961 lines
118 KiB
XML
961 lines
118 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4993898A33D83B304D417665981B25C2">One Hundred Years of Solitude: rediscovery of Catasticta lycurgus (Godman & Salvin, 1880), a yellow butterfly from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA6398F568828BB2D3AC57AE45F7B9A8">Huertas, Blanca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="47D37FC3F6629FB8A98A9A5B227D0D40">Prieto, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A4069B9AD0D906D421503297F6AA1DC6">Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia & Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2217 - 7267</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FE03B81C73AF2AFC6F6BAEB5EA485376">Montero, Fredy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F4A651D93C7866BE48C9737A2F83ED5">Asociación colombiana para la Lepidopterología, ACOLEP, Bogotá, Colombia. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7906 - 9403</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2173C437423C8D8A5F76C85BD5C7D30E">Adams, Mike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B576EFD6EE4EEFDFE5EA33E78F33A067">Unaffiliated. Coombe Cottage, Blandford Road, Shillingstone, Dorset, UK. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7245 - 2001</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B0031EC3D212A10EB4A6DB1D94902525">Crom, Jean François Le</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1C63ED093FF188C5FE04CB2E415F9E8F">Asociación colombiana para la Lepidopterología, ACOLEP, Bogotá, Colombia. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9448 - 9019</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2B415F0F9AB5F6AB73A250F603997008">Bollino, Maurizio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AE5571114271053E7C64AEDD143087B0">Museo di Storianaturale del Salento, Calimera, Lecce, Italy. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4982 - 8453</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9D7E8C22F7AD11D2671FA3D08F2AF8E3">Correa-Carmona, Yenny</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FBEB082EE499EA64C2830A37BEFDC282">Grupo de Entomología Universidad de Antioquia (GEUA), Medellín, Colombia. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0209 - 8729</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B274BDE1D4CECAC3551CA1822BCA335D">Padrón, Pablo Sebastián</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3EA3A24A49BA494CF499EF6719A5B2EC">Laboratorio de Entomología, Museo de Zoología, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador & McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9104 - 1657</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CA84672FE9272BA5C3E665209517D215">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="72F470D26CDCE5B3D747F32F8B64A0D5">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="1513A34DFFA3FF80FF32F94FC015F9EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4923693" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182645051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4923693" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1513A34DFFA3FF80FF32F94FC015F9EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1513A34DFFA3FF80FF32F94FC015F9EA" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
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<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA3FF8AFF32F94FC6D1F97B" blockId="2.[151,710,1698,1725]" box="[151,710,1698,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
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<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA3FF8AFF32F94FC6D1F97B" ID-CoL="RT77" authority="(Godman & Salvin, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[151,710,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
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<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFF32F94FC6D1F97B" bold="true" box="[151,710,1698,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFF32F94FC568F97A" bold="true" box="[151,383,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Catasticta lycurgus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA3FF8AFE2AF94EC6A9F97B" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[399,702,1698,1724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref6433" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1880) A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia, and the Vicinity. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 28 (3), 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1880. tb 02025. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Godman & Salvin, 1880</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA3FF8AFF32F907C5C8F8C2" box="[151,479,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA3FF8AFF32F907C5C8F8C2" blockId="2.[151,1436,1771,2013]" box="[151,479,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFF32F907C55BF8C2" bold="true" box="[151,332,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
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<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA3FF8AFF32F907C511F8C2" box="[151,262,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, male
|
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA3FF8AFEFEF907C5C0F8C2" box="[347,471,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[396,1191,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[385,1203,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. a. Original figure of Euterpe lycurgus from Godman & Salvin (1880). b. Holotype, male specimen dorsal view and labels c. ventral view (B. Huertas, Trustees NHMUK)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806002/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Figs. 1 a–c</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA3FF8AFF62F8E3C0EDF8EE" box="[199,1274,1806,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA3FF8AFF62F8E3C0EDF8EE" blockId="2.[151,1436,1771,2013]" box="[199,1274,1806,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BDAA3575FFA3FF8AFF62F8E3C0EDF8EE" box="[199,1274,1806,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
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<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA3FF8AFF62F8E3C5DBF8EE" ID-CoL="3JCX" authority="Butler, 1870" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[199,460,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFF62F8E3C52DF8EE" box="[199,314,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Catasticta</emphasis>
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Butler, 1870
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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“
|
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<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA3FF8AFE45F8E3C689F8EE" authority="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón, 2021" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[480,670,1807,1833]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFE45F8E3C689F8EE" box="[480,670,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Euterpe lycurgus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4FD7332FFA3FF8AFD08F8E3C6FEF8EE" box="[685,745,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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”
|
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<treatmentCitation id="1C1B344AFFA3FF8AFD59F8E3C05EF8EE" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[764,1097,1807,1833]" page="132" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" year="1880">
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<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA3FF8AFD59F8E3C05EF8EE" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[764,1097,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref6433" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1880) A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia, and the Vicinity. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 28 (3), 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1880. tb 02025. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Godman & Salvin, 1880: 132</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, Pl. IV: Fig. 15.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA3FF8BFF62F8DFC0BAFDA6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA3FF8AFF62F8DFC621F8B6" blockId="2.[151,1436,1771,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFF62F8DFC57CF88B" bold="true" box="[199,363,1842,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Type locality:</emphasis>
|
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“on the road from San Sebastian to Atánquez” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA3FF8AFC3DF8DFC0E7F88A" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[920,1264,1843,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref6433" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1880) A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia, and the Vicinity. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 28 (3), 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1880. tb 02025. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Godman & Salvin, 1880: 132</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA3FF8AFAA3F8DFC179F88A" box="[1286,1390,1843,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(by monotypy) (Plate 23: Figs 177, 178).
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA3FF8AFF62F897C54FF87D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1771,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
|
||
Additionally, to the labels described above, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA3FF8AFD49F897C759F852" box="[748,846,1915,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA3FF8AFCDDF897C7ECF852" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[888,1019,1915,1941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFCDDF897C7ECF852" box="[888,1019,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the following labels as listed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA3FF8AFF32F873C544F87D" author="Abadjiev, S." box="[151,339,1951,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref5762" refString="Abadjiev, S. (2006) Types of Neotropical Pierinae in the collection of Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, London (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Zootaxa, 1143, 1 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1143.1.1" type="journal article" year="2006">Abadjiev (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA3FF8BFF62F82FC0C0FF12" blockId="2.[151,1436,1771,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
|
||
(1) printed (on white paper) “S. Sebast. to | Atanques [sic] | F. Simons”; (2) circle printed (on white paper with red frame) “
|
||
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA2FF8BFEBAFF7BC549FF76" box="[287,350,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
”; (3) printed (on white paper) “Godman-Salvin. | Coll.B.M. 1909-28.”; (4) printed (on white paper) “Photographed by | B. D’Abrera 77/78”; (5) printed (on white paper) “BMNH(E) #662336”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FF33C007FEDA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
A modern code has been placed recently (
|
||
<collectionCode id="FBAB8A9EFFA2FF8BFD3FFF33C710FF3E" box="[666,775,223,249]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
014172794), meaning the specimen has been digitally photographed and is available online in the NHM data portal www.data.nhm.ac.uk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF32FEA6C672FEA1" blockId="3.[151,1436,330,609]" box="[151,613,330,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFF32FEA6C5D8FEA3" bold="true" box="[151,463,330,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Other non-type specimens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA2FF8BFE7AFEA7C64AFEA1" box="[479,605,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,196,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[154,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. New male specimens known of C. lycurgus. a. recently collected dorsal view. b. ventral view (M. Bollino) c. female of C. lycurgus illustrated for the first time, dorsal view d. ventral view (C. Prieto) f. male genitalia (M. Bollino)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Figs. 2 a–b</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FE83C7ACFE6A" blockId="3.[151,1436,330,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2DD21806FFA2FF8BFF62FE83C7AFFE6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128527303" collectingDate="1972-08-07" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="M. Adams & G. Bernard." country="Colombia" location="Magdalena" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Magdalena">
|
||
<specimenCount id="8BBCD9D2FFA2FF8BFF62FE83C501FE4E" box="[199,278,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA2FF8BFEBAFE83C587FE4E" box="[287,400,367,393]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5F7EDCB9FFA2FF8BFE3EFE83C60DFE4E" box="[411,538,367,393]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFD81FE83C68FFE4E" box="[548,664,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">M. Adams</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFD1FFE83C72AFE4E" box="[698,829,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">G. Bernard.</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFCE9FE83C7A5FE4E" box="[844,946,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">E. Above</collectorName>
|
||
San Pedro, 2,900 metres,
|
||
<date id="E904349BFFA2FF8BFB76FE83C14CFE4E" box="[1235,1371,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="1972-08-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F940CD73FFA2FF8BFB76FE83C14CFE4E" box="[1235,1371,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="1972-08-07">7. viii. 1972</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
. 2011 / G1.71/72 A/B. / BMNH(E)1203312 /NHMUK010430776 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="FBAB8A9EFFA2FF8BFC9AFE7FC7A7FE6A" box="[831,944,403,429]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FE5BC4EEFE32" blockId="3.[151,1436,330,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2DD21806FFA2FF8BFF62FE5BC4E2FE32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128527302" collectingDate="2013-01-10" collectingDateMax="2013-01-12" collectingDateMin="2013-01-10" collectionCode="RCCP" country="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" elevation="2650" location="Magdalena" municipality="Sierra Nevada" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="8BBCD9D2FFA2FF8BFF62FE5BC530FE16" box="[199,295,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
: Col.,
|
||
<location id="98654480FFA2FF8BFEDCFE5BC5EFFE16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1513A34DFFA3FF80FF32F94FC015F9EA:98654480FFA2FF8BFEDCFE5BC5EFFE16" box="[377,504,439,465]" country="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" municipality="Sierra Nevada" name="Magdalena" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Magdalena</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7D618821FFA2FF8BFDADFE5BC6B8FE16" box="[520,687,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Sierra Nevada</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA2FF8BFD1AFE5BC72DFE16" box="[703,826,439,465]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA2FF8BFCECFE5BC7EEFE16" box="[841,1017,439,465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="2650.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="2600.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1697F568FFA2FF8BFCECFE5BC7EEFE16" box="[841,1017,439,465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="2650.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="2600.0">2,600–2,700 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E904349BFFA2FF8BFBAFFE5BC0A0FE16" box="[1034,1207,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2013-01-10" valueMax="2013-01-12" valueMin="2013-01-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F940CD73FFA2FF8BFBAFFE5BC0A0FE16" box="[1034,1207,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2013-01-10" valueMax="2013-01-12" valueMin="2013-01-10">10–12/01/2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, codes, b376, b377 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="FBAB8A9EFFA2FF8BFF3AFE37C4FAFE32" box="[159,237,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">RCCP</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FE13C6C3FDFA" blockId="3.[151,1436,330,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2DD21806FFA2FF8BFF62FE13C6C7FDFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128527305" collectingDate="2016-03" collectionCode="MBLI" collectorName="de la Sierra & Leg. F. Montero" country="Colombia" elevation="3075" latitude="10.898014" location="Magdalena" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-73.95217" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Magdalena">
|
||
<specimenCount id="8BBCD9D2FFA2FF8BFF62FE13C534FDDE" box="[199,291,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA2FF8BFE8BFE13C58BFDDE" box="[302,412,511,537]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
– Depto.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5F7EDCB9FFA2FF8BFDA8FE13C69EFDDE" box="[525,649,511,537]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ San Pedro
|
||
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFCB9FE13C789FDDE" box="[796,926,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">de la Sierra</collectorName>
|
||
– SNSM /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F88E749CFFA2FF8BFBBAFE12C0DCFDDE" box="[1055,1227,510,537]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" precision="1" seconds="52.85" value="10.898014">10°53’52.85”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F88E749CFFA2FF8BFB4CFE12C19BFDDE" box="[1257,1420,510,537]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" precision="1" seconds="7.82" value="-73.95217">73°57’7.82”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="E904349BFFA2FF8BFF32FDCFC4E3FDFA" box="[151,244,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2016-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F940CD73FFA2FF8BFF32FDCFC4E3FDFA" box="[151,244,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2016-03">III.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA2FF8BFEA5FDCEC5B5FDFA" box="[256,418,546,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.075" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="3075.0" valueMax="3150.0" valueMin="3000.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1697F568FFA2FF8BFEA5FDCEC5B5FDFA" box="[256,418,546,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.075" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="3075.0" valueMax="3150.0" valueMin="3000.0">3,000–3,150m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFE1DFDCFC67AFDFA" box="[440,621,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Leg. F. Montero</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="FBAB8A9EFFA2FF8BFDD9FDCFC6DFFDFA" box="[636,712,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">MBLI</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FDABC0BAFDA6" blockId="3.[151,1436,330,609]" box="[199,1197,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2DD21806FFA2FF8BFF62FDABC0BEFDA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128527301" box="[199,1193,583,609]" collectingDate="2013-01" collectionCode="JFLC" collectorName="de la Sierra Nevada & Leg. F. Montero" country="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" elevation="3100" location="San Pedro" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-male="9">
|
||
<specimenCount id="8BBCD9D2FFA2FF8BFF62FDABC535FDA6" box="[199,290,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA2FF8BFE89FDABC589FDA6" box="[300,414,583,609]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFE03FDABC693FDA6" box="[422,644,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">de la Sierra Nevada</collectorName>
|
||
, Mgd.
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA2FF8BFD76FDABC725FDA6" box="[723,818,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="3100.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1697F568FFA2FF8BFD76FDABC725FDA6" box="[723,818,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="3100.0">3,100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="E904349BFFA2FF8BFC99FDABC799FDA6" box="[828,910,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2013-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F940CD73FFA2FF8BFC99FDABC799FDA6" box="[828,910,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2013-01">i. 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFC3DFDABC05AFDA6" box="[920,1101,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Leg. F. Montero</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="FBAB8A9EFFA2FF8BFBF9FDABC0B7FDA6" box="[1116,1184,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">JFLC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA2FF8BFF32FD62C5C3F8B5" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF32FD62C7CBFD6D" blockId="3.[151,1437,654,1473]" box="[151,988,654,682]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFF32FD62C756FD6F" bold="true" box="[151,833,654,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Re-description of the male and illustration of its genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA2FF8BFCF5FD63C7C3FD6D" box="[848,980,655,682]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,196,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[154,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. New male specimens known of C. lycurgus. a. recently collected dorsal view. b. ventral view (M. Bollino) c. female of C. lycurgus illustrated for the first time, dorsal view d. ventral view (C. Prieto) f. male genitalia (M. Bollino)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Fig. 2a–b, f</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FD5FC570FD36" blockId="3.[151,1437,654,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">FW with slightly rounded apex and outer margin indented at M2-M3; HW with smooth outer margin and rounded anal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FD17C12CFC62" blockId="3.[151,1437,654,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Dorsal surface: Ground colour of both wings brown (PANTONE® 1545 C). FW with a complete series of yellow (PANTONE® 7404 C) discal, submarginal and marginal spots; marginal spots slightly elongated; discal spots in space 1b-2–3 extended inward to touch cellular vein, those in space 1a–1b extended inwardly nearly to base of wing. Cell with inner two thirds yellow from base to apex. HW with complete series of yellow discal and submarginal spots; marginal spots lighter in colour; submarginal spots chevron-shaped; marginal spots triangular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF32FC43C05DFBF1" blockId="3.[151,1437,654,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
Ventral surface: FW with a complete series of discal, submarginal and marginal spots; marginal spots elongated. Discal spots light yellow, those in space 1b-2–3 extended inward to touch cellular vein, and those in space 1a–1b extended inwardly nearly to base of wing. Cell with outer third light yellow, and an axial yellow streak in basal two thirds. HW with general pattern as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFD99FBF7C7AEFBF2" authority="(Dognin, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Dognin" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[572,953,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFD99FBF7C712FBF3" box="[572,773,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Catasticta incerta</emphasis>
|
||
(Dognin, 1888)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FBD3C15AFA92" blockId="3.[151,1437,654,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFF62FBD3C526FB9E" box="[199,305,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA2FF8BFEE4FBD3C586FB9D" box="[321,401,1087,1114]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,196,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[154,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. New male specimens known of C. lycurgus. a. recently collected dorsal view. b. ventral view (M. Bollino) c. female of C. lycurgus illustrated for the first time, dorsal view d. ventral view (C. Prieto) f. male genitalia (M. Bollino)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Fig. 2f</figureCitation>
|
||
): little or no attention has been given by past authors to the morphology of male genitalia of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFEACFB8FC56BFBBA" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[265,380,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFEACFB8FC56BFBBA" box="[265,380,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Catasticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for their scarce complexity and simple structure.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA2FF8BFC0FFB8FC02FFBBA" author="Klots, A. B." box="[938,1080,1123,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" pagination="139 - 242" refId="ref6654" refString="Klots, A. B. (1933) A generic classification of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera) together with a study of the male genitalia. Entomologica america, 12, 139 - 242." type="journal article" year="1933">Klots (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
associates the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFA8CFB8FC18BFBBA" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[1321,1436,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFA8CFB8FC18BFBBA" box="[1321,1436,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Catasticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFEE8FB6BC623FB66" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1834" box="[333,564,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Eucheira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFEE8FB6BC5A3FB66" box="[333,436,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Eucheira</emphasis>
|
||
Westwood
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFDE5FB6BC736FB66" authority="Behrand" authorityName="Behrand" box="[576,801,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Neophasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFDE5FB6BC6AFFB66" box="[576,696,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Neophasia</emphasis>
|
||
Behrand
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFCF8FB6BC03CFB66" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[861,1067,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Archonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFCF8FB6BC7D8FB66" box="[861,975,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Archonias</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because they are “
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFAA4FB6BC727FB2F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">all characterized most strikingly by an extreme development in size of the tegumen, with a correlated decrease in size of the articulatory process and an extreme shortening of the uncus</emphasis>
|
||
”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA2FF8BFCEFFB23C088FB2E" author="Eitschberger, U. & Racheli, T." box="[842,1183,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" pagination="5 - 93" refId="ref6295" refString="Eitschberger, U. & Racheli, T. (1998) Catasticta studies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41, 5 - 93." type="journal article" year="1998">Eitschberger & Racheli (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only hint at the simple and little differentiated structure of the genitals in the different species of the genus. Apart from these notations,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA2FF8BFF32FAFBC5B6FAF6" author="Bollino, M. & Costa, M." box="[151,417,1303,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref6164" refString="Bollino, M. & Costa, M. (2007) An illustrated annotated check-list of the species of Catasticta (S. L.) Butler (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) of Venezuela. Zootaxa, 1469: 1 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 176651" type="journal article" year="2007">Bollino & Costa (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFE11FAFBC56BFA92" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
find no evidence in the literature of any species-specific differences in the various taxa of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFEACFAD7C56BFA92" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[265,380,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catasticta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” except an unconfirmed difference between two species reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA2FF8BFB26FAD7C15EFA92" author="Wojtusiak, J." box="[1155,1353,1339,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" pagination="595 - 599" refId="ref7690" refString="Wojtusiak, J. (1998) North Andean cloud forest and subparamo species of the genus Catasticta: C. chrysolopha Kollar, C. spectrum Reissinger and C. abdita new species. Lambillionea, 98 (4), 595 - 599." type="journal article" year="1998">Wojtusiak (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FAB3C6B3FA06" blockId="3.[151,1437,654,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
However, all this does not exclude that future research may demonstrate the existence of species-specific, or more likely group-specific characters, in the morphology of male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFBADFA6FC06CFA5A" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[1032,1147,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFBADFA6FC06CFA5A" box="[1032,1147,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Catasticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For this reason we illustrate the apparatus of a recently captured male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF32FA02C651F9CD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1518,1977]" box="[151,582,1518,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFF32FA02C5D5F9CF" bold="true" box="[151,450,1518,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Description of the female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA2FF8BFE77FA03C629F9CD" box="[466,574,1519,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,196,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[154,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. New male specimens known of C. lycurgus. a. recently collected dorsal view. b. ventral view (M. Bollino) c. female of C. lycurgus illustrated for the first time, dorsal view d. ventral view (C. Prieto) f. male genitalia (M. Bollino)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Fig. 2c–d</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62F9FFC662F8C2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1518,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Dorsal surface: Ground colour of both wings deep brown (PANTONE® 439 C). FW with a complete series of pale yellow (PANTONE® 600 C) discal, submarginal and marginal spots; submarginal and marginal spots obscured by brown scales; marginal spots slightly elongated; discal spot in space 1b extended inward to touch cellular vein only near base of vein CU2, those in space 2–3 extended inward to touch cellular vein. Cell with outer yellow spot touching the cellular vein. HW with complete series of slightly more saturated yellow (PANTONE® 393 C) discal, submarginal and marginal spots; the submarginal and marginal spots obscured by brown scales; submarginal spots chevron-shaped; marginal spots triangular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62F8E3C5C3F8B5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1518,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
Ventral surface: FW with a complete series of discal, submarginal and marginal spots; marginal spots elongated. Discal spots light yellow, with same extension as on dorsal surface. HW with general pattern as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFB71F8DFC553F8B6" authority="(Dognin, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Dognin" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFB71F8DFC18BF88B" box="[1236,1436,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Catasticta incerta</emphasis>
|
||
(Dognin, 1888)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA2FF8BFF62F897C589F87E" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62F897C589F87E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1518,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2DD21806FFA2FF8BFF62F897C58DF87E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128527304" collectingDate="2013-01-11" collectionCode="RCCP" country="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" elevation="2600" latitude="10.913333" location="Magdalena" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-73.964165" municipality="Sierra Nevada" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="8BBCD9D2FFA2FF8BFF62F897C523F852" box="[199,308,1915,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
: Col.,
|
||
<location id="98654480FFA2FF8BFE2CF897C61FF852" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1513A34DFFA3FF80FF32F94FC015F9EA:98654480FFA2FF8BFE2CF897C61FF852" box="[393,520,1915,1941]" country="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" latitude="10.913333" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-73.964165" municipality="Sierra Nevada" name="Magdalena" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Magdalena</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7D618821FFA2FF8BFDBFF897C6D4F852" box="[538,707,1915,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Sierra Nevada</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA2FF8BFD70F897C746F852" box="[725,849,1915,1941]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA2FF8BFCC6F897C7DFF852" box="[867,968,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="2600.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1697F568FFA2FF8BFCC6F897C7DFF852" box="[867,968,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="2600.0">2,600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E904349BFFA2FF8BFC7FF897C04CF852" box="[986,1115,1915,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2013-01-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F940CD73FFA2FF8BFC7FF897C04CF852" box="[986,1115,1915,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2013-01-11">11/01/2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, code: b375.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F88E749CFFA2FF8BFAA0F896C19BF852" box="[1285,1420,1914,1941]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" precision="15" seconds="48" value="10.913333">10°54’48”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F88E749CFFA2FF8BFF32F872C531F87E" box="[151,294,1950,1977]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-73.964165">73°57’51”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="FBAB8A9EFFA2FF8BFEE1F873C585F87E" box="[324,402,1951,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">RCCP</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="F4350BB0FFA5FF8CFF32FF7AC749FB67" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA5FF8CFF32FF7AC749FB67" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF32FF7AC5ABFF77" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1185]" box="[151,444,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<heading id="C64DA537FFA5FF8CFF32FF7AC5ABFF77" bold="true" box="[151,444,150,176]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF32FF7AC5ABFF77" bold="true" box="[151,444,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF62FF56C7CAFD0B" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
|
||
Although there was no record of the exact location of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA5FF8CFCC7FF57C785FF12" box="[866,914,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality as the labels of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA5FF8CFB7CFF57C11EFF12" box="[1241,1289,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFF32FF33C565FF3F" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[151,370,222,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF32FF33C565FF3F" box="[151,370,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not hold other collecting data rather than ‘from S[an] Sebast[ian de Rabago] to Atanques [sic] [Santa Marta,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFED1FEEEC5FFFEDA" box="[372,488,258,285]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
]’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA5FF8CFDA1FEEEC64FFEDA" box="[516,600,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[396,1191,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[385,1203,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. a. Original figure of Euterpe lycurgus from Godman & Salvin (1880). b. Holotype, male specimen dorsal view and labels c. ventral view (B. Huertas, Trustees NHMUK)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806002/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Simons, independently, wrote a few articles in specialised geographical journals giving exhaustive accounts of his expeditions to Santa Marta (and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5F7EDCB9FFA5FF8CFC7EFECAC023FE86" box="[987,1076,294,321]" country="Colombia" name="La Guajira" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Guajira</collectingRegion>
|
||
), including detailed maps drawn by himself (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFEBAFEA6C5A0FEA3" author="Simons, F. A. A." box="[287,439,330,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="689 - 694" refId="ref7209" refString="Simons, F. A. A. (1879) Notes on the Topography of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, U. S. of Colombia. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1 (11), 689 - 694. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1800684" type="journal article" year="1879">Simons 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFE61FEA6C64CFEA3" author="Simons, F. A. A." box="[452,603,330,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="705 - 723" refId="ref7270" refString="Simons, F. A. A. (1881) On the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta and Its Watershed (State of Magdalena, U. S. of Colombia). Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 3 (12), 705 - 723. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1800734" type="journal article" year="1881">Simons 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFDCDFEA6C794FEA3" author="Gomez-Creutzberg, C." box="[616,899,330,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" refId="ref6503" refString="Gomez-Creutzberg, C. (2017) Viajeros y espacios en disputa Frederick A. A. Simons y el Caribe colombiano a finales del siglo XIX. Raices de la geografia colombiana. Vol. 2. Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Bogota, 268 pp." type="book" year="2017">Gómez-Creutzberg 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). He wrote:
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFBAAFEA7C67DFE6B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">“The Indian track between San Sebastian and Atánquez is very heavy walking, owing to the steep ascents. Nearly all along the road are Indian huts and plantations, especially at Templado”</emphasis>
|
||
(op.cit.). Simons presented in one of his best known maps of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, a drawing of a horizontal section between San Sebastián and Atánquez including a vertical scale of the altitude (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFE20FE36C608FE33" author="Simons, F. A. A." box="[389,543,474,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="689 - 694" refId="ref7209" refString="Simons, F. A. A. (1879) Notes on the Topography of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, U. S. of Colombia. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1 (11), 689 - 694. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1800684" type="journal article" year="1879">Simons 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Godman and Salvin also included details of the collecting localities recorded by Simons in his paper as follows: ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD8FFE13C7FFFDA6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
|
||
San Sebastian is located on the south-western slope of the Sierra Nevada, with an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFEE0FDCEC58CFDFB" box="[325,411,546,572]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04216" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="ft" value="6700.0">6,700 ft</quantity>
|
||
(c.
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFE60FDCEC637FDFA" box="[453,544,546,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="m" value="2000.0">2,000 m</quantity>
|
||
) and Atánquez, is located in the south-eastern slope of the [Sierra] Nevada, six hours’ journey from Valle Dupar [sic] and an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFCB8FDAAC765FDA7" box="[797,882,582,608]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5344" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="ft" value="2800.0">2,800 ft</quantity>
|
||
(c.
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFC3EFDAAC7F7FDA6" box="[923,992,582,609]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.53" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="m" value="853.0">853 m</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFC5BFDAAC11BFDA7" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[1022,1292,582,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref6433" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1880) A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia, and the Vicinity. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 28 (3), 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1880. tb 02025. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Godman & Salvin 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite the uncertainties about the exact location of the type’s locality of origin, we do not believe it necessary to restrict the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA5FF8CFF32FD63C4D0FD6E" box="[151,199,655,681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, however, using the above information and Simons’ map which includes coordinates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFB7CFD62C17AFD6F" author="Simons, F. A. A." box="[1241,1389,654,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="689 - 694" refId="ref7209" refString="Simons, F. A. A. (1879) Notes on the Topography of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, U. S. of Colombia. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1 (11), 689 - 694. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1800684" type="journal article" year="1879">Simons 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) we made an estimate of the possible coordinates for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA5FF8CFD41FD5FC703FD0A" box="[740,788,691,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA5FF8CFCDBFD5EC7C7FD0B" box="[894,976,690,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[214,1382,195,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[204,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. a. Map showing the known collecting localities of C. lycurgus in Colombia. b. forest habitat in San Pedro de la Sierra, road to Las Lagunas at 2,600 m (F. Montero) c-d. live specimens of C. lycurgus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF62FD3AC749FB67" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
|
||
This century,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFEC6FD3BC629FD37" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[355,574,726,753]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFEC6FD3BC629FD37" box="[355,574,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded in elevations from
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFC51FD3AC045FD36" box="[1012,1106,726,753]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="m" value="2600.0">2,600 m</quantity>
|
||
up to
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFB38FD3AC0ECFD36" box="[1181,1275,726,753]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="m" value="3150.0">3,150 m</quantity>
|
||
(see non-type specimens) only in habitats in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFC2CFD16C7ECFCD3" box="[905,1019,762,788]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This time, precise coordinates of the habitats in which this species is found have been taken (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA5FF8CFD5BFCF2C758FCFF" box="[766,847,798,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[214,1382,195,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[204,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. a. Map showing the known collecting localities of C. lycurgus in Colombia. b. forest habitat in San Pedro de la Sierra, road to Las Lagunas at 2,600 m (F. Montero) c-d. live specimens of C. lycurgus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<date id="E904349BFFA5FF8CFCDAFCF3C003FCFF" box="[895,1044,798,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" value="2013-01">January 2013</date>
|
||
CP found a relatively large population at
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFF40FCAEC52DFC9B" box="[229,314,834,860]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="m" value="2700.0">2,700m</quantity>
|
||
on a ridge of the track leading from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFD72FCAEC75EFC9B" box="[727,841,834,860]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
|
||
to the Río Frío lagoons. It appears that the species is common in certain years since at least 20 relatively fresh individuals were registered flying in a short period of time. Two males and
|
||
<specimenCount id="8BBCD9D2FFA5FF8CFEEBFC67C5DBFC63" box="[334,460,906,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected along the way. Specimens were rarely observed ‘mud-puddling’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA5FF8CFACAFC66C4C5FC0E" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[214,1382,195,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[204,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. a. Map showing the known collecting localities of C. lycurgus in Colombia. b. forest habitat in San Pedro de la Sierra, road to Las Lagunas at 2,600 m (F. Montero) c-d. live specimens of C. lycurgus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Fig. 3c–d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although authors FM and CP have visited the area for fieldwork on various occasions, there are no observation of adult specimens feeding on flowers nor information on immature stages. This species has been observed flying from around 0800 until 1400 hours. It is found most often near the ecotone between páramo and montane forest, usually near the border of the forest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA5FF8CFD2BFBF6C6F5FBF2" box="[654,738,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[214,1382,195,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[204,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. a. Map showing the known collecting localities of C. lycurgus in Colombia. b. forest habitat in San Pedro de la Sierra, road to Las Lagunas at 2,600 m (F. Montero) c-d. live specimens of C. lycurgus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occasionally, some individuals were observed flying across open areas or flying in forest patches. Almost always, the males continue flying and will chase away other males of the same species from their perches. Adult males suddenly stop their wanderings and congregate over the foliage of prominent branches, a typical behaviour known as hill-topping.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="F4350BB0FFA5FF80FF32FB22C52CFD42" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA5FF8CFF32FB22C6C6FB2F" box="[151,721,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF32FB22C6C6FB2F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1230,2012]" box="[151,721,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<heading id="C64DA537FFA5FF8CFF32FB22C6C6FB2F" bold="true" box="[151,721,1230,1256]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF32FB22C6C6FB2F" bold="true" box="[151,721,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
|
||
Systematic relations among the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFDFBFB22C6C6FB2F" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[606,721,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFDFBFB22C6C6FB2F" bold="true" box="[606,721,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA5FF80FF62FB1FC52CFD42" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF62FB1FC051FA5B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1230,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFF62FB1FC5B5FACB" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[199,418,1266,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF62FB1FC5B5FACB" box="[199,418,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFD4DFB1FC7BFFACB" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[744,936,1266,1292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD4DFB1FC7BFFACB" box="[744,936,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Euterpe lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFC70FB1EC0EDFACB" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[981,1274,1266,1292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref6433" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1880) A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia, and the Vicinity. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 28 (3), 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1880. tb 02025. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Godman & Salvin (1880)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Since then, it has not been studied further, presumably due to a lack of specimens. Therefore, its relationship inside
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFA8CFAFBC18BFAF6" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[1321,1436,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFA8CFAFBC18BFAF6" box="[1321,1436,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unclear.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFEFCFAD6C5E4FA93" author="Talbot, G." box="[345,499,1338,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="1 - 320" refId="ref7566" refString="Talbot, G. (1932 - 1935) Pieridae I. In: Strand, E. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 53, 1 - 320." type="journal article" year="1932">Talbot (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFDDAFAD7C717FA93" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[639,768,1338,1365]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFDDAFAD7C717FA93" box="[639,768,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC45FAD7C127FA92" authority="(Boisduval, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[992,1328,1338,1365]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nimbice">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC45FAD7C04CFA93" box="[992,1115,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. nimbice</emphasis>
|
||
(Boisduval, 1836)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably due to the similarity of the dorsal wing pattern to
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD19FAB3C6E6FABF" box="[700,753,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. n.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFD52FAB2C04BFABF" authority="Godman & Salvin, 1889" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[759,1116,1374,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryson">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD52FAB2C754FABF" box="[759,835,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">bryson</emphasis>
|
||
Godman & Salvin, 1889
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the scheme of the ventral wing pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE3BFA6FC609FA5B" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[414,542,1410,1437]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE3BFA6FC609FA5B" box="[414,542,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is completely different from that of
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC13FA6FC051FA5B" box="[950,1094,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
|
||
C. n.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC57FA6EC055FA5B" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[1010,1090,1410,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryson">bryson</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF62FA4AC7E9F97A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1230,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFF62FA4AC599FA07" author="Reissinger, E." box="[199,398,1446,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="97 - 124" refId="ref7107" refString="Reissinger, E. (1972) Zur Taxonomie und Systematik der Gattung Catasticta Butler (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 82, 97 - 124." type="journal article" year="1972">Reissinger (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE5CFA4BC660FA07" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[505,631,1446,1473]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE5CFA4BC660FA07" box="[505,631,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC8BFA4BC7B6FA06" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[814,929,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC8BFA4BC7B6FA06" box="[814,929,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in the subgroup
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFB28FA4AC0F1FA07" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1165,1254,1446,1472]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nimbice">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB28FA4AC0F1FA07" box="[1165,1254,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">nimbice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFF32FA27C506FA23" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[151,273,1482,1509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nimbice">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF32FA27C506FA23" box="[151,273,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. nimbice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFEF3FA26C5BBFA23" box="[342,428,1482,1508]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE47FA27C71DFA22" authority="(Bates, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[482,778,1482,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE47FA27C67CFA23" box="[482,619,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
(Bates, 1864)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFCEBFA26C7D0FA23" box="[846,967,1482,1508]" name="Guatemala" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC5AFA27C07BFA23" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[1023,1132,1482,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryson">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC5AFA27C07BFA23" box="[1023,1132,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. bryson</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFB14FA26C139FA23" box="[1201,1326,1482,1508]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the latter ones being currently regarded as subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFD05FA03C70EF9CF" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[672,793,1518,1545]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nimbice">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD05FA03C70EF9CF" box="[672,793,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. nimbice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC83FA03C0A5F9CF" authority="Joicey & Talbot, 1918" authorityName="Joicey & Talbot" authorityYear="1918" box="[806,1202,1518,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC83FA03C7AFF9CF" box="[806,952,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
Joicey & Talbot, 1918
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFB50FA03C13FF9CE" box="[1269,1320,1519,1545]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(currently recognized as a subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE63F9FFC6D2F9EB" authorityName="Joicey & Talbot" authorityYear="1918" box="[454,709,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prioneris" subSpecies="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE63F9FFC6D2F9EB" box="[454,709,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. prioneris peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but most probably a valid species by its own);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFB68F9FFC533F997" authority="reducta Butler, 1896" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reducta" subSpecies="reducta">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB68F9FFC18AF9EB" box="[1229,1437,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. reducta reducta</emphasis>
|
||
Butler, 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFEC9F9DAC5DAF997" box="[364,461,1590,1616]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE7FF9DBC7C5F997" authority="Reissinger, 1972" authorityName="Reissinger" authorityYear="1972" box="[474,978,1590,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reducta" subSpecies="microperuviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE7FF9DBC71BF997" box="[474,780,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. reducta microperuviana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFCB0F9DAC7C5F997" author="Reissinger, E." box="[789,978,1590,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="97 - 124" refId="ref7107" refString="Reissinger, E. (1972) Zur Taxonomie und Systematik der Gattung Catasticta Butler (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 82, 97 - 124." type="journal article" year="1972">Reissinger, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFBBFF9DBC046F996" box="[1050,1105,1591,1617]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFBFBF9DBC4D8F9B3" authority="Butler, 1896" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reducta" subSpecies="boliviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFBFBF9DBC15FF997" box="[1118,1352,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. reducta boliviana</emphasis>
|
||
Butler, 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFEB6F9B6C57EF9B3" box="[275,361,1626,1652]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFED1F9B7C6E1F9B3" authority="Brown & Gabriel 1939" authorityName="Brown & Gabriel" authorityYear="1939" box="[372,758,1626,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="butleria">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFED1F9B7C5FAF9B3" box="[372,493,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. butleria</emphasis>
|
||
Brown & Gabriel 1939
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a valid subspecies, now generally treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFB51F9B7C4DBF95F" authorityName="Brown & Gabriel" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reducta" subSpecies="butleria">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB51F9B7C4DBF95F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. reducta butleria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFEBCF993C547F95E" box="[281,336,1663,1689]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFEFFF993C6C0F95F" authority="Lathy & Rosenberg 1912" authorityName="Lathy & Rosenberg" authorityYear="1912" box="[346,727,1662,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFEFFF993C5A3F95F" box="[346,436,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. seitzi</emphasis>
|
||
Lathy & Rosenberg 1912
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFCBBF992C787F95F" box="[798,912,1662,1688]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC3FF993C130F95F" authority="Brown & Gabriel 1939" authorityName="Brown & Gabriel" authorityYear="1939" box="[922,1319,1662,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossana">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC3FF993C037F95F" box="[922,1056,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. grossana</emphasis>
|
||
Brown & Gabriel 1939
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(currently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFF32F94FC56EF97B" authorityName="Brown & Gabriel" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,377,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="philone" subSpecies="grossana">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF32F94FC56EF97B" box="[151,377,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. philone grossana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFE63F94EC623F97B" box="[454,564,1698,1724]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFDCEF94FC769F97B" authority="Butler, 1896" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1896" box="[619,894,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapina">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFDCEF94FC6FBF97B" box="[619,748,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. sinapina</emphasis>
|
||
Butler, 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFC66F94FC7EDF97A" box="[963,1018,1699,1725]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF62F92AC6DFF88A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1230,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFF62F92AC636F927" author="Eitschberger, U. & Racheli, T." box="[199,545,1734,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="5 - 93" refId="ref6295" refString="Eitschberger, U. & Racheli, T. (1998) Catasticta studies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41, 5 - 93." type="journal article" year="1998">Eitschberger & Racheli (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in their subdivision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC8CF92BC78BF926" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[809,924,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC8CF92BC78BF926" box="[809,924,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in groups and subgroups based on the pattern designs on the hindwing underside, considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFD13F907C720F8C3" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[694,823,1770,1797]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD13F907C720F8C3" box="[694,823,1770,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inside the “
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC61F906C07BF8C3" box="[964,1132,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">aureomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
” group which included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFA26F907C4F1F8EF" baseAuthorityName="Dognin" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFA26F907C4F1F8EF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. incerta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFF51F8E3C660F8EE" authority="Joicey & Rosenberg, 1915" authorityName="Joicey & Rosenberg" authorityYear="1915" box="[244,631,1806,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF51F8E3C55CF8EF" box="[244,331,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. fulva</emphasis>
|
||
Joicey & Rosenberg, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFD0EF8E3C73DF8EF" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[683,810,1806,1833]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD0EF8E3C73DF8EF" box="[683,810,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the last including two subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB0FF8E3C0CEF8EF" box="[1194,1241,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. l.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFB7AF8E2C591F88B" authority="Lathy & Rosenberger, 1912" authorityName="Lathy & Rosenberger" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB7AF8E2C142F8EF" box="[1247,1365,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">lanceolata</emphasis>
|
||
Lathy & Rosenberger, 1912
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE19F8DFC5FBF88B" box="[444,492,1842,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. l.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE56F8DEC6D3F88A" authority="Fassl, 1915" authorityName="Fassl" authorityYear="1915" box="[499,708,1842,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolima">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE56F8DEC62CF88B" box="[499,571,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">tolima</emphasis>
|
||
Fassl, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF62F8BAC579F81B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1230,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFF62F8BAC610F8B7" author="Bollino, M. & Rodriguez, G." box="[199,519,1878,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="135 - 140" refId="ref6220" refString="Bollino, M. & Rodriguez, G. (2003) Dos nuevas Catasticta (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) de Antioquia (Colombia noroccidental, Suramerica). Lambillionea, 103 (1), 135 - 140." type="journal article" year="2003">Bollino & Rodríguez (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed these taxonomical combinations and removed the two subspecies from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFF32F897C50FF853" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,280,1914,1941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF32F897C4BDF852" box="[151,170,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF1CF896C50FF853" box="[185,280,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so revalidating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE72F897C678F853" authorityName="Lathy & Rosenberger" authorityYear="1912" box="[471,623,1914,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE72F897C5FDF852" box="[471,490,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE5CF896C678F853" box="[505,623,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">lanceolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a full species, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFCD3F897C7F7F853" authorityName="Fassl" authorityYear="1915" box="[886,992,1914,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolima">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFCD3F897C79EF852" box="[886,905,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC3DF896C7F7F853" box="[920,992,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">tolima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as its subjective synonym. Le Crom
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFA2DF897C4A3F87F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004) diagnosed it and sketched out its distribution. Finally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFCDDF873C00FF87F" author="Lamas, G." box="[888,1048,1950,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="1 - 439" refId="ref6690" refString="Lamas, G. (2004) Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol. 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 1 - 439." type="book chapter" year="2004">Lamas (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, recognised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFB03F873C130F87F" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[1190,1319,1950,1977]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB03F873C0AEF87E" box="[1190,1209,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB6DF872C130F87F" box="[1224,1319,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid monotypic species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C9C542D3FFA4FF8DFF32F874C6D7F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806002" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4806002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806002/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" startId="5.[151,250,1944,1968]" targetBox="[396,1191,181,1911]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA4FF8DFF32F874C6D7F813" blockId="5.[151,1437,1944,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA4FF8DFF32F874C53CF877" bold="true" box="[151,299,1944,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">FIGURE 1. a.</emphasis>
|
||
Original figure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA4FF8DFE4DF875C683F877" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[488,660,1944,1968]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA4FF8DFE4DF875C683F877" box="[488,660,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Euterpe lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA4FF8DFD75F874C7C3F877" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[720,980,1944,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref6433" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1880) A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia, and the Vicinity. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 28 (3), 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1880. tb 02025. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Godman & Salvin (1880)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA4FF8DFC78F874C7E6F877" bold="true" box="[989,1009,1944,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype, male specimen dorsal view and labels
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA4FF8DFF7CF850C4FDF813" bold="true" box="[217,234,1980,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">c.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view (B. Huertas, Trustees NHMUK).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C9C542D3FFA7FF8EFF32F87BC11FF813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4806008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806008/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="182" startId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[168,1420,196,1907]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA7FF8EFF32F87BC11FF813" blockId="6.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFF32F87BC505F868" bold="true" box="[151,274,1943,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
New male specimens known of
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFDF0F874C6D8F877" box="[597,719,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA7FF8EFDF0F874C6DBF877" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[597,716,1944,1968]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">C. lycurgus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFD71F874C6F1F877" bold="true" box="[724,742,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">a.</emphasis>
|
||
recently collected dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFB84F874C022F877" bold="true" box="[1057,1077,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">b.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view (M. Bollino)
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFAE4F874C145F877" bold="true" box="[1345,1362,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">c.</emphasis>
|
||
female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA7FF8EFF16F850C531F813" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[179,294,1980,2004]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFF16F850C531F813" box="[179,294,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrated for the first time, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFD63F850C6CCF813" bold="true" box="[710,731,1980,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">d.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view (C. Prieto)
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFC72F857C7F1F814" bold="true" box="[983,998,1979,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">f.</emphasis>
|
||
male genitalia (M. Bollino).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C9C542D3FFA6FF8FFF32F87CC019F802" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4806012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806012/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="183" startId="7.[151,250,1936,1960]" targetBox="[214,1382,195,1913]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA6FF8FFF32F87CC019F802" blockId="7.[151,1407,1936,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA6FF8FFF32F87CC53BF86F" bold="true" box="[151,300,1936,1960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="183">FIGURE 3. a.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the known collecting localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA6FF8FFCB9F87DC798F86F" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[796,911,1936,1960]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA6FF8FFCB9F87DC798F86F" box="[796,911,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="183">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Colombia.
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA6FF8FFB84F87CC022F86F" bold="true" box="[1057,1077,1936,1960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="183">b.</emphasis>
|
||
forest habitat in San Pedro de la Sierra, road to Las Lagunas at 2,600 m (F. Montero)
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA6FF8FFD0BF842C6C1F801" bold="true" box="[686,726,1966,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="183">c-d.</emphasis>
|
||
live specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA6FF8FFC31F842C01FF801" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[916,1032,1966,1990]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA6FF8FFC31F842C01FF801" box="[916,1032,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="183">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA9FF80FF62FF7BC52CFD42" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">
|
||
Despite what has been said, the systematic relationships between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FC3EFF7BC00EFF76" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[923,1049,151,177]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC3EFF7BC7B9FF76" box="[923,942,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC1FFF7BC00EFF76" box="[954,1049,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FA8CFF7BC18BFF76" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[1321,1436,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FA8CFF7BC18BFF76" box="[1321,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catasticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not yet clear. One of the criteria of classification established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FC2EFF57C0F4FF12" author="Eitschberger, U. & Racheli, T." box="[907,1251,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="5 - 93" refId="ref6295" refString="Eitschberger, U. & Racheli, T. (1998) Catasticta studies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41, 5 - 93." type="journal article" year="1998">Eitschberger & Racheli (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FA95FF57C183FF3E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">that “The design [on the hindwing underside] is complex and it is unlikely that it may be sustained only by convergence”</emphasis>
|
||
; for the same reason we could suppose that the similarity on the hindwing underside of two or more taxa cannot be supported by convergence, but indicates that, most likely, these taxa are phylogenetically related. Examining in detail the FW and HW morphology in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FDE1FEA7C6D3FEA2" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[580,708,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FDE1FEA7C6D3FEA2" box="[580,708,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FBB1FEA7C094FEA3" baseAuthorityName="Dognin" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1044,1155,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FBB1FEA7C094FEA3" box="[1044,1155,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. incerta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Females of both species are also very similar to each other. The chorology and altitudinal distribution of both species would also suggest that possibly a common ancestor is shared:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FD25FE7FC6E8FE6A" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[640,767,403,429]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FD25FE7FC6E8FE6A" box="[640,767,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found at Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta between
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA9FF80FAE5FE7FC4E5FE16" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.875" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="2875.0" valueMax="3150.0" valueMin="2600.0">2,600 to 3,150 m</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FE82FE5BC582FE17" baseAuthorityName="Dognin" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[295,405,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FE82FE5BC582FE17" box="[295,405,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. incerta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed from the Colombian Quindío southwards to northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA9FF80FB27FE5BC0A2FE16" box="[1154,1205,439,465]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
in a high elevational range between 1,700 and
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA9FF80FE16FE37C606FE32" box="[435,529,475,501]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="3000.0">3,000 m</quantity>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FD2FFE37C73DFE32" author="Padron, P. S." box="[650,810,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" refId="ref7013" refString="Padron, P. S. (2014) Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Catasticta Butler, 1870 [dissertation]. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 156 pp." type="book" year="2014">Padrón (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FC48FE37C07BFE32" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[1005,1132,475,501]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC48FE37C07BFE32" box="[1005,1132,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among the studied species, he subsequently managed to obtain good DNA sequences from freshly collected specimens and his results indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FF6CFDCFC55DFDFA" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[201,330,547,573]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FF6CFDCFC55DFDFA" box="[201,330,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be the sister clade of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FD18FDCFC76FFDFB" baseAuthorityName="Hopffer" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[701,888,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pieris">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FD18FDCFC76FFDFB" box="[701,888,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catasticta pieris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC35FDCFC7EAFDFB" box="[912,1021,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">eurigania</emphasis>
|
||
complex and would instead have no relationship with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FE26FDABC642FDA6" authorityName="Brown & Gabriel" authorityYear="1939" box="[387,597,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontina">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FE26FDABC642FDA6" box="[387,597,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catasticta frontina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FCA1FDABC755FDA7" box="[772,834,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FCECFDABC7CEFDA6" author="Padron, P. S." box="[841,985,583,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" refId="ref7013" refString="Padron, P. S. (2014) Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Catasticta Butler, 1870 [dissertation]. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 156 pp." type="book" year="2014">Padrón 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FBEBFDABC0AAFDA7" baseAuthorityName="Dognin" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1102,1213,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FBEBFDABC0AAFDA7" box="[1102,1213,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. incerta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is included (Padrón et al.
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FF70FD87C53CFD43" box="[213,299,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">in prep.</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA9FF80FF32FD5FC644FD0B" box="[151,595,690,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA9FF80FF32FD5FC644FD0B" blockId="8.[151,1437,690,1581]" box="[151,595,690,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">
|
||
<heading id="C64DA537FFA9FF80FF32FD5FC644FD0B" bold="true" box="[151,595,690,717]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FF32FD5FC644FD0B" bold="true" box="[151,595,690,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">
|
||
Remarks on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FE95FD5FC5A3FD0A" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[304,436,690,717]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FE95FD5FC5A3FD0A" bold="true" box="[304,436,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conservation
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA9FF80FF62FD3BC015F9EA" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA9FF80FF62FD3BC50DFC0E" blockId="8.[151,1437,690,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">
|
||
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is considered one of the most important centres of endemism and is also well known for the presence of endangered species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FD09FD17C7A0FCD2" author="Stattersfield, A. J. & Crosby, M. J. & Long, A. J. & Wege, D. C." box="[684,951,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" refId="ref7391" refString="Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M. J., Long, A. J. & Wege, D. C. (1998) Endemic bird areas of the world. Priorities for biodiversity conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge, 846 pp." type="book" year="1998">
|
||
Stattersfield
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC99FD17C762FCD2" box="[828,885,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FC64FD17C087FCD2" author="Alvear, M. & Ocampo, G. & Parra-O., C. & Carbono, E. & Almeda, F." box="[961,1168,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref6013" refString="Alvear, M., Ocampo, G., Parra-O., C., Carbono, E. & Almeda, F. (2014) Melastomataceae of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia): Floristic affinities and annotated catalogue. Phytotaxa, 195 (1), 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 195.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Alvear
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FBB1FD17C05AFCD2" box="[1044,1101,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which makes this area of special importance for conservation. This isolated Andean mountain has been one of the national protected areas or National Parks (PNN) of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA9FF80FE71FCAFC655FC9A" box="[468,578,835,861]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
since 1964, and was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1979 (whc. unesco.org). The Sierra Nevada is one of the Key Biodiversity Areas for Conservation (KBA, keybiodiversityareas. org) and one of the Alliance for Zero Extinction sites (AZE, zeroextinction.org) vital for preventing global species extinctions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA9FF80FF62FC3FC793FB66" blockId="8.[151,1437,690,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">
|
||
Patterns of highly restricted distribution and endemism have been observed for butterflies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FB45FC3FC180FC2A" author="Takahashi, M." box="[1248,1431,979,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="13 - 25" refId="ref7521" refString="Takahashi, M. (1976) A list of Pieridae, collected in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the vicinity, Colombia, South America. Bulletin of the Japan Entomological Academy, 10 (1), 13 - 25." type="journal article" year="1976">Takahashi 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FF32FC1BC525FBD6" author="Shapiro, A. M." box="[151,306,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="161 - 170" refId="ref7137" refString="Shapiro, A. M. (1979) Notes on the behavior and ecology of Reliquia santamarta, an Alpine butterfly (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, with comparisons to Nearctic Alpine Pierini. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 14 (2 / 3), 161 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650527909360552" type="journal article" year="1979">Shapiro 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FE9AFC1BC670FBD6" author="Adams, M. & Bernard, G." box="[319,615,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="263 - 281" refId="ref5955" refString="Adams, M. & Bernard, G. (1977) Pronophiline butterflies (Satyridae) of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Systematic Entomology, 2 (4), 263 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1977. tb 00376. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Adams and Bernard 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FDD1FC1BC710FBD6" author="Adams, M." box="[628,775,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="235 - 320" refId="ref5900" refString="Adams, M. (1986) Pronophiline butterflies (Satyridae) of the three Andean Cordilleras of Colombia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 87 (3), 235 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1986. tb 01338. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Adams 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Attal and Crosson du Cormier 1996;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FB1AFC1BC4C5FBF2" author="Torres-Nunez, R. & Le Crom, J. F. & Garcia Sarmiento, M. J." pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="191 - 210" refId="ref7598" refString="Torres-Nunez, R., Le Crom, J. F. & Garcia Sarmiento, M. J. (1999) Lista y comentarios biogeograficos sobre las especies del genero Catasticta Butler en Colombia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). In: Amat, G. D., Andrade, M. G. & Fernandez, F. (Eds.), Insectos de Colombia. Volumen II. Academia colombiana de Ciencias exactas, fisicas y naturales, Bogota, pp. 191 - 210." type="book chapter" year="1999">
|
||
Torres-Nuñez
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FAC7FC1BC18AFBD6" box="[1378,1437,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Llorente-Bousquets & Le Crom, 2004), and this is especially true for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FC5FFBF7C07AFBF2" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[1018,1133,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC5FFBF7C07AFBF2" box="[1018,1133,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catasticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several butterflies are restricted to this mountain including four species of
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FD76FBD3C729FB9E" box="[723,830,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catastica</emphasis>
|
||
that can be found flying along an altitudinal gradient ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA9FF80FE94FB8FC5FCFBBA" box="[305,491,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="2500.0" valueMax="3400.0" valueMin="1600.0">1,600 to 3,400m</quantity>
|
||
, for example
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FD27FB8FC7F8FBBA" box="[642,1007,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rochereaui" subSpecies="laurentina">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FD27FB8FC7F8FBBA" box="[642,1007,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catasticta rochereaui laurentina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FC58FB8FC54CFB66" authority="(Eitschberger & Racheli, 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Eitschberger & Racheli" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chrysolopha" subSpecies="adamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC58FB8FC0E8FBBA" box="[1021,1279,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. chrysolopha adamsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FAA8FB8FC544FB66" author="Eitschberger, U. & Racheli, T." pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="5 - 93" refId="ref6295" refString="Eitschberger, U. & Racheli, T. (1998) Catasticta studies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41, 5 - 93." type="journal article" year="1998">Eitschberger & Racheli, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FEC2FB6BC6D0FB66" authority="Brown, 1933" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1933" box="[359,711,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flisa" subSpecies="postaurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FEC2FB6BC639FB67" box="[359,558,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. flisa postaurea</emphasis>
|
||
Brown, 1933
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FD58FB6BC76AFB66" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[765,893,1159,1185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FD58FB6BC76AFB66" box="[765,893,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA9FF80FF62FB47C015F9EA" blockId="8.[151,1437,690,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">
|
||
Notably, several new butterfly taxa have been discovered in the last century in the Santa Marta Mountains (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FF32FB23C5B0FB2E" author="Adams, M. & Bernard, G." box="[151,423,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="263 - 281" refId="ref5955" refString="Adams, M. & Bernard, G. (1977) Pronophiline butterflies (Satyridae) of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Systematic Entomology, 2 (4), 263 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1977. tb 00376. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Adams & Bernard 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FE17FB23C66FFB2E" author="Steinhauser, S. R." box="[434,632,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref7441" refString="Steinhauser, S. R. (2002) Five new species of Dalla from Colombia and Ecuador (Hesperiidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 56 (1), 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="2002">Steinhauser 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FD26FB23C710FB2E" author="Prieto, C." box="[643,775,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref7048" refString="Prieto, C. (2011) The genus Micandra Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) in Colombia, with the description of a new species from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Zootaxa, 3040 (1), 55 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3040.1.7" type="journal article" year="2011">Prieto 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FCB6FB23C0ADFB2E" author="Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Le Crom, J." box="[787,1210,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="276 - 280" refId="ref6792" refString="Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Le Crom, J. (2013) Descripcion de dos nuevos Dismorphiini (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) con reflexiones del endemismo en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 39 (2), 276 - 280." type="journal article" year="2013">Llorente-Bousquets & Le Crom 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FB60FB23C19BFB2E" author="Henao, E. R. & Carneiro, E. & Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M." box="[1221,1420,1230,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="59 - 73" refId="ref6558" refString="Henao, E. R., Carneiro, E., Mielke, O. H. H. & Casagrande, M. M. (2015) Taxonomic notes on Wahydra Steinhauser (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Anthoptini) with description of four new species. Zootaxa, 4040 (1), 59 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4040.1.5" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Henao
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FAB0FB23C151FB2E" box="[1301,1350,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but no other specimens of this elusive species have been found or at least, are not recorded in accessible collections. Although various researchers and university students have made other studies on butterflies in the Sierra, very few have been published (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FE61FAD7C66FFA92" author="Takahashi, M." box="[452,632,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="119 - 127" refId="ref7478" refString="Takahashi, M. (1971) Butterfly fauna of the Santa Marta Mountains, northern Colombia, South America. Shizuoka Daigaku Chigaku Kenkyu Hokoku [Geological Reports of Shizuoka University], 2 (2), 119 - 127." type="journal article" year="1971">Takahashi 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FD23FAD7C6D6FA92" author="Takahashi, M." box="[646,705,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="13 - 25" refId="ref7521" refString="Takahashi, M. (1976) A list of Pieridae, collected in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the vicinity, Colombia, South America. Bulletin of the Japan Entomological Academy, 10 (1), 13 - 25." type="journal article" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FD6BFAD7C776FA92" author="Adams, M." box="[718,865,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="699 - 718" refId="ref5855" refString="Adams, M. (1973) Ecological zonation and the butterflies of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Journal of Natural History, 7 (6), 699 - 718. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937300770601" type="journal article" year="1973">Adams 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FCCAFAD7C114FA92" author="Montero-Abril, F. & Ortiz-Perez, M." box="[879,1283,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref6886" refString="Montero-Abril, F. & Ortiz-Perez, M. (2010) Descripcion de los estados inmaduros de Morpho rhodopteron nevadensis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Morphinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 20 (2), 73 - 78." type="journal article" year="2010">Montero-Abril & Ortiz-Pérez 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FAB5FAD7C4C3FABE" author="Ochoa, J. A. & Escorcia, K. & Duran, J. A. & Prieto, C." pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="320 - 326" refId="ref6928" refString="Ochoa, J. A., Escorcia, K., Duran, J. A. & Prieto, C. (2018) Population structure of Morpho rhodopteron, Godman & Salvin (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) an endemic butterfly from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 72 (4), 320 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.18473 / lepi. 72 i 4. a 10" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Ochoa
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FAC7FAD7C182FA92" box="[1378,1429,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The re-discovery of this species means that although scarce and rare,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FC57FAB3C065FABE" authorityName="Huertas & Prieto & Montero & Adams & Crom & Bollino & Correa-Carmona & Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[1010,1138,1375,1401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC57FAB3C065FABE" box="[1010,1138,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not yet extinct as it was feared, as little is known about its biology, its host plant and its conservation status. Its particular habitats in the Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5F7EDCB9FFA9FF80FF45FA4BC521FA06" box="[224,310,1447,1473]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
de Santa Marta might be affected by human intervention mainly by agriculture and localised fires and potentially by changes in climate; therefore, a dedicated monitoring programme for the populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FA8CFA27C4E1F9CE" baseAuthorityName="Godman & Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FA8CFA27C4E1F9CE" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catasticta lycurgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is urgently needed to protect this species and make use of it as an umbrella species also to protect other endemic and unknown fauna inhabitants of the Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5F7EDCB9FFA9FF80FD51F9FFC75DF9EA" box="[756,842,1555,1581]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
de Santa Marta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |