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<document id="6AE0F4B7B2A14561196FE0499F5B45FA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4755.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c6ba0dac-dd4b-4760-9567-3709c14bd650" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3735212" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5F007260-D4AD-4B05-8BBA-2E09DE312BC6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1585682645461" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Zograf, Julia K., Pavlyuk, Olga N., Trebukhova, Yulia A. &amp; Tu, Nguyen Dinh" docDate="2020" docId="03E887BFFFC7CF7BFF0FEF15FA1AF812" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4755.3.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4755 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sphaerolaimus Bastian 1865" docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="509" masterDocId="FFD1FFC7FFD6CF69FF98E855FF87FFBE" masterDocTitle="Description of three new Sphaerolaimus species (Nematoda: Sphaerolaimidae) form the South China Sea" masterLastPageNumber="514" masterPageNumber="491" pageNumber="508" updateTime="1698734039626" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="2E19043C9801F2FDA9E0411D7F8EF53A">Description of three new Sphaerolaimus species (Nematoda: Sphaerolaimidae) form the South China Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FFF1CEEBC8150FA003EB51F66248BD7E">Zograf, Julia K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="66DBF69455F720207B77555FB440738E">Pavlyuk, Olga N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="626F76A454813635A6CEA0CB368A8BB4">Trebukhova, Yulia A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0F5A36131311D50BA964129FC8C8791B">Tu, Nguyen Dinh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="73C84C811904A0331CE64771624519E8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A44771992C43F83E4B80FD8C8E159C04">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C8CC805E66326B95473F9847A0109443">2020-03-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2C1C0D9A41A33E6A026A4F8961A0DB1B">4755</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E887BFFFC7CF7BFF0FEF15FA1AF812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3812017" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163418859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3812017" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E887BFFFC7CF7BFF0FEF15FA1AF812" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887BFFFC7CF7BFF0FEF15FA1AF812" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="17" pageNumber="508">
<subSubSection id="C35B6522FFC7CF78FF0FEF15FC15F8E5" box="[151,914,1856,1883]" pageId="17" pageNumber="508" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC7CF78FF0FEF15FC15F8E5" blockId="17.[151,914,1856,1883]" box="[151,914,1856,1883]" pageId="17" pageNumber="508">
<heading id="D0B681C5FFC7CF78FF0FEF15FC15F8E5" bold="true" box="[151,914,1856,1883]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="508" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC7CF78FF0FEF15FC15F8E5" bold="true" box="[151,914,1856,1883]" pageId="17" pageNumber="508">
Identification key to valid species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC7CF78FD43EF15FC15F8E5" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[731,914,1856,1883]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="17" pageNumber="508" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC7CF78FD43EF15FC15F8E5" bold="true" box="[731,914,1856,1883]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="508">Sphaerolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35B6522FFC7CF7BFF0FEFD0FA1AF812" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="17" pageNumber="508" type="key">
<key id="FFD06198FFC7CF7BFF0FEFD0FA1AF812" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="17" pageNumber="508">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC7CF78FF0FEFD0FA1BF809" blockId="17.[151,1436,1925,1976]" pageId="17" pageNumber="508">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC7CF78FF0FEFD0FA1BF809" pageId="17" pageNumber="508">
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC7CF78FF0FEFD0FA1BF809" pageId="17" pageNumber="508">1 Spicules&gt; 2 anal body diameters........................................................................ 2 - Spicules ≤ 2 anal body diameters........................................................................ 7</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC7CF7BFF0FEFEAFA1AFF10" blockId="17.[151,1436,1983,2035]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,153,205]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="17" pageNumber="508">
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC7CF78FF0FEFEAFA1BF84D" pageId="17" pageNumber="508">2 Spicules longer than tail................................................................................ 3 - Spicules shorter than tail............................................................................... 5</keyStep>
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE8CFFA1AFF10" box="[151,1437,153,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FE8CFFA1AFF10" box="[151,1437,153,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
3 Cephalic setae short,
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFE37E8CCFD9AFF11" box="[431,541,153,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.6 µm</quantity>
long ..............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAA6E8CFFA1AFF10" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Tu" authorityYear="2020" box="[1342,1437,153,175]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="callisto">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAA6E8CFFA1AFF10" box="[1342,1437,153,175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. callisto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FE8E2FA1BFF72" blockId="18.[151,1437,153,205]" box="[151,1436,183,205]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE8E2FA1BFF72" box="[151,1436,183,205]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Cephalic setae ≥
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFE1EE8E2FE3FFF72" box="[390,440,183,204]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 µm</quantity>
long............................................................................. 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FE881FA1BFEB8" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FE881FA1BFF54" blockId="18.[151,1436,212,263]" box="[151,1436,212,234]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE881FA1BFF54" box="[151,1436,212,234]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
4 18–20 supplements present.....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAB7E881FA1BFF54" authorityName="Paramonov" authorityYear="1929" box="[1327,1436,212,234]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cuneatus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAB7E881FA1BFF54" box="[1327,1436,212,234]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. cuneatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FE8A7FA1BFEB8" blockId="18.[151,1436,212,263]" box="[151,1436,241,263]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE8A7FA1BFEB8" box="[151,1436,241,263]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Supplements absent..........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFABFE8A7FA1BFEB8" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1956" box="[1319,1436,241,263]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="penicillus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFABFE8A7FA1BFEB8" box="[1319,1436,241,263]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. penicillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FE95AFA1BFEFC" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FE95AFA1BFE9A" blockId="18.[151,1436,271,322]" box="[151,1436,271,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE95AFA1BFE9A" box="[151,1436,271,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
5 Gubernaculum with small caudal apophyses..........................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAD7E95AFA1BFE9A" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1992" box="[1359,1436,271,292]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kleini">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAD7E95AFA1BFE9A" box="[1359,1436,271,292]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. kleini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FE978FA1BFEFC" blockId="18.[151,1436,271,322]" box="[151,1436,300,322]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE978FA1BFEFC" box="[151,1436,300,322]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Gubernaculum without apophyses....................................................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FE91CFA1BFEC2" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FE91CFA1BFEE0" blockId="18.[151,1436,329,381]" box="[151,1436,329,351]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE91CFA1BFEE0" box="[151,1436,329,351]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
6 Gubernaculum with denticles............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFB46E91FFA1BFEE0" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1954" box="[1246,1436,329,351]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="macrocirculoides">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFB46E91FFA1BFEE0" box="[1246,1436,329,351]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. macrocirculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FE932FA1BFEC2" blockId="18.[151,1436,329,381]" box="[151,1436,359,381]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE932FA1BFEC2" box="[151,1436,359,381]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Gubernaculum without denticles.............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFB63E932FA1BFEC2" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[1275,1436,359,380]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="macrocirculus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFB63E932FA1BFEC2" box="[1275,1436,359,380]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. macrocirculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FE9D0FA1BFE09" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FE9D0FA1BFE27" blockId="18.[151,1436,388,439]" box="[151,1436,388,410]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE9D0FA1BFE27" box="[151,1436,388,410]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">7 Amphid behind the buccal cavity........................................................................ 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FE9F7FA1BFE09" blockId="18.[151,1436,388,439]" box="[151,1436,417,439]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE9F7FA1BFE09" box="[151,1436,417,439]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Amphid at level with the buccal cavity................................................................... 16</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FE9EAFA1BFE4F" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FE9EAFA1BFE6A" blockId="18.[151,1436,447,498]" box="[151,1436,447,469]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE9EAFA1BFE6A" box="[151,1436,447,469]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
8 Gubernaculum absent........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAB8E9EAFA1BFE6A" authorityName="Tchesunov" authorityYear="1980" box="[1312,1436,447,468]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abeskunus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAB8E9EAFA1BFE6A" box="[1312,1436,447,468]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. abeskunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FE988FA1BFE4F" blockId="18.[151,1436,447,498]" box="[151,1436,476,498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE988FA1BFE4F" box="[151,1436,476,498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Gubernaculum present................................................................................. 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FE9AFFA1BFD92" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FE9AFFA1BFDB0" blockId="18.[151,1436,505,557]" box="[151,1436,505,527]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FE9AFFA1BFDB0" box="[151,1436,505,527]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
9 Spicules double jointed......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFA82E9AFFA1BFDB0" authorityName="Warwick" authorityYear="1973" box="[1306,1436,505,527]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="crenellatus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFA82E9AFFA1BFDB0" box="[1306,1436,505,527]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. crenellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEA42FA1BFD92" blockId="18.[151,1436,505,557]" box="[151,1436,535,557]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEA42FA1BFD92" box="[151,1436,535,557]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Spicules not double jointed............................................................................ 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEA61FA1BFDD9" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEA61FA1BFDF7" blockId="18.[151,1436,564,615]" box="[151,1436,564,586]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEA61FA1BFDF7" box="[151,1436,564,586]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">10 Gubernaculum with dorsal apophyses.................................................................... 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEA07FA1BFDD9" blockId="18.[151,1436,564,615]" box="[151,1436,593,615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEA07FA1BFDD9" box="[151,1436,593,615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Gubernaculum without apophyses...................................................................... 13</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEA3AFA1BFD1F" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEA3AFA1BFD3A" blockId="18.[151,1436,623,674]" box="[151,1436,623,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEA3AFA1BFD3A" box="[151,1436,623,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
11 Spicules with widened distal ends.................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAA4EA3AFA1BFD3A" authorityName="Tchesunov" authorityYear="1980" box="[1340,1436,623,644]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caspius">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAA4EA3AFA1BFD3A" box="[1340,1436,623,644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. caspius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEAD8FA1BFD1F" blockId="18.[151,1436,623,674]" box="[151,1436,652,674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEAD8FA1BFD1F" box="[151,1436,652,674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Spicules of even thickness............................................................................. 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEAFFFA1BFD62" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEAFFFA1BFD00" blockId="18.[151,1436,681,733]" box="[151,1436,681,703]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEAFFFA1BFD00" box="[151,1436,681,703]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
12 Gubernaculum with straight dorsal apophyses.......................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAA3EAFFFA1BFD00" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1876" box="[1339,1436,681,703]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAA3EAFFFA1BFD00" box="[1339,1436,681,703]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEA92FA1BFD62" blockId="18.[151,1436,681,733]" box="[151,1436,711,733]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEA92FA1BFD62" box="[151,1436,711,733]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Gubernaculum with L-shaped dorsal apophyses......................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAA3EA92FA1BFD62" authorityName="Fadeeva" authorityYear="1983" box="[1339,1436,711,732]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="limosus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAA3EA92FA1BFD62" box="[1339,1436,711,732]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. limosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEAB1FA1BFCA9" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEAB1FA1BFD44" blockId="18.[151,1436,740,791]" box="[151,1436,740,762]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEAB1FA1BFD44" box="[151,1436,740,762]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
13 Tail with numerous hook-shaped setae
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFDC1EAB1FD10FD44" box="[601,663,740,762]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 µm</quantity>
long.................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFABFEAB1FA1BFD44" authorityName="Freudenhammer" authorityYear="1970" box="[1319,1436,740,762]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="uncinatus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFABFEAB1FA1BFD44" box="[1319,1436,740,762]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. uncinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEB57FA1BFCA9" blockId="18.[151,1436,740,791]" box="[151,1436,769,791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEB57FA1BFCA9" box="[151,1436,769,791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Tail with sparse small and thin setae..................................................................... 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEB4AFA1BFCEC" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEB4AFA1BFC8A" blockId="18.[151,1436,799,850]" box="[151,1436,799,821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEB4AFA1BFC8A" box="[151,1436,799,821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
14 Body length&gt;
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFEE9EB4AFE2CFC8A" box="[369,427,799,820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, gubernaculum long and narrow..............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFA88EB4AFA1BFC8A" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1932" box="[1296,1436,799,820]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="makrolasius">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFA88EB4AFA1BFC8A" box="[1296,1436,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. makrolasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEB68FA1BFCEC" blockId="18.[151,1436,799,850]" box="[151,1436,828,850]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEB68FA1BFCEC" box="[151,1436,828,850]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Body length &lt;
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFEE9EB69FE2CFCEC" box="[369,427,828,850]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, gubernaculum short, triangular or plate-like............................................. 15
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEB0CFA1BFC32" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEB0CFA1BFCD0" blockId="18.[151,1436,857,909]" box="[151,1436,857,879]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEB0CFA1BFCD0" box="[151,1436,857,879]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
15 Spicules
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFEA1EB0FFEF0FCD1" box="[313,375,858,879]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 µm</quantity>
or 1.3 corresponding body diameter..............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFA88EB0FFA1BFCD0" authorityName="Turpeenniemi" authorityYear="1997" box="[1296,1436,857,879]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFA88EB0FFA1BFCD0" box="[1296,1436,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEB22FA1BFC32" blockId="18.[151,1436,857,909]" box="[151,1436,887,909]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEB22FA1BFC32" box="[151,1436,887,909]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Spicules
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFEA1EB22FEF0FC32" box="[313,375,887,909]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
long or 0.8 corresponding body diameter..........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFA9FEB22FA1BFC32" box="[1287,1436,887,908]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paragracillis">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFA9FEB22FA1BFC32" box="[1287,1436,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. paragracillis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEBC1FA1BFC79" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEBC1FA1BFC14" blockId="18.[151,1436,916,967]" box="[151,1436,916,938]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEBC1FA1BFC14" box="[151,1436,916,938]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
16 Gubernaculum absent.......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFABBEBC1FA1BFC14" authorityName="sensu Gerlach" authorityYear="1957" box="[1315,1436,916,938]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="maeoticus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFABBEBC1FA1BFC14" box="[1315,1436,916,938]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. maeoticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEBE7FA1BFC79" blockId="18.[151,1436,916,967]" box="[151,1436,945,967]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEBE7FA1BFC79" box="[151,1436,945,967]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- - Gubernaculum present.............................................................................. 17</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEB9AFA1BFBBF" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEB9AFA1BFC5A" blockId="18.[151,1436,975,1026]" box="[151,1436,975,997]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEB9AFA1BFC5A" box="[151,1436,975,997]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">17 Gubernaculum without apophyses...................................................................... 18</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEBB8FA1BFBBF" blockId="18.[151,1436,975,1026]" box="[151,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEBB8FA1BFBBF" box="[151,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Gubernaculum with apophyses.......................................................................... 23</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEC5FFA1BFB82" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEC5FFA1BFBA1" blockId="18.[151,1436,1033,1085]" box="[151,1436,1033,1055]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEC5FFA1BFBA1" box="[151,1436,1033,1055]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">18 Gubernaculum shield-shaped.......................................................................... 19</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEC72FA1BFB82" blockId="18.[151,1436,1033,1085]" box="[151,1436,1063,1085]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEC72FA1BFB82" box="[151,1436,1063,1085]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Gubernaculum different in shape....................................................................... 20</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEC11FA1BFBC8" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEC11FA1BFBE4" blockId="18.[151,1436,1092,1143]" box="[151,1436,1092,1114]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEC11FA1BFBE4" box="[151,1436,1092,1114]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
19 Body length &lt;
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFEE9EC11FE40FBE4" box="[369,455,1092,1114]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000 µm</quantity>
.........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAA0EC11FA1BFBE4" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1971" box="[1336,1436,1092,1114]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAA0EC11FA1BFBE4" box="[1336,1436,1092,1114]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEC37FA1BFBC8" blockId="18.[151,1436,1092,1143]" box="[151,1436,1121,1143]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEC37FA1BFBC8" box="[151,1436,1121,1143]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Body length&gt;
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFEE9EC37FE40FBC9" box="[369,455,1122,1143]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="1000.0">1000 µm</quantity>
........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAAFEC37FA1BFBC8" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[1335,1436,1121,1143]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAAFEC37FA1BFBC8" box="[1335,1436,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. hirsutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEC2AFA1BFB0F" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEC2AFA1BFB2A" blockId="18.[151,1436,1151,1202]" box="[151,1436,1151,1173]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEC2AFA1BFB2A" box="[151,1436,1151,1173]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
20 Gubernaculum stick-shaped.....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAA0EC2AFA1BFB2A" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1906" box="[1336,1436,1151,1172]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="balticus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAA0EC2AFA1BFB2A" box="[1336,1436,1151,1172]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FECC8FA1BFB0F" blockId="18.[151,1436,1151,1202]" box="[151,1436,1180,1202]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FECC8FA1BFB0F" box="[151,1436,1180,1202]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Gubernaculum hook shaped............................................................................ 21</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FECEFFA1BFB52" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FECEFFA1BFB71" blockId="18.[151,1436,1209,1261]" box="[151,1436,1209,1231]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FECEFFA1BFB71" box="[151,1436,1209,1231]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
21 Amphid small,
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFEEFECEFFE09FB71" box="[375,398,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">ca</emphasis>
17% of corresponding body diameter..............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAB3ECEFFA1BFB71" authorityName="Freudenhammer" authorityYear="1975" box="[1323,1436,1210,1231]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="peruanus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAB3ECEFFA1BFB71" box="[1323,1436,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. peruanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEC82FA1BFB52" blockId="18.[151,1436,1209,1261]" box="[151,1436,1239,1261]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEC82FA1BFB52" box="[151,1436,1239,1261]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Amphid big, ≥ 30% of corresponding body diameter........................................................ 22</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FECA1FA1BFA98" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FECA1FA1AFAB7" blockId="18.[151,1437,1268,1319]" box="[151,1437,1268,1290]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FECA1FA1AFAB7" box="[151,1437,1268,1290]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
22 Amphid
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFEAFECA0FEC9FAB4" box="[311,334,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">ca</emphasis>
30 % of corresponding body diameter..................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAB6ECA1FA1AFAB7" authorityName="sensu Allgen" authorityYear="1947" box="[1326,1437,1268,1289]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAB6ECA1FA1AFAB7" box="[1326,1437,1268,1289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FED47FA1BFA98" blockId="18.[151,1437,1268,1319]" box="[151,1436,1297,1319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FED47FA1BFA98" box="[151,1436,1297,1319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Amphid ≥ 60% of corresponding body diameter..................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFA8FED47FA1BFA98" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1956" box="[1303,1436,1297,1319]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="megamphis">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFA8FED47FA1BFA98" box="[1303,1436,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. megamphis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FED7AFA1BFADF" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FED7AFA1BFAFA" blockId="18.[151,1436,1327,1378]" box="[151,1436,1327,1349]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FED7AFA1BFAFA" box="[151,1436,1327,1349]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
23 Anterior sensilla papilliform...................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFABCED7AFA1BFAFA" authorityName="Kreis" authorityYear="1929" box="[1316,1436,1327,1348]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="papillatus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFABCED7AFA1BFAFA" box="[1316,1436,1327,1348]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. papillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FED18FA1BFADF" blockId="18.[151,1436,1327,1378]" box="[151,1436,1356,1378]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FED18FA1BFADF" box="[151,1436,1356,1378]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Anterior sensilla setiform............................................................................. 24</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FED3FFA1BFA22" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FED3FFA1BFAC1" blockId="18.[151,1436,1385,1437]" box="[151,1436,1385,1407]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FED3FFA1BFAC1" box="[151,1436,1385,1407]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">24 Supplements present................................................................................. 25</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEDD2FA1BFA22" blockId="18.[151,1436,1385,1437]" box="[151,1436,1415,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEDD2FA1BFA22" box="[151,1436,1415,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Supplements absent.................................................................................. 27</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEDF1FA1BFA69" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEDF1FA1BFA07" blockId="18.[151,1436,1444,1495]" box="[151,1436,1444,1466]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEDF1FA1BFA07" box="[151,1436,1444,1466]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
25 Cervical setae long,
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFE3EEDF1FD83FA04" box="[422,516,1444,1466]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18-20 µm</quantity>
....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFADFEDF1FA1BFA07" authorityName="Gagarin" authorityYear="2014" box="[1351,1436,1444,1465]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rivalis">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFADFEDF1FA1BFA07" box="[1351,1436,1444,1465]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. rivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FED97FA1BFA69" blockId="18.[151,1436,1444,1495]" box="[151,1436,1473,1495]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FED97FA1BFA69" box="[151,1436,1473,1495]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Cervical setae short,
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFE33ED94FE7AFA69" box="[427,509,1473,1495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="8.0">8-16 µm</quantity>
........................................................................... 26
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FED8AFA1BF9AF" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FED8AFA1BFA4A" blockId="18.[151,1436,1503,1554]" box="[151,1436,1503,1525]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FED8AFA1BFA4A" box="[151,1436,1503,1525]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
26 Spicules short,
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFEEDED8AFE54FA4A" box="[373,467,1503,1525]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="57.5" valueMax="63.0" valueMin="52.0">52-63 µm</quantity>
..................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFB75ED8AFA1BFA4A" authorityName="Tchesunov &amp; Miljutin" authorityYear="2006" box="[1261,1436,1503,1524]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="micropapillatus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFB75ED8AFA1BFA4A" box="[1261,1436,1503,1524]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. micropapillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEDA8FA1BF9AF" blockId="18.[151,1436,1503,1554]" box="[151,1436,1532,1554]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEDA8FA1BF9AF" box="[151,1436,1532,1554]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Spicules long,
<quantity id="4CB99B4CFFC4CF7BFEE8EDA9FE49F9AC" box="[368,462,1532,1554]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.65" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" unit="mm" value="86.5" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="83.0">83-90 µm</quantity>
......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAB8EDA9FA1BF9AF" authorityName="Tchesunov" authorityYear="1987" box="[1312,1436,1532,1553]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="valentinae">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAB8EDA9FA1BF9AF" box="[1312,1436,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. valentinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEE4FFA1BF9F2" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEE4FFA1BF990" blockId="18.[151,1436,1561,1613]" box="[151,1436,1561,1583]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEE4FFA1BF990" box="[151,1436,1561,1583]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
27 Tail blunt with irregularly shaped end.........................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFA9AEE4FFA1BF990" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1959" box="[1282,1436,1561,1583]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arcospiculum">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFA9AEE4FFA1BF990" box="[1282,1436,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. arcospiculum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEE62FA1BF9F2" blockId="18.[151,1436,1561,1613]" box="[151,1436,1591,1613]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEE62FA1BF9F2" box="[151,1436,1591,1613]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Tail conico-cylindrical................................................................................ 28</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEE01FA1BF939" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEE01FA1BF9D7" blockId="18.[151,1436,1620,1671]" box="[151,1436,1620,1642]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEE01FA1BF9D7" box="[151,1436,1620,1642]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">28 Gubernaculum with small triangular apophyses............................................................ 29</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEE27FA1BF939" blockId="18.[151,1436,1620,1671]" box="[151,1436,1649,1671]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEE27FA1BF939" box="[151,1436,1649,1671]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Gubernaculum with long well defined apophyses........................................................... 31</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEEDAFA1BF97F" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEEDAFA1AF91A" blockId="18.[151,1437,1679,1730]" box="[151,1437,1679,1701]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEEDAFA1AF91A" box="[151,1437,1679,1701]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
29 Spicules ≤ 1 anal body diameter...................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAA2EEDAFA1AF91A" authorityName="Gourbault &amp; Boucher" authorityYear="1981" box="[1338,1437,1679,1700]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lutarius">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAA2EEDAFA1AF91A" box="[1338,1437,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. lutarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEEF8FA1BF97F" blockId="18.[151,1437,1679,1730]" box="[151,1436,1708,1730]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEEF8FA1BF97F" box="[151,1436,1708,1730]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Spicules&gt; 1.5 anal body diameter....................................................................... 30</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEE9FFA1BF942" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEE9FFA1BF961" blockId="18.[151,1436,1737,1789]" box="[151,1436,1737,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEE9FFA1BF961" box="[151,1436,1737,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
30 Gubernaculum with two globose apophyses.........................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFAA6EE9FFA1BF961" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[1342,1436,1738,1759]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ostreae">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAA6EE9FFA1BF961" box="[1342,1436,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. ostreae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEEB2FA1BF942" blockId="18.[151,1436,1737,1789]" box="[151,1436,1767,1789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEEB2FA1BF942" box="[151,1436,1767,1789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Gubernaculum with triangular apophyses.........................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFABCEEB2FA1BF942" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1971" box="[1316,1436,1767,1788]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glaphyrus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFABCEEB2FA1BF942" box="[1316,1436,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. glaphyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEF51FA1BF889" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEF51FA1BF8A7" blockId="18.[151,1436,1796,1847]" box="[151,1436,1796,1818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEF51FA1BF8A7" box="[151,1436,1796,1818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">31 Lateral alae present................................................................................... 32</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEF77FA1BF889" blockId="18.[151,1436,1796,1847]" box="[151,1436,1825,1847]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEF77FA1BF889" box="[151,1436,1825,1847]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">- Lateral alae absent................................................................................... 33</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEF6AFA1AF8CC" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEF6AFA1BF8EA" blockId="18.[151,1437,1855,1906]" box="[151,1436,1855,1877]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEF6AFA1BF8EA" box="[151,1436,1855,1877]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
32 Amphid big,&gt; 40% of corresponding body diameter, spicules short, 1.1 anal body diameters................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFABBEF6AFA1BF8EA" authorityName="Zograf &amp; Pavlyuk &amp; Trebukhova &amp; Tu" authorityYear="2020" box="[1315,1436,1855,1876]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ganymede">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFABBEF6AFA1BF8EA" box="[1315,1436,1855,1876]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. ganymede</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEF08FA1AF8CC" blockId="18.[151,1437,1855,1906]" box="[151,1437,1884,1906]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEF08FA1AF8CC" box="[151,1437,1884,1906]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Amphid small, &lt;30% corresponding body diameter, spicules long, 1.7 anal body diameters.......................
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFAEAEF09FA1AF8CC" box="[1394,1437,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. io</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B52E0CFFC4CF7BFF0FEF2FFA1AF812" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEF2FFA1BF830" blockId="18.[151,1437,1913,1965]" box="[151,1436,1913,1935]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEF2FFA1BF830" box="[151,1436,1913,1935]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
33 Vulva shifted to the posterior half of the body, V = 70-80.............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFABCEF2FFA1BF830" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1971" box="[1316,1436,1913,1935]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="profundus">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFABCEF2FFA1BF830" box="[1316,1436,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. profundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE36A9FFC4CF7BFF0FEFC2FA1AF812" blockId="18.[151,1437,1913,1965]" box="[151,1437,1943,1965]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
<keyLead id="30B0959CFFC4CF7BFF0FEFC2FA1AF812" box="[151,1437,1943,1965]" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">
- Vulva near the center of the body, V = 55......................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C414D2AFFC4CF7BFA92EFC2FA1AF812" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Zhao" authorityYear="2017" box="[1290,1437,1943,1964]" class="Adenophorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="509" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="haurakiensis">
<emphasis id="B935EABBFFC4CF7BFA92EFC2FA1AF812" box="[1290,1437,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="509">S. haurakiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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