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<document id="285174260935FAA0F3AF6F7879B33867" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.8074943" ID-ISSN="2754-9844" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8074943" ID-ZooBank="BCAD06E8-0AFE-46ED-B7FA-930983CD44C4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1699388683108" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Noyes, John Stuart" docDate="2023" docId="03BA87A7FFFCFF8DFE1EBD5AA79DFC87" docLanguage="en" docName="TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2.1-921.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8074943" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DAA2ADC4E839520FEEF1E0A10B782A41.2:TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="DAA2ADC4E839520FEEF1E0A10B782A41" docStyleName="TaxMonogNeotropHymenopt.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Adelencyrtus bifasciatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FF83FFDFFFD5FFA7FFE2BC24A610FFC5" masterDocTitle="ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera)" masterLastPageNumber="5239" masterPageNumber="5228" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1699893637884" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="E6455E8D3C716E68C847D81A9F76D686">ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A269C3CF4CC3A7A46DA7C2BAB53BE054">Noyes, John Stuart</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="DD92E3A7DDCD2A8F27973885BD408FA3">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BA87A7FFFCFF8DFE1EBD5AA79DFC87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A7FFFCFF8DFE1EBD5AA79DFC87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87A7FFFCFF8DFE1EBD5AA79DFC87" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFFCFF8EFE1EBD5AA555FE53" blockId="41.[508,837,382,433]" box="[508,837,382,406]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="D0E481DDFFFCFF8EFE1EBD5AA555FE53" bold="true" box="[508,837,382,406]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFCFF8EFE1EBD5AA555FE53" ID-CoL="9XH4" authority="(Ishii)" baseAuthorityName="Ishii" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[508,837,382,406]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Adelencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFCFF8EFE1EBD5AA495FE53" bold="true" box="[508,645,382,406]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Adelencyrtus</emphasis>
bifasciatus (Ishii)
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C309653AFFFCFF8EFDCEBDBDA505FE74" box="[556,789,409,433]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFFCFF8EFDCEBDBDA505FE74" blockId="41.[508,837,382,433]" box="[556,789,409,433]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
(
<figureCitation id="13282A34FFFCFF8EFDD1BDBDA4B5FE74" box="[563,677,409,433]" captionStart-0="Figs 24-37" captionStart-1="Figs 38-50" captionStartId-0="739.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionStartId-1="740.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox-0="[184,1159,229,1506]" captionTargetBox-1="[181,1155,227,1505]" captionTargetId-0="figure-10@739.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetId-1="figure-9@740.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId-0="739" captionTargetPageId-1="740" captionText-0="Figs 24-37. Adelencyrtus plocus, HT (24) fore wing; (25) fore wing venation; (26) ovipositor. Adelencyrtus odonaspidis (27) mesosoma, dorsal view; (28) head facial view; (29) fore wing; (30) antenna; (31) hypopygium; (32) ovipositor. Adelencyrtus bifasciatus (33) head facial view; (34) antenna, larger specimen; (35) antenna, smaller specimen; (36) hypopygium; (37) mesosoma, dorsal view." captionText-1="Figs 38-50. Adelencyrtus bifasciatus (38) fore wing; (39) fore wing venation; (40) ovipositor. Plagiomerus bangaloriensis (41) fore wing; (42) fore wing venation; (43) ovipositor; (44) head, facial view; (45) antenna; (46) hypopygium; (47) mesosoma, dorsal view. Plagiomerus hospes (48) head, facial view; (49) mesosoma, dorsal view, smaller specimen; (50) mesosoma, dorsal view, larger specimen." pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Figs 33-40</figureCitation>
; Hab. E 6)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFFFCFF8EFF57BDEAA525FDD9" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFFCFF8EFF57BDEAA48CFDC4" blockId="41.[181,1164,462,540]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB03119FFFFCFF8EFF57BDEAA48CFDC4" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB210A0FFFCFF8EFF57BDEAA495FE23" author="Ishii, T." box="[181,645,462,486]" page="107" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" year="1923">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFCFF8EFF57BDEAA495FE23" ID-CoL="66HVN" authority="Ishii, 1923: 106 - 107" authorityName="Ishii" authorityPageNumber="106 - 107" authorityYear="1923" box="[181,645,462,486]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anabrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciata">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFCFF8EFF57BDEAA7B3FE23" box="[181,419,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Anabrolepis bifasciata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FFFCFF8EFE50BDEAA495FE23" author="Ishii, T." box="[434,645,462,486]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" pagination="69 - 114" refId="ref648500" refString="Ishii, T. 1923. Observations on the hymenopterous parasites of Ceroplastes rubens Mask., with descriptions of new genera and species of the subfamily Encyrtinae. Bulletin of Imperial Plant Quarantine Station Yokohama 3: 69 - 114." type="journal article" year="1923">Ishii, 1923:106-107</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54A88813FFFCFF8EFD75BDEBA4ECFE22" box="[663,764,463,487]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
E, designated by
<treatmentCitation id="0AB210A0FFFCFF8EFC35BDEAA773FDC4" author="Japoshvili, G. &amp; Higashiura, Y. &amp; Kamitani, S." page="350" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FFFCFF8EFC35BDEAA773FDC4" author="Japoshvili, G. &amp; Higashiura, Y. &amp; Kamitani, S." pageId="41" pageNumber="40" pagination="345 - 401" refId="ref648763" refString="Japoshvili, G., Higashiura, Y. &amp; Kamitani, S. 2016. A review of Japanese Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera), with descriptions of new species, new records and comments on the types described by Japanese authors. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1): 345 - 401." type="journal article" year="2016">Japoshvili et al., 2016:350</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFCFF8EFE8FBDCEA7B9FDC4" box="[365,425,490,513]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Japan</collectingCountry>
, NIAES, not examined.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFFCFF8EFF57BE20A525FDD9" blockId="41.[181,1164,462,540]" box="[181,821,516,540]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB03119FFFFCFF8EFF57BE20A525FDD9" box="[181,821,516,540]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFCFF8EFF57BE20A7E5FDD9" ID-CoL="9XH4" authority="(Ishii)" baseAuthorityName="Ishii" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[181,501,516,540]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Adelencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFCFF8EFF57BE20A7BEFDD9" box="[181,430,516,540]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Adelencyrtus bifasciatus</emphasis>
(Ishii)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB210A0FFFCFF8EFE1DBE20A525FDD9" author="Compere, H. &amp; Annecke, D. P." box="[511,821,516,540]" page="57" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FFFCFF8EFE1DBE20A525FDD9" author="Compere, H. &amp; Annecke, D. P." box="[511,821,516,540]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" pagination="17 - 71" refId="ref643975" refString="Compere, H. &amp; Annecke, D. P. 1961. Descriptions of parasitic Hymenoptera and comments (Hymenopt.: Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 24: 17 - 71." type="journal article" year="1961">Compere &amp; Annecke, 1961:57</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFFFCFF8EFF57BE1DA797FA32" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFFCFF8EFF57BE1DA797FA32" blockId="41.[181,1165,569,1527]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
DIAGNOSIS.
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFCFF8EFEAEBE1DA788FD94" box="[332,408,569,593]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Female</emphasis>
(length about
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FFFCFF8EFDCCBE1DA4B2FD94" box="[558,674,569,593]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.1">1.1-1.5mm</quantity>
): head with frontovertex metallic green to blue-green; purple above scrobes and between eye and scrobe; a few setae along inner eye margin, these continuing below eye on to gena as a conspicuous line; maxillary palpus white; antenna mainly dark brown, but with F5 pale orange, mixed brown proximally and F6 pale yellow; thorax dark brown to black with a metallic lustre; mesoscutum mostly with a purple and blue-green sheen, axilla and dorsal part of scutellum similar to mesoscutum, but much less shiny, side and apex of scutellum bright, metallic blue-green; all coxae dark brown; fore femur dark brown with extreme apices very pale orange, tibia dark brown with apical one-third pale orange; mid femur white in proximal half, a broad, subapical brown band, apex very pale orange, tibia very pale orange with a subbasal, brown band, spur and tarsus very pale orange, almost white; hind femur dark brown with extreme base pale orange, tibia dark brown with apical 0.3X white; fore wing (
<figureCitation id="13282A34FFFCFF8EFF5FBF7BA716FCB2" box="[189,262,863,887]" captionStart="Figs 38-50" captionStartId="740.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[181,1155,227,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-9@740.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="740" captionText="Figs 38-50. Adelencyrtus bifasciatus (38) fore wing; (39) fore wing venation; (40) ovipositor. Plagiomerus bangaloriensis (41) fore wing; (42) fore wing venation; (43) ovipositor; (44) head, facial view; (45) antenna; (46) hypopygium; (47) mesosoma, dorsal view. Plagiomerus hospes (48) head, facial view; (49) mesosoma, dorsal view, smaller specimen; (50) mesosoma, dorsal view, larger specimen." pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
) hyaline proximad of parastigma, otherwise mostly infuscate, but with a pair of opposite, subrectangular, marginal, hyaline spots distad of apex of venation and more or less hyaline apically; gaster dorsally with a coppery purple sheen mixed slightly brassy and green, Gt1 with a proximal metallic purple band then a dark metallic blue and blue-green band and distally coppery purple; gonostylus dark brown; head (
<figureCitation id="13282A34FFFCFF8EFDDFBFEDA498FC24" box="[573,648,969,993]" captionStart="Figs 24-37" captionStartId="739.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[184,1159,229,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@739.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="739" captionText="Figs 24-37. Adelencyrtus plocus, HT (24) fore wing; (25) fore wing venation; (26) ovipositor. Adelencyrtus odonaspidis (27) mesosoma, dorsal view; (28) head facial view; (29) fore wing; (30) antenna; (31) hypopygium; (32) ovipositor. Adelencyrtus bifasciatus (33) head facial view; (34) antenna, larger specimen; (35) antenna, smaller specimen; (36) hypopygium; (37) mesosoma, dorsal view." pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
) about 4.5-5.4X as wide as frontovertex, which is narrowest a little behind posterior ocelli and immediately above scrobes; ocelli forming an angle of about 55-75°; frontovertex with relatively deep, punctate-reticulate sculpture; antenna as in
<figureCitation id="13282A34FFFCFF8EFF57B83DA73DFBF4" box="[181,301,1049,1073]" captionStart="Figs 24-37" captionStartId="739.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[184,1159,229,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@739.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="739" captionText="Figs 24-37. Adelencyrtus plocus, HT (24) fore wing; (25) fore wing venation; (26) ovipositor. Adelencyrtus odonaspidis (27) mesosoma, dorsal view; (28) head facial view; (29) fore wing; (30) antenna; (31) hypopygium; (32) ovipositor. Adelencyrtus bifasciatus (33) head facial view; (34) antenna, larger specimen; (35) antenna, smaller specimen; (36) hypopygium; (37) mesosoma, dorsal view." pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Figs 34, 35</figureCitation>
; scape hardly broadened and flattened, about 4.1-4.3X as long as broad; F1 and F2 relatively small, anelliform, subequal, F3-F4 a little larger, transverse or quadrate, F5-F6 quadrate or longer than broad, smaller specimens with F3-F4 transverse; linear sensilla present only on F3-F6; clava in smaller specimens a little longer than funicle, but in larger specimens about as long as F2-F6 combined; eye clothed with moderately conspicuous setae, each of which is very nearly as long as diameter of facet; mandible with 4 teeth, two upper teeth very short sometimes forming a truncate margin; thorax (
<figureCitation id="13282A34FFFCFF8EFDC8B89DA467FB14" box="[554,631,1209,1233]" captionStart="Figs 24-37" captionStartId="739.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[184,1159,229,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@739.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="739" captionText="Figs 24-37. Adelencyrtus plocus, HT (24) fore wing; (25) fore wing venation; (26) ovipositor. Adelencyrtus odonaspidis (27) mesosoma, dorsal view; (28) head facial view; (29) fore wing; (30) antenna; (31) hypopygium; (32) ovipositor. Adelencyrtus bifasciatus (33) head facial view; (34) antenna, larger specimen; (35) antenna, smaller specimen; (36) hypopygium; (37) mesosoma, dorsal view." pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
) with polygonally reticulate to imbricate-reticulate sculpture on mesoscutum; scutellum dorsally with fine, more or less regular punctate-reticulate sculpture that is clearly deeper than that on mesoscutum, side and apex completely smooth and shiny; scutellum with 3 or 4 smaller setae and 4 larger setae, including a pair of longer, slender, subapical setae; fore wing with venation and setation as in
<figureCitation id="13282A34FFFCFF8EFCF1B900A599FAF9" box="[787,905,1316,1340]" captionStart="Figs 38-50" captionStartId="740.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[181,1155,227,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-9@740.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="740" captionText="Figs 38-50. Adelencyrtus bifasciatus (38) fore wing; (39) fore wing venation; (40) ovipositor. Plagiomerus bangaloriensis (41) fore wing; (42) fore wing venation; (43) ovipositor; (44) head, facial view; (45) antenna; (46) hypopygium; (47) mesosoma, dorsal view. Plagiomerus hospes (48) head, facial view; (49) mesosoma, dorsal view, smaller specimen; (50) mesosoma, dorsal view, larger specimen." pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Figs 38, 39</figureCitation>
; gaster with hypopygium as in
<figureCitation id="13282A34FFFCFF8EFF0DB91BA72BFA92" box="[239,315,1343,1367]" captionStart="Figs 24-37" captionStartId="739.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[184,1159,229,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-10@739.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="739" captionText="Figs 24-37. Adelencyrtus plocus, HT (24) fore wing; (25) fore wing venation; (26) ovipositor. Adelencyrtus odonaspidis (27) mesosoma, dorsal view; (28) head facial view; (29) fore wing; (30) antenna; (31) hypopygium; (32) ovipositor. Adelencyrtus bifasciatus (33) head facial view; (34) antenna, larger specimen; (35) antenna, smaller specimen; (36) hypopygium; (37) mesosoma, dorsal view." pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
; ovipositor (
<figureCitation id="13282A34FFFCFF8EFE5CB91BA41BFA92" box="[446,523,1343,1367]" captionStart="Figs 38-50" captionStartId="740.[181,226,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[181,1155,227,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-9@740.[181,1163,223,1508]" captionTargetPageId="740" captionText="Figs 38-50. Adelencyrtus bifasciatus (38) fore wing; (39) fore wing venation; (40) ovipositor. Plagiomerus bangaloriensis (41) fore wing; (42) fore wing venation; (43) ovipositor; (44) head, facial view; (45) antenna; (46) hypopygium; (47) mesosoma, dorsal view. Plagiomerus hospes (48) head, facial view; (49) mesosoma, dorsal view, smaller specimen; (50) mesosoma, dorsal view, larger specimen." pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
) slightly exserted, the exserted part about 0.8X length of mid tibial spur or about 0.3X mid tibia.
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFCFF8EFDF6B97DA458FAB4" box="[532,584,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Male</emphasis>
(length about 0.9-1.0mm): similar to female but for wider frontovertex, hyaline fore wing and structure of antenna and genitalia; head about 2X as wide as frontovertex, antenna with 2 anelliform funicle segments and a long clava that is about 7-8X as long as broad and about as long as head width; fore wing with linea calva interrupted by 2 or 3 setae; genitalia with aedeagus slender, digiti well developed, each about 2X as long as broad with a single apical hook.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFFFCFF8EFF57BA30A4DBF982" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFFCFF8EFF57BA30A4DBF982" blockId="41.[181,1165,1556,1607]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
DISTRIBUTION.
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFCFF8EFE95BA30A7B8F9E9" box="[375,424,1556,1580]" name="United States of America" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D7F853FFFCFF8EFE5BBA30A417F9E9" box="[441,519,1556,1580]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFCFF8EFDF9BA30A484F9E9" box="[539,660,1556,1580]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFCFF8EFD43BA30A4C8F9E9" box="[673,728,1556,1580]" name="India" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFCFF8EFD07BA30A534F9E9" box="[741,804,1556,1580]" name="China" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFCFF8EFCD3BA30A56EF9E9" box="[817,894,1556,1580]" name="Taiwan" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFCFF8EFC69BA31A5D5F9E9" box="[907,965,1557,1580]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Japan</collectingCountry>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FFFCFF8EFBE2BA31A292F9E9" author="Noyes, J. S." box="[1024,1154,1556,1581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" refId="ref650605" refString="Noyes, J. S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. https: // www. nhm. ac. uk / chalcidoids" type="url" year="2019">Noyes 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Also recorded below from
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFCFF8EFE24BA0BA424F982" box="[454,564,1583,1607]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFCFF8EFDA6BA0BA4ADF982" bold="true" box="[580,701,1583,1607]" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">new record</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFFFCFF8DFF57BA40A42CFEBE" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFFCFF8DFF57BA40A42CFEBE" blockId="41.[181,1164,1636,1687]" lastBlockId="42.[181,1165,222,380]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">
HOSTS. Recorded from
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFCFF8EFE32BA40A51FF9B9" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[464,783,1636,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantii">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFCFF8EFE32BA40A48CF9B9" box="[464,668,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Aonidiella aurantii</emphasis>
(Maskell)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFCFF8EFCC7BA40A298F9B9" authority="(Newstead)" baseAuthorityName="Newstead" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[805,1160,1636,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Aonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFCFF8EFCC7BA40A210F9B9" box="[805,1024,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Aonidiella orientalis</emphasis>
(Newstead)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFCFF8EFF57BA5BA413F952" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" box="[181,515,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Gannaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFCFF8EFF57BA5BA78EF952" box="[181,414,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Gannaspis glomerata</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFCFF8EFDF8BA5BA594F952" authority="(Signoret)" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[538,900,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Hemiberlesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lataniae">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFCFF8EFDF8BA5BA51AF952" box="[538,778,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Hemiberlesia lataniae</emphasis>
(Signoret)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFCFF8EFC7CBA5BA299F952" authority="Shimer" authorityName="Shimer" authorityYear="1868" box="[926,1161,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lepidosaphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFCFF8EFC7CBA5BA239F952" box="[926,1065,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="40">Lepidosaphes</emphasis>
Shimer
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFF57BCFAA7EFFF33" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[181,511,222,246]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Lindingaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setiger">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFF57BCFAA79CFF33" box="[181,396,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Lindingaspis setiger</emphasis>
(Maskell)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFDF3BCFBA4F5FF33" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1892" box="[529,741,222,246]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pinnaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFDF3BCFBA465FF33" box="[529,629,223,246]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Pinnaspis</emphasis>
Cockerell
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFD18BCFAA249FF33" authority="(Cockerell)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[762,1113,222,246]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pseudaonidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duplex">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFD18BCFAA5C8FF33" box="[762,984,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Pseudaonidia duplex</emphasis>
(Cockerell)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFF57BCDDA423FED4" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[181,563,249,273]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pseudaonidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilobitiformis">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFF57BCDDA7C9FED4" box="[181,473,249,273]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FFFFFF8DFD93BCDEA4E9FED4" author="Noyes, J. S." box="[625,761,249,274]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" refId="ref650605" refString="Noyes, J. S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. https: // www. nhm. ac. uk / chalcidoids" type="url" year="2019">Noyes, 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Also, apparently insectary reared on
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFF57BD30A7C6FEE9" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" authorityYear="1893" box="[181,470,276,300]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFF57BD30A76BFEE9" box="[181,379,276,300]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Ceroplastes rubens</emphasis>
Maskell
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFE07BD30A446FEE9" box="[485,598,276,300]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFD83BD30A4D1FEE9" box="[609,705,276,300]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
) (see below) which suggests that the record of this species being reared once from the same host by
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FFFFFF8DFD11BD0BA22AFE82" author="Yasumatsu, K. &amp; Tachikawa, T." box="[755,1082,302,327]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="99 - 120" refId="ref655694" refString="Yasumatsu, K. &amp; Tachikawa, T. 1949. Investigations on the hymenopterous parasites of Ceroplastes rubens Maskell in Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 9: 99 - 120." type="journal article" year="1949">Yasumatsu &amp; Tachikawa (1949)</bibRefCitation>
may be correct, albeit unusual. A male of this species has also been reported emerging from
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFBF6BD6DA428FEBE" authority="Green (Xu &amp; Huang, 2004)" authorityName="Green (Xu &amp; Huang" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFBF6BD6DA708FEB9" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Ceroplastes japonicus</emphasis>
Green (
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FFFFFF8DFE88BD40A43DFEB9" author="Xu, Z. H. &amp; Huang, J." box="[362,557,356,380]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="7 - 5323" refId="ref655572" refString="Xu, Z. H. &amp; Huang, J. 2004. Chinese fauna of parasitic wasps on scale insects: 524 pp. National Natural Science Foundation of China. (ISBN 7 - 5323 - 7377 - 0)" type="book chapter" year="2004">Xu &amp; Huang, 2004</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFDCFBD40A428FEBE" box="[557,568,356,379]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFDDABD40A42CFEBE" box="[568,572,356,379]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309653AFFFFFF8DFF57BDBFA79DFC87" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFFFFF8DFF57BDBFA7BDFE75" blockId="42.[181,1164,411,593]" box="[181,429,411,432]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">MATERIAL EXAMINED.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFFFFF8DFF39BD91A728FD95" blockId="42.[181,1164,411,593]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFF39BD91A779FE0E" bold="true" box="[219,361,437,459]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFFFF8DFF39BD91A779FE0E" box="[219,361,437,459]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 3E,
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFE40BD91A7E4FE0E" bold="true" box="[418,500,437,459]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
<collectingRegion id="49D7F853FFFFFF8DFE40BD91A7E4FE0E" box="[418,500,437,459]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFFFF8DFDE1BD92A40FFE0E" box="[515,543,438,459]" name="Russia" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">RF</collectingCountry>
Arenal, Stor Colada,
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FFFFFF8DFD0DBD92A51DFE0E" box="[751,781,438,459]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">LN</collectionCode>
269900
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FFFFFF8DFC80BD91A5FBFE0E" box="[866,1003,437,459]" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.567506" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="4.567506E8">456750, 600m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAD1071FFFFFF8DFC14BD91A299FE0E" box="[1014,1161,437,459]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" value="1999-10-26" valueMax="1999-11-22" valueMin="1999-10-26">26.x-22.xi.1999</date>
,
<date id="FFAD1071FFFFFF8DFF57BDF4A6E5FE23" box="[181,245,464,486]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" value="2000-02">ii.2000</date>
and v-vi.2000 (G. Carballo); 1E Alajuela, PN Arenal, Sendero Ceibo,
<geoCoordinate id="EE275076FFFFFF8DFC9FBDF4A5DCFE20" box="[893,972,464,485]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="10.45">10°27N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE275076FFFFFF8DFC33BDF4A235FE20" box="[977,1061,464,485]" degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" precision="925" value="-84.73333">84°44W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CEB9B54FFFFFF8DFBCCBDF4A275FE23" box="[1070,1125,464,486]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="620.0">620m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFAD1071FFFFFF8DFB8CBDF4A702FDC4" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" value="2016-02-22" valueMax="2016-02-23" valueMin="2016-02-22">22- 23.ii.2016</date>
(J.S. Noyes).
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFE76BDCFA7F0FDC4" bold="true" box="[404,480,491,513]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFFFF8DFE76BDCFA7F0FDC4" box="[404,480,491,513]" name="China" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">CHINA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 1E,
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFDF7BDCFA44DFDC4" bold="true" box="[533,605,491,513]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
<collectingRegion id="49D7F853FFFFFF8DFDF7BDCFA44DFDC4" box="[533,605,491,513]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Hainan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, Hengsheng Co., ex
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFCFCBDCFA5ACFDC5" box="[798,956,491,512]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Pseudaonidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFCFCBDCFA58BFDC5" box="[798,923,491,512]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Pseudaonidia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFC3DBDCFA22AFDC5" box="[991,1082,491,512]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFC3DBDCFA208FDC5" box="[991,1048,491,512]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Citrus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 92-620- 21,
<date id="FFAD1071FFFFFF8DFF3ABE21A729FDDE" box="[216,313,517,539]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" value="1992-06-17">17.vi.1992</date>
(H.W. Browning).
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFE09BE21A424FDDF" bold="true" box="[491,564,517,538]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFFFF8DFE09BE21A424FDDF" box="[491,564,517,538]" name="Japan" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 4G,
<collectingRegion id="49D7F853FFFFFF8DFD8ABE21A4AFFDDE" box="[616,703,517,539]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFD07BE21A585FDDF" authorityName="Maskell" authorityYear="1893" box="[741,917,517,538]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFD07BE21A585FDDF" box="[741,917,517,538]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Ceroplastes rubens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFAD1071FFFFFF8DFC42BE21A212FDDE" box="[928,1026,517,539]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" value="1916-03-17">17.iii.1916</date>
(C.P. Clausen) [
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFFFF8DFF59BE04A6FEFDF0" box="[187,238,544,565]" name="United States of America" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D7F853FFFFFF8DFF1ABE04A746FDF3" box="[248,342,544,566]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">California</collectingRegion>
, State Insectary 1224], “G
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFDB7BE04A524FDF0" baseAuthorityName="Ishii" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[597,820,544,565]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Adelencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFDB7BE04A524FDF0" box="[597,820,544,565]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Adelencyrtus bifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
det. Compere”. Material in
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FFFFFF8DFBD9BE04A29CFDF0" box="[1083,1164,544,565]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">MZUCR</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED02AE74FFFFFF8DFF3EBE1FA725FD95" box="[220,309,571,592]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC36B1FFFFFF8DFF57BE4BA79DFC87" blockId="42.[181,1165,622,834]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">
COMMENTS. I have not been able to examine
<typeStatus id="54A88813FFFFFF8DFD47BE4BA4C1FD42" box="[677,721,623,647]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
material of this species, but the specimens agree well with the original description by
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FFFFFF8DFD64BEADA511FD64" author="Ishii, T." box="[646,769,649,673]" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="69 - 114" refId="ref648500" refString="Ishii, T. 1923. Observations on the hymenopterous parasites of Ceroplastes rubens Mask., with descriptions of new genera and species of the subfamily Encyrtinae. Bulletin of Imperial Plant Quarantine Station Yokohama 3: 69 - 114." type="journal article" year="1923">Ishii (1923)</bibRefCitation>
and also material determined as this species from
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFFFF8DFEDDBE80A76FFD79" box="[319,383,676,700]" name="China" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">China</collectingCountry>
. Initially I thought that the material from
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFFFF8DFCCDBE80A58EFD79" box="[815,926,676,700]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
belonged to a separate species characterised by relatively longer funicle segments. However, the antenna of a smaller specimen collected in the same locality matches the description and the Chinese specimen very well. Given this range of variation it seems possible that
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFD13BED0A6EBFCE2" authority="Zhang and Shi (2010)" authorityName="Zhang and Shi" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Adelencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biannulatus">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFD13BED0A5E4FCC9" box="[753,1012,756,780]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">Adelencyrtus biannulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF824B40FFFFFF8DFC1BBED0A6EBFCE2" author="Zhang, Y. Z. &amp; Shi, Z. Y." pageId="42" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref655850" refString="Zhang, Y. Z. &amp; Shi, Z. Y. 2010. The species of Adelencyrtus Ashmead and Epitetracnemus Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from China. Zootaxa 2605: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2010">Zhang and Shi (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from
<collectingCountry id="F3047621FFFFFF8DFE48BF2AA7F9FCE3" box="[426,489,782,806]" name="China" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">China</collectingCountry>
, may be merely larger specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C134D32FFFFFF8DFC88BF2AA5C8FCE3" baseAuthorityName="Ishii" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[874,984,782,806]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Adelencyrtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">
<emphasis id="B967EAA3FFFFFF8DFC88BF2AA5C8FCE3" box="[874,984,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="41">bifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and thus the two may be synonymous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>