430 lines
53 KiB
XML
430 lines
53 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2CDDB0015F820E82ED26EF644C88E5EA">A discussion on the relationship of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894) and C. pseudomeia Fan & Wang, 2004 syn. n. (Hesperiidae, Pyrginae)</mods:title>
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(
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,
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, pl. XXXVIII, fig. 5.
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locality:
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,
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<emphasis id="B91EA32A6953AD0900AFF9CAFED9FA2E" box="[151,288,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">Capila omeia</emphasis>
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:
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;
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;
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;
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Yuan
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<emphasis id="B91EA32A6953AD090385F9CBFC13FA2E" box="[957,1002,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
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. 2015: 133
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB59296953AD090451F9CBFAABFA2E" author="Wu, C. S. & Hsu, Y. F." box="[1129,1362,1510,1534]" page="1289" pageId="1" pageNumber="588" year="2017">
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.
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<paragraph id="8BD57F386953AD0900AFFA2AFD94F9CD" blockId="1.[151,1436,1480,1596]" box="[151,621,1541,1566]" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7A58166953AD0900AFFA2AFD94F9CD" box="[151,621,1541,1566]" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">
|
||
=
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB59296953AD090093FA29FD90F9CD" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M." box="[171,617,1541,1566]" page="154" pageId="1" pageNumber="588" year="2004">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6953AD090093FA29FD90F9CD" ID-CoL="B8QL6" authority="Fan & Wang, 2004: 154" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityPageNumber="154" authorityYear="2004" box="[171,617,1541,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6953AD090093FA29FE96F9CD" box="[171,367,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">Capila pseudomeia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96953AD09014DFA2AFD90F9CD" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M." box="[373,617,1541,1566]" pageId="1" pageNumber="588" pagination="153 - 156" refId="ref2589" refString="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. (2004) Notes on the genus Capila from China with a new species and a new record (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29 (1), 153 - 156." type="journal article" year="2004">Fan & Wang, 2004: 154</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3702CB36953AD09024AFA2AFD67F9EC" pageId="1" pageNumber="588" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD57F386953AD09024AFA2AFD67F9EC" blockId="1.[151,1436,1480,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1C19A6953AD09024AFA2AFD5DF9CE" box="[626,676,1542,1566]" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Dadongshan, Lian Xian,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEB1DA6953AD090438FA29FB80F9CD" box="[1024,1145,1541,1565]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB59296953AD0904BAFA2AFAA4F9CD" author="Yuan, F. & Yuan, X. Q. & Xue, G. X." box="[1154,1373,1541,1565]" page="134" pageId="1" pageNumber="588" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96953AD0904BAFA2AFAA4F9CD" author="Yuan, F. & Yuan, X. Q. & Xue, G. X." box="[1154,1373,1541,1565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="588" refId="ref3139" refString="Yuan, F., Yuan, X. Q. & Xue, G. X. (2015) Fauna Sinica: Insecta. Vol. 55. Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 754 pp., 15 pls." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Yuan
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6953AD090484FA2AFB11F9CD" box="[1212,1256,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015: 134
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB59296953AD09055FFA29FED6F9EC" author="Chen, Z. J." page="426" pageId="1" pageNumber="588" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96953AD09055FFA29FED6F9EC" author="Chen, Z. J." pageId="1" pageNumber="588" refId="ref2487" refString="Chen, Z. J. (2016) Guizhou Butterfly. Guizhou Science and Technology Press, Guiyang, 557 pp." type="book" year="2016">Chen 2016: 426</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 551; Xing
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6953AD09019EFA08FE20F9EC" box="[422,473,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">et. al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020: 273.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6953AD090260FA08FD67F9EC" bold="true" box="[600,670,1572,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">syn. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3702CB36953AD0C00AFFA46FDA8FE59" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="591" pageId="1" pageNumber="588" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD57F386953AD0900AFFA46FA7DF88C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1642,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6953AD0900AFFA46FD7DF954" bold="true" box="[151,644,1642,1668]" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">Intraspecific variability of wing pattern.</emphasis>
|
||
In male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135163BD6953AD0902C0FA46FCC4F954" box="[760,829,1642,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,187,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-21@2.[151,1435,181,1119]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male adults of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894), from Simianshan, Chongqing. A [Specimen ID C17, Dissection No. CQ170] and D [Specimen ID C16, Dissection No. CQ171] are used for DNA sequencing. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837206/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), the forewing length is
|
||
<quantity id="4C92D2DD6953AD090459FA46FB24F954" box="[1121,1245,1642,1669]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 30). In the subapical area there are usually three spots in spaces R
|
||
<subScript id="17EE7D7D6953AD0902C1FA8CFCF8F97E" attach="left" box="[761,769,1696,1710]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">3</subScript>
|
||
–R
|
||
<subScript id="17EE7D7D6953AD09031AFA8CFCD3F97E" attach="right" box="[802,810,1696,1710]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">5</subScript>
|
||
, which may be elongated; in very few individuals a tiny dot exists in space M
|
||
<subScript id="17EE7D7D6953AD0901BAFAE8FE73F902" attach="left" box="[386,394,1732,1746]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">1</subScript>
|
||
, may be followed by a vestigial dot in space M
|
||
<subScript id="17EE7D7D6953AD0903A0FAE8FC59F902" attach="left" box="[920,928,1732,1746]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">2</subScript>
|
||
. In the discal area, three spots always present in space M
|
||
<subScript id="17EE7D7D6953AD09012CFAC4FEE5F926" attach="left" box="[276,284,1768,1782]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">3</subScript>
|
||
, space Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17EE7D7D6953AD0901ABFAC4FE62F926" attach="left" box="[403,411,1768,1782]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">1</subScript>
|
||
and the cell end, respectively. These three spots may be closely placed (separated by dark veins), slightly detached, or well separated, and their size and shape are also variable among individuals. White stripes sometimes appear in the costal area above the cell spot. In most specimens, under the spot in space Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17EE7D7D6953AD09056EFB1CFAA7F8EE" attach="left" box="[1366,1374,1840,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">1</subScript>
|
||
there is a spot in the upper half of space Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17EE7D7D6953AD090205FB78FDBCF8B2" attach="left" box="[573,581,1876,1890]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">2</subScript>
|
||
, with variable size and shape, tending to be vanished in some individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD57F386953AD0900FFFB4AFEA4F818" blockId="1.[151,1437,1642,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">
|
||
In female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135163BD6953AD09017CFB4AFE70F850" box="[324,393,1894,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,1233,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-66@2.[151,1435,1227,1953]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Female adults of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894), from Simianshan, Chongqing. B [Specimen ID C18, Dissection No. CQ172] is used for DNA sequencing. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837210/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), the length of forewing is
|
||
<quantity id="4C92D2DD6953AD0902F9FB4AFCC5F850" box="[705,828,1894,1920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="588" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="28.0">28–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 6). The costal stripes above the cell spot always present. The discal spots well developed and closely located. A vestigial tiny dot sometimes appears in the lower half of space Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17EE7D7D6953AD090176FBECFEAFF81E" attach="left" box="[334,342,1984,1998]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="588">2</subScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF152FB06950AD0A00A0F85AFB25FB62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7837206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837206/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="589" startId="2.[152,255,1142,1166]" targetBox="[160,1427,187,1115]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD57F386950AD0A00A0F85AFB25FB62" blockId="2.[151,1437,1142,1203]" pageId="2" pageNumber="589">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6950AD0A00A0F85AFEE0FB5F" bold="true" box="[152,281,1142,1167]" pageId="2" pageNumber="589">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Male adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6950AD0A0183F85BFD25FB5F" authority="(Leech, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[443,732,1143,1167]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6950AD0A0183F85BFDBCFB5E" box="[443,581,1143,1167]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="589">Capila omeia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96950AD0A026BF85BFD2CFB5F" author="Leech, J. H." box="[595,725,1143,1167]" pageId="2" pageNumber="589" pagination="557 - 642" refId="ref2874" refString="Leech, J. H. (1894) Butterflies from China, Japan and Corea. Part V. Hesperiidae. John Henry Leech, London, pp. 557 - 642." type="book chapter" year="1894">Leech, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Simianshan, Chongqing. A [Specimen ID C17, Dissection No. CQ170] and D [Specimen ID C16, Dissection No. CQ171] are used for DNA sequencing. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF152FB06950AD0A00A0FB94FD32F824" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837210" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7837210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837210/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="589" startId="2.[152,255,1976,2000]" targetBox="[159,1428,1233,1946]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD57F386950AD0A00A0FB94FD32F824" blockId="2.[151,1437,1976,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="589">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6950AD0A00A0FB94FEEEF801" bold="true" box="[152,279,1976,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="589">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Female adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6950AD0A01F2FB94FD11F801" authority="(Leech, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[458,744,1976,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6950AD0A01F2FB94FDAAF800" box="[458,595,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="589">Capila omeia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96950AD0A0267FB94FD18F801" author="Leech, J. H." box="[607,737,1976,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="589" pagination="557 - 642" refId="ref2874" refString="Leech, J. H. (1894) Butterflies from China, Japan and Corea. Part V. Hesperiidae. John Henry Leech, London, pp. 557 - 642." type="book chapter" year="1894">Leech, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Simianshan, Chongqing. B [Specimen ID C18, Dissection No. CQ172] is used for DNA sequencing. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD57F386951AD0B00FFFCBBFDE1FE7D" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B00FFFCBBFDA1FF61" bold="true" box="[199,600,150,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Remarks on genitalia characters.</emphasis>
|
||
A hand drawing of the genitalia of a male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6951AD0B0471FCBBFB1BFF60" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1097,1250,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B0471FCBBFB1BFF60" box="[1097,1250,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Capila omeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Omeishan was provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96951AD0B0163FC97FDD7FF05" author="Yuan, F. & Yuan, X. Q. & Xue, G. X." box="[347,558,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" refId="ref3139" refString="Yuan, F., Yuan, X. Q. & Xue, G. X. (2015) Fauna Sinica: Insecta. Vol. 55. Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 754 pp., 15 pls." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Yuan
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B01A5FC97FE29FF05" box="[413,464,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Comparing the hand drawing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96951AD0B03AEFC97FB69FF05" author="Yuan, F. & Yuan, X. Q. & Xue, G. X." box="[918,1168,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" refId="ref3139" refString="Yuan, F., Yuan, X. Q. & Xue, G. X. (2015) Fauna Sinica: Insecta. Vol. 55. Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 754 pp., 15 pls." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Yuan
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B03E3FC97FBF4FF05" box="[987,1037,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015: 134
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with the photos of the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6951AD0B0158FCF3FDF1FF29" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2004" box="[352,520,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B0158FCF3FDF1FF29" box="[352,520,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">C. pseudomeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96951AD0B0220FCF3FD09FF29" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M." box="[536,752,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" pagination="153 - 156" refId="ref2589" refString="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. (2004) Notes on the genus Capila from China with a new species and a new record (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29 (1), 153 - 156." type="journal article" year="2004">Fan & Wang 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 5–10), the dorsal and middle branches of valva of the two species seem to be different in length and direction. However, these differences are actually due to view angle. Here we illustrate the genitalia of a male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6951AD0B0254FD0BFD2BFE90" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[620,722,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B0254FD0BFD2BFE90" box="[620,722,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">C. omeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEB1DA6951AD0B038CFD0BFBC9FE91" box="[948,1072,295,321]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135163BD6951AD0B0479FD0BFB7FFE91" box="[1089,1158,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1193,1217]" captionTargetBox="[189,1392,603,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-226@3.[185,1402,597,1169]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894) [Specimen ID C17, Dissection No. CQ170]. A. genital capsule, lateral view. B. ditto, ventral view. C. ditto, ring removed, dorsal view. D. ring, posterior view. E. ditto, lateral view. F. uncus and tegumen, dorsal view. G. gnathos and uncus, ventral view. H. left valva, outer side. I, J. ditto, inner side. K. ditto, dorsal view. L. aedeagus, dorsal view. N. ditto, ventral view. P. ditto, right side. Q. ditto, left side. R. juxta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837212/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). It shows that the valva is curved and the three branches are bent inwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135163BD6951AD0B02E3FD67FCD8FEB5" box="[731,801,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1193,1217]" captionTargetBox="[189,1392,603,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-226@3.[185,1402,597,1169]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894) [Specimen ID C17, Dissection No. CQ170]. A. genital capsule, lateral view. B. ditto, ventral view. C. ditto, ring removed, dorsal view. D. ring, posterior view. E. ditto, lateral view. F. uncus and tegumen, dorsal view. G. gnathos and uncus, ventral view. H. left valva, outer side. I, J. ditto, inner side. K. ditto, dorsal view. L. aedeagus, dorsal view. N. ditto, ventral view. P. ditto, right side. Q. ditto, left side. R. juxta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837212/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
: B, C, K), therefore, the shape of its inner side depends on how it is posed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135163BD6951AD0B0141FD43FE39FE59" box="[377,448,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1193,1217]" captionTargetBox="[189,1392,603,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-226@3.[185,1402,597,1169]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894) [Specimen ID C17, Dissection No. CQ170]. A. genital capsule, lateral view. B. ditto, ventral view. C. ditto, ring removed, dorsal view. D. ring, posterior view. E. ditto, lateral view. F. uncus and tegumen, dorsal view. G. gnathos and uncus, ventral view. H. left valva, outer side. I, J. ditto, inner side. K. ditto, dorsal view. L. aedeagus, dorsal view. N. ditto, ventral view. P. ditto, right side. Q. ditto, left side. R. juxta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837212/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
: I, J). A similar example is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6951AD0B02C3FD43FB11FE59" authority="Fan & Wang, 2006" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2006" box="[763,1256,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neomaeniata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B02C3FD43FBF1FE58" box="[763,1032,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Coladenia neomaeniata</emphasis>
|
||
Fan & Wang, 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6951AD0B052AFD43FEBBFE7D" authority="Oberthur, 1896" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maeniata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B052AFD43FA65FE58" box="[1298,1436,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">C. maeniata</emphasis>
|
||
Oberthür, 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96951AD0B0161FDBFFDF5FE7D" author="Xue, G. X. & Inayoshi, Y. & Hu, H. L. & Li, M. & Ren, Y. D." box="[345,524,402,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" pagination="129 - 138" refId="ref3067" refString="Xue, G. X., Inayoshi, Y., Hu, H. L., Li, M. & Ren, Y. D. (2015) A new subspecies and a new synonym of the genus Coladenia (Hesperiidae, Pyrginae) from China. ZooKeys, 518, 129 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 518.10011" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Xue
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B01A8FDBFFE3BFE7D" box="[400,450,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD57F386951AD0B00FFFD9BFEDBFDED" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
|
||
As to the female genitalia, specimens from southwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEB1DA6951AD0B0372FD9BFC3FFE01" box="[842,966,439,465]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135163BD6951AD0B03EDFD9BFBE0FE01" box="[981,1049,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[188,1407,1360,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-324@3.[176,1410,1350,1956]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral view of female genitalia of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894) from Simianshan, Chongqing, ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix not shown. A. Specimen ID C18, Dissection No. CQ172. B. Dissection No. CQ97." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837214/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) exhibit a slight variability. In one of the six examined specimens, the middle of lateral edges of the lamella antevaginal is protruding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135163BD6951AD0B04CEFDF7FAC5FE25" box="[1270,1340,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[188,1407,1360,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-324@3.[176,1410,1350,1956]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral view of female genitalia of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894) from Simianshan, Chongqing, ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix not shown. A. Specimen ID C18, Dissection No. CQ172. B. Dissection No. CQ97." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837214/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
: B). The female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6951AD0B0149FDD3FDB2FDC9" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2004" box="[369,587,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B0149FDD3FDB2FDC9" box="[369,587,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Capila pseudomeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96951AD0B0262FDD3FCD7FDC9" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M." box="[602,814,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" pagination="153 - 156" refId="ref2589" refString="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. (2004) Notes on the genus Capila from China with a new species and a new record (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29 (1), 153 - 156." type="journal article" year="2004">Fan & Wang 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 11, 12) show no significant difference from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6951AD0B008EFE0FFEE3FDEC" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[182,282,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B008EFE0FFEE3FDEC" box="[182,282,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">C. omeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF152FB06951AD0B00A0F885FBB7FAFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7837212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837212/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" startId="3.[152,255,1193,1217]" targetBox="[189,1392,603,1164]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD57F386951AD0B00A0F885FBB7FAFD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1193,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B00A0F885FEE3FB12" bold="true" box="[152,282,1193,1218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6951AD0B01E5F885FCF8FB12" authority="(Leech, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[477,769,1193,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B01E5F885FD90FB11" box="[477,617,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Capila omeia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96951AD0B0240F885FD03FB12" author="Leech, J. H." box="[632,762,1193,1218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" pagination="557 - 642" refId="ref2874" refString="Leech, J. H. (1894) Butterflies from China, Japan and Corea. Part V. Hesperiidae. John Henry Leech, London, pp. 557 - 642." type="book chapter" year="1894">Leech, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Specimen ID C17, Dissection No. CQ170]. A. genital capsule, lateral view. B.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B010CF8E1FE9BFB35" box="[308,354,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral view. C.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B022AF8E1FDB9FB35" box="[530,576,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, ring removed, dorsal view. D. ring, posterior view. E.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B045DF8E1FB6AFB35" box="[1125,1171,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view. F. uncus and tegumen, dorsal view. G. gnathos and uncus, ventral view. H. left valva, outer side. I, J.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B0422F8DDFBB1FAD9" box="[1050,1096,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, inner side. K.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B04DEF8DDFAEDFAD9" box="[1254,1300,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view. L. aedeagus, dorsal view. N.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B0184F939FE13FAFD" box="[444,490,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral view. P.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B02A0F939FD3FFAFD" box="[664,710,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, right side. Q.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B0366F939FC75FAFD" box="[862,908,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, left side. R. juxta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF152FB06951AD0B00AFFB97FB71F828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7837214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837214/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" startId="3.[151,250,1979,2003]" targetBox="[188,1407,1360,1956]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD57F386951AD0B00AFFB97FB71F828" blockId="3.[151,1437,1979,2040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B00AFFB97FEEDF804" bold="true" box="[151,276,1979,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6951AD0B02BDFB90FC5DF804" authority="(Leech, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[645,932,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6951AD0B02BDFB90FCF6F803" box="[645,783,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="590">Capila omeia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96951AD0B0325FB90FC67F804" author="Leech, J. H." box="[797,926,1980,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="590" pagination="557 - 642" refId="ref2874" refString="Leech, J. H. (1894) Butterflies from China, Japan and Corea. Part V. Hesperiidae. John Henry Leech, London, pp. 557 - 642." type="book chapter" year="1894">Leech, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Simianshan, Chongqing, ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix not shown. A. Specimen ID C18, Dissection No. CQ172. B. Dissection No. CQ97.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD57F386956AD0C00FFFCBAFDA8FE59" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6956AD0C00FFFCBAFEADFF60" bold="true" box="[199,340,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Conclusion.</emphasis>
|
||
Among the samples used for both molecular and morphological comparison,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135163BD6956AD0C0483FCBBFB07FF61" box="[1211,1278,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,187,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-21@2.[151,1435,181,1119]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male adults of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894), from Simianshan, Chongqing. A [Specimen ID C17, Dissection No. CQ170] and D [Specimen ID C16, Dissection No. CQ171] are used for DNA sequencing. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837206/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
: A is a typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6956AD0C00AFFC97FED6FF04" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[151,303,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6956AD0C00AFFC97FED6FF04" box="[151,303,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Capila omeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135163BD6956AD0C0105FC97FE78FF05" box="[317,385,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,187,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-21@2.[151,1435,181,1119]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male adults of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894), from Simianshan, Chongqing. A [Specimen ID C17, Dissection No. CQ170] and D [Specimen ID C16, Dissection No. CQ171] are used for DNA sequencing. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837206/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
: D and
|
||
<figureCitation id="135163BD6956AD0C01E1FC97FDE4FF05" box="[473,541,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,1233,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-66@2.[151,1435,1227,1953]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Female adults of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894), from Simianshan, Chongqing. B [Specimen ID C18, Dissection No. CQ172] is used for DNA sequencing. Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837210" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837210/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
: B are representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6956AD0C0302FC97FC18FF05" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2004" box="[826,993,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6956AD0C0302FC97FC18FF05" box="[826,993,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">C. pseudomeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because they are nearly identical to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1C19A6956AD0C00AFFCF3FF3EFF29" box="[151,199,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of the taxon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB02C96956AD0C01D3FCF3FD3CFF29" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M." box="[491,709,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" pagination="153 - 156" refId="ref2589" refString="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. (2004) Notes on the genus Capila from China with a new species and a new record (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29 (1), 153 - 156." type="journal article" year="2004">Fan & Wang 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 1–4). Based upon the above investigation, morphological characters in wing patterns and genitalia of both sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6956AD0C0304FD2FFC1FFECD" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2004" box="[828,998,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6956AD0C0304FD2FFC1FFECD" box="[828,998,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">C. pseudomeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fall into the intraspecific variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6956AD0C00AFFD0BFF07FE90" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[151,254,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6956AD0C00AFFD0BFF07FE90" box="[151,254,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">C. omeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, we conclude that the former should be treated as a junior synonym of the latter. Hopefully, molecular data of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1C19A6956AD0C01A2FD67FE33FEB5" box="[410,458,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens or materials from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1C19A6956AD0C036EFD67FC7FFEB5" box="[854,902,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6956AD0C0429FD67FB45FEB5" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2004" box="[1041,1212,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6956AD0C0429FD67FB45FEB5" box="[1041,1212,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">C. pseudomeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will provide direct evidence of this treatment in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3702CB36956AD0C00FFFDBEFA96FDC9" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD57F386956AD0C00FFFDBEFA96FDC9" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6956AD0C00FFFDBEFDF4FE7C" bold="true" box="[199,525,402,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Distribution and bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6956AD0C022AFDBFFD5FFE7C" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[530,678,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omeia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6956AD0C022AFDBFFD5FFE7C" box="[530,678,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Capila omeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed from the west to the southeast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEB1DA6956AD0C04A5FDBFFB0FFE7D" box="[1181,1270,403,429]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Basin, through northern and northeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEB1DA6956AD0C01FDFD9BFDDDFE01" box="[453,548,439,465]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
|
||
to northwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEB1DA6956AD0C02D1FD9BFC93FE01" box="[745,874,439,465]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135163BD6956AD0C0345FD9BFC3DFE01" box="[893,964,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1240,1264]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,561,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-204@4.[215,1373,561,1216]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894). A. Omeishan, type locality of C. omeia. B. Lushan. C. Simianshan. D. Kuankuoshui. E. Fanjingshan. F. Dadongshan, type locality of C. pseudomeia syn. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837216/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). During our field survey at Simianshan, southwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEB1DA6956AD0C0108FDF7FE57FE25" box="[304,430,475,501]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
|
||
, this species was a common skipper in mid-August, and adults always rested under leaves. At Fanjingshan, northeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AEB1DA6956AD0C01E7FDD3FDB8FDC9" box="[479,577,511,537]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
|
||
, it was observed using
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A04BB6956AD0C037BFDD3FBE1FDC9" box="[835,1048,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Patrinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="4" pageNumber="591" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EA32A6956AD0C037BFDD3FBE1FDC9" box="[835,1048,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Patrinia monandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as nectar source plant (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135163BD6956AD0C0526FDD3FA98FDC9" box="[1310,1377,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="4.[151,250,2004,2028]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,1325,1981]" captionTargetId="figure-243@4.[211,1376,1325,1981]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 6. Female adult of Capila omeia (Leech, 1894) in nature. Photographed by Chen Zhengjun at Mt. Fanjingshan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7837220/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="591">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |