385 lines
54 KiB
XML
385 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="550E06309B02CE93DFA8F29D9318E45B" ID-CLB-Dataset="5224" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6bf12332-272d-4c45-8a59-9ac0b899181a" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5143963" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627522577257" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Delprete, Piero G." docDate="2014" docId="03B9B849B7686A4C33DFFCC809C8F957" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.175.5.263-269.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 175 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Ombrophytum guayanensis Delprete 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="267" masterDocId="FF80C031B7696A483357FFBC0B5EFFBF" masterDocTitle="Ombrophytum guayanensis, the first record of subfamily Lophophytoideae (Balanophoraceae) in the Guayana Shield" masterLastPageNumber="269" masterPageNumber="263" pageNumber="264" updateTime="1699037508179" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="68EFF2DABF66DB81DC7D461E2ED75CD8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="92637D8F422A9129BBD26E3A4D36A245">
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<mods:title id="666B8F048263CDD3307A4EA2D4A1DD3F">Ombrophytum guayanensis, the first record of subfamily Lophophytoideae (Balanophoraceae) in the Guayana Shield</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="4206FD32EA5B6685436D9222EA35A581" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D9A10F110A837D8F5D175677631B0379">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B270B671A833108C3E1A00219914D551">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2DAE0842105334DCC646C09C99EC2D9E">Delprete, Piero G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="052581C427378A01D3AC839B26D81622">Herbier de Guyane, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR AMAP, Boite Postale 165, 97323 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana, France.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F76F3763C066415616E72A26DDEB3D54">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F4A24FBA7912205A735A3FFEA3D7B9C5">
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<mods:title id="A6A114424CD79376320801197455ED05">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4AB2A198B1008588B305C2843D26AC24">
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<mods:date id="22CF2219CF6983C77F68BA7CEE3DEDDA">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="5A41C991E391549445CDF819B3E7DFB2" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="E85CCA0BAB1F8E02B50D0D68AE710F83">2014-08-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BC5AD955A017E753AA830F85A2B76E47" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="52064C4EEA88673FC650FFC255245937">175</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3E62AB2B18E139149B45334D35CBC262" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5A6C0841B7376303FB56D8F361A0C63B">5</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="C16A47BE32EE2158AFBB947141497114">263</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="7CA6C78F311D38AA5BB93FA4703D32C1">
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<mods:url id="553C9C427C1154C17338A42132904BFA">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.4</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="A8538E0E8DB354716CBBE4383880BEF4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="80807B5DA1FD584F7E15F69155599CB7" type="CLB-Dataset">5224</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6D27E0E31E47818DB26EDFC9DCC38653" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4C5BD210D552E488B92769E68727990F" type="GBIF-Dataset">6bf12332-272d-4c45-8a59-9ac0b899181a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="90876AEA7A8FA179653BC9FA3BBBE7BC" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F807797592BEC055E9B8545695EB9D5C" type="Zenodo-Dep">5143963</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B9B849B7686A4C33DFFCC809C8F957" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5150625" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183841529" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5150625" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B9B849B7686A4C33DFFCC809C8F957" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B9B849B7686A4C33DFFCC809C8F957" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="267" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">
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<subSubSection id="C30A5AD4B7686A4933DFFCC80817FC31" box="[136,841,884,911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAF095FB7686A4933DFFCC80817FC31" blockId="1.[136,841,884,911]" box="[136,841,884,911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">
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<heading id="D0E7BE33B7686A4933DFFCC80817FC31" box="[136,841,884,911]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B964D54DB7686A4933DFFCC809C6FC31" bold="true" box="[136,664,884,911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1072DCB7686A4933DFFCC8096BFC31" authority="Delprete" authorityName="Delprete" authorityYear="2014" box="[136,565,884,911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Ombrophytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guayanensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B964D54DB7686A4933DFFCC80A98FC31" bold="true" box="[136,454,884,911]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">Ombrophytum guayanensis</emphasis>
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Delprete
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<emphasis id="B964D54DB7686A493116FCC809C6FC31" bold="true" box="[577,664,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2576836B7686A493116FCC809C6FC31" box="[577,664,884,910]" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
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<figureCitation id="132B15DAB7686A4931F0FCC809ABFC31" box="[679,757,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,228,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[257,1344,175,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-29@2.[232,1355,171,1840]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ombrophytum guayanensis. A, habit of a young individual, with stalk and basal tuber; B, longitudinal section of the young individual, showing the basal stalk, the intermediate female part with female branches intermixed among bracts, and the upper male part with male branches intermixed among bracts; C, individual in advanced stage, with female branches with mature fruits (not visible, present below the pelta); D, portion of the male part of the young individual, with two bracts and two immature male branches; E, male branches in anthesis, with dehisced anthers; F, portion of the female part of the young individual, with two bracts and two female branches in anthesis (stigmas receptive); G, Female branch with mature fruits; H, female flower in anthesis, with detail of the receptive stigma; J, mature fruit. (D−E at same scale, F−G drawn at same scale, H−J drawn at same scale). Drawn by P.G. Delprete from type specimens preserved in alcohol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5143965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5143965/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="132B15DAB7686A49307CFCC80862FC31" box="[811,828,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,171,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[164,1423,171,1903]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ombrophytum guayanensis. A, habit of a young individual, with cross sections of female and male portions; B, Side view of a cross section of a male portion, with two female branches at base (see too bigger pelta al base); C, detail of the cross section of the female portion of the young individual, with female flowers in anthesis; D, detail of the cross section of the male portion of the young individual, with undevelopped male branches and very young anthers; E, individual in advanced stage, with female branches with mature fruits (present below the pelta). Photos by G. Leotard." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5143967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5143967/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">2</figureCitation>
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).
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30A5AD4B7686A4933DFFC7C08CBF7B0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAF095FB7686A4933DFFC7C0A83FBA1" blockId="1.[136,1452,960,1054]" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">
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<emphasis id="B964D54DB7686A4933DFFC7C0B9CFC6A" bold="true" box="[136,194,960,981]" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">Type:</emphasis>
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—
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<materialsCitation id="3B780302B7686A49338DFC7C0A87FBA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3329671302" collectingDate="2012-07-13" collectionCode="G, CAY, K, NY" country="United States of America" county="Cacao Mountain" elevation="18" latitude="2.355" location="Commune de Camopi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.212223" municipality="Upper Camopi River" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<materialsCitation id="3B780302B7686A49338DFC7C0869FC46" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3329671301" collectingDate="2012-07-13" collectionCode="G" country="United States of America" county="Cacao Mountain" elevation="18" latitude="2.355" location="Commune de Camopi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.212223" municipality="Upper Camopi River" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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FRENCH GUIANA.
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<location id="8ECF5F84B7686A4932FBFC7C09DDFC69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B9B849B7686A4C33DFFCC809C8F957:8ECF5F84B7686A4932FBFC7C09DDFC69" box="[428,643,960,982]" country="United States of America" county="Cacao Mountain" latitude="2.355" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.212223" municipality="Upper Camopi River" name="Commune de Camopi" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">Commune de Camopi</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCB9325B7686A4931D9FC7C0802FC69" box="[654,860,960,982]" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">Upper Camopi River</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<collectingCounty id="62CE71D3B7686A493031FC7C0F54FC69" box="[870,1034,960,982]" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">Cacao Mountain</collectingCounty>
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, in undercanopy of forest
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||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49365DFC7C0E3FFC6A" box="[1290,1377,960,982]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">
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<elevation id="003DEE6CB7686A49365DFC7C0E3FFC6A" box="[1290,1377,960,982]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
tall, on lateritic soil,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE246F98B7686A493268FC580AE9FC46" box="[319,439,996,1017]" degrees="02" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" precision="15" seconds="18" value="2.355">02°21’18”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE246F98B7686A493294FC580960FC45" box="[451,574,996,1018]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-53.212223">53°12’44”W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49311EFC5809D4FC46" box="[585,650,996,1017]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="m" value="200.0">
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<elevation id="003DEE6CB7686A49311EFC5809D4FC46" box="[585,650,996,1017]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<date id="FFAE2F9FB7686A4931C1FC580849FC46" box="[662,791,996,1018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" value="2012-07-13">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFEAD677B7686A4931C1FC580849FC46" box="[662,791,996,1018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" value="2012-07-13">13 July 2012</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED01919AB7686A493074FC580869FC46" box="[803,823,996,1017]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" type="Herbarium">
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||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB7686A493074FC580869FC46" box="[803,823,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">G</emphasis>
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||
</collectionCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB7686A493060FC580865FC46" box="[823,827,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B780302B7686A493014FC580A87FBA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3329671303" collectionCode="CAY, K, NY" country="United States of America" location="US" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B964D54DB7686A493014FC5808E1FC46" box="[835,959,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">leotard 1000</emphasis>
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||
(
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<typeStatus id="54ABB7FDB7686A49309AFC580F7DFC45" box="[973,1059,996,1018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED01919AB7686A49377CFC580F3DFC46" box="[1067,1123,996,1017]" country="French Guiana" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15716" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15716" name="Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD)" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" type="Herbarium">CAY</collectionCode>
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!, isotypes
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<collectionCode id="ED01919AB7686A49379FFC580F81FC46" box="[1224,1247,996,1017]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
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||
!,
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<collectionCode id="ED01919AB7686A4937B8FC580E46FC46" box="[1263,1304,996,1017]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
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||
!,
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<collectingCountry id="F30749CFB7686A493670FC580E13FC46" box="[1319,1357,996,1017]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">US</collectingCountry>
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!; material preserved in alcohol at
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<collectionCode id="ED01919AB7686A4932CAFBB40A8CFBA1" box="[413,466,1032,1054]" country="French Guiana" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15716" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15716" name="Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD)" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" type="Herbarium">CAY</collectionCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAF095FB7686A4933DFFBF008CBF7B0" blockId="1.[136,1452,1100,2063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">
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Description and measurements made from specimens preserved in 60% ethanol and digital images. Total length of the plant
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||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4933A1FBCC0A37FB34" box="[246,361,1136,1163]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="cm" value="18.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="16.0">16−21 cm</quantity>
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(including the tuber). Tuber subterranean, irregularly depressed-ellipsoid,
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||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A493794FBCC0E44FB34" box="[1219,1306,1136,1163]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5−7 cm</quantity>
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||
wide. Volva coriaceous, shape unknown (only the basal portion observed in an old individual), breaking off irregularly. Inflorescence bisexual,
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||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4933A3FB040A3BFB6C" box="[244,357,1208,1235]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="cm" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13−16 cm</quantity>
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||
long; lower sterile part short-cylindrical,
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||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49306BFB0408F8FB6C" box="[828,934,1208,1235]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1−1.5 cm</quantity>
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||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4930B9FB040F06FB6C" box="[1006,1112,1208,1235]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2−2.5 cm</quantity>
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||
in diam.; intermediate female part faintly ellipsoid,
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||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49322DFB600A91FB48" box="[378,463,1244,1271]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6−9 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A493141FB600932FB48" box="[534,620,1244,1271]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5−7 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diam. (including inflorescence branches); upper male part conical,
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||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4936D7FB600BF4FAA4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5−6 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4933A3FABC0A2BFAA4" box="[244,373,1280,1307]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5−4.5 cm</quantity>
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||
in diam. at base (including inflorescence branches); surface of inflorescence axis among male branches conspicuously mammillate (somewhat ruminate in cross section), yellow when fresh. Bracts angular-clavate, vinaceous when fresh, regularly intermixed and emerging above male and female inflorescence branches, when these are not completely expanded (before anthesis); falling off before anthesis, leaving circular scars among inflorescence branches. Bracts intermixed among female branches
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||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4931B5FA2C081CFA14" box="[738,834,1424,1451]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6−8 mm</quantity>
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||
long (when female branches are
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4937E9FA2C0E40FA14" box="[1214,1310,1424,1451]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4−5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long); basal stalk truncate-obconical, 4−5(−6)-angular,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49313CFA0809BEFA70" box="[619,736,1460,1487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5−5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49307FFA0808EFFA70" box="[808,945,1460,1487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3−1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at base and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49372BFA080FAFFA70" box="[1148,1265,1460,1487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2−2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide just below the head; head irregularly hemi-ellipsoid to shallowly conical (without central protrusion),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49372BFA640FB1FA4C" box="[1148,1263,1496,1523]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5−4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49366EFA640EF2FA4C" box="[1337,1452,1496,1523]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5−3 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick. Bracts intermixed among male branches
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4931F5FA40085DF9A8" box="[674,771,1532,1559]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6−8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (when male branches are
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49373CFA400FBEF9A8" box="[1131,1248,1532,1559]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5−4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long); basal stalk truncate-obconical, 4−5(−6)-angular,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A493179F99C09FDF984" box="[558,675,1568,1595]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5−4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4931BDF99C082AF984" box="[746,884,1568,1595]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5−1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at base and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A493769F99C0F96F984" box="[1086,1224,1568,1595]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5−3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide just below the head; head mammiform,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4932F4F9F80949F9E0" box="[419,535,1604,1631]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5−6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A493134F9F80989F9E0" box="[611,727,1604,1631]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5−4 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, the central protrusion with a tiny depression in the center. Female branches white to cream-white when fresh,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49319AF9D4081FF93C" box="[717,833,1640,1667]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5−8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long during anthesis (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49376BF9D40FF4F93C" box="[1084,1194,1640,1667]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9−12 mm</quantity>
|
||
long at fruiting stage), with 60−90 flowers densely arranged on the narrow, terete central branch; apical part peltately enlarged; pelta
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49363CF9300BEAF974" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="7.0">7−8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam. during anthesis (
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A493281F90C091AF974" box="[470,580,1712,1739]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9−12 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam. during fruiting stage), irregularly crenate-dentate, fleshy when fresh. Female flowers without perianth; ovary obconical- to parallelepipedal-prismatic (due to mutual pressure),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A493602F9680BEAF8AC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.8">1.8−2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4933A9F9440AD7F8AC" box="[254,393,1784,1811]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2−1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at truncate top; styles 2, appearing from a shallow pit at the truncate apical part of the ovary,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A493380F8A00A3DF888" box="[215,355,1820,1847]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.6−0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, stigma capitellate,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4931DDF8A009BDF888" box="[650,739,1820,1847]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam. at tip (microscopically mammillate). Male branches white to cream-white when fresh,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A493147F8FC09D8F8E4" box="[528,646,1856,1883]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5−4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long when young (with anthers not fully developed, and when female branches are in anthesis),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4932FEF8D80956F8C0" box="[425,520,1892,1919]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5−6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long during anthesis (withering at fruiting stage), with 10−12 decussately arranged flowers, inserted on the terete central branch; apical part peltately enlarged; pelta
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A49374BF8340FCEF81C" box="[1052,1168,1928,1955]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5−4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam. during anthesis, irregularly crenate-dentate, fleshy when fresh. Male flowers with 2 stamens; filaments
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4937D7F8100E52F878" box="[1152,1292,1964,1991]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1−0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, anthers basifixed, ellipsoid, 1.5−1.6 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A4932BFF86C093EF854" box="[488,608,2000,2027]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="1.0">1−1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, thecae equal in length. Fruit 1-seeded, parallelepipedal-prismatic (due to mutual pressure),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A493206F8480A84F7B0" box="[337,474,2036,2063]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.4">2.4−2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB7686A493176F84809F7F7B0" box="[545,681,2036,2063]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2−1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at truncate top.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6F59D7B76B6A4A33DFF8810E3CF794" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5143965" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5143965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5143965/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="265" startId="2.[136,228,1853,1875]" targetBox="[257,1344,175,1836]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF095FB76B6A4A33DFF8810E3CF794" blockId="2.[136,1452,1853,2091]" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76B6A4A33DFF8810BA3F8ED" bold="true" box="[136,253,1853,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1072DCB76B6A4A3252F8810957F8EC" authorityName="Delprete" authorityYear="2014" box="[261,521,1853,1875]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Ombrophytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="2" pageNumber="265" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guayanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76B6A4A3252F8810957F8EC" box="[261,521,1853,1875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">Ombrophytum guayanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76B6A4A3141F8810973F8ED" bold="true" box="[534,557,1853,1874]" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">A,</emphasis>
|
||
habit of a young individual, with stalk and basal tuber;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76B6A4A3718F8810F3BF8ED" bold="true" box="[1103,1125,1853,1874]" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">B,</emphasis>
|
||
longitudinal section of the young individual, showing the basal stalk, the intermediate female part with female branches intermixed among bracts, and the upper male part with male branches intermixed among bracts;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76B6A4A315FF8390941F824" bold="true" box="[520,543,1925,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">C,</emphasis>
|
||
individual in advanced stage, with female branches with mature fruits (not visible, present below the pelta);
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76B6A4A33BDF8150A5CF801" bold="true" box="[234,258,1961,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">D,</emphasis>
|
||
portion of the male part of the young individual, with two bracts and two immature male branches;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76B6A4A37CAF8150FEDF801" bold="true" box="[1181,1203,1961,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">E,</emphasis>
|
||
male branches in anthesis, with dehisced anthers;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76B6A4A3234F8710A2BF85D" bold="true" box="[355,373,1997,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">F,</emphasis>
|
||
portion of the female part of the young individual, with two bracts and two female branches in anthesis (stigmas receptive);
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76B6A4A33A4F84D0A55F7B8" bold="true" box="[243,267,2033,2055]" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">G,</emphasis>
|
||
Female branch with mature fruits;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76B6A4A310BF84D092BF7B9" bold="true" box="[604,629,2033,2054]" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">H,</emphasis>
|
||
female flower in anthesis, with detail of the receptive stigma;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76B6A4A379EF84D0F85F7B9" bold="true" box="[1225,1243,2033,2054]" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">J,</emphasis>
|
||
mature fruit. (D−E at same scale, F−G drawn at same scale, H−J drawn at same scale). Drawn by P.G. Delprete from type specimens preserved in alcohol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6F59D7B76A6A4B33DFF8C009D1F79D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5143967" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5143967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5143967/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="266" startId="3.[136,229,1916,1938]" targetBox="[164,1423,171,1903]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF095FB76A6A4B33DFF8C009D1F79D" blockId="3.[136,1452,1916,2082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76A6A4B33DFF8C00BA1F82E" bold="true" box="[136,255,1916,1938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1072DCB76A6A4B3251F8C00950F82D" authorityName="Delprete" authorityYear="2014" box="[262,526,1916,1938]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Ombrophytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="3" pageNumber="266" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guayanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76A6A4B3251F8C00950F82D" box="[262,526,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">Ombrophytum guayanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76A6A4B314CF8C0096CF82E" bold="true" box="[539,562,1916,1937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">A,</emphasis>
|
||
habit of a young individual, with cross sections of female and male portions;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76A6A4B3679F8C10E1AF82D" bold="true" box="[1326,1348,1917,1938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Side view of a cross section of a male portion, with two female branches at base (see too bigger pelta al base);
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76A6A4B370FF81C0F31F809" bold="true" box="[1112,1135,1952,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">C,</emphasis>
|
||
detail of the cross section of the female portion of the young individual, with female flowers in anthesis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76A6A4B3019F879083BF865" bold="true" box="[846,869,1989,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">D,</emphasis>
|
||
detail of the cross section of the male portion of the young individual, with undevelopped male branches and very young anthers;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76A6A4B307AF855081DF841" bold="true" box="[813,835,2025,2046]" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">E,</emphasis>
|
||
individual in advanced stage, with female branches with mature fruits (present below the pelta). Photos by G. Leotard.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30A5AD4B76D6A4C33EAFF220A7AFF63" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF095FB76D6A4C33EAFF220A7AFF63" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76D6A4C33EAFF220A16FF07" bold="true" box="[189,328,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
—The specific epithet refers to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30749CFB76D6A4C3183FF220875FF07" box="[724,811,158,184]" name="Guyana" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Shield, because this the first species of this genus found in this region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30A5AD4B76D6A4C33EAFF5A09C8F957" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF095FB76D6A4C33EAFF5A0BA3FE67" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76D6A4C33EAFF5A093BFEBF" bold="true" box="[189,613,230,256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Distribution, Habitat and Ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
—The only material known of this species is from a locality near Cacao Mountain, not far from the source of the Camopi River,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30749CFB76D6A4C3072FEB6088FFE9B" box="[805,977,266,292]" name="French Guiana" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, growing in the undercanopy of a forest
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C33DFFE920BB0FEF6" box="[136,238,302,329]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15−20 m</quantity>
|
||
tall, on lateritic soil, at the base of an inselberg. The specimens were collected from a population of about 15 individuals in an area of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C3140FEEE093AFED0" box="[535,612,338,367]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3−4 m</quantity>
|
||
². Most of the individuals were at the end of fructification, some of them already in advanced stage of decomposition, and only one young individual at the blooming stage. The plants were originally discovered by L. Proux and V. Pelletier on
|
||
<date id="FFAE2F9FB76D6A4C3188FE26083BFE0B" box="[735,869,410,436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" value="2012-07-08">8 July 2012</date>
|
||
, and were preserved in alcohol by G. Leotard on
|
||
<date id="FFAE2F9FB76D6A4C36D8FE260BA4FE67" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" value="2012-07-13">13 July 2012</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF095FB76D6A4C33EAFE5E0BEEFD0F" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76D6A4C33EAFE5E0A1DFE43" bold="true" box="[189,323,482,508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Phenology:</emphasis>
|
||
—Individuals in flowering and fruiting stage were collected from the same population, in
|
||
<date id="FFAE2F9FB76D6A4C3661FE5E0EF6FE43" box="[1334,1448,482,508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" value="2012-07">July 2012</date>
|
||
. As for blooming strategy, it was observed that the female flowers bloom before the male flowers of the same individual (protogynous). In the young individual studied, the female flowers were in anthesis, with receptive stigmas, while the male flowers were with the anthers still closed. In the older individuals, instead, while the male branches were with opened anthers and releasing pollen, the female branches were already bearing mature fruits, with the styles fallen off.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF095FB76D6A4C33EAFD06084DFCDB" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76D6A4C33EAFD060973FD6B" bold="true" box="[189,557,698,724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Suggested conservation status:</emphasis>
|
||
—This species is known only from a single population of about 15 individuals in an area of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C323FFD620AEAFD44" box="[360,436,734,763]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3−4 m</quantity>
|
||
². As explained above, members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1072DCB76D6A4C3024FD620F6AFD47" box="[883,1076,734,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Balanophoraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rarely collected; therefore, it is difficult to establish their true geographic distribution. However, taking into consideration the small population observed (Criterion B2) and the small area of occupancy (Criterion D), this species should be treated as “Critically Endangered” (CR) following IUCN criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8174AEB76D6A4C312AFCF60859FCDB" author="IUCN & Species Survival Commission, IUCN & Cambridge, U. K." box="[637,775,842,868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" refId="ref3783" refString="IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U. K., ii + 30 pp." type="book" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF095FB76D6A4C33EAFCD209FFFC4A" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76D6A4C33EAFCD20AB1FC37" bold="true" box="[189,495,878,904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Taxonomic relationships:</emphasis>
|
||
—The classical reference for identification of Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1072DCB76D6A4C37C8FCD20E3EFC37" box="[1183,1376,878,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Balanophoraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the monograph published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8174AEB76D6A4C32F8FC2F0905FC13" author="Hansen, B." box="[431,603,914,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" refId="ref3616" refString="Hansen, B. (1980) Balanophoraceae. Flora Neotropica Monographs, Volume 23. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, 80 pp." type="book" year="1980">Hansen (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. According to this treatment,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1072DCB76D6A4C30E1FC2E0FB5FC13" authorityName="Delprete" authorityYear="2014" box="[950,1259,914,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Ombrophytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guayanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76D6A4C30E1FC2E0FB5FC13" box="[950,1259,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Ombrophytum guayanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique in the genus because of the shape of the bracts that are regularly intermixed among the male and female branches, and by the subsessile anthers (filaments
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C3298FC660906FC4A" box="[463,600,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1−0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF095FB76D6A4C33EAFC4208E4FA77" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">
|
||
As in all other species of the genus, the inflorescence bracts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1072DCB76D6A4C302FFC420FF7FBA7" authorityName="Delprete" authorityYear="2014" box="[888,1193,1022,1048]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Ombrophytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guayanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76D6A4C302FFC420FF7FBA7" box="[888,1193,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Ombrophytum guayanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are difficult to observe because they are readily caducous, as they fall off just after anthesis (leaving a circular scar among inflorescence branches; i.e., they are absent at fruiting stage); therefore, they are present only in young individuals. Only one young individual of this species was available, and it was possible to observe that in both male and female portions of the inflorescence, the bracts are angular-clavate, while in all other species of the genus they are peltate. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1072DCB76D6A4C37AFFB330EFAFB17" authorityName="Delprete" authorityYear="2014" box="[1272,1444,1167,1193]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Ombrophytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guayanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76D6A4C37AFFB330EFAFB17" box="[1272,1444,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">O. guayanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the bracts have a 4−5(−6)-angular, tronco-obconical basal stalk, and a fleshy, expanded head; additionally, their shape varies depending on their position in the male or female portion of the inflorescence. The bracts intermixed among female branches are
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C323DFB460A99FAAA" box="[362,455,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6−8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (when female branches are
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C3067FB4608D3FAAA" box="[816,909,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4−5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), with a basal stock
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C37F6FB460E4DFAAA" box="[1185,1299,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5−5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C3601FB460BEAFA86" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3−1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at base and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C32D0FAA20AA3FA86" box="[391,509,1310,1337]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2−2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide just below the head, with and fleshy, irregularly hemi-ellipsoid to shallowly obconical head,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C3217FAFE0AEAFAE2" box="[320,436,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5−4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C317FFAFE09C5FAE2" box="[552,667,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B15DAB76D6A4C31BEFAFE083FFAE3" box="[745,865,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,228,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[257,1344,175,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-29@2.[232,1355,171,1840]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ombrophytum guayanensis. A, habit of a young individual, with stalk and basal tuber; B, longitudinal section of the young individual, showing the basal stalk, the intermediate female part with female branches intermixed among bracts, and the upper male part with male branches intermixed among bracts; C, individual in advanced stage, with female branches with mature fruits (not visible, present below the pelta); D, portion of the male part of the young individual, with two bracts and two immature male branches; E, male branches in anthesis, with dehisced anthers; F, portion of the female part of the young individual, with two bracts and two female branches in anthesis (stigmas receptive); G, Female branch with mature fruits; H, female flower in anthesis, with detail of the receptive stigma; J, mature fruit. (D−E at same scale, F−G drawn at same scale, H−J drawn at same scale). Drawn by P.G. Delprete from type specimens preserved in alcohol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5143965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5143965/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Figs. 1B, 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F−G, 2C); meanwhile, the bracts intermixed among male branches are
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C3200FADA0AEBFA3E" box="[343,437,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6−8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (when male branches are
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C3058FADA08DCFA3E" box="[783,898,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5−4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), with a basal stock
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C37CAFADA0E4EFA3E" box="[1181,1296,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5−4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C3601FADA0BEAFA1A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5−1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at base and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C3222FA360AA2FA1A" box="[373,508,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5−3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide just below the head, and a fleshy, irregularly mammiform head,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C37AAFA360E2EFA1A" box="[1277,1392,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5−6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C33E0FA120A75FA76" box="[183,299,1454,1481]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5−4 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, with a central protrusion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B15DAB76D6A4C31CDFA12084FFA77" box="[666,785,1454,1480]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,228,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[257,1344,175,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-29@2.[232,1355,171,1840]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ombrophytum guayanensis. A, habit of a young individual, with stalk and basal tuber; B, longitudinal section of the young individual, showing the basal stalk, the intermediate female part with female branches intermixed among bracts, and the upper male part with male branches intermixed among bracts; C, individual in advanced stage, with female branches with mature fruits (not visible, present below the pelta); D, portion of the male part of the young individual, with two bracts and two immature male branches; E, male branches in anthesis, with dehisced anthers; F, portion of the female part of the young individual, with two bracts and two female branches in anthesis (stigmas receptive); G, Female branch with mature fruits; H, female flower in anthesis, with detail of the receptive stigma; J, mature fruit. (D−E at same scale, F−G drawn at same scale, H−J drawn at same scale). Drawn by P.G. Delprete from type specimens preserved in alcohol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5143965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5143965/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Figs. 1B, 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D−E, 2B, 2D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF095FB76D6A4C33EAFA6E09C8F957" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1768]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">
|
||
According to the species descriptions available in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8174AEB76D6A4C3053FA6E08E1FA53" author="Hansen, B." box="[772,959,1490,1516]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" refId="ref3616" refString="Hansen, B. (1980) Balanophoraceae. Flora Neotropica Monographs, Volume 23. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, 80 pp." type="book" year="1980">Hansen’s (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
monograph,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1072DCB76D6A4C370DFA6E0ED0FA53" authorityName="Delprete" authorityYear="2014" box="[1114,1422,1490,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Ombrophytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guayanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76D6A4C370DFA6E0ED0FA53" box="[1114,1422,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Ombrophytum guayanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1072DCB76D6A4C326FFA4B09F6F9AE" authority="Hansen (1980: 58)" authorityName="Hansen" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1980" box="[312,680,1526,1553]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Ombrophytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76D6A4C326FFA4B0A93F9AF" box="[312,461,1526,1553]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">O. violaceum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8174AEB76D6A4C3282FA4B09F6F9AE" author="Hansen, B." box="[469,680,1526,1553]" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" refId="ref3616" refString="Hansen, B. (1980) Balanophoraceae. Flora Neotropica Monographs, Volume 23. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, 80 pp." type="book" year="1980">Hansen (1980: 58)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as they both have monoecious inflorescences up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C37A1FA4A0E65F9AE" box="[1270,1339,1526,1553]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, and male flowers decussately arranged on male branches; the previous differing from the latter principally by the angularclavate bracts (vs. peltate in all other species of the genus), male inflorescence branches with 10−12 flowers (vs. 4−8 flowers per branch in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1072DCB76D6A4C32D6F9DF0949F9C3" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1980" box="[385,535,1634,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Ombrophytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76D6A4C32D6F9DF0949F9C3" box="[385,535,1634,1661]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">O. violaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), anthers
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C31DFF9DE084FF9C2" box="[648,785,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5−1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C30D4F9DE0F58F9C2" box="[899,1030,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="1.125" valueMax="1.25" valueMin="1.0">1−1.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), female inflorescence branches
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C33DFF93A0BA5F91E" box="[136,251,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.5">6.5−8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C323EF93A0A99F91E" box="[361,455,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4−6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), ovary and fruit
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C3197F93A086DF91E" box="[704,819,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2−2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C30F7F93A0F77F91E" box="[928,1065,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2−1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), and styles
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C37BBF93A0E2AF91E" box="[1260,1396,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.6−0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE8A4BAB76D6A4C33EFF9160A53F97A" box="[184,269,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long). A comparison of the main morphological differences of the five species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1072DCB76D6A4C37CCF9160E62F97B" authorityName="Poeppig ex Endlicher" authorityYear="1836" box="[1179,1340,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balanophoraceae" genus="Ombrophytum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="4" pageNumber="267" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D54DB76D6A4C37CCF9160E62F97B" box="[1179,1340,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Ombrophytum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and their geographic distribution, is available in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6923CE4B76D6A4C316AF97209CEF957" box="[573,656,1742,1768]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,224,159,183]" captionText="TABLE 1. Table comparing morphological features and geographic distribution of the species of Ombrophytum (from Hansen 1980, and Delprete, this publication)." pageId="4" pageNumber="267">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |