197 lines
17 KiB
XML
197 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57127ecf-70b4-42ab-80a8-db5c6970cc3a" ID-PMC="PMC4023268" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-405-1" ID-PubMed="24843275" ID-ZBK="0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-405-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 405" ModsDocTitle="Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)" checkinTime="1451245943323" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio & Shaw, Scott Richard" docDate="2014" docId="0E7A1E9D5B3864BB78E7C2600533444E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 405: 1-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 405" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402" docTitle="Aleiodes tzantza Shimbori & Shaw, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="9351F3F9-1AE2-4940-BC7B-CF592B3DBD2A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="FF8C5F2CC211FFCEFFD5A74443758641" masterDocTitle="Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1668158296605" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shaw, Scott Richard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>405</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>81</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-405-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052791" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9351F3F9-1AE2-4940-BC7B-CF592B3DBD2A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E7A1E9D5B3864BB78E7C2600533444E" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9351F3F9-1AE2-4940-BC7B-CF592B3DBD2A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes tzantza" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tzantza">Aleiodes tzantza</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="68" pageNumber="69">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 111-113
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="description of holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Female (holotype). Body length 5.0 mm; antenna length 5.8 mm; fore wing length 5.0 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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Color. Dorsally dark brown to black, except head; laterally and ventrally mostly yellowish to whitish. Head honey yellow; mandibles, cheeks, and palp whitish, but teeth brown; black stain dorsally, from ocellar triangle through occiput mid-dorsally. Mesosoma black dorsally; pronotum and propleuron whitish, but mid-dorsally pronotum dark brown; mesopleuron honey yellow; metapleuron black. Legs mostly
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<pageBreakToken pageId="69" pageNumber="70" start="start">yellowish</pageBreakToken>
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, darkening toward apex, from whitish coxa to light brown, tarsi and dark brown claws. Metasoma dark brown dorsally, apex lightening behind T3, ventrally whitish; ovipositor sheaths dark brown. Wings weakly infuscate, veins brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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Head. Antenna with 42 segments, flagellomeres roughly 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, apical flagellomere with short
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“bottle-nipple”">"bottle-nipple"</normalizedToken>
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-shaped apex; malar space moderate, length 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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basal width of mandible, and 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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eye height; in dorsal view eye height 2.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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temple; occipital carina incomplete dorsally, otherwise well defined, reaching hypostomal carina; oral space small and circular, maximum width slightly smaller than basal width of mandible; clypeus not swollen;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ocell–ocular">ocell-ocular</normalizedToken>
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distance 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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diameter of lateral ocellus; maxillary palp not swollen. Head surface sculpturing finely granulate, vertex sculpturing coarser, face with irregular transverse rugosity concentrated near toruli, occiput smooth and shining.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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Mesosoma. Sculpturing mostly finely granulate; propodeum
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<normalizedToken originalValue="rugose–granulate">rugose-granulate</normalizedToken>
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, with complete mid-longitudinal carina; notauli anteriorly, narrow, posteriorly indicated by carina and meeting in front of scutellar sulcus; mesiscutum mid-posterior area depressed and granular, posterior margin of mesoscutum bordered with complete carina; scutellar sulcus with short median carina.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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Wings. Fore wing: stigma 3.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than high; vein r 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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vein 2RS, as long as vein RS+Mb, and 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as vein m-cu; vein 3RSa about 0.45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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vein 3RSb, and as long as vein 2M; vein 1CUa 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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vein 1cu-a; vein 1CUb 2.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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vein 1CUa; vein 1M evenly slightly curved. Hind wing: m-cu indicated as short fold, interstitial to r-m; M+CU 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1M; vein 1M 1.45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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vein r-m; RS smoothly curved at middle; vein 2-1A present as a short stub.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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Legs. Hind tibia without comb of modified setae; tarsal claw simple, with a comb of thin bristles medially; hind basitarsus about 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than inner apical spur on hind tibia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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Metasoma. T1-T3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="rugose–striated">rugose-striated</normalizedToken>
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with granulate background; remainder terga granulate; mid longitudinal carina complete from T1 throughout T2, absent on T3; ovipositor sheaths about as long as hind tarsomere II; T1 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than its apical width.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Paratype variation. Very similar to holotype, but with 41 antennomeres.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Male unknown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mummy. Length 9.0-10.0 mm, abdomen black, head, thorax, legs, and prolegs light pale brown, thorax compact and wrinkled, anal prolegs largely extended posteriorly, glue hole located ventrally on the thorax, exit hole irregular, located postero-dorsally, posterior to hind abdominal prolegs.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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Type-locality: ECUADOR, Napo Province, Yanayacu Biological Station, YY-48320,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.59833336">S00°35.9'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.89">W77°53.4'</geoCoordinate>
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, 2163 m, cloud forest, June 5, 2010.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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Type-specimen: Holotype female and mummy, point mounted separately. Top label: "ECUADOR: Napo Prov. / Yanayacu Biological Station /
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.59833336">S00°35.9'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.89">W77°53.4'</geoCoordinate>
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2163m / REARED / (hand written) 48320"; back (hand written): "May 2010 / 5-May-2010". (UWIM)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Paratype, female, same locality as holotype, August 14, 2005, reared YY-5189. (UWIM)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="70" pageNumber="71" start="start">Biology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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The holotype was reared from a mummified larva collected on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Palicourea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Palicourea ulloana" order="Gentianales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ulloana">Palicourea ulloana</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Rubiaceae" lsidName="Rubiaceae" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
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). The sampling date is listed in the database as May 12, 2010, and the adult emergence date is listed as May 5, 2010, so clearly one of these dates must be incorrect. Since this caterpillar record is nested within a large group of other caterpillar records also collected on May 12, 2010, it seems most likely that the emergence date was recorded incorrectly. Since the pupation date is assigned as May 18, 2010, this also corroborates that the emergence date could not possibly have been May 5, 2010. It seems most likely that the emergence month was recorded incorrectly and perhaps the actual emergence date was June 5, 2010. The holotype host is probably a
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<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" lsidName="" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
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due to similarity with the paratype mummy, which is possibly conspecific, identified as a
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<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" lsidName="" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
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. The host plant for the paratype is unknown, and it is not possible to determine if the holotype host caterpillar fed or not on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Palicourea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Palicourea ulloana" order="Gentianales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ulloana">Palicourea ulloana</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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This species belongs to circumscriptus/gastritor species group.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes tzantza" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tzantza">Aleiodes tzantza</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
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, from which it can be distinguished by the larger ocelli:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ocell–ocular">ocell-ocular</normalizedToken>
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distance about half diameter of lateral ocelli (1.5 to 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
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), and the color of mesopleuron entirely yellow (dark brown at least dorsally in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes tzantza" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tzantza">Aleiodes tzantza</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. mummies are very similar to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
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, but the projecting anal prolegs are much longer in this species, and the body is distinctly longer. Its short
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ocell–ocullar">ocell-ocullar</normalizedToken>
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distance is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes speciosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">Aleiodes speciosus</taxonomicName>
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, from which it differs by having the mesopleuron surface granular (mostly smooth with anterior quarter rugose in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes speciosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">Aleiodes speciosus</taxonomicName>
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) and entirely honey yellow (anterior 1/4 black in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes speciosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">Aleiodes speciosus</taxonomicName>
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), pronotum whitish laterally (mostly dark brown in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes speciosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">Aleiodes speciosus</taxonomicName>
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), and metasomal terga all dark brown (first tergite white in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes speciosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">Aleiodes speciosus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Tzantza”">"Tzantza"</normalizedToken>
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is the Shuar word for the ritual of reducing heads by a mummification process used by the Shuar, a people native from the current Ecuadorian Amazon territory, resulting in a shrunken mummy as the ones produced by the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleiodes</taxonomicName>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |