258 lines
29 KiB
XML
258 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="277C0E22374999635FD7E316454C67E4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0034a16-cad2-4058-9569-95a0dd26699c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180897" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459818700620" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barnett, Leonie J., Smales, Lesley R. & Cribb, Thomas H." docDate="2008" docId="03C487A0FF86FF8FFF1648D3FE8BF83C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01705p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1705" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cantharus capricornia" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFFDFFD8FF8EFF84FF814D6CFFB9F96E" masterDocTitle="A complex of putative acanthocolpid cercariae (Digenea) from Nassarius olivaceus and N. dorsatus (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) in Central Queensland, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698221669718" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="61AD4E1C20D44CD2BCC6E64FB6ADD530" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B88F9BBDBDA609DE5FF4D5ED319B0695">
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<mods:title id="CC438ACEE205AA3918F09D56A61722E8">A complex of putative acanthocolpid cercariae (Digenea) from Nassarius olivaceus and N. dorsatus (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) in Central Queensland, Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="80E48AB6F129AB902B7C1672B35D354C" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="340419093F4D1F2B6073EE91DD6AA10D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C3B3E2DA83C564AC7B13C39304689074">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B61ADEF1D0B5853FF969D297044BE824">Barnett, Leonie J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="DA1CDB27D15C8EF363DCC58F223136BA" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AA762F828312E1FF3509A97B54438EB2">
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<mods:roleTerm id="965949E83873FC39907BDB30802636D6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="13838D6B794EF10093DBC4E7834DA3B8">Smales, Lesley R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="073890953D54664F0BB69B0137AE3AF5" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A4B21E3212A2A1DCB9F9E2B2AE9CF74C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="58EE7C76FCA1EB4F29A371888AEB22C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BCD566943ACC4B144071C0FDBA8A025D">Cribb, Thomas H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D040D508B267774C5C6CE588CF2B7D24">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1CFE91265A963C6901A5AB4114071284">
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<mods:title id="07188081F3F74E8A36EE6C6545BEFF56">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="80CDEBFBAFFB9A52753A4FBC1C40F0D3">
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<mods:date id="769B8CE99C13DA9358F845811E151D04">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8751D2B40E9F1618F6EF85147D49AA24" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D75C5050774BAA863DA3E1F44D850334">1705</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D07E8FC49D29139C92A8E21FBFCD7331">21</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="8F057A136CB4C0636204DD02714F2CF6">39</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="6B16D47F3BE691E15D6BEF371CE18B92">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="09337915D479A44497B50E08EA773BCF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.180897</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E352E521FA460951C3E67DF9294BE5F6" type="GBIF-Dataset">d0034a16-cad2-4058-9569-95a0dd26699c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D1A5D975E325032D5133FC80A6CC2012" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5577503BCB6CC3D21AA1F2EA43C4DBDF" type="Zenodo-Dep">180897</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C487A0FF86FF8FFF1648D3FE8BF83C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6236154" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119355271" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6236154" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C487A0FF86FF8FFF1648D3FE8BF83C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C487A0FF86FF8FFF1648D3FE8BF83C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="C377653DFF86FF8CFF1648D3FF56FC92" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF86FF8CFF1648D3FE05FCB7" blockId="8.[151,444,1471,1532]" box="[151,444,1471,1497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="D09A81DAFF86FF8CFF1648D3FE05FCB7" bold="true" box="[151,444,1471,1497]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFF1648D3FE05FCB7" bold="true" box="[151,444,1471,1497]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFF1648D3FE2DFCB7" bold="true" box="[151,404,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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Cercaria
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF86FF8CFE8948D3FE2DFCB7" box="[264,404,1471,1497]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Cantharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capricornia">capricornia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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IV
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF86FF8CFF16488EFF56FC92" blockId="8.[151,444,1471,1532]" box="[151,239,1506,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13562A33FF86FF8CFF1E488EFF5FFC92" box="[159,230,1506,1532]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. a – e" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[153,1430,478,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,434,1701]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. a – e. Cercaria capricornia IV, naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; e. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c, d not to scale; e = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180901/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C377653DFF86FF8FFF164B5EFE8BF83C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF86FF8CFF164B5EFA25FFAA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1586,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFF164B5EFF62FF22" bold="true" box="[151,219,1586,1612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Host:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF86FF8CFF624B5FFDE4FF22" authority="Bruguiere" authorityName="Bruguiere" box="[227,605,1586,1612]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" genus="Nassarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFF624B5FFE77FF22" box="[227,462,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Nassarius olivaceus</emphasis>
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(Bruguière)
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</taxonomicName>
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(Gastropoda,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF86FF8CFC854B5EFC2AFF22" box="[772,915,1586,1612]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Nassariidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFF444B36FE8CFF1A" bold="true" box="[197,309,1626,1652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Locality:</emphasis>
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Sandy Point, Corio Bay (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF86FF8CFDE54B36FD73FF1A" box="[612,714,1626,1652]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-22.966667">22°58' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF86FF8CFD574B36FCF7FF1A" box="[726,846,1626,1652]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="150.76666">150°46' E</geoCoordinate>
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).
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFF444BEEFE96FFF2" bold="true" box="[197,303,1666,1692]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Habitat:</emphasis>
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Amongst and immediately adjacent to mangroves on intertidal mudflats.
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFF444BC6FE36FFAA" bold="true" box="[197,399,1706,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Other localities:</emphasis>
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Ross Creek, Yeppoon (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF86FF8CFD274BC6FD44FFAA" box="[678,765,1706,1732]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-23.133333">23°8' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF86FF8CFC8A4BC6FC3BFFAA" box="[779,898,1706,1732]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="150.75">150°45' E</geoCoordinate>
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), Cawarral Creek, Keppel Sands, Queensland
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF86FF8CFF164BBEFE2EFF82" blockId="8.[151,1436,1586,2012]" box="[151,407,1746,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF86FF8CFF214BBEFEBCFF82" box="[160,261,1746,1772]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-23.316668">23°19' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF86FF8CFE934BBEFE33FF82" box="[274,394,1746,1772]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="150.78334">150°47' E</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF86FF8CFF444B96FED9FEE2" blockId="8.[151,1436,1586,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFF444B96FDBAFE7A" bold="true" box="[197,515,1786,1812]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Prevalence of emergence:</emphasis>
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0.31% (6 of 1908
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF86FF8CFD614B97FCC9FE7A" box="[736,880,1787,1812]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" genus="Nassarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFD614B97FCC9FE7A" box="[736,880,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">N. olivaceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFF444A4EFE85FE52" bold="true" box="[197,316,1826,1852]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Material:</emphasis>
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South Australian Museum, AHC 29314–AHC 29316, AHC 34554–AHC 34564.
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFF444A26FE0BFE0A" bold="true" box="[197,434,1866,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Dates of collection:</emphasis>
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<date id="FFD31076FF86FF8CFE3A4A26FDEDFE0A" box="[443,596,1866,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" value="2004-08">August 2004</date>
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, May/
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<date id="FFD31076FF86FF8CFD1F4A26FC8CFE0A" box="[670,821,1866,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" value="2005-08">August 2005</date>
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and
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<date id="FFD31076FF86FF8CFCEC4A26FBA5FE0A" box="[877,1052,1866,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" value="2006-02">February 2006</date>
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.
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFF444A1EFED9FEE2" bold="true" box="[197,352,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Description:</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF86FF8CFF444AF6FEB0FEDA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1586,2012]" box="[197,265,1946,1972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Redia</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF86FF8CFF444AAFFD25FEB2" blockId="8.[151,1436,1586,2012]" box="[197,668,1986,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF86FF8CFF444AAFFF48FEB2" box="[197,241,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Site</emphasis>
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. Reproductive and digestive glands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF87FF8DFF444DF4FC46F9B4" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,378]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF87FF8DFF444DF4FE96F9DF" box="[197,303,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Structure</emphasis>
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. Body elongate, cylindrical with posterior extremity tapering to point (
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<figureCitation id="13562A33FF87FF8DFBF74DF4FB54F9DC" box="[1142,1261,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. a – e" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[153,1430,478,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,434,1701]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. a – e. Cercaria capricornia IV, naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; e. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c, d not to scale; e = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180901/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Figure 4e</figureCitation>
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). Mouth opens terminally; pharynx spherical. Cercariae in various stages of development.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF87FF8DFF444D84FD68F86C" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,378]" box="[197,721,232,258]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF87FF8DFF444D84FEF6F86F" box="[197,335,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Dimensions</emphasis>
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. Based on 10 unflattened rediae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF87FF8DFF444C7CFE52F844" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,378]" box="[197,491,272,298]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Length: 400–510 (468.0)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF87FF8DFF444C54FE78F83C" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,378]" box="[197,449,312,338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Width: 70–110 (86.0)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF87FF8DFF444C0CFD3BF814" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,378]" box="[197,642,352,378]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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Pharynx: 20–23 (21.0)
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<date id="FFD31076FF87FF8DFE544C0CFD8DF814" box="[469,564,352,378]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" value="1917-10-23">x 17–23</date>
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(20.5)
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF12663EFF87FF8DFF164BD1FE75FE55" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180901/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[153,1430,478,1683]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF87FF8DFF164BD1FE75FE55" blockId="9.[151,1436,1725,1852]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF87FF8DFF164BD1FEA3FFBB" bold="true" box="[151,282,1725,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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a–e.
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF87FF8DFED44BD1FD83FFBA" box="[341,570,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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Cercaria
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF87FF8DFE3D4BD1FD83FFBA" box="[444,570,1725,1748]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Cantharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capricornia">capricornia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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IV, naturally emerged from
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF87FF8DFCEC4BD1FBFDFFBA" box="[877,1092,1725,1748]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" genus="Nassarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF87FF8DFCEC4BD1FBFDFFBA" box="[877,1092,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Nassarius olivaceus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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:
|
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF87FF8DFBD24BD1FBDEFFBB" bold="true" box="[1107,1127,1725,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">a.</emphasis>
|
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Body, heat-killed, in ventral view;
|
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF87FF8DFF584BB3FF57FF99" bold="true" box="[217,238,1759,1783]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">b.</emphasis>
|
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Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view;
|
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF87FF8DFD4D4BB3FD67FF99" bold="true" box="[716,734,1759,1783]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">c.</emphasis>
|
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Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view;
|
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF87FF8DFB1F4BB3FB0AFF99" bold="true" box="[1182,1203,1759,1783]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">d.</emphasis>
|
||
Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view;
|
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF87FF8DFE074A6EFE21FE74" bold="true" box="[390,408,1794,1818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">e.</emphasis>
|
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Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c, d not to scale; e = 200 μm.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
|
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF87FF8DFF164A1CFE6CFEE4" blockId="9.[151,1437,1904,2010]" box="[151,469,1904,1930]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Naturally emerged cercaria</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF87FF8EFF444AF4FBBDF8CC" blockId="9.[151,1437,1904,2010]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF87FF8DFF444AF4FEB9FEDF" box="[197,256,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Body</emphasis>
|
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. Flattened, with conspicuous constriction immediately posterior to ventral sucker (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A33FF87FF8DFB504AF4FAFEFEDC" box="[1233,1351,1944,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. a – e" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[153,1430,478,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,434,1701]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. a – e. Cercaria capricornia IV, naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; e. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c, d not to scale; e = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180901/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Figure 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forebody reduced, arched ventrally; body anterior to constriction pyriform, widest at level of anterior margin of ventral sucker. Hindbody posterior to constriction expanded, large, broadly ovate, extremely flattened, extending backwards beyond tail junction on both sides, with very deep ventral keel longitudinally between constriction and midpoint of excretory vesicle; keel oblong in profile, deepest at anterior margin of excretory vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A33FF84FF8EFF794C7CFEC9F844" box="[248,368,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. a – e" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[153,1430,478,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,434,1701]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. a – e. Cercaria capricornia IV, naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; e. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c, d not to scale; e = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180901/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Figure 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
). In life, body bent dorsally at constriction (~90°), forebody bent forward ventrally at eyespots; fleshy portion around ventral sucker extremely expanded; hindbody bent ventrally (~120°) at level of anterior margin of excretory vesicle; sides of hindbody anterior from this point flexed dorsally in a shallow V; sides of posterior hindbody curving ventrally, bowl shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A33FF84FF8EFCD74CE4FC4EF8CC" box="[854,1015,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. a – e" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[153,1430,478,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,434,1701]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. a – e. Cercaria capricornia IV, naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; e. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c, d not to scale; e = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180901/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Figure 4c, 4d</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444CDCFDB7FB74" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF84FF8EFF444CDCFEEDF8A7" box="[197,340,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Appendages</emphasis>
|
||
: Long tubular filament-like appendages arising from dorsal surface of hindbody at level slightly forward of anterior margin of excretory vesicle and near to margin of body. Extremely extensible, more extended in live cercariae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444F44FC34FB04" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF84FF8EFF444F44FE8AFB2F" box="[197,307,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Tegument</emphasis>
|
||
. Spines anterior to constriction, arranged in regular rows in anterior forebody, longest in anterior two-thirds forebody, decreasing in size towards constriction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444F14FBEFFBD4" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF84FF8EFF444F14FE99FBFF" box="[197,288,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Suckers</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral sucker opening ventrosubterminally, spinose, lacking stylet. Ventral sucker round, row of 87–98 inward pointing spines at aperture, several rows of spines bordering cavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444FA4FC2EFB8C" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,919,712,738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF84FF8EFF444FA4FE8EFB8F" box="[197,311,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Eye-spots</emphasis>
|
||
. Round, dense, lateral on either side of prepharynx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444F9CFCD3FAEC" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF84FF8EFF444F9CFE9FFA67" box="[197,294,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Pigment</emphasis>
|
||
. Variable, faint to dark golden brown or red brown shading throughout body; often darker anterior and posterior to ventral sucker and along fold of keel; conspicuous red brown rectangular patches on hindbody beside base of tail may be present. In life, translucent to bright pinkish/orange; blue pigmentation on keel and fleshy portion around ventral sucker may be present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444EFCFB55FA94" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF84FF8EFF444EFCFE1CFAC7" box="[197,421,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Penetration glands</emphasis>
|
||
. Possibly two pairs of small central glands; ducts run anteriorly either side of pharynx, continue forward medially; possibly three pairs of large lateral glands present, anterolateral to ventral sucker; ducts run anteriorly on lateral edges of body; difficult to determine; all anterior to constriction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444964FB37FD24" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF84FF8EFF444964FE33FD4F" box="[197,394,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Digestive system</emphasis>
|
||
. Mouth opens anteroventrally. Prepharynx long, narrow. Pharynx pyriform, small. Pharynx difficult to determine in specimens from one host, obscured by dark pigmentation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444934FAB5FDAC" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF84FF8EFF444934FE28FD1F" box="[197,401,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Excretory system</emphasis>
|
||
. Excretory vesicle I-shaped, cylindrical, turgid, thin-walled, slightly longer than onethird length hindbody. Two lateral ducts open into anterior extremity of vesicle, continue in close association with vesicle towards posterior extremity. Flame cells difficult to discern, formula not determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF4449BCFB7EFD84" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,1223,1232,1258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF84FF8EFF4449BCFF56FD87" box="[197,239,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Tail</emphasis>
|
||
. Simple, long, cylindrical, gradually tapering terminally; lacks spines, setae or fins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444994FCEDFC7C" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,852,1272,1298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF84FF8EFF444994FEF6FC7F" box="[197,335,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Dimensions</emphasis>
|
||
. Based on 83 naturally emerged specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF44484CFD00FC54" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,697,1312,1338]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Total length body: 580–870 (728.6 ± 75.4)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444824FCEEFC0C" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,855,1352,1378]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Length anterior end to tail base: 540–810 (675.8 ± 72.7)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF44481CFC9DFCE4" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,804,1392,1418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Maximum width hindbody: 280–400 (342.7 ± 33.5)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF4448F4FCA6FCDC" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,799,1432,1458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Maximum width forebody: 125–215 (173.3 ± 14.0)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF4448ACFC90FCB4" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,809,1472,1498]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Width at constriction (n=68): 55–138 (103.3 ± 20.3)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444884FD17FF6C" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,686,1512,1538]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Length forebody: 137–218 (175.7 ± 21.4)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444B7CFC96FF44" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,815,1552,1578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Oral sucker: 47–60 (52.1 ± 2.9)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF84FF8EFDBE4B7CFDC8FF44" box="[575,625,1552,1578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" value="1945-10">x 45</date>
|
||
–63 (52.6 ± 4.2)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444B54FCC2FF3C" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,891,1592,1618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Ventral sucker: 82–113 (100.4 ± 6.0)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF84FF8EFDFA4B54FD17FF3C" box="[635,686,1592,1618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" value="1982-10">x 82</date>
|
||
–105 (94.8 ± 5.2)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444B0CFD0EFF14" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,695,1632,1658]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Prepharynx (n=63): 90–140 (118.5 ± 11.0)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444BE4FDD1FFCC" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,616,1672,1698]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Pharynx (n=62): 17–30 (24.0 ± 2.4)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444BDCFC17FFA4" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,942,1712,1738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Excretory vesicle: 175–270 (224.3 ± 20.0)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF84FF8EFD3C4BDCFCA5FFA4" box="[701,796,1712,1738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" value="1938-10-22">x 22–38</date>
|
||
(28.2 ± 3.4)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444BB4FCDFFF9C" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,870,1752,1778]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Tail (n=80): 690–990 (824.9 ± 81.6)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF84FF8EFDF74BB4FD13FF9C" box="[630,682,1752,1778]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" value="1942-10">x 42</date>
|
||
–68 (51.6 ± 5.5)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444A6CFC65FE74" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" box="[197,988,1792,1818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Appendage (n=163): 155–790 (453.6 ± 127.9)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF84FF8EFD6A4A6CFCF3FE74" box="[747,842,1792,1818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" value="1912-10-28">x 12–28</date>
|
||
(18.4 ± 2.9)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8EFF444A44FDCFFEFC" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF84FF8EFF444A44FD77FE2F" box="[197,718,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Cercarial emergence: rhythm and variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Few to large numbers emerged between 7 pm and 8 am; 1–6 days between periods of emergence, emerged on consecutive days (recorded for 9 consecutive days with only 5–42 cercariae emerging for last 4 days).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF84FF8FFF444ACCFE8BF83C" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF84FF8EFF444ACCFE8CFED7" box="[197,309,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
Naturally emerged cercariae are free-swimming and swim actively toward light. When swimming, the hindbody is folded ventrally and forebody contracted longitudinally; the tail lashes from side to side for movement. When resting, the hindbody is held in three-dimensional shape, tail extends backwards dorsally from hindbody, curves ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A33FF85FF8FFDE14DACFD6CF9B4" box="[608,725,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. a – e" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1725,1749]" captionTargetBox="[153,1430,478,1683]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,434,1701]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. a – e. Cercaria capricornia IV, naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; e. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c, d not to scale; e = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180901/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Figure 4c</figureCitation>
|
||
). When first emerged, cercariae swim actively towards light and frequently rise to surface, float in water column, slowly settle. After about 24 hours, cercariae become less active, may attach to the substrate at tip of tail, decaudation may occur and they start to die. The cercariae never encyst.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |