264 lines
28 KiB
XML
264 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="459E6AD00274D035DEB7F2012B36821F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8770e7d9-65f4-4cee-a935-a5f365a95f32" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="258895" ID-ZooBank="00F1BDB5-AB25-47A0-B789-2E05D2E683DE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460009663303" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beaver, Roger A., Ghahari, Hassan & Sanguansub, Sunisa" docDate="2016" docId="6B5C9A7C4742FFC4C797E403FB5CFA13" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4098.3.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4098 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scolytus multistriatus Marsham 1802" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="420" masterDocId="9765E2044751FFD7C700E71CFFD5FFD3" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran" masterLastPageNumber="441" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="420" updateTime="1698233404894" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="356477738821C34331CB387251C0DC18" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="024CFB75F87C58377FFCD919532BD4BF">
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<mods:title id="A95E5D759EB22534A436F34BE8616A85">An annotated checklist of Platypodinae and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Iran</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D39831B2A00C26E8A66E90785B09706F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2DD2B79A61AF3D2FF71E56DF04CADD90">
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<mods:namePart id="BF62B5B9C94B31247FFEAB7B15F08E4F">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="677FF91EE9C1A9F591B372280FB757B7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BCBBD06F78F3706831C8DBB2D427CC3B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="126E679394505B93B6556CB5AF147231">Ghahari, Hassan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0745A504BC0154BBAE34151818C208AC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BA7D26A22E2AE056A18A990F2479FF98">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F96EB3A361DEB47691010657C2E0D17B">Sanguansub, Sunisa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6EF626C019197B4BB02FBE29A01DF498">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="4B19C62C9D5192796BFB9032F2934B53">
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<mods:title id="7050373EEB85DEF1427B1CB83E69F92F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0C8F94F3F99AC38A91E5FC0D573D569F">
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<mods:date id="7F4F408EA54A0651D29177AFF28BD51C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8F89BD8BB6544FDC4EC2F71DA39C78C8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6F9F94FF3475E93FDD2788DB9790FC00">4098</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="F0D9944C99C8574E781E8B30F11E2600" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="435EAF4DA0FEBEA799FE5B478E7AA2D5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="439E6C5F04ECAC23A8F96E3971BD990F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4098.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6B5C9A7C4742FFC4C797E403FB5CFA13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5669492" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119381243" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5669492" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B5C9A7C4742FFC4C797E403FB5CFA13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B5C9A7C4742FFC4C797E403FB5CFA13" lastPageNumber="420" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14742FFC4C797E403FDB0FCEB" box="[151,613,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4742FFC4C797E403FDB0FCEB" blockId="19.[151,613,799,824]" box="[151,613,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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<heading id="B8029C064742FFC4C797E403FDB0FCEB" bold="true" box="[151,613,799,824]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C797E403FDB0FCEB" ID-CoL="8J6XH" authority="Marsham, 1802" authorityName="Marsham" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,613,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multistriatus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C797E403FDB0FCEB" bold="true" box="[151,613,799,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C797E403FE44FCEB" bold="true" box="[151,401,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Scolytus multistriatus</emphasis>
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(Marsham, 1802)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14742FFC4C797E47BFD25FBC3" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4742FFC4C797E47BFE52FC1B" blockId="19.[151,1437,871,1472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C797E47BFE47FC53" bold="true" box="[151,402,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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Distribution in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4742FFC4C656E47BFE58FC53" box="[342,397,871,896]" name="Iran" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4742FFC4C69DE474FE18FCAC" box="[413,461,872,895]" name="Iran" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Fars</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C6DFE47BFD48FC53" author="Borumand" box="[479,669,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Borumand, H. (1998) Insects of Iran: the list of coleoptera in the insect collection of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute: Coleoptera (XXIV), Curculionoidea, Fam. 162, 166 - 171 (Anthribidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Apionidae, Curculionidae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae. Plants Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, 110 pp." type="book chapter" year="1998">Borumand 1998</bibRefCitation>
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), Guilan (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C414E47BFC07FC53" author="Borumand" box="[788,978,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Borumand, H. (1998) Insects of Iran: the list of coleoptera in the insect collection of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute: Coleoptera (XXIV), Curculionoidea, Fam. 162, 166 - 171 (Anthribidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Apionidae, Curculionidae, Scolytidae, Platypodidae. Plants Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, 110 pp." type="book chapter" year="1998">Borumand 1998</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C4E0E47BFB61FC53" author="Samin" box="[992,1204,871,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Samin, N., Sakenin, H. & Rastegar, J. (2011) A study of the species composition of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) of north and northwestern Iran. Amurian Zoological Journal, 3, 265 - 267." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Samin
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C333E475FBBDFC53" box="[1075,1128,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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; Amini
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C215E475FA9EFC53" box="[1301,1355,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al</emphasis>
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. 2012;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C797E490FEBDFC77" author="Amini" box="[151,360,908,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Amini, S., Hosseini, R. & Sohani, M. M. (2013) A faunal study of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Guilan province in North of Iran. Entomofauna, 34, 169 - 176." type="journal article" year="2013">
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Amini
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C7E8E491FECEFC76" box="[232,283,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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), generally distributed (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C579E490FCB9FC77" author="Modarres" box="[633,876,908,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C497E490FB1DFC76" box="[919,1224,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytochelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multistriatus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C497E490FB1DFC76" box="[919,1224,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Scolytochelus multistriatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4742FFC4C3E2E491FADAFC77" box="[1250,1295,909,932]" name="Iran" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Iran</collectingCountry>
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(no locality cited) (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C7E5E4B3FEAEFC1B" author="Knizek" box="[229,379,943,968]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Knizek, M. (2011) Platypodinae and Scolytinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 7. Curculionoidea I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 201 - 251." type="book" year="2011">Knížek 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4742FFC4C7C7E4C8FD25FBC3" blockId="19.[151,1437,871,1472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C7C7E4C8FE11FC3E" bold="true" box="[199,452,980,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">General distribution.</emphasis>
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Throughout Europe and western
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4742FFC4C440E4C8FC58FC3E" box="[832,909,980,1005]" name="Russia" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Russia</collectingCountry>
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, North Africa,
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4742FFC4C339E4C8FB5FFC3E" box="[1081,1162,980,1005]" name="Turkey" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4742FFC4C396E4C8FACDFC3E" box="[1174,1304,980,1005]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
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. Introduced into the Australian, Nearctic and Neotropical regions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14742FFC4C7C7E300FD34FAE3" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4742FFC4C7C7E300FD34FAE3" blockId="19.[151,1437,871,1472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C7C7E300FEF2FBE6" bold="true" box="[199,295,1052,1077]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Biology.</emphasis>
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This species breeds primarily in species of
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C423E300FC2EFBE6" box="[803,1019,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C423E300FCB9FBE6" box="[803,876,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Ulmus</emphasis>
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(Ulmaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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, but has been recorded from several other families including
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C6ADE323FDFEFB8B" box="[429,555,1087,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C536E35CFD74FB8B" box="[566,673,1088,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C5AEE35CFCCDFB84" box="[686,792,1088,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C450E323FB41FB8B" authority="Michalski 1973" authorityName="Michalski" authorityYear="1973" box="[848,1172,1087,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
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Salicaceae (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C4D6E323FB5EFB8B" author="Michalski" box="[982,1163,1087,1112]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Michalski, J. (1973) Revision of the palearctic species of the genus Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, 214 pp., 49 pls." type="book" year="1973">Michalski 1973</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Recorded in
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<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4742FFC4C231E35CFA8BFB84" box="[1329,1374,1088,1111]" name="Iran" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Iran</collectingCountry>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C797E378FF35FBAE" box="[151,224,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C797E378FF35FBAE" box="[151,224,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Ulmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C619E378FDDBFBAF" author="Modarres" box="[281,526,1124,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C51CE378FD3EFBAF" author="Samin" box="[540,747,1124,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Samin, N., Sakenin, H. & Rastegar, J. (2011) A study of the species composition of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) of north and northwestern Iran. Amurian Zoological Journal, 3, 265 - 267." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Samin
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C56DE379FD4AFBAE" box="[621,671,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C400E378FB55FBAF" authority="Amini et al. 2013" authorityName="Amini et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[768,1152,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Tingidae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C400E378FC43FBAF" box="[768,918,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Ulmus minor</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C4A6E378FBADFBAF" author="Amini" box="[934,1144,1124,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Amini, S., Hosseini, R. & Sohani, M. M. (2013) A faunal study of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Guilan province in North of Iran. Entomofauna, 34, 169 - 176." type="journal article" year="2013">
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Amini
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C4F9E379FBF9FBAE" box="[1017,1068,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, sometimes on
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C234E379FEAAFB73" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betulus">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C234E379FF3DFB73" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Carpinus betulus</emphasis>
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(Betulaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C689E395FD11FB73" box="[393,708,1159,1184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C689E395FD94FB73" box="[393,577,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Fagus orientalis</emphasis>
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(Fagaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C5CFE395FBF7FB73" box="[719,1058,1159,1184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">
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<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C5CFE395FC75FB73" box="[719,928,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Fraxinus excelsior</emphasis>
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(Oleaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C32CE39BFB5DFB73" box="[1068,1160,1159,1184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C32CE39BFB5DFB73" box="[1068,1160,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Populus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C3BDE39BFAECFB73" box="[1213,1337,1159,1184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C24BE395FE4DFB17" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domestica">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C24BE395FEDCFB16" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Prunus domestica</emphasis>
|
|
(Rosaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C6ABE3B1FD2FFB17" box="[427,762,1196,1220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Pyrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C6ABE3B1FDB8FB17" box="[427,621,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Pyrus communis</emphasis>
|
|
(Rosaceae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C411E3B0FBC6FB17" author="Modarres" box="[785,1043,1196,1221]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Modarres Awal, M. (1997) Platypodidae, Scolytidae. In: Modarres Awal, M. (Ed.), List of agricultural pests and their natural enemies in Iran. Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, pp. 185, 192 - 194." type="book chapter" year="1997">Modarres Awal 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The biology of the species is summarised by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C64EE3D3FDA7FB3B" author="Smith" box="[334,626,1231,1256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Smith, S. M. & Cognato, A. I. (2014) A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae). ZooKeys, 450, 1 - 182. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 450.7452" type="journal article" year="2014">Smith & Cognato (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C581E3D3FC71FB3B" author="Santini" box="[641,932,1231,1256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Santini, A. & Faccoli, M. (2015) Dutch elm disease and elm bark beetles: a century of association. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 8, 126 - 134. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3832 / ifor 1231 - 008" type="journal article" year="2015">Santini & Faccoli (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C4E6E3D3FB3FFB3B" author="Smith" box="[998,1258,1231,1256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Smith, S. M. & Hulcr, J. (2015) Scolytus and other economically important bark beetles. In: Vega, F. E. & Hofstetter, R. W. (Eds.), Bark Beetles. Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species. Academic Press, London, 495 - 531. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 417156 - 5.00012 - 5" type="book chapter" year="2015">Smith & Hulcr (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. The species is important as a vector of Dutch elm disease in both Europe and the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4742FFC4C491E3E8FC1CFADF" box="[913,969,1268,1292]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">USA</collectingCountry>
|
|
(e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C30BE3E8FACEFADF" author="Furniss" box="[1035,1307,1268,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Furniss, R. L. & Carolin V. M. (1977) Western forest insects. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Miscellaneous Publication, 1339, 1 - 654." type="journal article" year="1977">Furniss & Carolin 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C228E3E8FEC9FAE3" author="Webber" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Webber, J. F. & Gibbs, J. N. (1989) Insect dissemination of fungal pathogens of trees. In: Wilding, N., Collins, N. M., Hammond, P. M. & Webber, J. F. (Eds.), Insect-fungus Interactions. Academic Press, London, pp. 161 - 193." type="book chapter" year="1989">Webber & Gibbs 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C627E20BFE15FAE3" author="Webber" box="[295,448,1303,1328]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Webber, J. F. (1990) Relative effectiveness of Scolytus scolytus, S. multistriatus and S. kirschii as vectors of Dutch elm disease. European Journal of Forest Pathology, 20, 184 - 192. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0329.1990. tb 01129. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Webber 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C6CCE20BFD00FAE3" author="Santini" box="[460,725,1303,1328]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Santini, A. & Faccoli, M. (2015) Dutch elm disease and elm bark beetles: a century of association. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 8, 126 - 134. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3832 / ifor 1231 - 008" type="journal article" year="2015">Santini & Faccoli 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="ABEF78E14742FFC4C7C7E220FB5CFA13" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="E34A2B6A4742FFC4C7C7E220FB5CFA13" blockId="19.[151,1437,871,1472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C7C7E220FE9AFA86" bold="true" box="[199,335,1340,1365]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Comments.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C65CE220FCEAFA87" authority="Ratzeburg 1844" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1844" box="[348,831,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Rhaphitelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ladenbergi">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C65CE220FDB2FA86" box="[348,615,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Rhaphitelus ladenbergi</emphasis>
|
|
(Ratzeburg 1844)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C454E220FC26FA87" box="[852,1011,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C303E220FB4CFA86" box="[1027,1177,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) is a parasitoid of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C287E221FEF0FAAB" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytochelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multistriatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C287E221FEF0FAAB" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">S. multistriatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C653E27DFE6DFAAB" box="[339,440,1377,1400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C653E27DFE6DFAAB" box="[339,440,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Fraxinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4742FFC4C509E27DFDE3FAAB" box="[521,566,1377,1400]" name="Iran" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C546E243FC81FAAB" author="Abd-Rabou" box="[582,852,1375,1400]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Abd-Rabou, S., Ghahari, H., Huang, J. & Boucek, Z. (2005) New records of aphelinid and pteromalid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae, Pteromalidae) from Iran. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 83, 1619 - 1623." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
|
Abd-Rabou
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C5D4E27DFCDDFAAB" box="[724,776,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2005
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C469E27DFB3CFAAB" authority="Nees, 1834" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[873,1257,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Meteorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C469E27DFB9BFAAB" box="[873,1102,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Meteorus consimilis</emphasis>
|
|
(Nees, 1834)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C3FAE27CFA4CFAAB" box="[1274,1433,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C797E298FECEFA4E" box="[151,283,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), recorded from northern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9BE26BFA4742FFC4C538E299FDB0FA4F" box="[568,613,1413,1436]" name="Iran" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|
by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C58EE298FC78FA4F" author="Farahani" box="[654,941,1412,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Farahani, S. & Talebi, A. A. (2012) A review of the tribe Meteorini (Cresson, 1887) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Euphorinae) in northern Iran, with eight new records. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics, 8, 135 - 157." type="journal article" year="2012">Farahani & Talebi (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, is also a parasitoid of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24F550E94742FFC4C3AAE298FE18FA13" authority="(Marsham) (Yu et al. 2012)" authorityName="(Marsham) (Yu et al." authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multistriatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C3AAE298FA4EFA4E" box="[1194,1435,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Scolytus multistriatus</emphasis>
|
|
(Marsham) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8764569B4742FFC4C621E2B4FE13FA13" author="Yu" box="[289,454,1447,1472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" refString="Yu, D. S., Achterberg, C. van & Horstmann, K. (2012) World Ichneumonoidea 2005. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution [Braconidae]. Taxapad 2006 (Scientific names for information management) Interactive electronical catalogue on DVD / CD-ROM. Vancouver." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
Yu
|
|
<emphasis id="D181F7784742FFC4C64AE2B5FEAEFA13" box="[330,379,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. So we suggest the study of their host-parasitoid relationships.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |