352 lines
31 KiB
XML
352 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789321" ID-GBIF-Dataset="71c7082b-e951-4c10-85c8-93d31aff3550" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163749825" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789321" ID-ZooBank="3F8C1798-EC66-45A6-8E39-B2C3E3C38C95" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0D8E1628-A583-4E9C-8BCC-FE1E25F2DB9A" approvalRequired="30" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="30" checkinTime="1587978054738" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wharton, Robert, Cammack, Jonathan & Mullins, Patricia" docDate="2010" docId="4260A47EFFA5FFE1FF11FDDA9021F907" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2158.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 37 (37)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@60a6564c" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Pergaphaga iangauldi Cammack & Wharton 2010, sp.n." docType="treatment" docUuid="0D8E1628-A583-4E9C-8BCC-FE1E25F2DB9A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="BE59DC06FFBCFFFAFF9DFFAA9320FF80" masterDocTitle="A revision of the westwoodiine genus Pergaphaga (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="35" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1643559360823" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the westwoodiine genus Pergaphaga (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wharton, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Texas A & M University, College Station, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cammack, Jonathan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Texas A & M University, College Station ,,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mullins, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Texas A & M University, College Station ,,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-02-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>37</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>37</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>35</mods:start>
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<mods:end>68</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.37.313</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">71c7082b-e951-4c10-85c8-93d31aff3550</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576624</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3F8C1798-EC66-45A6-8E39-B2C3E3C38C95</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789321" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163749825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789321" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0D8E1628-A583-4E9C-8BCC-FE1E25F2DB9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4260A47EFFA5FFE1FF11FDDA9021F907" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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||
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="25.[140,987,624,721]" box="[140,748,624,651]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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||
<heading box="[140,748,624,651]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,748,624,651]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cammack & Wharton" authorityName="Cammack & Wharton" authorityYear="2010" box="[140,677,624,651]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iangauldi" status="sp.n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,401,624,651]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis box="[140,279,624,651]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" reason="1">Pergaphaga</emphasis>
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iangauldi
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</emphasis>
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Cammack & Wharton
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[690,748,624,650]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="25.[140,987,624,721]" box="[140,987,659,686]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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||
<uri box="[140,987,659,686]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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||
<uuid box="[422,987,659,686]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">0D8E1628-A583-4E9C-8BCC-FE1E25F2DB9A</uuid>
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||
</uri>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[140,617,695,721]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[140,987,624,721]" box="[140,617,695,721]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">Figs 3, 4, 6, 10, 14–16, 18, 23, 32, 38, 42</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[140,1108,765,1672]" box="[140,927,765,792]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,298,765,791]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis box="[140,198,765,791]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[306,409,765,791]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">Australia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[419,513,765,791]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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, Murrumbeena, -
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<geoCoordinate box="[711,809,765,792]" degrees="37.900" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-37.9">37.900S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[813,927,765,792]" degrees="145.067" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="145.067">145.067E</geoCoordinate>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="25.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,360,800,826]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis box="[185,243,800,826]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608861503" collectingDate="1948-02" collectionCode="MVMA, V" collectorName="A. N. Burns" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[370,585,800,826]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<typeStatus box="[370,486,800,826]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. Female
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</emphasis>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[603,701,800,826]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">MVMA</collectionCode>
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), with labels as follows: “Murrumbeena.
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<collectionCode box="[218,239,836,862]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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./
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<date box="[258,374,835,862]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" value="1948-02">
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<collectingDate box="[258,374,835,862]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" value="1948-02">Feb. 1948</collectingDate>
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</date>
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./ Bred ex
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1817" box="[484,550,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Pergidae" genus="Perga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Perga</taxonomicName>
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.” [handwritten] “Collection/
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<collectorName box="[879,1016,836,862]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">A. N. Burns</collectorName>
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” [print- ed] “ENT – 935” [printed] “MUS. VIC./ ENT-1089” [printed] “
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<typeStatus box="[888,1046,871,897]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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/
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<taxonomicName authorityName=": Gupta" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pergaphaga</taxonomicName>
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/ iangauldi/ Cammack & Wharton” [red, handwritten]
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="25.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608861496" collectingDate="1948-02" collectionCode="MVMA" collectorName="A. N. Burns" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,308,941,967]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis box="[185,303,941,967]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
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<typeStatus box="[185,303,941,967]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount box="[316,427,941,967]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[439,528,941,967]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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, same data as holotype, one of these with an additional Certonotus identification label (
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<collectionCode box="[569,667,976,1002]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">MVMA</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608861506" collectionCode="MVMA" collectorName="B. A. Hill & Ex. Coll. Nat. Mus. & Coll. Nat. Mus." location="New South Wales" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount box="[684,782,976,1002]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[792,993,976,1003]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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, Windsor, Bred by
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<collectorName box="[239,357,1011,1038]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">B. A. Hill</collectorName>
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, 29.XII.97,
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<collectorName box="[499,729,1011,1038]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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Ex.
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<collectorName box="[545,729,1011,1038]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">Coll. Nat. Mus.</collectorName>
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</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[746,844,1012,1038]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">MVMA</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608861512" collectingDate="2002-10-06" collectingDateMax="2002-10-23" collectingDateMin="2002-10-06" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="K. P. Bland" county="Canberra" latitude="-35.266666" location="Hawker" longLatPrecision="1194" longitude="149.03334" municipality="The Pinnacle" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount box="[865,966,1011,1038]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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, ACT,
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<collectingCounty pageId="25" pageNumber="60">Canberra</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[212,362,1047,1073]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">The Pinnacle</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4260A47EFFA5FFE1FF11FDDA9021F907:CF1643B3FFA5FFE3FEEBFBBD92F2FBB1" box="[374,466,1047,1073]" county="Canberra" latitude="-35.266666" longLatPrecision="1194" longitude="149.03334" municipality="The Pinnacle" name="Hawker" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="New South Wales">Hawker</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[477,567,1046,1073]" degrees="35" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-35.266666">35°16'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[579,687,1047,1073]" degrees="149" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="149.03334">149°02'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date box="[699,853,1047,1073]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" value="2002-10-06" valueMax="2002-10-23" valueMin="2002-10-06">
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<collectingDate box="[699,853,1047,1073]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" value="2002-10-06" valueMax="2002-10-23" valueMin="2002-10-06">6–23.X.2002</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[865,984,1047,1073]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">K.P. Bland</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[1000,1078,1047,1073]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">ANIC</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="25.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,505,1081,1107]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis box="[185,257,1081,1107]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" reason="1">Other</emphasis>
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specimen examined
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</emphasis>
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(not a
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<typeStatus box="[600,702,1082,1108]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">paratype</typeStatus>
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):
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<specimenCount box="[725,828,1082,1108]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[844,938,1082,1108]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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, Bright, H.W. Davey (
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<collectionCode box="[227,319,1117,1143]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">QMBA</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[140,1108,765,1672]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,430,1152,1178]" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis box="[185,330,1152,1178]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
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. Female
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</emphasis>
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(Fig. 6, 10).
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<emphasis box="[597,764,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">Length of body</emphasis>
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(exclusive of antenna) 13.5– 16.0mm; of fore wing 13.7–15.0mm; of antenna 16.5–17.0mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="25.[140,1108,765,1672]" lastBlockId="26.[140,1108,167,1671]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis box="[185,243,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">Head</emphasis>
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. Clypeus (Fig. 18) 2.6–2.7 times as broad as long; weakly and uniformly convex to nearly flat in profile, very weakly thickened along lateral margin; ventral margin broadly truncate to very weakly concave, very slightly thickened; surface punctate on weakly shagreened background, punctures deep, separated from one another by their diameter; epistomal sulcus weak medially but distinct. Malar space 0.45–0.55 times basal width of mandible, strongly shagreened to finely granular-matt/punctate. Lower gena punctate, with punctures separated by 0.5–1.0 times their diameter, usually weakly shagreened, upper gena more polished and very slightly more sparsely punctate except more densely punctate along occipital carina. Face (Fig. 18) deeply and densely punctate, varying from punctate and weakly shagreened to more densely granular punctate medially, surface distinctly undulating transversely, elevated medially and laterally, distinctly depressed near ventrolateral margin of toruli, convex between anterior tentorial pit and eye (Fig 16). Frons lacking distinctly elevated interantennal flange of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gauld. Carne" authorityYear="1969" box="[1018,1100,1646,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis box="[1018,1100,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="60">P. nigra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with at most a low, very short, weak, median carina (Fig. 23); frons distinctly elevated adjacent eye, the elevated area punctate and somewhat crescent-shaped, frons otherwise flat with post-antennal area adjacent elevated lateral margin appearing weakly concave; surface often polished immediately behind scape, finely matt punctate posteriorly between posterior ocelli and eye, otherwise variously rugulose to rugose to densely granular. Antenna with 42–44 flagellomeres; first flagellomere at most 1.2 times longer than second, 3.6–3.7 times longer than wide, second flagellomere 2.8–3.1 times longer than wide, tenth 2.0–2.2 times longer than wide; tyloid of first flagellomere (Figs 14, 15) large, oval, extending 0.30–0.35 length of first flagellomere.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="26.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="26" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName box="[185,294,484,509]" class="Crustacea (awaiting allocation)" family="Crustacea (awaiting allocation)" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crustacea (awaiting allocation)" pageId="26" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[185,294,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="61">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Pronotum laterally densely punctate. Mesopleural depression densely punctate to weakly rugulose or strigose punctate anteroventrally, the punctures large, deep, coalescing at least in part anteriorly but usually discrete though nearly adjacent medially; rounded lobe forming anterodorsal margin of mesopleural depression with similarly large, deep punctures, but with punctures often more widely spaced. Scutellum coarsely punctate. Posteromedian plate of metanotum varying from unsculptured to nearly so, polished. Metapleuron densely punctate with additional strigose sculpture in some individuals. Propodeum varying from weakly convex to nearly flat in profile, with very narrow anterior and elongate posterior fields often differentiated; base of propodeum, on either side of median depression, smooth, polished (as in Fig. 34); pleural carina nearly always incomplete: sharply defined anteriorly, touching ventrolateral corner of propodeal spiracle, discontinuous or nearly so between spiracle and weaker posterior fragment; anterior transverse carina often poorly differentiated among narrow band of transverse strigose sculpture, though sometimes distinct as a low ridge; median basal depression margined posteriorly with what may represent the median portion of anterior transverse carina; distinctly arched lateral portion of posterior transverse carina and posterior portion of lateral longitudinal carina forming large, polished, apicolateral area (Figs 32), junction of lateral longitudinal and posterior transverse carinae not tuberculate. Hind basitarsus 12.2–14.7 times longer than wide. Fore wing areolet very small, petiolate above, the stalk equal to or longer than both length and width of areolet (Fig. 38); 2m-cu variable, arising from middle (rarely) to extreme apex (more commonly) of areolet. Hind wing with 1st abscissa of Cu1 0.80–0.85 times length of cu-a; cu-a reclivous.
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph blockId="26.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="26" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis box="[185,296,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="61">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. Petiole with S1 not extending to level of spiracle. Postpetiole and T2–4 polished, almost completely bare and impunctate, with a few scattered punctures and setae, the latter concentrated laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[140,1108,167,1671]" pageId="26" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,245,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="61">Color</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs 6, 10, 16, 18, 42). Mostly black; mandible (except dark apical teeth), broad orbital bands on face extending onto anterior part of frons, clypeus (except small, irregular dark spot dorsomedially) and variously sized spot on lower gena bright yellow; scape, pedicel, and basal 19–21 flagellomeres, tegula, legs from trochanter to apex, and most of gaster orange, with fore and mid legs often yellow orange; petiole completely, T2 extensively (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[458,561,1575,1602]" pageId="26" pageNumber="61">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) to completely and base of T3 at least partially black in
|
||
<specimenCount box="[235,374,1610,1636]" pageId="26" pageNumber="61" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
; gaster completely orange and petiole with irregular orange markings posteriorly in
|
||
<specimenCount box="[351,492,1645,1671]" pageId="26" pageNumber="61" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[140,1109,167,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,253,167,193]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,247,167,193]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" reason="1">Male</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Essentially as in female except as follows: Antenna with 41–43 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 3.1–3.2 times longer than wide; hind wing with 1st abscissa of Cu1 0.65–0.85 times length of cu-a; anterior transverse carina less evident than in most females; terminal segments of gaster not laterally compressed; face medially and clypeus dorsomedially pale orange instead of black, basal 22–23 flagellomeres orange, coxae, especially on fore leg, partly orange, gaster almost completely black in one specimen, almost completely orange in the other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[140,1109,167,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,498,413,439]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,336,413,439]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
and biology.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[731,825,413,439]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
, ACT, and central
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Reared from an undetermined species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1817" box="[758,817,449,474]" class="Insecta" family="Pergidae" genus="Perga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[758,817,449,474]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Perga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(based on label data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[140,1109,167,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,312,483,509]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,307,483,509]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This species is most readily recognized by the distinctively bicolored antenna, which is pale basally and dark apically.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wharton" authorityYear="2010" box="[678,903,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthops">
|
||
<emphasis box="[678,903,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Pergaphaga xanthops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has bicolored antennae, but the pattern is reversed.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cammack & Wharton" authorityYear="2010" box="[572,808,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iangauldi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[572,808,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Pergaphaga iangauldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the elevated median flange on the frons as found in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gauld. Carne" authorityYear="1969" box="[498,580,590,615]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,580,590,615]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wharton" authorityYear="2010" box="[639,760,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthops">
|
||
<emphasis box="[639,760,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">P. xanthops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and is thus more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wharton" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leaski">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">P. leaski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this regard. In addition to differences in antennal color pattern,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cammack & Wharton" authorityYear="2010" box="[976,1107,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iangauldi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[976,1107,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">P. iangauldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a more heavily sculptured mesopleuron than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wharton" authorityYear="2010" box="[693,777,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leaski">
|
||
<emphasis box="[693,777,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">P. leaski</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[140,1109,167,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,298,695,721]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,293,695,721]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" reason="1">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The female specimen from Bright is larger than members of the type series, with 46 flagellomeres, the first 30 of which are orange. The fore wing areolet is also distinctly larger (roughly intermediate in size between that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gauld. Carne" authorityYear="1969" box="[904,987,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[904,987,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and those from the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cammack & Wharton" authorityYear="2010" box="[403,533,800,826]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iangauldi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[403,533,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">P. iangauldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the metapleuron is distinctly strigose in this specimen. Although considered a member of this species, it is not included as a
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="27" pageNumber="62">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
because of this variation. The following additional variation was noted among members of the type series: in one female, the flagellum is brown basally rather than orange, the epicnemial carina does not extend dorsally to the level of the ventral corner of the pronotum in several specimens, and in the left wing of one of the females, Cu1 is 1.15 times longer than cu-a. The female
|
||
<typeStatus box="[588,685,1012,1038]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
from Canberra has a slightly different color pattern than the series from Murrumbeena, but unlike the specimen from Bright, sculpture and venation are the same and it is therefore included in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[943,1040,1082,1108]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
series to emphasize color variation in this species. In the Canberra specimen, all terga of the gaster are black medially, face and clypeus are brownish yellow medially, fore and mid coxae are orange ventrally, and first 32 flagellomeres are orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[140,1109,167,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
|
||
One male specimen lacks a fore wing areolet in both wings. In the left wing, it is easier to see that that the absence of an areolet is due to the fusion of 2rs-m and 3rs-m rather than the loss of one or the other of these. This suggests that within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Gupta" authorityYear="1987" box="[976,1100,1293,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[976,1100,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Pergaphaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at least, there is a trend toward gradual loss of the areolet through reduction in size and fusion of the adjacent cross veins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[140,1109,167,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The first two labels on the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[503,600,1399,1425]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
from Windsor are handwritten. The first is difficult to read, with the month, day, and locality legible, but the remainder difficult to decipher and possibly misinterpreted. The second label is completely illegible. This and the specimen from Bright bear
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Gupta" authorityYear="1987" box="[542,670,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pergaphaga</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. labels by I. D. Gauld dated 1984.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[140,1109,167,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[237,334,1540,1566]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
from Canberra is also the voucher specimen for the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Gupta" authorityYear="1987" box="[944,1068,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pergaphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[944,1068,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">Pergaphaga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequence reported in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Quicke DLJ & Laurenne NM & Fitton MG & Broad GR" box="[360,594,1575,1601]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62" pagination="1305 - 1421" refId="ref14725" refString="Quicke DLJ, Laurenne NM, Fitton MG, Broad GR (2009) A thousand and one wasps: a 28 S rDNA and morphological phylogeny of the Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with an investigation into alignment parameter space and elision. Journal of Natural History 43: 1305 - 1421." type="journal article" year="2009">Quicke et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[140,1109,167,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="62">
|
||
This species is named for Ian Gauld for his significant contribution to the understanding of this genus and the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[486,643,1645,1671]" pageId="27" pageNumber="35" rank="tribe" tribe="Westwoodiini">Westwoodiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
in general.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |