267 lines
37 KiB
XML
267 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" ID-PMC="PMC4233396" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-449-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" ID-PubMed="25408612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578570" ID-ZooBank="75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-449-1" checkinTime="1451245204622" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gondim, Anne Isabelley, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey & Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia" docDate="2014" docId="7CF32D10A0C91B42032E53439FED9337" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 449: 1-56" docOrigin="ZooKeys 449" docPubDate="2014-10-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" docTitle="Coscinasterias tenuispina" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1668159529239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">anneisabelley@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, CCBS, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratorio de Biologia Marinha, Campus I, Rua Baraunas, 351, Bairro Universitario, CEP 58429 - 500, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-10-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>449</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-449-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578570</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056042" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7CF32D10A0C91B42032E53439FED9337" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7CF32D10A0C91B42032E53439FED9337" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName LSID="7CF32D10-A0C9-1B42-032E-53439FED9337" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">Coscinasterias tenuispina (Lamarck, 1816)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Some species of the order Velatida (A-H) and Forcipulatida (I-M) recorded in northeastern Brazil. Calyptraster coa (A-H) A Abactinal view, in detail the supradorsal membrane B Actinal view C Detail of the paxillae with long peduncles D Actinal view of the arm E Detail of the mouth F Detail of the actinal intermediate area G Abactinal view, in detail oscular valves H Actinal view; Coscinasterias tenuispina (I-M) I Abactinal view J Actinal view L Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the bivalve pedicallariae (optical microscopic image), and M Lateral view of the arms, in detail the bivalve pedicellariae (optical microscopic image)." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 9i-m</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asterias tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">Asterias</pageBreakToken>
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tenuispina
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</taxonomicName>
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Lamarck, 1816: 561-562.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asteracanthion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteracanthion tenuispinus" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispinus">Asteracanthion tenuispinus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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& Troschel, 1842: 16.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asterias atlantica" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atlantica">Asterias atlantica</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1868: 368.
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<bibRefCitation author="Rathbun, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="139 - 151" refId="B122" refString="Rathbun, R, 1879. A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science 5: 139 - 151" title="A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc." volume="5" year="1879">Rathbun 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 145.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asterias (Stolasterias) tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina" subGenus="Stolasterias">Asterias (Stolasterias) tenuispina</taxonomicName>
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Sladen, 1889: 565, 583.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Polyasterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyasterias tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">Polyasterias tenuispina</taxonomicName>
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Perrier, 1894: 108.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1894" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Lytaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lytaster inaequalis" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inaequalis">Lytaster inaequalis</taxonomicName>
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Perrier, 1894: 98-99.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">Coscinasterias tenuispina</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1914: 45.
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B20" refString="Brito, IM, 1960. Asteroides dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 13" title="Asteroides dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo." year="1960">Brito 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 4; 1962: 2.
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<bibRefCitation author="Netto, LF" journalOrPublisher="University of Sao Paulo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="B105" refString="Netto, LF, 2006. Echinodermata do Canal de Sao Sebastiao, Sao Sebastiao (SP). University of Sao Paulo" title="Echinodermata do Canal de Sao Sebastiao, Sao Sebastiao (SP)" year="2006">Netto 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 34, fig. 16c, pl. 5b.
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<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 228.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias tenuispina subsp. var. var. atlantica" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="tenuispina" subSpecies="var." variety="atlantica">Coscinasterias tenuispina var. atlantica</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1915: 20-21.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="155 - 165" refId="B133" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1966. Sobre alguns Equinodermas da regiao do Golfo do Mexico e do Mar das Antilhas. Anales del Instituto de Biologia 1/2: 155 - 165" title="Sobre alguns Equinodermas da regiao do Golfo do Mexico e do Mar das Antilhas." volume="1 / 2" year="1966">Tommasi 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 24-244.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Stolasterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stolasterias tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">Stolasterias tenuispina</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1907: 324.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias (Stolasterias) tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina" subGenus="Stolasterias">Coscinasterias (Stolasterias) tenuispina</taxonomicName>
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Fisher, 1926: 197.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rio de Janeiro: Cabo Frio, Formoso Beach, 1 spec., MZUSP (without registration number), VII.1956; Cabo Frio, Arraial do Cabo, Brava Beach, 1spec., MZUSP (without registration number), 29.I.2001.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘I’">'I'</normalizedToken>
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ocean
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<normalizedToken originalValue="eropéen’">eropeen'</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Disk small, with 1-3 madreporites (in some cases up to 5 were observed). Six to nine (rarely 5 and unusually 7) thin, elongate (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Some species of the order Velatida (A-H) and Forcipulatida (I-M) recorded in northeastern Brazil. Calyptraster coa (A-H) A Abactinal view, in detail the supradorsal membrane B Actinal view C Detail of the paxillae with long peduncles D Actinal view of the arm E Detail of the mouth F Detail of the actinal intermediate area G Abactinal view, in detail oscular valves H Actinal view; Coscinasterias tenuispina (I-M) I Abactinal view J Actinal view L Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the bivalve pedicallariae (optical microscopic image), and M Lateral view of the arms, in detail the bivalve pedicellariae (optical microscopic image)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">9i, j</figureCitation>
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), cylindrical arms, usually of different sizes, the larger ones grouped to one side and the smaller ones to the opposing side. Abactinal figs with one long, conical and pointed spine (~2.17 mm), with base densely surrounded by bivalve pedicallariae with overlapping valves (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Some species of the order Velatida (A-H) and Forcipulatida (I-M) recorded in northeastern Brazil. Calyptraster coa (A-H) A Abactinal view, in detail the supradorsal membrane B Actinal view C Detail of the paxillae with long peduncles D Actinal view of the arm E Detail of the mouth F Detail of the actinal intermediate area G Abactinal view, in detail oscular valves H Actinal view; Coscinasterias tenuispina (I-M) I Abactinal view J Actinal view L Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the bivalve pedicallariae (optical microscopic image), and M Lateral view of the arms, in detail the bivalve pedicellariae (optical microscopic image)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">9l</figureCitation>
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). Carinal figs arranged in a regular series. Dorso-lateral figs forming a reticulum. Papular regions occuring on the abactinal and actinal surfaces. Among the abactinal figs, mainly in the intermediate areas, large bivalve pedicellariae are found. Pedicellariae of dorsal spines sessil and with overlapping bivalves, with denteate margins. Oral pedicallariae bivalve (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Some species of the order Velatida (A-H) and Forcipulatida (I-M) recorded in northeastern Brazil. Calyptraster coa (A-H) A Abactinal view, in detail the supradorsal membrane B Actinal view C Detail of the paxillae with long peduncles D Actinal view of the arm E Detail of the mouth F Detail of the actinal intermediate area G Abactinal view, in detail oscular valves H Actinal view; Coscinasterias tenuispina (I-M) I Abactinal view J Actinal view L Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the bivalve pedicallariae (optical microscopic image), and M Lateral view of the arms, in detail the bivalve pedicellariae (optical microscopic image)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">9m</figureCitation>
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), consisting of a basal piece into which two valves with smooth margins fit in.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Colour</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Specimens from Brazil vary from brown to orange colour (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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, specimens from the Mediterranean are usually yellow or whitish-yellow with black or brown spots on abactinal surface and crowns of rusty-red pedicellariae. Individuals from the Bermudas, on the other hand, with dorsal surface purple and the oral surface yellow, blue or violet (
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B151" refString="Verrill, AE, 1915. Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa 7: 1 - 232" title="Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893." volume="7" year="1915">Verrill 1915</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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North Carolina, Gulf of Mexico, Antilles, Bermudas, Cuba, Brazil, Portugal, Spain, France and Montenegro (
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Downey, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithson Contribution to Zoology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 168" publicationUrl="10.5479/si.00810282.126" refId="B39" refString="Downey, ME, 1973. Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithson Contribution to Zoology 126: 1 - 168, DOI: 10.5479/si.00810282.126" title="Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico." url="10.5479/si.00810282.126" volume="126" year="1973">Downey 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alves, LS" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="95 - 101" publicationUrl="10.1007/s002270100663" refId="B6" refString="Alves, LS, Pereira, AD, Ventura, CRR, 2002. Sexual and asexual reproduction of Coscinasterias tenuispina (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Marine Biology 140: 95 - 101, DOI: 10.1007/s002270100663" title="Sexual and asexual reproduction of Coscinasterias tenuispina (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." url="10.1007/s002270100663" volume="140" year="2002">Alves et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Waters, JM" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="185 - 191" refId="B155" refString="Waters, JM, Roy, MS, 2003. Global phylogeography of the fissiparous sea-star genus Coscinasterias. Marine Biology 142: 185 - 191" title="Global phylogeography of the fissiparous sea-star genus Coscinasterias." volume="142" year="2003">Waters and Roy 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kascelan, S" journalOrPublisher="Rapports de la Commission Internationale de la Mer Mediterranee Rapp Comm Int Mer Medit" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B63" refString="Kascelan, S, Mandic, S, 2007. Diversity and distribution of Asteroidea (Echinodermata) within the Bay of Boka Kotorska (Adriartic Sea, Montenegro). Rapports de la Commission Internationale de la Mer Mediterranee Rapp Comm Int Mer Medit 38, 515 pp." title="Diversity and distribution of Asteroidea (Echinodermata) within the Bay of Boka Kotorska (Adriartic Sea, Montenegro)." volume="38" year="2007">Kascelan and Mandic 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Brazil: BA, ES, and SP, including Abrolhos (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rathbun, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="139 - 151" refId="B122" refString="Rathbun, R, 1879. A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science 5: 139 - 151" title="A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc." volume="5" year="1879">Rathbun 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B151" refString="Verrill, AE, 1915. Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa 7: 1 - 232" title="Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893." volume="7" year="1915">Verrill 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B20" refString="Brito, IM, 1960. Asteroides dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 13" title="Asteroides dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo." year="1960">Brito 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Intertidal to 165 m in depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Two species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Coscinasterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Verrill, 1870 are known for the Atlantic,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias calamaria" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calamaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Coscinasterias calamaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gray, 1840). The first is widely distributed through the Atlantic and Mediterranean, while the second is restricted to South Africa, Angola, and Madagascar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mah, CL" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" publicationUrl="http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea" refId="B86" refString="Mah, CL, 2013. World Asteroidea database., http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea [acessed 5 November 2013]" title="World Asteroidea database" url="http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea" year="2013">Mah 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias calamaria" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calamaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Coscinasterias calamaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for having intercrossing pedicellariae with a well developped terminal tooth (except in some specimens from Brazil).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested a subspecific distinction for these species on the basis of morphological similarities observed in Brazilian and South African specimens. However, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Waters, JM" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="185 - 191" refId="B155" refString="Waters, JM, Roy, MS, 2003. Global phylogeography of the fissiparous sea-star genus Coscinasterias. Marine Biology 142: 185 - 191" title="Global phylogeography of the fissiparous sea-star genus Coscinasterias." volume="142" year="2003">Waters and Roy (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
these observations were made on the basis of juvenile specimens and it is thus necessary to undertake new morphological analyses to clarify the close relationships between
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias calamaria" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calamaria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Coscinasterias calamaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Waters, JM" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="185 - 191" refId="B155" refString="Waters, JM, Roy, MS, 2003. Global phylogeography of the fissiparous sea-star genus Coscinasterias. Marine Biology 142: 185 - 191" title="Global phylogeography of the fissiparous sea-star genus Coscinasterias." volume="142" year="2003">Waters and Roy 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the phylogeographic analysis of Waters and Roy (op. cit.) for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Coscinasterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, morphological variations were observed between populations from Brazil on the one side and from the Bermudas and the Mediterranean on the other. No morphological variations are observed in the specimens examined by us.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="ecological notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Lives in consolidated substrates, including areas with strong hydrodynamism (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has extra-oral digestion and feeds on epifaunal organisms, mainly mussels (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is a fissiparous species, which presents an annual gonadal cycle and a long period of spawning (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alves, LS" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="95 - 101" publicationUrl="10.1007/s002270100663" refId="B6" refString="Alves, LS, Pereira, AD, Ventura, CRR, 2002. Sexual and asexual reproduction of Coscinasterias tenuispina (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Marine Biology 140: 95 - 101, DOI: 10.1007/s002270100663" title="Sexual and asexual reproduction of Coscinasterias tenuispina (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." url="10.1007/s002270100663" volume="140" year="2002">Alves et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to these authors, the preponderance of males in the population of Itaipu Beach (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Niterói">Niteroi</normalizedToken>
|
||
/Rio de Janeiro) suggests that assexual reproduction by fission is predominant and, consequently, that the number of clones must be significant. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">Brito (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this species is very common in Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro). However, since the first record by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rathbun, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="139 - 151" refId="B122" refString="Rathbun, R, 1879. A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science 5: 139 - 151" title="A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc." volume="5" year="1879">Rathbun (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for Abrolhos (Bahia), the species has not been cited again off the northeast region of Brazil. As pointed out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although this species has a wide geographical distribution, its range is discontinuous, probably due to its assexual reproduction, that limits dispersal ability. Presently the species is listed among those vulnerable to extinction, having among the main causes of population decline the constant destruction of its habitat, the erosion of the substrate, the effects of pollutants, the precarious sanitation and the excess of tourists and divers within their range of occurrence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |