207 lines
18 KiB
XML
207 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="A01078B6980295F119E6CFCE70952D69" ID-CLB-Dataset="32460" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12135" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60c96364-0fcd-4ccd-84af-123d176a6a52" ID-PMC="PMC5523382" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-680-105" ID-PubMed="28769718" ID-ZooBank="657770F9FCFA4D72BB08AFAF7371B1BA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-680-105" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 680" ModsDocTitle="Demosponge diversity from North Sulawesi, with the description of six new species" checkinTime="1502744605313" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Calcinai, Barbara, Bastari, Azzurra, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Bertolino, Marco, Horcajadas, Santiago Bueno, Pansini, Maurizio, Makapedua, Daisy M. & Cerrano, Carlo" docDate="2017" docId="3BB92867F5A1E5024EF42E4C9F079CDF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 680: 105-150" docOrigin="ZooKeys 680" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12135" docTitle="Tethytimea tylota Hentschel 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="8A0DFFF7FFB02806FFE0A3014E580F49" masterDocTitle="Demosponge diversity from North Sulawesi, with the description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1701374198444" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CA2AC235B0B3A2C523D65009B4BD01C2">Demosponge diversity from North Sulawesi, with the description of six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B2F89CBD73B27714D34BF54D72E383D8">Calcinai, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D5303ACE239C309D1377FF4243176BD5">Bastari, Azzurra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28D23CA5DB4D9C046460E3C7C2A52DE6">Bavestrello, Giorgio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="34FCB531449AFAAE0C4316FB8A0969FF">Bertolino, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="58CE0AE3FDBA6CE7D40FE72A3EF79620">Horcajadas, Santiago Bueno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="893AA981FBAB150088DE39C17365F196">Pansini, Maurizio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="03E404FB69A47373C272A942D194413B">Makapedua, Daisy M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="76FC6D3685767C056EA98433151CD4BB">Cerrano, Carlo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="49593F5ABC0CF9C072F86646B63B1AE0">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="54039D53308F28DA2D015B46027EDAA2">680</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="F6AD0C2DCC0ABFBCE26AE457862C97BD">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12135</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="00E42A551DB338304584928F6789B682">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D04F09A69FE3FFBEBB06DB338B80C436" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12135</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="11F5C8B05AB265871C827A81DD7A17CA" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-680-105</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9B49F9CA630128690C86F6E3650F6722" type="ZooBank">657770F9FCFA4D72BB08AFAF7371B1BA</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3BB92867F5A1E5024EF42E4C9F079CDF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649465" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3BB92867F5A1E5024EF42E4C9F079CDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3BB92867F5A1E5024EF42E4C9F079CDF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection id="66964882BF57C4BF138F906E2DC2736B" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D5824328AD627F37A20956BD99019ECF" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName id="68E312C893DD6006AFBE4545E34825DD" ID-CoL="55KPS" authority="Hentschel, 1912" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethytimea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethytimea tylota" order="Tethyida" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylota">Tethytimea tylota (Hentschel, 1912)</taxonomicName>
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Figure 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3421811778B11C3097B5B5B748510A1E" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="83BD4FE3CAC2E58D561E244B16B7DE00" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="B4C2C60748A1764587790AE3A6AE0E1F" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Donatia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Donatia tylota" order="Tethyida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylota">
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<pageBreakToken id="5F4EA88D7BC25915C06E2F05C37E4E02" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" start="start">Donatia</pageBreakToken>
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tylota
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</taxonomicName>
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Hentschel, 1912: 317.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E6D2CF7BA1C36A54EC84627AFBB1929F" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2437C496A9CB921ED8224292D31E641D" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="42AA9CBA7F229D17BCA0B98D5D2F73C9" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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BU-98, 23/03/2000, Lekuan II (Bunaken Island), 5 m depth. BU-289, 17/05/2001,
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<normalizedToken id="23AFFC574A3BD42E83CC28486797C700" originalValue="Raymond’s">Raymond's</normalizedToken>
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Point (Bunaken Island), unknown depth. BU-533, 21/06/2004, Bualo (Manado Tua Island), about 8 m depth. BU-545, 23/06/2004,
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<normalizedToken id="C529609D8BC35DF9BD48E24D94871F45" originalValue="Raymond’s">Raymond's</normalizedToken>
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Point (Bunaken Island), about 20 m depth. BU-562, 26/06/2004, Bualo (Manado Tua Island), unknown depth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A570F7518B61FB2CDDA8B0B61945F2C0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="description">
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<paragraph id="966A1CFE512D2AA62AB89065A91AD964" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B1B845A59A926964FB4F45E986CC3488" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Encrusting sponge 3-6 mm thick; the largest examined specimen (BU-289) is approximately 10 cm in diameter. The consistence is firm; the body of the sponge lacunose. The surface is irregular, with extended verrucous areas covered by sand and largely colonised by epibiotic ascidians, algae and hydroids (Fig. 3A). In the microscopic observation, the surface appears micro-hispid. The colour of living specimens is orange; when preserved, the sponge becomes yellowish-green.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2B8B87A3B0A5C4E74FDDFFD9F136D75" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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Skeleton.
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<taxonomicName id="C3694F16961DC616DC5F6AB9209AC5A0" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethytimea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethytimea tylota" order="Tethyida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylota">Tethytimea tylota</taxonomicName>
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does not have a distinguishable ectosomal skeleton or a proper cortex; the choanosomal skeleton is formed by bundles of big tylostyles of
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<pageBreakToken id="1D5C16770CFC9323DDA4021742A9D721" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" start="start">100</pageBreakToken>
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-200
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<normalizedToken id="94FBE607009D65475CB5DE37988ABB59" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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directed outwards (Fig. 3B). Close to the surface, these main bundles support fans of small tylostyles hispidating the sponge surface (Fig. 3B, C).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EA30B48CF7D64D8FDE67FF67EFA71097" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
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Spicules. Megascleres are straight tylostyles with a slightly developed head (Fig. 3D). They can be distinguished into two size classes (Fig. 3E, F); tylostyles I measure 930 - (1,104.8
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<normalizedToken id="57D6CD384A37764B6B0F32BDDB223289" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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146.7) - 1,339
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<normalizedToken id="4784860CE3D48826032248FF58BCD24B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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12.5 - (17.8
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<normalizedToken id="0B8E0527994063253C7F6BD13A16F611" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3.4) - 25
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<normalizedToken id="5CBA75CD9E15DA31C7034C32D70DBF9E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; tylostyles II (Fig. 3D) measure 490 - (576.6
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<normalizedToken id="8EA8F797366049E9018E4F5F6B6B8AA0" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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72.5) - 660
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<normalizedToken id="03D967260BE74EFF639AC465E8E5BC10" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5 - (6.6
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<normalizedToken id="ED1AFAD8A10F0CD8BAB4EA3F77356655" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2.0) - 10
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<normalizedToken id="F54DBC8692709D70FCDDEF6F73577B26" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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and form the superficial fans that protrude out of the surface; microscleres are two kinds of asters (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken id="BA9F294298038384B0CD5425FEF2843C" originalValue="G–K">G-K</normalizedToken>
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). Oxyspherasters (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken id="3616801C76FA37FC2D1757DE70DD1BBA" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
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) with thick ramified or rounded, often bifurcated rays, measuring 65 - (122.5
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<normalizedToken id="729388E955372BA12F395B9437CB9D63" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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39.6) - 200
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<normalizedToken id="3428DC0D1F6FD60A8B876168001EC98F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Tylasters with rays variable in length ending with apical groups of spines variable in number (Fig. 3J, K); they measure 7.5 - (11.1
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<normalizedToken id="70DCF44CF2E9AADAF6FF12D32DD652E7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.9) - 16.3
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<normalizedToken id="BBCF93A0BBE30E3B2C02F65EFBAF8FE3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Microscleres are abundant throughout the sponge, but more concentrated close to the surface (Fig. 3L), where the smallest tylasters form a thin, continuous layer (Fig. 4H, inlet).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="5463370CCB920165BFA721270B48FC10" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
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<paragraph id="64EDBD6679A0C65C846581B5CFFC73A4" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName id="561DD76547FF308E0A5C22F4497D6941" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethytimea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethytimea tylota" order="Tethyida" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylota">Tethytimea tylota</taxonomicName>
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(Hentschel, 1912) A specimen in situ (BU-562) B cross section showing bundles of big tylostyles (full arrow) and the microscleres (empty arrow) CSEM image showing fans of small tylostyles (full arrow) and microscleres (empty arrow) of
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<taxonomicName id="3263530BD0DC220B48173906B54374AD" lsidName="T. tylota" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="tylota">T. tylota</taxonomicName>
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(t), below the sponge
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<taxonomicName id="AFA4AC9700CA7106E14400A1E25C507F" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stelletta" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Stelletta</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (s) involved in the association D small tylostyle E, F heads of tylostyles
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<normalizedToken id="03C4440C799EA19FEAEEBDD9D058C90A" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
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oxyspherasters J, K tylasters L groups of microscleres.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05BF88A6B276555AD6F3337440DAE3E2" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="DDD7839CFED9059FE3238BDF71C2E6EB" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4FE0D04E27DBF5B9E9F87F95EA82C469" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
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This sponge was exclusively found as epizoic on
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<taxonomicName id="FC1778465E7B042D94253945D1EC3749" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stelletta tethytimeata" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tethytimeata">Stelletta tethytimeata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (see below). It has been attributed to
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<taxonomicName id="694B8CCB98348F158B327D8F8A5FAC8E" lsidName="T. tylota" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="tylota">T. tylota</taxonomicName>
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for its skeletal organisation, made of bundles of main tylostyles supporting superficial fans of small tylostyles, the superficial layer of tylasters (present also in the holotype), the size and shape of megascleres and microscleres (
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<bibRefCitation id="78CABFFAC48198C11E649BAC14B7C38E" author="Sara, M" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" title="A guide to the classification of sponges. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_26" year="2002">
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<normalizedToken id="460FFD78D90C81C4979AD61C9AD6DCFF" originalValue="Sarà">Sara</normalizedToken>
|
||
2002
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The genus
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||
<taxonomicName id="0C5E77530AD08674B5CF88F827D65AC5" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethytimea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethytimea" order="Tethyida" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tethytimea</taxonomicName>
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is monospecific and
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||
<taxonomicName id="42EE9BC2134711663B57CD4B95E6560E" lsidName="T. tylota" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="tylota">T. tylota</taxonomicName>
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was found at Aru Island (Indonesia). This is the first record of this species since the original description (
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<bibRefCitation id="38F249B5C2DE22639A0469FA1F312DCA" author="Hentschel, E" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" pagination="293 - 448" title="Kiesel- und Hornschwaemme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.85325" volume="34" year="1912">Hentschel 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the revision of the genus (based on the re-examination of the type material),
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<bibRefCitation id="6D71435CC9290BCD84996582C3576B27" author="Sara, M" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" title="A guide to the classification of sponges. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_26" year="2002">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="16E3399617224EFB74C0A14447063343" originalValue="Sarà">Sara</normalizedToken>
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||
(2002)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
confirmed the presence in the holotype of very rare spheres; these spicules were not detected in the present specimens as in the paratype (
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<bibRefCitation id="9055D68A502D92769E738494DEB8AFB2" author="Sara, M" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" title="A guide to the classification of sponges. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_26" year="2002">
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<normalizedToken id="2009FEBF5BCD18B9BE3B047D9B4836CC" originalValue="Sarà">Sara</normalizedToken>
|
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2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="22B013F0CD80BD93821D208746928EA6" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
|
||
It is interesting to note that the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="520C6D871606F637BDE42A78826E374D" lsidName="T. tylota" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="tylota">T. tylota</taxonomicName>
|
||
was encrusting on a stone and in association with another sponge (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2CECCBAB930AF7B879BE73054FC66C9B" author="Sara, M" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" title="A guide to the classification of sponges. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_26" year="2002">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F6FAAADEFE8E8562233C32491048D150" originalValue="Sarà">Sara</normalizedToken>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BDC01A3D70C446D6113D7EB40A299BA" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="28B73F559701F195BFAA107517262056" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Remarks on the association.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0CFBF61891791080FD8877A62E3DC720" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">See below.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |