ponerine Odontomachus chelifer Latreille. Journal of Natural History, 14 (1), 79 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938000770081" type="journal article" year="1980">Fowler, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF60FADA119FFAAF" author="Passos, L. & Oliveira, P. S." box="[224,506,1340,1365]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="376 - 382" refId="ref158394" refString="Passos, L. & Oliveira, P. S. (2004) Interaction between ants and fruits of Guapira opposita (Nyctaginaceae) in a Brazilian sandy plain rainforest: ant effects on seeds and seedlings. Oecologia, 139, 376 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00442 - 004 - 1531 - 5" type="journal article" year="2004">Passos & Oliveira, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FD17FADA1369FAAE" box="[663,780,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rixosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FD17FADA1369FAAE" box="[663,780,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. rixosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had an average of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9DD82399A60C2C51FC6BFADA141DFAAF" box="[1003,1144,1340,1365]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="worker">142 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FB09FADA155CFAAF" author="Ito, F. & Yusoff, N. R. & Idris, A. H." box="[1161,1337,1340,1365]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="77 - 86" refId="ref147716" refString="Ito, F., Yusoff, N. R. & Idris, A. H. (1996) Colony composition and queen behavior in polygynous colonies of the Oriental ponerine ant Odontomachus rixosus (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 43, 77 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01253958" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Ito
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB33FADB148BFAAF" box="[1203,1262,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FA01FADA10B6FA82" authorityName=": Ehmer & Holldobler" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FA01FADA10B6FA82" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. bauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reported to have up to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9DD82399A60C2C51FE6DFAB91212FA82" box="[493,631,1375,1400]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="worker">300 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
per colony (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FC81FAB91460FA82" author="Jaffe, K. & Marcuse, M." box="[769,1029,1375,1400]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="466 - 481" refId="ref147779" refString="Jaffe, K. & Marcuse, M. (1983) Nestmate recognition and territorial behaviour in the ant Odontomachus bauri Emery (Formicidae: Ponerinae). Insectes Sociaux, 30 (4), 466 - 481. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02223978" type="journal article" year="1983">Jaffe & Marcuse, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), though
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FBECFA86156EFA82" baseAuthorityName="Lachaud & Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[1132,1291,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FBECFA86156EFA82" box="[1132,1291,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies can have over 1,000 workers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FE3AFA6212E4FA67" author="Colombel, P. P." box="[442,641,1412,1437]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="183 - 198" refId="ref135651" refString="Colombel, P. P. (1970 a) Recherches sur la biologie et l'ethologie d' Odontomachus haematodes L. Hym. Formicoidea Poneridae. Etude des populations dans leur milieu naturel. Insectes Sociaux, 3, 183 - 198. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02226192" type="journal article" year="1970">Colombel, 1970a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60C2C51FF47FA4E1337F869" blockId="115.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FE01FA41124FFA3A" box="[385,554,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FE01FA41124FFA3A" box="[385,554,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have typical winged queens and semi-claustral nest founding (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FB77FA4115F5FA3A" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1271,1424,1447,1472]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), though
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FF6FFA2A111BFA1F" box="[239,382,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquereli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FF6FFA2A111BFA1F" box="[239,382,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. coquereli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has wingless ergatoid queens and colonies apparently reproduce by division (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FA8BFA2A10B1F9F2" author="Molet, M. & Peeters, C. & Fisher, B. L." pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="183 - 188" refId="ref155709" refString="Molet, M., Peeters, C. & Fisher, B. L. (2007) Permanent loss of wings in queens of the ant Odontomachus coquereli from Madagascar. Insectes Sociaux, 54, 183 - 188. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00040 - 007 - 0930 - 0" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Molet
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FAD9FA2B15F0FA1F" box="[1369,1429,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). An undescribed species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A60C2C51FDBEFA0912C1F9F2" box="[574,676,1519,1544]" name="Malaysia" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is also reported to have ergatoid queens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FB07FA09153BF9F2" author="Gobin, B. & Ito, F. & Peeters, C. & Billen, J." box="[1159,1374,1519,1544]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="169 - 178" refId="ref144182" refString="Gobin, B., Ito, F., Peeters, C. & Billen, J. (2006) Queen-worker differences in spermatheca reservoir of phylogenetically basal ants. Cell Tissue Research, 326, 169 - 178. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00441 - 006 - 0232 - 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Gobin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB57FA171577F9F2" box="[1239,1298,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and colony reproduction by fission is suspected to occur in some other species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FBCFF9F21495F9D7" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1103,1264,1556,1581]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FF17F9D111FFF9AA" box="[151,410,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FF17F9D11124F9AA" box="[151,321,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are likely to be monogynous, many species are polygynous (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FBD9F9DF14EDF9AA" box="[1113,1160,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FB11F9DE10B7F98F" authority=": Ledoux, 1952" authorityName=": Ledoux" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assiniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB11F9DE154BF9B5" box="[1169,1326,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. assiniensis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FABFF9D110B7F98F" author="Ledoux, A." pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="231 - 248" refId="ref150604" refString="Ledoux, A. (1952) Recherches preliminaires sur quelques points de la biologie d' Odontomachus assiniensis Latr. (Hym. Formicoidea). Annales des Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie et Biologie Animale, 14 (11), 231 - 248." type="journal article" year="1952">Ledoux, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FF5EF9BA1240F98F" authority=": Peeters, 1987" authorityName="Peeters" authorityYear="1987" box="[222,549,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FF5EF9BA111CF98F" box="[222,377,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. cephalotes</emphasis>
|
||
: Peeters, 1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FDB0F9BA13C8F98F" authority=": Medeiros et al., 1992" authorityName="Medeiros" authorityYear="1992" box="[560,941,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FDB0F9BA12CCF98F" box="[560,681,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. chelifer</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FD39F9BA13C8F98F" author="Medeiros, F. N. S. & Lopes, L. E. & Moutinho, P. R. S. & Oliveira, P. S. & Holldobler, B." box="[697,941,1628,1653]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="134 - 146" refId="ref155336" refString="Medeiros, F. N. S., Lopes, L. E., Moutinho, P. R. S., Oliveira, P. S. & Holldobler, B. (1992) Functional polygyny, agonistic interactions and reproductive dominance in the neotropical ant Odontomachus chelifer (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). Ethology, 91, 134 - 146. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1992. tb 00857. x" type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Medeiros
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FCAAF9BB1306F98F" box="[810,867,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FC3AF9BA1482F98F" authority=": Ito et al., 1996" authorityName="Ito" authorityYear="1996" box="[954,1255,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rixosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FC3AF9BA144BF98E" box="[954,1070,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. rixosus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FBBDF9BA1482F98F" author="Ito, F. & Yusoff, N. R. & Idris, A. H." box="[1085,1255,1628,1653]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="77 - 86" refId="ref147716" refString="Ito, F., Yusoff, N. R. & Idris, A. H. (1996) Colony composition and queen behavior in polygynous colonies of the Oriental ponerine ant Odontomachus rixosus (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 43, 77 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01253958" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Ito
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FBE4F9BB14FBF98F" box="[1124,1182,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FB74F9BA115EF962" authority=": Ledoux, 1952" authorityName=": Ledoux" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB74F9BA15F1F98F" box="[1268,1428,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF17F999115EF962" author="Ledoux, A." box="[151,315,1663,1688]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="231 - 248" refId="ref150604" refString="Ledoux, A. (1952) Recherches preliminaires sur quelques points de la biologie d' Odontomachus assiniensis Latr. (Hym. Formicoidea). Annales des Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie et Biologie Animale, 14 (11), 231 - 248." type="journal article" year="1952">Ledoux, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Queens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FE56F966122BF96D" box="[470,590,1664,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rixosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FE56F966122BF96D" box="[470,590,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. rixosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
perform many of the tasks more typical of the worker caste, including foraging outside the nest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FE3AF9421206F947" author="Ito, F. & Yusoff, N. R. & Idris, A. H." box="[442,611,1700,1725]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="77 - 86" refId="ref147716" refString="Ito, F., Yusoff, N. R. & Idris, A. H. (1996) Colony composition and queen behavior in polygynous colonies of the Oriental ponerine ant Odontomachus rixosus (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 43, 77 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01253958" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Ito
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FE61F943127CF947" box="[481,537,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the most detailed series of studies on a single
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FB14F94215FDF947" box="[1172,1432,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB14F942155BF947" box="[1172,1342,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Colombel examined various aspects of the behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FC92F92E13D1F91A" authorityName=": Ledoux" authorityYear="1952" box="[786,948,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FC92F92E13D1F91A" box="[786,948,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including caste determination (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FAA5F92110B7F8FF" author="Colombel, P. P." pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="141 - 151" refId="ref135866" refString="Colombel, P. P. (1978) Biologie d' Odontomachus haematodes L. (Hym. Form.) determinisme de la caste femelle. Insectes Sociaux, 25 (2), 141 - 151. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02224253" type="journal article" year="1978">Colombel, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), egg development (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FE41F90A1219F8FF" author="Colombel, P. P." box="[449,636,1772,1797]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="489 - 491" refId="ref135812" refString="Colombel, P. P. (1974) Artificial breeding of eggs of Odontomachus haematodes L (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae) and trophogenic differentiation of workers and queens. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l Academie des Sciences Serie D, 279 (6), 489 - 491." type="journal article" year="1974">Colombel, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reproduction by workers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FC3DF90A141EF8FF" author="Colombel, P. P." box="[957,1147,1772,1797]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="171 - 194" refId="ref135759" refString="Colombel, P. P. (1972) Recherches sur la biologie et l'ethologie d' Odontomachus haematodes L. (Hym. Formicoidea, Poneridae) biologie des ouvrieres. Insectes Sociaux, 3, 171 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02226625" type="journal article" year="1972">Colombel, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ecology, nest structure, demographics and population dynamics (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FDEBF8E91356F8D2" author="Colombel, P. P." box="[619,819,1807,1832]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="183 - 198" refId="ref135651" refString="Colombel, P. P. (1970 a) Recherches sur la biologie et l'ethologie d' Odontomachus haematodes L. Hym. Formicoidea Poneridae. Etude des populations dans leur milieu naturel. Insectes Sociaux, 3, 183 - 198. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02226192" type="journal article" year="1970">Colombel, 1970a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), egg-laying by queens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FBCCF8E91573F8D2" author="Colombel, P. P." box="[1100,1302,1807,1832]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="199 - 204" refId="ref135707" refString="Colombel, P. P. (1970 b) Recherches sur la biologie et l'ethologie d' Odontomachus haematodes L. Hym. Formicoidea Poneridae. Biologie des reines. Insectes Sociaux, 3, 199 - 204. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02226193" type="journal article" year="1970">Colombel, 1970b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and alarm pheromones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FEB3F8D21197F8B7" author="Colombel, P. P." box="[307,498,1844,1869]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="806 - 807" refId="ref135606" refString="Colombel, P. P. (1968) An ecto-horome eliciting alarm in ants Odontomachus hematodes (Hym Form Poneridae). Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l Academie des Sciences Serie D, 266 (8), 806 - 807." type="journal article" year="1968">Colombel, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The laying of haploid eggs by workers has also been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FA9FF8D211FAF88A" authority="(Medeiros et al., 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Medeiros" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FA9FF8D215FEF8B7" box="[1311,1435,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. chelifer</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FF1EF8B111F2F88A" author="Medeiros, F. N. S. & Lopes, L. E. & Moutinho, P. R. S. & Oliveira, P. S. & Holldobler, B." box="[158,407,1879,1904]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="134 - 146" refId="ref155336" refString="Medeiros, F. N. S., Lopes, L. E., Moutinho, P. R. S., Oliveira, P. S. & Holldobler, B. (1992) Functional polygyny, agonistic interactions and reproductive dominance in the neotropical ant Odontomachus chelifer (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). Ethology, 91, 134 - 146. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1992. tb 00857. x" type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Medeiros
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FE92F8BF1129F88A" box="[274,332,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FE2CF8BE1282F88A" authority="(Ito et al., 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Ito" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[428,743,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rixosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FE2CF8BE1244F895" box="[428,545,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. rixosus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FDB1F8B112BAF88A" author="Ito, F. & Yusoff, N. R. & Idris, A. H." box="[561,735,1879,1904]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="77 - 86" refId="ref147716" refString="Ito, F., Yusoff, N. R. & Idris, A. H. (1996) Colony composition and queen behavior in polygynous colonies of the Oriental ponerine ant Odontomachus rixosus (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 43, 77 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01253958" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Ito
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FDDAF8BF12F1F88A" box="[602,660,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FCA4F8BE148BF88A" authority="(van Walsum et al., 1998)" baseAuthorityName="van Walsum" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[804,1262,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FCA4F8BE13DEF88A" box="[804,955,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. simillimus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FC4BF8B11483F88A" author="van Walsum, E. & Gobin, B. & Ito, F. & Billen, J." box="[971,1254,1879,1904]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="427 - 440" refId="ref165031" refString="van Walsum, E., Gobin, B., Ito, F. & Billen, J. (1998) Worker reproduction in the ponerine ant Odontomachus simillimus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 32 (3), 427 - 440." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
van Walsum
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FBE1F8BF14FEF88A" box="[1121,1179,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60C2C51FB7BF8B11084F86F" author="Wheeler, D. & Liebig, J. & Holldobler, B." pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="287 - 293" refId="ref166904" refString="Wheeler, D., Liebig, J. & Holldobler, B. (1999) Atypical vitellins in ponerine ants (Formicidae: Hymenoptera). Journal of Insect Physiology, 45, 287 - 293. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0022 - 1910 (98) 00124 - 3" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Wheeler
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FAE2F8BF15F9F88A" box="[1378,1436,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the egg proteins of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FDB4F89A12C9F86F" box="[564,684,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FDB4F89A12C9F86F" box="[564,684,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. chelifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FD63F89A132EF86F" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" box="[739,843,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FD63F89A132EF86F" box="[739,843,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. clarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60C2C56FF47F8461561FE9F" blockId="115.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="116.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Only a handful of papers have been published on the social behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FB9CF84614A3F843" box="[1052,1222,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FB9CF84614A3F843" box="[1052,1222,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Polyethism in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FA01F8461171F827" authorityName=": Ledoux" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FA01F8461171F827" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was studied by Déjean & Lachaud (1991), while division of labor in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60C2C51FBD8F82214A0F827" authorityName=": Borgmeier" authorityYear="1920" box="[1112,1221,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60C2C51FBD8F82214A0F827" box="[1112,1221,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">O. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FF17FF71112EFF4A" author="Brandao, C. R. F." box="[151,331,151,176]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="193 - 203" refId="ref134113" refString="Brandao, C. R. F. (1983) Sequential ethograms along colony development of Odontomachus affinis Guerin (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). Insectes Sociaux, 30 (2), 193 - 203. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02223869" type="journal article" year="1983">Brandão (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FED4FF7112E6FF4A" author="Powell, S. & Tschinkel, W. R." box="[340,643,151,176]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="965 - 972" refId="ref160316" refString="Powell, S. & Tschinkel, W. R. (1999) Ritualized conflict in Odontomachus brunneus and the generation of interaction-based task allocation: a new organizational mechanism in ants. Animal Behaviour, 58, 965 - 972. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / anbe. 1999.1238" type="journal article" year="1999">Powell & Tschinkel (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discovered that the workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FC63FF7E1408FF4A" baseAuthorityName="Patton" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[995,1133,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FC63FF7E1408FF4A" box="[995,1133,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
organize themselves into a social hierarchy via ritualized dominance interactions, with repercussions for task specialization within the nest. Whether similar heirarchies exist among workers in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FCADFF391455FF02" box="[813,1072,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FCADFF3913B2FF02" box="[813,983,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown, though dominance heirarchies exist among queens in colonies of the polygynous species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FC33FEE21559FEE7" authority="(Medeiros et al., 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Medeiros" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[947,1340,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FC33FEE2144EFEE7" box="[947,1067,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. chelifer</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FBBBFEE21556FEE7" author="Medeiros, F. N. S. & Lopes, L. E. & Moutinho, P. R. S. & Oliveira, P. S. & Holldobler, B." box="[1083,1331,260,285]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="134 - 146" refId="ref155336" refString="Medeiros, F. N. S., Lopes, L. E., Moutinho, P. R. S., Oliveira, P. S. & Holldobler, B. (1992) Functional polygyny, agonistic interactions and reproductive dominance in the neotropical ant Odontomachus chelifer (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). Ethology, 91, 134 - 146. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1992. tb 00857. x" type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Medeiros
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FB2FFEE3148CFEE7" box="[1199,1257,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FAC8FEE2112FFEBA" author="Jaffe, K. & Marcuse, M." pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="466 - 481" refId="ref147779" refString="Jaffe, K. & Marcuse, M. (1983) Nestmate recognition and territorial behaviour in the ant Odontomachus bauri Emery (Formicidae: Ponerinae). Insectes Sociaux, 30 (4), 466 - 481. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02223978" type="journal article" year="1983">Jaffe & Marcuse (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed both nestmate recognition and territorial aggression in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FBB2FECE14F7FEBA" authorityName=": Ehmer & Holldobler" authorityYear="1995" box="[1074,1170,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FBB2FECE14F7FEBA" box="[1074,1170,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. bauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Aspects of the mating behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FE9EFEAA11DCFE9E" authorityName=": Ledoux" authorityYear="1952" box="[286,441,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assiniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FE9EFEAA11DCFE9E" box="[286,441,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. assiniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the other African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FD0EFEAA13F7FE9F" box="[654,914,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FD0EFEAA135DFE9F" box="[654,824,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FBD6FEAA1565FE9F" author="Ledoux, A." box="[1110,1280,332,357]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="231 - 248" refId="ref150604" refString="Ledoux, A. (1952) Recherches preliminaires sur quelques points de la biologie d' Odontomachus assiniensis Latr. (Hym. Formicoidea). Annales des Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie et Biologie Animale, 14 (11), 231 - 248." type="journal article" year="1952">Ledoux (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60B2C56FF47FE8911A6FDC7" blockId="116.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FF47FE8911B9FE72" author="Wheeler, J. W. & Blum, M. S." box="[199,476,367,392]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="501 - 503" refId="ref167477" refString="Wheeler, J. W. & Blum, M. S. (1973) Alkylpyrazine alarm pheromones in ponerine ants. Science, 182, 501 - 503. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 182.4111.501" type="journal article" year="1973">Wheeler & Blum (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified the mandibular glands as the source of alarm pheromones in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FA8AFE961166FE57" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FA8AFE9615FDFE72" baseAuthorityName="Patton" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1290,1432,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">O. brunneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FF17FE721166FE57" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,259,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarus">O. clarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FEC1FE7211A1FE57" authorityName=": Longino" authorityYear="2013" box="[321,452,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hastatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FEC1FE7211A1FE57" box="[321,452,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. hastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FE55FE7212AFFE57" author="Morgan, E. D. & do Nascimento, R. R. & Keegans, S. J. & Billen, J." box="[469,714,404,429]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1395 - 1409" refId="ref156388" refString="Morgan, E. D., do Nascimento, R. R., Keegans, S. J. & Billen, J. (1999) Comparative study of mandibular gland secretions of workers of ponerine ants. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 25 (6), 1395 - 1409. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / a: 1020987028163" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Morgan
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FDB9FE731210FE57" box="[569,629,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined the mandibular gland secretions of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FB69FE721536FE57" box="[1257,1363,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FB69FE72152BFE57" authorityName=": Ehmer & Holldobler" authorityYear="1995" box="[1257,1358,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauri">O. bauri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FF17FE5111FDFE2A" author="Longhurst, C. & Baker, R. & Howse, P. E. & Speed, W." box="[151,408,439,464]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="833 - 837" refId="ref151954" refString="Longhurst, C., Baker, R., Howse, P. E. & Speed, W. (1978) Alkylpyrazines in ponerine ants: their presence in three genera, and caste specific behavioral responses to them in Odontomachus troglodytes. Journal of Insect Physiology, 24, 833 - 837. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 1910 (78) 90104 - x" type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Longhurst
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FE90FE5F112DFE2A" box="[272,328,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1978)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied the mandibular gland secretions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FCFDFE5E147EFE2A" authorityName=": Ledoux" authorityYear="1952" box="[893,1051,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FCFDFE5E147EFE2A" box="[893,1051,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the response of males to these secretions.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FE95FE3A123BFE0F" author="Oliveira, P. S. & Holldobler, B." box="[277,606,476,501]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="154 - 166" refId="ref157302" refString="Oliveira, P. S. & Holldobler, B. (1989) Orientation and communication in the neotropical ant Odontomachus bauri Emery (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). Ethology, 83 (2), 154 - 166. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.1989. tb 00525. x" type="journal article" year="1989">Oliveira & Hölldobler (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified the roles of pygidial, mandibular and poison gland secretions in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FF17FDE6109CFDE2" authorityName=": Ehmer & Holldobler" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,249,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FF17FDE6109CFDE2" box="[151,249,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. bauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for recruitment, alarm and attack behaviors. Alarmed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FCF6FE191445FDE2" box="[886,1056,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FCF6FE191445FDE2" box="[886,1056,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers can also stridulate (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FAF4FDE715F9FDE2" box="[1396,1436,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FF17FDC211D3FDC7" author="Carlin, N. F. & Gladstein, D. S." box="[151,438,548,573]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref135048" refString="Carlin, N. F. & Gladstein, D. S. (1989) The " bouncer " defense of Odontomachus ruginodis and other odontomachine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche (Camb.), 96, 1 - 19. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1989 / 96595" type="journal article" year="1989">Carlin & Gladstein, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60B2C56FF47FDA11162FC32" blockId="116.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
The trap mandibles and associated behaviors of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FC95FDA113DAFD9A" box="[789,959,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FC95FDA113DAFD9A" box="[789,959,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FB8DFDA114E4FD9A" box="[1037,1153,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FB8DFDA114E4FD9A" box="[1037,1153,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) rank among the most specialized of any ponerine. When hunting,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FD0AFD8A1351FD7F" box="[650,820,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FD0AFD8A1351FD7F" box="[650,820,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers hold their highly modified mandibles open at 180° and shut them with extreme force and speed on their prey. In fact, this is the fastest movement ever measured in any animal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FEBDFD521260FD37" author="Patek, S. N. & Baio, J. E. & Fisher, B. L. & Suarez, A. V." box="[317,517,692,717]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="12787 - 12792" refId="ref158460" refString="Patek, S. N., Baio, J. E., Fisher, B. L. & Suarez, A. V. (2006) Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 103 (34), 12787 - 12792. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0604290103" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Patek
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FE04FD5311D9FD37" box="[388,444,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FD91FD521288FD37" author="Spagna, J. C. & Vakis, A. I. & Schmidt, C. A. & Patek, S. N. & Zhang, X. & Tsutsui, N. D. & Suarez, A. V." box="[529,749,692,717]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="2358 - 2368" refId="ref163227" refString="Spagna, J. C., Vakis, A. I., Schmidt, C. A., Patek, S. N., Zhang, X., Tsutsui, N. D. & Suarez, A. V. (2008) Phylogeny, scaling, and the generation of extreme forces in trap-jaw ants. Journal of Experimental Biology, 211, 2358 - 2368. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1242 / jeb. 015263" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A60B2C56FD91FD521206FD37" box="[529,611,692,717]" name="Spain" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Spagna</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FDEAFD5312C7FD37" box="[618,674,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The contact of trigger setae (located beneath the mandibles) with the prey triggers the mandibular closure. The morphological, physiological and neurological characteristics of trap mandibles (and associated structures and behaviors) have been extensively studied (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FB13FD1B14A4FCEE" box="[1171,1217,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
Gronenberg
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FADAFD1B15F0FCEF" box="[1370,1429,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1993;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FF60FCF9127DFCC2" author="Gronenberg, W. & Tautz, J." box="[224,536,799,824]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="49 - 60" refId="ref144911" refString="Gronenberg, W. & Tautz, J. (1994) The sensory basis for the trap-jaw mechanism in the ant Odontomachus bauri. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 174, 49 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00192005" type="journal article" year="1994">Gronenberg & Tautz, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FDA6FCF91366FCC2" author="Gronenberg, W." box="[550,771,799,824]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="391 - 398" refId="ref144573" refString="Gronenberg, W. (1995 a) The fast mandible strike in the trap-jaw ant Odontomachus. I. Temporal properties and morphological characteristics. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 176, 391 - 398. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00219064" type="journal article" year="1995">Gronenberg, 1995a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FC91FCF9133FFCC2" author="Gronenberg, W." box="[785,858,799,824]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="399 - 408" refId="ref144624" refString="Gronenberg, W. (1995 b) The fast mandible strike in the trap-jaw ant Odontomachus. I. Motor control. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 176, 399 - 408. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00219065" type="journal article" year="1995">1995b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FCE8FCF914CBFCC2" author="Ehmer, B. & Gronenberg, W." box="[872,1198,799,824]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="153 - 165" refId="ref140424" refString="Ehmer, B. & Gronenberg, W. (1997) Proprioceptors and fast antennal reflexes in the ant Odontomachus (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Cell Tissue Research, 290, 153 - 165. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 004410050917" type="journal article" year="1997">Ehmer & Gronenberg, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FB3BFCC610B6FCA7" author="Just, S. & Gronenberg, W." pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="231 - 240" refId="ref148525" refString="Just, S. & Gronenberg, W. (1999) The control of mandible movements in the ant Odontomachus. Journal of Insect Physiology, 45, 231 - 240. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0022 - 1910 (98) 00118 - 8" type="journal article" year="1999">Just & Gronenberg, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FF61FCA2126AFCA7" author="Paul, J. & Gronenberg, W." box="[225,527,836,861]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="797 - 808" refId="ref158561" refString="Paul, J. & Gronenberg, W. (1999) Optimizing force and velocity: mandible muscle fiber attachments in ants. Journal of Experimental Biology, 202, 797 - 808." type="journal article" year="1999">Paul & Gronenberg, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FD9DFCA21366FCA7" author="Spagna, J. C. & Vakis, A. I. & Schmidt, C. A. & Patek, S. N. & Zhang, X. & Tsutsui, N. D. & Suarez, A. V." box="[541,771,836,861]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="2358 - 2368" refId="ref163227" refString="Spagna, J. C., Vakis, A. I., Schmidt, C. A., Patek, S. N., Zhang, X., Tsutsui, N. D. & Suarez, A. V. (2008) Phylogeny, scaling, and the generation of extreme forces in trap-jaw ants. Journal of Experimental Biology, 211, 2358 - 2368. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1242 / jeb. 015263" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A60B2C56FD9DFCA21215FCA7" box="[541,624,836,861]" name="Spain" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Spagna</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FDFAFCA312D0FCA7" box="[634,693,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Kinematic data indicate that the force of jaw closure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FF17FC811124FC7A" box="[151,321,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FF17FC811124FC7A" box="[151,321,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
scales positively with body size, while acceleration scales inversely with body size (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FA80FC8110B1FC5F" author="Spagna, J. C. & Vakis, A. I. & Schmidt, C. A. & Patek, S. N. & Zhang, X. & Tsutsui, N. D. & Suarez, A. V." pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="2358 - 2368" refId="ref163227" refString="Spagna, J. C., Vakis, A. I., Schmidt, C. A., Patek, S. N., Zhang, X., Tsutsui, N. D. & Suarez, A. V. (2008) Phylogeny, scaling, and the generation of extreme forces in trap-jaw ants. Journal of Experimental Biology, 211, 2358 - 2368. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1242 / jeb. 015263" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3C9A880A60B2C56FA80FC811531FC7A" box="[1280,1364,871,896]" name="Spain" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Spagna</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FADCFC8F15F0FC7A" box="[1372,1429,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The significance of these scaling relationships for the optimal foraging strategy in a given species is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60B2C56FF47FC321506FAAE" blockId="116.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
The sequence of actions taken during prey capture by a hunting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FC15FC32145BFC17" box="[917,1086,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FC15FC32145BFC17" box="[917,1086,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker was summarized by de la Mora
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FF75FC1F1148FBEA" box="[245,301,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007). Upon detection of a suitable prey item, the worker antennates it, then withdraws the antennae and snaps its mandibles shut on the prey. Generally the prey are held in the mandibles, lifted off the substrate, stung, and then transported back to the nest, though sometimes stinging is not necessary (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FB03FBD9157EFBA2" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[1155,1307,1087,1112]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The exact behavioral sequence used during prey capture varies somewhat depending on the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FBBCFB821525FB87" box="[1084,1344,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FBBCFB821480FB87" box="[1084,1253,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the identity of the prey. For example, multiple mandibular strikes may be used to stun or dismember the prey.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FF17FB4A1124FB3F" box="[151,321,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FF17FB4A1124FB3F" box="[151,321,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers are often cautious during prey capture, especially with potentially dangerous prey such as termites. De la Mora
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FE1BFB3711BDFB12" box="[411,472,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007) describe the predatory behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FC5CFB3614EAFB1D" box="[988,1167,1232,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaciventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FC5CFB3614EAFB1D" box="[988,1167,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. opaciventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in detail; the foraging behaviors of several other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FE55FB1212B9FAF7" box="[469,732,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FE55FB12121AFAF7" box="[469,639,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described by other authors (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FB38FB131482FAF6" box="[1208,1255,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FB73FB121152FACA" authority=": Ledoux, 1952" authorityName=": Ledoux" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assiniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FB73FB1215F1FAF6" box="[1267,1428,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. assiniensis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FF17FAF11152FACA" author="Ledoux, A." box="[151,311,1303,1328]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="231 - 248" refId="ref150604" refString="Ledoux, A. (1952) Recherches preliminaires sur quelques points de la biologie d' Odontomachus assiniensis Latr. (Hym. Formicoidea). Annales des Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie et Biologie Animale, 14 (11), 231 - 248." type="journal article" year="1952">Ledoux, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FEC4FAFE12D9FACA" authority=": Jaffe & Marcuse, 1983" authorityName=": Jaffe & Marcuse" authorityYear="1983" box="[324,700,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FEC4FAFE11C6FACA" box="[324,419,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. bauri</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FE34FAF112D9FACA" author="Jaffe, K. & Marcuse, M." box="[436,700,1303,1328]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="466 - 481" refId="ref147779" refString="Jaffe, K. & Marcuse, M. (1983) Nestmate recognition and territorial behaviour in the ant Odontomachus bauri Emery (Formicidae: Ponerinae). Insectes Sociaux, 30 (4), 466 - 481. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02223978" type="journal article" year="1983">Jaffe & Marcuse, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FD49FAFE138EFACA" authority=": Fowler, 1980" authorityName=": Fowler" authorityYear="1980" box="[713,1003,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FD49FAFE1326FACA" box="[713,835,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. chelifer</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FCD3FAF1138EFACA" author="Fowler, H. G." box="[851,1003,1303,1328]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="79 - 84" refId="ref143393" refString="Fowler, H. G. (1980) Populations, prey capture and sharing, and foraging of the Paraguayan ponerine Odontomachus chelifer Latreille. Journal of Natural History, 14 (1), 79 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938000770081" type="journal article" year="1980">Fowler, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FC79FAFE1521FACA" authority=": Dejean, 1982" authorityName=": Dejean" authorityYear="1982" box="[1017,1348,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FC79FAFE14FCFACA" box="[1017,1177,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
: Déjean, 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?, 1987;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FF17FADA11B5FAAF" author="Dejean, A. & Bashingwa, E. P." box="[151,464,1340,1365]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="23 - 42" refId="ref137287" refString="Dejean, A. & Bashingwa, E. P. (1985) La predation chez Odontomachus troglodytes Santschi (Formicidae-Ponerinae). Insectes Sociaux, 32 (1), 23 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 02233224" type="journal article" year="1985">Déjean & Bashingwa, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Déjean (1987) found that workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FC04FADA1446FAAF" authorityName=": Dejean" authorityYear="1982" box="[900,1059,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FC04FADA1446FAAF" box="[900,1059,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
learn to avoid noxious prey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60B2C56FF47FAB9122CF9D7" blockId="116.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Rapid mandibular strikes are used by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FDFAFAB91341FA82" box="[634,804,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FDFAFAB91341FA82" box="[634,804,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to perform a variety of specialized tasks in addition to prey capture.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FEAFFA62119BFA67" author="Patek, S. N. & Baio, J. E. & Fisher, B. L. & Suarez, A. V." box="[303,510,1412,1437]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="12787 - 12792" refId="ref158460" refString="Patek, S. N., Baio, J. E., Fisher, B. L. & Suarez, A. V. (2006) Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 103 (34), 12787 - 12792. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0604290103" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Patek
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FEF4FA6311C9FA67" box="[372,428,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FD7CFA62133EFA67" authorityName=": Jaffe & Marcuse" authorityYear="1983" box="[764,859,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FD7CFA62133EFA67" box="[764,859,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. bauri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
utilize the force of their mandible strikes to bounce to safety (or to bounce onto intruders), and also to eject intruders away. This latter behavior (the “bouncer defense”) was studied in detail in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FD8EFA2A12F9FA1F" authorityName=": Deyrup & Cover" authorityYear="2004" box="[526,668,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginodis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FD8EFA2A12F9FA1F" box="[526,668,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">O. ruginodis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FD44FA2A138EFA1F" author="Carlin, N. F. & Gladstein, D. S." box="[708,1003,1484,1509]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref135048" refString="Carlin, N. F. & Gladstein, D. S. (1989) The " bouncer " defense of Odontomachus ruginodis and other odontomachine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche (Camb.), 96, 1 - 19. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1989 / 96595" type="journal article" year="1989">Carlin & Gladstein (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In addition to these highly specialized tasks, the mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FE23FA091229F9F2" box="[419,588,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FE23FA091229F9F2" box="[419,588,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remain functional for more typical activities such as nest construction and brood care (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FE9CF9F21258F9D7" author="Just, S. & Gronenberg, W." box="[284,573,1556,1581]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="231 - 240" refId="ref148525" refString="Just, S. & Gronenberg, W. (1999) The control of mandible movements in the ant Odontomachus. Journal of Insect Physiology, 45, 231 - 240. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 0022 - 1910 (98) 00118 - 8" type="journal article" year="1999">Just & Gronenberg, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60B2C56FF47F9D1151AF818" blockId="116.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FF47F9D112BEF9AA" bold="true" box="[199,731,1591,1616]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FD65F9D113EBF9AA" box="[741,910,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FD65F9D113EBF9AA" box="[741,910,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was erected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FBD0F9D11561F9AA" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[1104,1284,1591,1616]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="129 - 200" refId="ref150252" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1804) Tableau methodique des insectes. In: Societe de Naturalistes et d'Agriculteurs. Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle. Tome 24. Deterville, Paris, pp. 129 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1804">Latreille (1804)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to house the single species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FEB9F9BB12EAF98F" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[313,655,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FEB9F9BB127BF98F" box="[313,542,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Formica haematoda</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it has experienced relative taxonomic stability at the genus level since then, except for the recognition of several junior synonyms:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FC1FF99914AEF962" authority="(Bernstein, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Bernstein" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[927,1227,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pedetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FC1FF9991393F962" box="[927,1014,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Pedetes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FB88F99914A4F962" author="Bernstein, A." box="[1032,1217,1663,1688]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="7 - 8" refId="ref132750" refString="Bernstein, A. (1861) [Untitled. Introduced by: " Von Herrn Dr. Agath. Berstein in Gadok auf Java ist folgendes Schreiben eingegangen: ".]. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 11, 7 - 8." type="journal article" year="1861">Bernstein, 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FB5AF999115EF947" authority="(Emery, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Champsomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FB5AF99915F9F962" box="[1242,1436,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Champsomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FF1EF9421156F947" author="Emery, C." box="[158,307,1700,1725]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="553 - 574" refId="ref140718" refString="Emery, C. (1892) [1891]. Voyage de M. Ch. Alluaud dans le territoire d'Assinie (Afrique occidentale) en juillet et aout 1886. Formicides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 60, 553 - 574." type="journal article" year="1892">Emery, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FEF6F94312B0F947" authority="(Matsumura, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Matsumura" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[374,725,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrtoteras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FEF6F9431196F946" box="[374,499,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Myrtoteras</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FD81F94212A9F947" author="Matsumura, S." box="[513,716,1700,1725]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref154852" refString="Matsumura, S. (1912) Thousand insects of Japan. Supplement IV. Keishu-sha, Tokyo, 247 pp. + 14 pl. + 4 pp." type="book" year="1912">Matsumura, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FD60F94213EFF947" box="[736,906,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FD60F94213EFF947" box="[736,906,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has had a somewhat more unsettled taxonomic history at the tribe and family level. Initially placed in Ponerites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FC3BF9211534F91A" author="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, A." box="[955,1361,1735,1760]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref150846" refString="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, A. (1835) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hymenopteres. Tome I. Roret, Paris, 547 pp." type="book" year="1835">Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), then Poneridae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FE98F90811CDF8FD" author="Smith, F." box="[280,424,1774,1799]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="42 - 88" refId="ref162497" refString="Smith, F. (1857) Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace. [part]. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology, 2, 42 - 88. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1857. tb 01759. x" type="journal article" year="1857">Smith, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FE3DF9081202F8FD" box="[445,615,1774,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FE3DF9081202F8FD" box="[445,615,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and its sister genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FCDCF90813B5F8FD" box="[860,976,1774,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FCDCF90813B5F8FD" box="[860,976,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) spent most of the latter half of the 19
|
||
<superScript id="7CAB4558A60B2C56FA10F90D15F9F903" attach="none" box="[1424,1436,1771,1785]" fontSize="6" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">th</superScript>
|
||
century and most of the 20
|
||
<superScript id="7CAB4558A60B2C56FE4CF8F411BDF8DA" attach="left" box="[460,472,1810,1824]" fontSize="6" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">th</superScript>
|
||
century in a state of flux, variously placed in its own family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FB1BF8F3153FF8D4" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[1179,1370,1813,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Odontomachidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontomachidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FAECF8F015FEF8D7" box="[1388,1435,1814,1837]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FF17F8DF1146F8A8" author="Smith, F." box="[151,291,1849,1874]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="285 - 348" refId="ref162750" refString="Smith, F. (1871) A catalogue of the Aculeate Hymenoptera and Ichneumonidae of India and the Eastern Archipelago. With introductory remarks by A. R. Wallace. [part]. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology, 11, 285 - 348. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1871. tb 02225. x" type="journal article" year="1871">Smith, 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in a separate subfamily within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FD10F8DF1375F8A8" box="[656,784,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FC9FF8DF1385F8A8" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[799,992,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Odontomachidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontomachidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FB85F8DF14ADF8A8" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[1029,1224,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Odontomachinae">Odontomachinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FB53F8DC1567F8AB" box="[1235,1282,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FA8AF8DC15F5F8A8" author="Mayr, G." box="[1290,1424,1849,1874]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="649 - 776" refId="ref155085" refString="Mayr, G. (1862) Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 12, 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FF6DF8BB11FEF88C" box="[237,411,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Odontomachini">Odontomachini</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FE3FF8BB124AF88C" box="[447,559,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FDBFF8B8120BF88F" box="[575,622,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FDF4F8BB1360F88C" author="Forel, A." box="[628,773,1885,1910]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="161 - 167" refId="ref142534" refString="Forel, A. (1893 a) Sur la classification de la famille des Formicides, avec remarques synonymiques. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 37, 161 - 167." type="journal article" year="1893">Forel, 1893a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; sometimes also spelled Odontomachii, as in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FB7FF8BB15EAF88C" author="Forel, A." box="[1279,1423,1885,1910]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="161 - 167" refId="ref142534" refString="Forel, A. (1893 a) Sur la classification de la famille des Formicides, avec remarques synonymiques. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 37, 161 - 167." type="journal article" year="1893">Forel, 1893a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FF36F8671170F860" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[182,277,1921,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
subtribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FE02F86712B8F860" authority="(Brown, 1976)" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[386,733,1921,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Odontomachiti">
|
||
Odontomachiti (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FDBCF86712B3F860" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[572,726,1921,1946]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or simply in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FC01F8671385F860" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[897,992,1921,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FC73F8641447F863" box="[1011,1058,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60B2C56FBACF8641543F860" author="Emery, C. & A. Forel" box="[1068,1318,1921,1946]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="441 - 481" refId="ref141410" refString="Emery, C. & A. Forel. (1879) Catalogue des Formicides d'Europe. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 5, 441 - 481." type="journal article" year="1879">Emery & Forel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and most recent authors). This taxonomic chaos was the result of the highly derived mandible and head structure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FF17F82F1124F818" box="[151,321,1993,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60B2C56FF17F82F1124F818" box="[151,321,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which led many authors to believe that it was unrelated to the more typical genera in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60B2C56FA88F82F151EF818" box="[1288,1403,1993,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B61E810A60A2C57FF47FF7113E7FDC7" blockId="117.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60A2C57FF47FF7111ECFF4A" author="Schmidt, C." box="[199,393,151,176]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="201 - 250" refId="ref161753" refString="Schmidt, C. (2013) Molecular phylogenetics of ponerine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Zootaxa, 3647 (2), 201 - 250. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3647.2.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Schmidt's (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
molecular phylogeny of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FD5DFF711328FF4A" box="[733,845,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
confirms that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FC79FF7114C6FF4A" box="[1017,1187,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FC79FF7114C6FF4A" box="[1017,1187,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FF17FF5A109CFF2F" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[151,249,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that its sister is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FE6FFF5A1201FF2F" box="[495,612,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FE6FFF5A1201FF2F" box="[495,612,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a result supported unequivocally by morphological synapomorphies of their head and mandibles (among other characters). The phylogeny is equivocal about the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FF17FEE21124FEE7" box="[151,321,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FF17FEE21124FEE7" box="[151,321,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FED8FEE2118FFEE7" box="[344,490,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquereli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FED8FEE2118FFEE7" box="[344,490,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">O. coquereli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is resolved as either sister to the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FC5CFEE21480FEE7" box="[988,1253,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FC5CFEE214E3FEE7" box="[988,1158,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FF17FEC11169FEBA" box="[151,268,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FF17FEC11169FEBA" box="[151,268,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with approximately equal probability), and it is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FC4BFEC11410FEBA" box="[971,1141,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FC4BFEC11410FEBA" box="[971,1141,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FB2CFEC11544FEBA" box="[1196,1313,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FB2CFEC11544FEBA" box="[1196,1313,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will prove to not be mutually monophyletic (as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60A2C57FD50FEAA1303FE9F" author="Brown, W. L. Jr." box="[720,870,332,357]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="67 - 171" refId="ref134791" refString="Brown, W. L. Jr. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, a species level phylogeny for these genera, which includes additional taxa and genes, strongly supports their reciprocal monophyly, though some phylogenetically critical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FE2FFE721241FE57" box="[431,548,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FE2FFE721241FE57" box="[431,548,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa were not sampled (C. Schmidt, unpublished data). This is consistent with the findings of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF4F95E1A60A2C57FEC8FE511248FE2A" author="Santos, I. S. & Costa, M. A. & Mariano, C. S. F. & Delabie, J. H. C. & Andrade-Souza, V. & Silva, J. G." box="[328,557,439,464]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="424 - 429" refId="ref161140" refString="Santos, I. S., Costa, M. A., Mariano, C. S. F., Delabie, J. H. C., Andrade-Souza, V. & Silva, J. G. (2010) A cytogenetic approach to the study of Neotropical Odontomachus and Anochetus ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 103, 424 - 429. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / an 09101" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Santos
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FE1CFE5F11B3FE2A" box="[412,470,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who examined the chromosomes of both genera. We are therefore retaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FF17FE3A1169FE0F" box="[151,268,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FF17FE3A1169FE0F" box="[151,268,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FEC6FE3A1195FE0F" box="[326,496,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FEC6FE3A1195FE0F" box="[326,496,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as distinct genera. Additional taxon sampling may reveal that one or the other of these genera is non-monophyletic, in which case
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FD4BFE19135AFDE2" box="[715,831,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FD4BFE19135AFDE2" box="[715,831,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would likely be synonymized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FB6BFE1915F1FDE2" box="[1259,1428,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FB6BFE1915F1FDE2" box="[1259,1428,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FEF2FDC21279FDC7" box="[370,540,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FEF2FDC21279FDC7" box="[370,540,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CDE9393A60A2C57FDB9FDC212CBFDC7" box="[569,686,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9AA3402A60A2C57FDB9FDC212CBFDC7" box="[569,686,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Anochetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is still unresolved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |