497 lines
81 KiB
XML
497 lines
81 KiB
XML
<document id="BBCFAA93DAF11CDECDB31ABE1F714558" ID-CLB-Dataset="4001" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5052.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7b8357f6-c264-4dac-8909-ab7d60319003" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572169" ID-ZooBank="FED635BA-B982-400E-B920-1DBA22025EA9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634301472568" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fernandez, Julio C. C., Gastaldi, Marianela, Zapata-Hernández, Germán, Pardo, Luis M., Thompson, Fabiano L. & Hajdu, Eduardo" docDate="2021" docId="15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5052.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5052 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="357" masterDocId="E9394F18FF8BF67E6506FFAAFF8CFFD3" masterDocTitle="New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges" masterLastPageNumber="379" masterPageNumber="353" pageNumber="356" updateTime="1699460067043" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A0B606CF24D62BD34EF89F3101D71463">New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EBCB6E8F33AEC5EB8DC0789BF21ED089" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AF08A89803745F49A6ADEE5EEB55FF1D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B3FC063BB7B613E1120C30908E4050ED">Fernandez, Julio C. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B384095669076EAD76267744693CBD42">Laboratório Taxonomia de Porifera (TAXPO), Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Quinta da Boa Vista, s / n, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="10FAA11AC9D93528F08CC0E3FABF3539">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="579D300E6BFDBC40978736585B948A6C">Gastaldi, Marianela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4C9BD84207A26E0CFCEA8BE86357D457" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2494-0166</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="ED796032FD8BCDAE6FE5C08C2A411808">Laboratório Taxonomia de Porifera (TAXPO), Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Quinta da Boa Vista, s / n, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. & Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue. San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina. marianelagastaldi @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2494 - 0166</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A375CB234915283130DD3A09CCEA688F" type="email">marianelagastaldi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="51EAB05BBA87CBE437CEE81DEFAB2F16">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6004C9188913E5E881104F5F5E2B9BE8">Zapata-Hernández, Germán</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5D0DCFECD4CD741ECC4763EA721AE4DE">Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte. Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="114597F96529A2B633D466CBACB6793D">Pardo, Luis M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A312F51FB6940043203129430AF84192">Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile. Valdivia, Chile, P. O. Box 5090000.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5B3037EFE730E7D378AF5B6B76CFBDB0">Thompson, Fabiano L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1915EB9FEFA9464D33E7B13D255C98D0">Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio; Ilha do fundão, Caixa postal 68011, CEP 21944 - 970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A27010BE98BCE5A533B6E757FA638CFD">Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D650C26E513EDC3C2C4F3E96A76127FF" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8760-9403</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="4DE8AF1C2AAC2CECD7CC4907799C2518">Laboratório Taxonomia de Porifera (TAXPO), Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Quinta da Boa Vista, s / n, 20940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. & eduardo. hajdu @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8760 - 9403</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="63991B280D8BE4766FEA94AB7AF19ED1" type="email">eduardo.hajdu@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="AA46F36E16C0AC583ECCDDBACDE8D0BE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="39955EDD47969EE15183016E51858B5A">
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<mods:date id="0D832DCB6C27EE7F17D6663551B53BCA">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A03C661015915DB983063AA2DC57F14E">2021-10-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="17E76A55E00EEEA9D5AE419E7E07C9AB">5052</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="ECFD565EEFDACD57FCD9A2FBE9468628" type="CLB-Dataset">4001</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8E81ED5E90D91A5E2FE0FA086828607F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5052.3.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572181" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189005002" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572181" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
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<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF88F67D6591FDCDFE3BFD76" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D6591FDCDFBACFD52" blockId="3.[151,1056,615,677]" box="[151,1056,615,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
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<heading id="C65E311AFF88F67D6591FDCDFBACFD52" bold="true" box="[151,1056,615,642]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6591FDCDFBACFD52" bold="true" box="[151,1056,615,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
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<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF88F67D6591FDCDFC39FD52" ID-CoL="8RVQ2" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,949,615,642]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiloensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6591FDCDFF6EFD51" bold="true" box="[151,226,615,642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Crella</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D65F5FDCDFEDEFD51" bold="true" box="[243,338,615,642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Pytheas</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6465FDCDFE50FD51" bold="true" box="[355,476,615,642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">chiloensis</emphasis>
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||
Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF88F67D66C4FDCDFBACFD52" box="[962,1056,615,641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D6591FD21FE3BFD76" blockId="3.[151,1056,615,677]" box="[151,439,651,677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
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(
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<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF88F67D6599FD21FE91FD76" box="[159,285,651,677]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-1="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Measurements in micrometer (µm) of spicules of Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum– average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness. For chelae microscleres only length is provided." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF8DF6786591FF3DFB31FF24" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" tableUuid-0="C9D6D6FEFF8DF6786591FF3DFB31FF24" tableUuid-1="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D642FFD21FE23FD76" box="[297,431,651,677]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId-0="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId-1="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Figures 2–3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF88F67D6591FD67FA87FC6C" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D6591FD67FC37FD34" blockId="3.[151,1437,716,2039]" box="[151,955,716,743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
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<materialsCitation id="2DC18C2BFF88F67D6591FD67FC3AFD34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387218313" box="[151,950,716,743]" country="Chile" latitude="-42.194992" location="Metalqui" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.14436" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6591FD67FEBAFD35" bold="true" box="[151,310,716,743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
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<typeStatus id="421238D4FF88F67D6591FD67FF5EFD34" box="[151,210,717,743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Isla
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<location id="9876D0ADFF88F67D646AFD66FE58FD35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6:9876D0ADFF88F67D646AFD66FE58FD35" box="[364,468,716,742]" country="Chile" latitude="-42.194992" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.14436" name="Metalqui" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Metalqui</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF88F67D64D9FD66FD90FD35" box="[479,540,716,742]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Chile</collectingCountry>
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(-
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<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF88F67D6737FD67FD6CFD34" box="[561,736,717,743]" degrees="42.19499194" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" precision="1" value="-42.194992">42.19499194 S</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF88F67D67F2FD66FC23FD34" box="[756,943,716,743]" degrees="74.14436500" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" precision="1" value="-74.14436">74.14436500 W</geoCoordinate>
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)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D65C1FD5AFA87FC6C" blockId="3.[151,1437,716,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D65C1FD5AFE3EFCD9" bold="true" box="[199,434,752,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2DC18C2BFF88F67D64BCFD5AFA14FCFD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387218301" collectingDate="2012-11-15" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="L. M. Pardo & Fragment" country="Chile" elevation="15" latitude="-42.194992" location="Metalqui" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.14436" municipality="Western Chiloe Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" specimenCode="IZUA-POR 170, MNRJ 16993" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="421238D4FF88F67D64BCFD5AFDAEFCD9" box="[442,546,752,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6724FD5BFDB2FCD8" bold="true" box="[546,574,753,779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">—</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="CD0F2E0DFF88F67D6738FD5BFD79FCD8" box="[574,757,753,779]" collectionCode="IZUA-POR" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">IZUA-POR 170</specimenCode>
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||
, Isla
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<location id="9876D0ADFF88F67D6635FD5AFC17FCD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6:9876D0ADFF88F67D6635FD5AFC17FCD9" box="[819,923,752,778]" country="Chile" latitude="-42.194992" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.14436" municipality="Western Chiloe Island" name="Metalqui" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Metalqui</location>
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,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="7D721C0CFF88F67D66A1FD5BFB29FCD9" box="[935,1189,752,779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Western Chiloé Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF88F67D61B4FD5AFB63FCD9" box="[1202,1263,752,778]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Chile</collectingCountry>
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(-
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<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF88F67D6003FD5BFF24FCFC" degrees="42.19499194" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" precision="1" value="-42.194992">42.19499194 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF88F67D65BDFCBEFEF8FCFC" box="[187,372,788,815]" degrees="74.14436500" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" precision="1" value="-74.14436">74.14436500 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="16846145FF88F67D6480FCBEFD89FCFD" box="[390,517,788,815]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="m" value="15.0">
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<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D6480FCBEFE32FCFC" box="[390,446,788,815]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="305CE3A0FF88F67D6740FCBFFD44FCFD" box="[582,712,788,815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">L.M. Pardo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E917A0B6FF88F67D67D4FCBEFC35FCFC" box="[722,953,788,815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" value="2012-11-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F953595EFF88F67D67D4FCBEFC35FCFC" box="[722,953,788,815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" value="2012-11-15">
|
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15
|
||
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|
||
November 2012
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="305CE3A0FF88F67D66C4FCBFFBA1FCFC" box="[962,1069,789,815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fragment</collectorName>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF88F67D6157FCBEFB3FFCFD" box="[1105,1203,788,814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
under
|
||
<specimenCode id="CD0F2E0DFF88F67D61F9FCBFFA14FCFD" box="[1279,1432,788,815]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">MNRJ 16993</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2DC18C2BFF88F67D6591FC93FD4CFCA4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387218311" collectingDate="2012-11-10" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="L. M. Pardo" country="Chile" county="Chiloe Island" elevation="15" latitude="-41.920856" location="Punihuil" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.04114" municipality="Cocotue bay" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" specimenCode="MNRJ 16989" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF88F67D6591FC93FE88FC80" box="[151,260,825,851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6402FC93FEACFC80" bold="true" box="[260,288,825,851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">—</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="CD0F2E0DFF88F67D6426FC93FE33FC81" box="[288,447,824,851]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">MNRJ 16989</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="9876D0ADFF88F67D64C8FC92FDBCFC81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6:9876D0ADFF88F67D64C8FC92FDBCFC81" box="[462,560,824,850]" country="Chile" county="Chiloe Island" latitude="-41.920856" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.04114" municipality="Cocotue bay" name="Punihuil" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Puñihuil</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7D721C0CFF88F67D6738FC93FD5CFC81" box="[574,720,824,851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Cocotue bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="7477FEFAFF88F67D67D9FC92FCF0FC81" box="[735,892,824,850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Chiloé Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF88F67D668DFC92FC44FC81" box="[907,968,824,850]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(-
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF88F67D66E7FC92FB18FC80" box="[993,1172,824,851]" degrees="41.92085694" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" precision="1" value="-41.920856">41.92085694 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF88F67D61AAFC92FAE5FC80" box="[1196,1385,824,851]" degrees="74.04113500" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" precision="1" value="-74.04114">74.04113500 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="16846145FF88F67D6086FC92FF7BFCA5" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="m" value="15.0">
|
||
<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D6086FC92FF21FCA4" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="305CE3A0FF88F67D6439FCF7FE49FCA5" box="[319,453,860,887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">L.M. Pardo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E917A0B6FF88F67D64D5FCF7FD4CFCA4" box="[467,704,860,887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" value="2012-11-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F953595EFF88F67D64D5FCF7FD4CFCA4" box="[467,704,860,887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" value="2012-11-10">
|
||
10
|
||
<superScript id="6ADC2B3EFF88F67D64E9FCF6FE70FCB9" attach="left" box="[495,508,860,874]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">th</superScript>
|
||
November 2012
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2DC18C2BFF88F67D67C8FCF7FC2DFC48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387218309" collectingDate="2012-11-16" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="L. M. Pardo" country="Chile" elevation="15" latitude="-41.988003" location="Duhatao" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.05453" municipality="Chiloe Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" specimenCode="MNRJ 16996" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="CD0F2E0DFF88F67D67C8FCF7FCE7FCA5" box="[718,875,860,887]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">MNRJ 16996</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="9876D0ADFF88F67D667EFCF6FC56FCA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6:9876D0ADFF88F67D667EFCF6FC56FCA5" box="[888,986,860,886]" country="Chile" latitude="-41.988003" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.05453" municipality="Chiloe Island" name="Duhatao" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Duhatao</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7D721C0CFF88F67D66EEFCF6FB0FFCA5" box="[1000,1155,860,886]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Chiloé Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF88F67D6197FCF6FB42FCA5" box="[1169,1230,860,886]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(-
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF88F67D61E3FCF6FA1BFCA4" box="[1253,1431,860,887]" degrees="41.98800306" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" precision="1" value="-41.988003">41.98800306 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF88F67D6598FC2AFEDBFC48" box="[158,343,896,923]" degrees="74.05453000" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" precision="1" value="-74.05453">74.05453000 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="16846145FF88F67D646DFC2AFE66FC49" box="[363,490,896,923]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="m" value="15.0">
|
||
<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D646DFC2AFE2FFC48" box="[363,419,896,923]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="305CE3A0FF88F67D672AFC2BFD22FC49" box="[556,686,896,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">L.M. Pardo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E917A0B6FF88F67D67BFFC2AFC2DFC48" box="[697,929,896,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" value="2012-11-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F953595EFF88F67D67BFFC2AFC2DFC48" box="[697,929,896,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" value="2012-11-16">
|
||
16
|
||
<superScript id="6ADC2B3EFF88F67D67D3FC2AFD6EFC5D" attach="left" box="[725,738,896,910]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">th</superScript>
|
||
November 2012
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2DC18C2BFF88F67D66ADFC2BFA8BFC6C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387218308" collectingDate="2012-11-15" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="L. M. Pardo" country="Chile" elevation="15" latitude="-41.194992" location="Metalqui" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.14436" municipality="Western Chiloe Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" specimenCode="MNRJ 17002" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="CD0F2E0DFF88F67D66ADFC2BFBC9FC48" box="[939,1093,897,923]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">MNRJ 17002</specimenCode>
|
||
, Isla
|
||
<location id="9876D0ADFF88F67D6178FC2AFB6AFC49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6:9876D0ADFF88F67D6178FC2AFB6AFC49" box="[1150,1254,896,922]" country="Chile" latitude="-41.194992" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.14436" municipality="Western Chiloe Island" name="Metalqui" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Metalqui</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7D721C0CFF88F67D61F6FC2BFF52FC6D" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Western Chiloé Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF88F67D65ECFC0EFEABFC6D" box="[234,295,932,958]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(-
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF88F67D643AFC0FFE67FC6C" box="[316,491,933,959]" degrees="41.19499194" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" precision="1" value="-41.194992">41.19499194 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF88F67D64F9FC0EFD34FC6C" box="[511,696,932,959]" degrees="74.14436500" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" precision="1" value="-74.14436">74.14436500 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="16846145FF88F67D67CAFC0EFCC1FC6D" box="[716,845,932,959]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="m" value="15.0">
|
||
<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D67CAFC0EFC89FC6C" box="[716,773,932,959]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="305CE3A0FF88F67D6696FC0FFB9FFC6D" box="[912,1043,932,959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">L.M. Pardo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E917A0B6FF88F67D6118FC0EFA8BFC6C" box="[1054,1287,932,959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" value="2012-11-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F953595EFF88F67D6118FC0EFA8BFC6C" box="[1054,1287,932,959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" value="2012-11-15">
|
||
15
|
||
<superScript id="6ADC2B3EFF88F67D613CFC0EFBCBFC61" attach="left" box="[1082,1095,932,946]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">th</superScript>
|
||
November 2012
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF88F67D65C1FC62FBCAFBF8" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D65C1FC62FBCAFBF8" blockId="3.[151,1437,716,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D65C1FC62FECEFC31" bold="true" box="[199,322,968,994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF88F67D648BFC62FDC4FC30" authority="" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1890" box="[397,584,968,995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pytheas">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D648BFC62FE58FC31" box="[397,468,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Crella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D64E1FC62FDCCFC31" box="[487,576,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Pytheas</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Pacific being thickly encrusting to massive, reddish orange in life, with tornotes (120–188/3.2–7.5 µm), three categories of acanthostyles (choanosomal, I. 120–165/6–14 µm and II. 88–118/5.5–11 µm; ectosomal, 52–95/4–9 µm) and arcuate isochelae (13–19.5 µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF88F67A65C1FB9EFB89FE7E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D65C1FB9EFB8CFAD1" blockId="3.[151,1437,716,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D65C1FB9EFED5FB9D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1076,1102]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Habit thickly encrusting or irregularly massive and lobate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D66FBFB9EFB08FB9C" box="[1021,1156,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Figs. 2A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF88F67D619FFB9EFB77FB9D" box="[1177,1275,1076,1102]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in life, 14 (L) x 8 (W) x
|
||
<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D640AFBF3FEC8FBA0" box="[268,324,1113,1139]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
(H),
|
||
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF88F67D6487FBF3FE6DFBA0" box="[385,481,1113,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
in life (MNRJ 16989), 14 (L) x 11 (W) x
|
||
<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D66BBFBF3FB86FBA0" box="[957,1034,1113,1139]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="cm" value="3.7">3.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
(H) and
|
||
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF88F67D6176FBF2FB5EFBA1" box="[1136,1234,1112,1138]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
preserved, 10 (L) x 6 (W) x
|
||
<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D6417FBD7FEC6FB44" box="[273,330,1149,1175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
(H). Surface irregular, slightly corrugated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D663AFBD6FC1AFB44" box="[828,918,1148,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), with thin, strongly adhered membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D6069FBD6FF31FB68" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oscula small, scattered (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D64EBFB0AFDCAFB68" box="[493,582,1184,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pores very small and grouped in pore sieves, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D6193FB0AFB61FB68" box="[1173,1261,1184,1211]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, in preservative (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D6434FB6EFE06FB0C" box="[306,394,1220,1247]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subectosomal channels very slender, scarce. Consistency firm, but compressible. Texture slightly rough. Color reddish-orange in life and beige in preserved specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D65C1FAA6FF62F904" blockId="3.[151,1437,716,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D65C1FAA6FEB9FAF5" bold="true" box="[199,309,1292,1318]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
Plumoreticulate architecture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D6787FAA6FD55FAF4" box="[641,729,1292,1319]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ectosomal region with several tornotes in vertical arrangement and in bouquets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D645BFA9AFE3AFA98" box="[349,438,1328,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
), usually protruding up to 80 µm above the surface. Beneath the surface (subectosomal region) thick tracts of tornotes (ca. 100–150 µm thick) run towards spongin fibers coring them at the choanosome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D65A6FAD2FF77FA40" box="[160,251,1400,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Acanthostyles (ectosomal category) in tangential to paratangential arrangement at the ectosome and subectosome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D643FFA36FE1FFA64" box="[313,403,1436,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Choanosomal region with spongin fibers (up to 180 µm thick) strongly echinated by two categories of choanosomal acanthostyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D676BFA6AFD73FA08" box="[621,767,1472,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Figs. 3B, 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some choanosomal acanthostyles occurring into the fibers too. Spongin fibers are more frequent in the choanosomal region than the ectosomal and subectosomal regions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D65A6F9A2FF76F9F0" box="[160,250,1544,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). A basal layer of erect choanosomal acanthostyles echinates the substrate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D616FF9A2FB4AF9F0" box="[1129,1222,1544,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). All categories of acanthostyles (ectosomal and choanosomal) are distinguished by size (length and width) and patterns of spination. Several tornotes, choanossomal acanthostyles and arcuate isochelae occur scattered throughout the choanosomal region. Furthermore, arcuate isochelae and a few ectosomal acanthostyles occur around channels as well. In spongin there are rounded subectosomal (ca. 250 µm longer length) and choanosomal channels (up to 2000 µm longer length).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67A65C1F94AFB89FE7E" blockId="3.[151,1437,716,2039]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,150,430]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D65C1F94AFEBCF929" bold="true" box="[199,304,1760,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Megascleres (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF88F67D64D3F94AFDD9F928" box="[469,597,1760,1787]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-1="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Measurements in micrometer (µm) of spicules of Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum– average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness. For chelae microscleres only length is provided." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF8DF6786591FF3DFB31FF24" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" tableUuid-0="C9D6D6FEFF8DF6786591FF3DFB31FF24" tableUuid-1="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Tornotes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D67D8F94AFC20F928" box="[734,940,1760,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Figs. 3E–F, 3K–L</figureCitation>
|
||
) straight and usually smooth, some formed as aniso-tornotes or with a few small spines, tips mucronate, lanceolate, conical to asymmetrical; juvenile forms slender and smooth: 120–
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D64C3F883FE63F890" box="[453,495,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">155</emphasis>
|
||
(11.6)–188/3.2–
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D67A8F883FD5DF890" box="[686,721,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">5.7</emphasis>
|
||
(0.9)–7.5 µm. Choanosomal acanthostyles I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D61EAF882FA03F890" box="[1260,1423,1832,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Figs. 3G, 3M</figureCitation>
|
||
), largest category of acanthostyles, straight to slightly curved, not fully spined, blunt bases (no tyle), tips usually acerate; spines small (up to 3 µm high), concentrated at the bases; spines from the axis slightly bent towards the base and usually absent on the apical fourth; juvenile forms slender, with smaller and straight spines: 120–
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D605BF83FFA10F87C" box="[1373,1436,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">152.3</emphasis>
|
||
(14) –195/6–
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D642EF813FEC8F800" box="[296,324,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">10</emphasis>
|
||
(1.4)–14 µm. Choanosomal acanthostyles II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D6647F812FC59F800" box="[833,981,1976,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Figs. 3H, 3N</figureCitation>
|
||
), intermediate category of acanthostyles, almost fully spined; spines also more concentrated at the bases; juvenile forms, slender, with smaller and straighter spines: 88–
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A641CFF3DFEC8FF62" box="[282,324,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">102</emphasis>
|
||
(7.4)–118/5.5–
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A64F3FF3DFD94FF62" box="[501,536,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">8.8</emphasis>
|
||
(1)–11 µm. Ectosomal acanthostyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF8FF67A66DDFF3DFBE0FF62" box="[987,1132,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Figs. 3I, 3O</figureCitation>
|
||
), the smallest category of acanthostyles, slightly curved to slightly sinuous, axis with regular diameter and fully spined, blunt bases (no tyle), tips conical to acerate; spines small (up to 3 µm high), straight and uniformly distributed; juvenile forms, slender with several smaller and thinner spines: 52–
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6782FEA8FD39FECF" box="[644,693,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">75.6</emphasis>
|
||
(7)–95/4–
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A662CFEA8FCC1FECF" box="[810,845,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">6.3</emphasis>
|
||
(1.1)–9 µm. Acanthoxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF8FF67A6178FEA9FB40FECE" box="[1150,1228,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
, in the right), rare, patter of spination (fully spined) closer to the ectosomal acanthostyles: average of 85/8 µm (n = 3). Microscleres (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF8FF67A6599FEE1FE90FEB6" box="[159,284,331,357]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-1="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Measurements in micrometer (µm) of spicules of Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum– average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness. For chelae microscleres only length is provided." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF8DF6786591FF3DFB31FF24" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" tableUuid-0="C9D6D6FEFF8DF6786591FF3DFB31FF24" tableUuid-1="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Arcuate isochelae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF8FF67A6702FEE1FD0AFEB6" box="[516,646,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Figs. 3J, 3P</figureCitation>
|
||
) in one size category, axis curved in the middle, alae slightly elongated and rounded; relatively short distance between opposite alae, less than 1/3 of maximum chelae length; juvenile forms with slender axis and smaller alae (reduced alae): 13–
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A663FFE38FCD9FE7F" box="[825,853,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">16</emphasis>
|
||
(1.3)–19.5 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="C9D6D6FEFF8FF67A6591FA3BFB72F9C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" startId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" targetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D168676FF8FF67A6591FA3BFB72F9C6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1425,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6591FA3BFE98FA7A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1425,1449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8FF67A641AFA3BFC5CFA7A" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[284,976,1425,1449]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiloensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A641AFA3BFED0FA7A" box="[284,348,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Crella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A646DFA3BFE37FA7A" box="[363,443,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Pytheas</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A64CDFA3BFDBCFA7A" box="[459,560,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">chiloensis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A673EFA3BFC5CFA7A" bold="true" box="[568,976,1425,1449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A66C9FA3BFBA1FA7A" bold="true" box="[975,1069,1425,1449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF8FF67A66DDFA3BFBA1FA7A" box="[987,1069,1425,1449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: type material in life and preserved (
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A65A6FA1FFF42FA1E" bold="true" box="[160,206,1461,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">A–F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A65E7FA1FFF7FFA1E" bold="true" box="[225,243,1461,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">A</emphasis>
|
||
, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170).
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6621FA1FFCB4FA1E" bold="true" box="[807,824,1461,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">B</emphasis>
|
||
, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989).
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6591FA73FF49FA22" bold="true" box="[151,197,1497,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">C–F</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6650FA73FCFDFA22" bold="true" box="[854,881,1497,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">C)</emphasis>
|
||
, a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A607DFA73FA01FA22" bold="true" box="[1403,1421,1497,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">D</emphasis>
|
||
), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6705FA57FD98F9C6" bold="true" box="[515,532,1533,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">E</emphasis>
|
||
) and pore sieves (
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A67CBFA57FD50F9C6" bold="true" box="[717,732,1533,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">F</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bars:
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6661FA57FC14F9C6" bold="true" box="[871,920,1533,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
= 1 cm;
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A66EAFA57FB90F9C6" bold="true" box="[1004,1052,1533,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">D–E</emphasis>
|
||
= 1 mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6179FA57FB02F9C6" bold="true" box="[1151,1166,1533,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">F</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF8FF67A65C1F9EEFE1FF952" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D168676FF8FF67A65C1F9EEFE1FF952" blockId="4.[151,1437,1603,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A65C1F9EEFEA0F98D" bold="true" box="[199,300,1604,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens grew over hard bottom covered by calcareous algae and barnacle.
|
||
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF8FF67A6195F9E9FB77F98E" box="[1171,1275,1603,1629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF8FF67A6037F9EEFA10F98D" box="[1329,1436,1604,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
with polychaete tubes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF8FF67A65C1F921FB1FF975" box="[199,1171,1675,1702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D168676FF8FF67A65C1F921FB1FF975" blockId="4.[151,1437,1603,2025]" box="[199,1171,1675,1702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A65C1F921FEEDF976" bold="true" box="[199,353,1675,1701]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Provisionally endemic to western Chiloé Island (Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF8FF67A66F1F921FBBAF976" box="[1015,1078,1675,1701]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF8FF67A6144F921FB0EF975" box="[1090,1154,1675,1702]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-31@2.[151,1435,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of collection points. A, southern South America and arrow pointing to 1—off Santa Cruz province, Argentina Sea. B, Desventuradas Archipelago and arrow pointing to 2—San Ambrosio Island. C, Chiloé Island and Corcovado Gulf showing zoomed out to D (arrows ponting to 3—Puñihuil, Cocotue bay, 4—Duahatao and 5—Metalqui Island) and zoomed in to E (arrow pointing to 6—Rada Negra, Palvitad fjord). Scale bars: A = 500 km; B = 10 km; C = 20 km; D–E = 5km. Map from Google Earth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572171/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF8FF67A65C1F91AFF7CF93E" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D168676FF8FF67A65C1F91AFF7CF93E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1603,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A65C1F91AFEC2F919" bold="true" box="[199,334,1712,1738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name ‘chiloensis’ is a reference to Chiloé Island, where the
|
||
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF8FF67A6125F91AFBDFF919" box="[1059,1107,1712,1738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the new species is located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF8FF67B65C1F952FE49FEB6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9D168676FF8FF67B65C1F952FE49FEB6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1603,2025]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A65C1F952FEB7F8C1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1784,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Five species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8FF67A64E8F95DFD29F8C1" authority="" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1890" box="[494,677,1783,1810]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pytheas">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A64E8F95DFDB9F8C2" box="[494,565,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Crella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6742F95DFD11F8C2" box="[580,669,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Pytheas</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur in the Pacific Ocean, four of them from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF8FF67A61ACF952FAB3F8C2" box="[1194,1343,1783,1810]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and one from Hawaii (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF8FF67A6437F8B1FE04F8E5" box="[305,392,1819,1846]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" tableUuid="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8FF67A649DF8B1FBCEF8E6" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[411,1090,1819,1846]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiloensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A649DF8B1FE6EF8E6" box="[411,482,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Crella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A64F7F8B6FD8AF8E6" box="[497,518,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6712F8B1FD08F8E6" box="[532,644,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">chiloensis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A678CF8B6FBCEF8E6" bold="true" box="[650,1090,1819,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6144F8B1FB2AF8E5" bold="true" box="[1090,1190,1819,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF8FF67A614BF8B6FB2AF8E5" box="[1101,1190,1820,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is set apart from these Pacific species as well as from all other known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8FF67A6623F895FCE0F88A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[805,876,1855,1881]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6623F895FCE0F88A" box="[805,876,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Crella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A667AF8EAFC01F88A" box="[892,909,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">P</emphasis>
|
||
.) due to the combination of three categories of acanthostyles (two choanosomal and one ectosomal) and small size of megascleres (tornotes up to 188/7.5 µm, larger choanosomal acanthostyles up to 195/14 µm, smaller choanosomal acanthostyles up to 118/11 µm and ectosomal acanthostyles up to 95/9 µm). Three categories of acanthose megascleres are also present in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8FF67A61CAF801FA9FF816" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1228,1299,1963,1989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A61CAF801FA9FF816" box="[1228,1299,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Crella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6027F806FABAF816" box="[1313,1334,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">P.</emphasis>
|
||
) species, but the tangential layer of acanthose megascleres of them is composed by acanthoxeas rather than acanthostyles, that separates them from the new species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF8EF67B6738FF3DFD19FF62" box="[574,661,151,177]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="5" pageNumber="358" tableUuid="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Although a few acanthoxeas were observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8EF67B61B7FF3DFDDFFF07" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="358" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiloensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B61B7FF3DFB74FF62" box="[1201,1272,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">Crella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B600EFF3DFA91FF63" box="[1288,1309,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B602AFF3DFA10FF62" box="[1324,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">chiloensis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B6591FF11FDDFFF07" bold="true" box="[151,595,186,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B6755FF10FD34FF06" bold="true" box="[595,696,186,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF8EF67B6759FF11FD34FF06" box="[607,696,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="358" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, they are interpreted as a variation of ectosomal acanthostyles due to the similar dimensions, pattern of spination and position in the skeleton. A few acanthoxeas are also present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8EF67B6591FEA9FDA5FECE" authority="Alander, 1937" authorityName="Alander" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,553,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="358" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="jaegerskioeldi" subGenus="Pytheas">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B6591FEA9FF3DFECE" box="[151,177,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">C.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B65C7FEA9FF5AFECF" box="[193,214,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B65E3FEA9FE08FECE" box="[229,388,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">jaegerskioeldi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF8EF67B648DFEA9FDA5FECE" author="Alander, H." box="[395,553,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="358" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref15620" refString="Alander, H. (1937) Sponges from the Trondheimsfjord and AdjacentWaters. Part II. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger, 10 (19), 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1937">Alander, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and have been mentioned in its original description as a variation of ectosomal acanthostyles as well, since such acanthoxeas occur among the ectosomal acanthostyles in the tangential layer (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF8EF67B6599FEE1FEEBFEB6" author="Alander, H." box="[159,359,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="358" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref15620" refString="Alander, H. (1937) Sponges from the Trondheimsfjord and AdjacentWaters. Part II. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger, 10 (19), 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1937">Alander 1937: 72</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF8EF67B6475FEE1FE34FEB6" box="[371,440,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |