178 lines
27 KiB
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178 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="56D7ED7F3EC35FF01DBADBB789F360BD" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FF8AFFF2FF57FA7DFF1FFF26" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tripneustes gratilla" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="22E5225FBDD82FCD724A0217AD28649D">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A1785AF95AF20C9257403C31EB7B6D4B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B0BEFB9C769A8831D8CCAAD65994A339">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="924FEC1F47CEF207089D30A61E7DA099">Griffiths, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="59D8363067BCFD28D38E28FFA11CED95">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B1FBCA4A21B34513FFE237EEA7F7AC96">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="3048221A23C11BABFF3C4200E61C0CD7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FF8AFFF2FF57FA7DFF1FFF26" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022843" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022843" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8AFFF2FF57FA7DFF1FFF26" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FF8AFFF2FF57FA7DFF1FFF26" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8AFFF1FF57FA7DFEE3F9D5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8AFFF1FF57FA7DFD93F9F7" blockId="45.[151,602,1514,1574]" box="[151,602,1514,1540]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0A0818AFF8AFFF1FF57FA7DFD93F9F7" bold="true" box="[151,602,1514,1540]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8AFFF1FF57FA7DFD93F9F7" ID-CoL="58YW5" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,602,1514,1540]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Tripneustes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gratilla">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FF57FA7DFD93F9F7" bold="true" box="[151,602,1514,1540]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FF57FA7DFE4AF9F7" bold="true" box="[151,387,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Tripneustes gratilla</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FE52FA7DFD9BF9F7" author="Linnaeus" box="[402,594,1514,1540]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8AFFF1FF57F99AFEE3F9D5" blockId="45.[151,602,1514,1574]" box="[151,298,1549,1574]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FF57F99AFF2FF9D5" box="[151,230,1549,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="46.[151,250,910,932]" captionTargetBox="[365,1246,269,886]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[340,1247,267,888]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 51. Tripneustes gratilla. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 27886)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843429/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
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A–C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8AFFF1FF57F9C1FC0FF934" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8AFFF1FF57F9C1FC0FF934" blockId="45.[151,1436,1621,1735]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8AFFF1FF57F9C1FC0FF934" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8AFFF1FF57F9C1FD99F998" ID-CoL="58YW5" authority=": H. L. Clark, 1912: 286" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="286" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,592,1621,1643]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Tripneustes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gratilla">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FF57F9C1FE96F998" box="[151,351,1621,1643]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Tripneustes gratilla</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FEACF9C1FD99F998" author="Clark" box="[364,592,1621,1643]" page="286" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1912">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FEACF9C1FDD4F998" author="Clark" box="[364,541,1621,1643]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Clark, H. L. (1912) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. The Pedinidae, Phymosomatidae, Stomopneustidae, and Echinometridae." type="book" year="1912">H.L. Clark, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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: 286
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 313–314;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FD01F9C1FC6CF998" author="Clark" box="[705,933,1621,1643]" page="387" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FD01F9C1FCBBF998" author="Clark" box="[705,882,1621,1643]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 387
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FC70F9C1FB57F998" author="Clark" box="[944,1182,1621,1643]" page="124" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FC70F9C1FBA5F998" author="Clark" box="[944,1132,1621,1643]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
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: 124
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</treatmentCitation>
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–125;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FB1DF9C1FF26F979" author="Mortensen" page="500" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1943">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FB1DF9C1FA51F998" author="Mortensen" box="[1245,1432,1621,1643]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen, 1943a</bibRefCitation>
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: 500
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</treatmentCitation>
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–508. Pls. XXXIII.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FE00F9E3FDD4F979" box="[448,541,1652,1674]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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, Pls. XXXIV.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FD7BF9E3FCE9F979" box="[699,800,1652,1674]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-2="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-3="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-4="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-4="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs. 2–6</figureCitation>
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, Pls. XXXV.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FC74F9E3FBD1F979" box="[948,1048,1652,1674]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-1="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
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, Pls. XXXVII.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FB00F9E3FAEDF979" box="[1216,1316,1652,1674]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FAF3F9E3FAA1F979" box="[1331,1384,1652,1674]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStart-4="FIGURE 8" captionStart-5="FIGURE 9" captionStart-6="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionStartId-4="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionStartId-5="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionStartId-6="15.[151,250,846,868]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-1="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-2="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetBox-3="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetBox-4="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetBox-5="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetBox-6="[368,1245,198,821]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetId-3="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetId-4="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-5="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetId-6="figure@15.[340,1247,195,824]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-4="13" captionTargetPageId-5="14" captionTargetPageId-6="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-4="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." captionText-6="FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843347/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">4–10</figureCitation>
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, Pls. XXXVIII.
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FEF5F905FE5CF95B" box="[309,405,1682,1704]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
|
||
, Pls LVI.
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FE38F905FD88F95B" box="[504,577,1682,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1808,1830]" captionTargetBox="[369,1245,1218,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[340,1247,1217,1787]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843349/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FD8BF905FC77F95B" author="Clark" box="[587,958,1682,1704]" page="234" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FD8BF905FC45F95B" author="Clark" box="[587,908,1682,1704]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Clark, A. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 234
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FC08F905FB6FF95B" author="Richmond" box="[968,1190,1682,1704]" page="298" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FC08F905FBBAF95B" author="Richmond" box="[968,1139,1682,1704]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Richmond, M. D. (1997) A Guide to the Seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, 448 pp." type="book" year="1997">Richmond, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 298
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Samyn, 2003: 210,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FAB4F905FF1CF934" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
G;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FF33F926FE23F934" author="Branch" box="[243,490,1713,1735]" page="234" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FF33F926FE70F934" author="Branch" box="[243,441,1713,1735]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. (2010) Two Oceans: a Guide to the Marine Life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 456 pp." type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Branch
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FE83F925FEA6F934" box="[323,367,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 234
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 105.5;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FDA9F926FCE3F934" author="Schultz" box="[617,810,1713,1735]" page="275" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FDA9F926FD30F934" author="Schultz" box="[617,761,1713,1735]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 275
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Figs 527–533.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8AFFF1FF57F979FAC1F884" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8AFFF1FF57F979FECEF8D8" blockId="45.[151,1436,1774,2022]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FF57F979FE44F8F4" bold="true" box="[151,397,1774,1799]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8AFFF1FE3EF979FD9AF8F4" box="[510,595,1774,1799]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="53-02-22">022253</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9404AB05FF8AFFF1FDABF979FD00F8F4" box="[619,713,1774,1799]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A22254" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="EnaNcbi">A22254</accessionNumber>
|
||
; A23084; MBC-A023324; MBC-A077884; A7015; MBC- A077883.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8AFFF1FF07F8ADFAC1F884" blockId="45.[151,1436,1774,2022]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FF07F8ADFEB9F8A0" bold="true" box="[199,368,1850,1875]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Identification.</emphasis>
|
||
Test small, hemispherical with circular outline. Spines short, thin. Denuded test creamish, pores lighter; primary spines variable in color, may be orange, purplish or whitish; secondaries white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8AFFF2FF07F812FF1FFF26" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8AFFF1FF07F812FC86F86D" blockId="45.[151,1436,1774,2022]" box="[199,847,1925,1950]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FF07F812FE1BF86D" bold="true" box="[199,466,1925,1950]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum test diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8AFFF1FD2BF812FC82F86D" box="[747,843,1925,1950]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="145.0">145 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8AFFF1FF07F83DFC42F815" blockId="45.[151,1436,1774,2022]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FF07F83DFE7DF830" bold="true" box="[199,436,1962,1987]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Global distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
East and South coasts of South Africa, from central Japan to Australia and from Norfolk Islands to Hawaii; littoral to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8AFFF1FE18F85AFDD8F815" box="[472,529,1997,2022]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FDE1F859FD15F815" author="Clark" box="[545,732,1997,2022]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Clark, H. L. (1912) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. The Pedinidae, Phymosomatidae, Stomopneustidae, and Echinometridae." type="book" year="1912">H.L. Clark 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FD28F85AFCB6F815" author="Schultz" box="[744,895,1997,2022]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF89FFF2FF07FF00FF1FFF26" blockId="46.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FF07FF00FE53FF43" bold="true" box="[199,410,151,176]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF89FFF2FE65FF0EFDD1FF43" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1912" box="[421,536,151,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Tripneustes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gratilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FE65FF0EFDD1FF43" box="[421,536,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">T. gratilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF89FFF2FD78FF0EFC7BFF43" authorityName=": Mortensen" authorityYear="1904" box="[696,946,151,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Toxopneustes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pileolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FD78FF0EFC7BFF43" box="[696,946,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Toxopneustes pileolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its naked, dark median zones and test color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |