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<document id="9EBC563B8445EA861EC690E6136A5EF3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3957.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cce31970-05a8-4d3e-b727-2efac5c4f4f9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="243146" ID-ZooBank="E19B5C42-F9CD-4123-8138-249C3CBEEFC7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461060656996" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kubendran, T., Balasubramanian, C., Selvakumar, C., Gattolliat, J. L. &amp; Sivaramakrishnan, K. G." docDate="2015" docId="03FE87D163520859FF38FF4BDC74FA77" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03957p200.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3957 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nigrobaetis paramakalyani Kubendran &amp; Balasubramanian, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="195" masterDocId="FFC7FFA96357085EFFAFFFD3DD79FF88" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of Tenuibaetis Kang &amp; Yang 1994, Nigrobaetis Novikova &amp; Kluge 1987 and Labiobaetis Novikova &amp; Kluge 1987 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from the Western Ghats (India)" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="188" pageNumber="193" updateTime="1698582100768" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B20B1BFFE6CB06A8D84FB1A96DF3CF25">Contribution to the knowledge of Tenuibaetis Kang &amp; Yang 1994, Nigrobaetis Novikova &amp; Kluge 1987 and Labiobaetis Novikova &amp; Kluge 1987 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from the Western Ghats (India)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9264A87D67D3FB3127BDB16616FFEA51">Kubendran, T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B72F0D713DF83A75C78F7B3F8F828DE6">Balasubramanian, C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="95DBAD28D29D46B88F3A0FBDD6959A6E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="85C00156F15268679AB7B2A7C093DB3A">
<mods:roleTerm id="994C93061E320EF1DBA46610953E4D71">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AC9BA089FA1C56D969B0E23B3FBA64AF">Selvakumar, C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8E0B6CF2ED9A6898D858D30EF671BA1C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2CDFE57C32F58725E2B72EF59985F872">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B82C43EF298EE049E9BB7E850899D1B1">Gattolliat, J. L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1BD6C74B10A44B01A6F1917F881E83A2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6E87AFB6CD379079910381FEF100DB74">
<mods:roleTerm id="188BBC88AD592D894946758B5A687F10">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="172C356E137DAD2BC8060CAB1EDC9638">Sivaramakrishnan, K. G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="28CB911ED4857F6DD7B7D75A2F718AC1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BA0F168EBB78844DF1A995E57B2AE8EC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E3BB33E9AA15EDD915BB318FB0DD9A3E">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="80FBDC183265C583C9339CA4B3440791" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FCE2ADBDA8E5A7DE558CE1505F297DE4">3957</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FE87D163520859FF38FF4BDC74FA77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6113277" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119614174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6113277" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87D163520859FF38FF4BDC74FA77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87D163520859FF38FF4BDC74FA77" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">
<subSubSection id="C34D654C6352085BFF38FF4BDC62FF5B" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE836C76352085BFF38FF4BDEB0FF3A" blockId="5.[151,969,152,211]" box="[151,969,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">
<heading id="D0A081AB6352085BFF38FF4BDEB0FF3A" bold="true" box="[151,969,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B923EAD56352085BFF38FF4BDEB0FF3A" bold="true" box="[151,969,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D446352085BFF38FF4BDE06FF3A" authority="Kubendran &amp; Balasubramanian" authorityName="Kubendran &amp; Balasubramanian" box="[151,895,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramakalyani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923EAD56352085BFF38FF4BDC99FF3A" bold="true" box="[151,480,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">Nigrobaetis paramakalyani</emphasis>
Kubendran &amp; Balasubramanian
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21057AE6352085BFC29FF4BDEB0FF3A" box="[902,969,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836C76352085BFF38FF69DC62FF5B" blockId="5.[151,969,152,211]" box="[151,283,186,211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">
<figureCitation id="136C2A426352085BFF38FF69DC62FF5B" box="[151,283,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStart-1="FIGURES 33 – 39" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox-0="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetBox-1="[363,1215,191,1266]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[355,1231,181,1278]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." captionText-1="FIGURES 33 – 39. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">Figs. 22–39</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D654C63520859FF38FED1DCE9FEEB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE836C76352085BFF38FED1DEE0FEEE" blockId="5.[151,1437,258,574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B923EAD56352085BFF38FED1DCFCFE93" bold="true" box="[151,389,258,283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54EC88656352085BFE31FED1DF72FE93" box="[414,523,258,283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male larva,
<collectingCountry id="F34076576352085BFD13FED0DE77FE93" box="[700,782,259,283]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">INDIA</collectingCountry>
, Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli, Sivasailam, Gadana river,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6350006352085BFF38FEF9DDC3FEBC" box="[151,186,294,322]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" precision="925" value="-0.13333334">
0
<geoCoordinate id="EE6350006352085BFF09FEF9DDC3FEBC" box="[166,186,294,322]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" precision="1" value="8.788064">8o</geoCoordinate>
</geoCoordinate>
47’17.03”N,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6350006352085BFEE1FEF9DC8EFECA" box="[334,503,294,322]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" precision="1" value="77.34709">77o20’49.51”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CAF9B226352085BFDACFEF9DF35FEC9" box="[515,588,298,322]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="104.0">104 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFE910076352085BFDF6FEFADFADFECA" box="[601,724,297,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" value="2012-06-28">28.vi.2012</date>
. Colls. C. Balasubramanian, T. Kubendran and C. Selvakumar.
<typeStatus id="54EC88656352085BFF38FE9DDC70FEEE" box="[151,265,334,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D51FD4E6352085BFEBCFE9EDC24FEEE" box="[275,349,333,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" type="male">5 male</specimenCount>
larvae and
<specimenCount id="9D51FD4E6352085BFE4FFE9DDF38FEEE" box="[480,577,333,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" type="female">8 female</specimenCount>
larvae, same data as
<typeStatus id="54EC88656352085BFC80FE9EDEECFEEE" box="[815,917,333,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836C76352085BFF68FEA2D854FDB6" blockId="5.[151,1437,258,574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B923EAD56352085BFF68FEA2DC0DFE02" bold="true" box="[199,372,369,394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">Mature Larva</emphasis>
. Maximal length: Body 4.0 mm; cerci 3.0 mm; terminal filament shorter in female than in male. Coloration: Head yellowish-brown, antennae light yellow; prothorax brownish, mesothorax and metathorax light brown, legs light brown with a dark brown band on femora; abdominal tergites II, III and V to VII medium brown, generally with three medioproximal ecru spots; tergites I and IX uniformly ecru to light brown; tergites IV and VIII ecru with two medioproximal brown spots; tergite X ecru proximally and brown distally (
<figureCitation id="136C2A426352085BFA99FDD2D8E9FD92" box="[1334,1424,513,538]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Abdominal sternites light brown (
<figureCitation id="136C2A426352085BFDBEFDF6DF1CFDB6" box="[529,613,549,574]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Cerci ecru to light brown with two median dark brown bands.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF28664F6352085BFF38F88FDD81F838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" targetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BE836C76352085BFF38F88FDD81F838" blockId="5.[151,1436,1884,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B923EAD56352085BFF38F88FDC36F8F9" bold="true" box="[151,335,1884,1907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">FIGURES 22–32</emphasis>
. Larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C574D446352085BFE6FF88FDFA1F8FA" box="[448,728,1884,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramakalyani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923EAD56352085BFE6FF88FDFA1F8FA" box="[448,728,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">Nigrobaetis paramakalyani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21057AE6352085BFD4EF88EDE64F8FA" box="[737,797,1885,1906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B923EAD56352085BFD4EF88EDE64F8FA" bold="true" box="[737,797,1885,1906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="193">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF28664F63510858FF38FAC0D912FAC0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="194" targetBox="[363,1215,191,1266]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BE836C763510858FF38FAC0D912FAC0" blockId="6.[151,1435,1299,1352]" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563510858FF38FAC0DC36FAA0" bold="true" box="[151,335,1299,1322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">FIGURES 33–39</emphasis>
. Larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463510858FE6DFAC0DFA2FAA1" box="[450,731,1299,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramakalyani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563510858FE6DFAC0DFA2FAA1" box="[450,731,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Nigrobaetis paramakalyani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21057AE63510858FD4BFAC7DE59FAA1" box="[740,800,1300,1321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="194" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563510858FD4BFAC7DE59FAA1" bold="true" box="[740,800,1300,1321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE836C763510858FF68FAA7D918F8E8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1396,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563510858FF68FAA7DC7EFA05" bold="true" box="[199,263,1396,1421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Head</emphasis>
: Distal lobe of antennal scape absent (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263510858FD4DFAA7DE44FA05" box="[738,829,1396,1421]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
). Labrum (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263510858FC6AFAA7D966FA05" box="[965,1055,1396,1421]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
): rounded with an anteromedial emargination, dorsally with three long simple stout setae in the distal half; subapical row of feathered setae on anterior margin; ventral surface with two kinds setae on distal margin: 8 to 10 lateral ones long and divided into a brush and median ones shorter and slightly feathered. Hypopharynx (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263510858FC1DFA33D970FA71" box="[946,1033,1504,1529]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
): lingua covered with small simple setae; superlingua with thin setae apically and laterally. Left mandible (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263510858FC70F9D6D941F995" box="[991,1080,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
): with incisors composed of 7 denticles; prostheca with 7 denticles and a comb-shaped structure; margin between prostheca and mola with 5 tiny pointed spines; tuft of setae at apex of mola absent. Right mandible (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263510858FC77F99ED94BF9ED" box="[984,1074,1613,1638]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
): with incisors composed of 7 denticles; prostheca with 7 denticles; margin between prostheca and mola with 6 medium pointed spines; tuft of setae at apex of mola present. Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263510858FDF6F946DFD6F925" box="[601,687,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
): palp two- segmented; segment 2 extending beyond galealacinia; segment 1 equal to segment 2; segment 2 apically rounded covered with 12–16 thin setae. Labium (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263510858FA98F96BD8F6F959" box="[1335,1423,1720,1745]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
): glossae subequal in length to paraglossae, inner margin of glossae with a row of 7–9 setae; paraglossae 1.4 times wider than glossae, falcate, with long and stout setae; labial palp three-segmented, segment 1 without setae; segment 2 slightly produced inward to form a moderately expanded lobe at distal corner, dorsally with a row of 3 medium setae; segment 3 apically blunt to slightly concave with numerous short setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836C763510858FF68F8BEDF00F879" blockId="6.[151,1437,1396,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563510858FF68F8BEDC59F80E" bold="true" box="[199,288,1901,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Thorax</emphasis>
: Legs: dorsal margin of femora with about 7 stout setae, femoral villopore absent, ventral margin with stout pointed setae increasing in length towards the apex, lateral surfaces bare; dorsal margin of tarsi with about 7 stout setae, ventral margin with pointed stout setae (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263510858FD42F866DE3BF845" box="[749,834,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
); tarsal claw with a single row of about 11 denticles (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263510858FF30F80ADD8DF879" box="[159,244,2009,2034]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). Hindwing pads present (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263510858FDB7F80ADF15F879" box="[536,620,2009,2034]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[363,1215,191,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1231,181,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 39. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="194">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836C763500859FF68FF44DE5AFEB7" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FF68FF44DC45FF38" bold="true" box="[199,316,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Single lamellate gills on segments 1–7; transparent with rudimentary tracheae; gill 1 (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FA91FF44D8EDFF38" box="[1342,1428,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[363,1215,191,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1231,181,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 39. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
) small compare to other gills (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FE73FF68DF56FF5C" box="[476,559,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[363,1215,191,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1231,181,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 39. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Paraproct with very few scale bases, margins with about 2 large pointed teeth and 3 small ones; postero-lateral extension with a few scale bases, margin with numerous slender teeth (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FA95FF0CD8E9FF70" box="[1338,1424,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[363,1215,191,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1231,181,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 39. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of tergum with long pointed spines (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FCABFED0DE22FE93" box="[772,859,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[363,1215,191,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1231,181,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 39. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
). Two dark bands on cerci (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FB0FFED0D851FE93" box="[1184,1320,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[363,1215,191,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1231,181,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 39. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Figs 38, 39</figureCitation>
); terminal filament shorter in female (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FE67FEF5DF63FEB7" box="[456,538,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[363,1215,191,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1231,181,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 39. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
) than in male (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FD6CFEF5DE6EFEB7" box="[707,791,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[363,1215,191,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1231,181,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 39. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836C763500859FF68FE99DCE9FEEB" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1535]" box="[199,400,330,355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FF68FE99DC6AFEEB" bold="true" box="[199,275,330,355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Imago</emphasis>
: Unknown
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D654C63500859FF68FEBDD8ECFD9E" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE836C763500859FF68FEBDD8ECFD9E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FF68FEBDDC43FE0F" bold="true" box="[199,314,366,391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FEE6FEBDDF04FE0F" box="[329,637,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramakalyani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FEE6FEBDDF04FE0F" box="[329,637,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Nigrobaetis paramakalyani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21057AE63500859FD2AFEBDDFBCFE0F" box="[645,709,366,391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FD2AFEBDDFBCFE0F" bold="true" box="[645,709,366,391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be differentiated from other Oriental species of
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FAB6FEBDD8E5FE0F" box="[1305,1436,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FAB6FEBDD8E5FE0F" box="[1305,1436,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Nigrobaetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: (i) presence of hindwing pads (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FC5FFE41D93DFE22" box="[1008,1092,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[363,1215,191,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1231,181,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 39. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
); (ii) seven pairs of gills (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FAC5FE41DDA6FE46" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[363,1215,191,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1231,181,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 39. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Figs 34, 35</figureCitation>
); (iii) paraproct with a reduce number of spines on distal margin (two large and three small spines) (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FA94FE66D8F6FE46" box="[1339,1423,437,462]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1299,1322]" captionTargetBox="[363,1215,191,1266]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[355,1231,181,1278]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 39. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 33, Hindwing pad; 34, Gill 1; 35, Gill 4; 36, Paraproct; 37, Posterior marginal spines of terga; 38, Caudal filaments of female; 39, Caudal filaments of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243151/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
); (iv) segment 3 of labial palp truncated or slightly concave (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FC88FE0ADE02FE7A" box="[807,891,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
); (v) margin between prostheca and mola of both mandibles with reduced number of spines (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FDD6FE2EDF85FD9E" box="[633,764,509,534]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Figs 27, 28</figureCitation>
); (vi) contrasted pattern of the abdominal tergites (
<figureCitation id="136C2A4263500859FA9BFE2ED8F0FD9E" box="[1332,1417,509,534]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 32" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[392,1189,635,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[385,1201,626,1862]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 32. Larva of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani n. sp. 22, Dorsal view; 23, Ventral view; 24, Antenna; 25, Labrum (left: dorsal; right: ventral); 26, Hypopharynx; 27, Left mandible; 28, Right mandible; 29, Maxilla; 30, Labium; 31, Foreleg; 32, Claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243150/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D654C63500859FF68FDF2D87AFDB2" box="[199,1283,545,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE836C763500859FF68FDF2D87AFDB2" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1535]" box="[199,1283,545,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FF68FDF2DC3FFDB2" bold="true" box="[199,326,545,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Etymology</emphasis>
. The new species is named after the presiding deity of the temple in the
<typeStatus id="54EC886563500859FBDDFDF1D9DBFDB2" box="[1138,1186,546,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D654C63500859FF68FD97DC74FA77" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE836C763500859FF68FD97D824FC17" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FF68FD97DC35FDD5" bold="true" box="[199,332,580,605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Discussion.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FE7BFD97DF2EFDD5" box="[468,599,580,605]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FE7BFD97DF2EFDD5" box="[468,599,580,605]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Nigrobaetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises around 30 species, from the Palaearctic (12 species), Oriental (13 species) and Afrotropical (5 species) realms (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FD77FDBBD978FD09" author="Barber-James" box="[728,1025,616,641]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Barber-James, H., Sartori, M., Gattolliat, J. - L. &amp; Webb, J. (2013) World checklist of freshwater Ephemeroptera species. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from: http: // fada. biodiversity. be / group / show / 35 (accessed 28 October 2014)" type="journal article" year="2013">
Barber-James
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FCD2FDBADEC3FD09" box="[893,954,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FBB8FDBBD836FD09" box="[1047,1359,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramakalyani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FBB8FDBBD836FD09" box="[1047,1359,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Nigrobaetis paramakalyani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21057AE63500859FAF6FDBBD8E2FD09" box="[1369,1435,616,641]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FAF6FDBBD8E2FD09" bold="true" box="[1369,1435,616,641]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differ from all the Oriental species by the number and shape of the spines of the paraproct; from
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FB65FD5EDC4CFD40" authority="Kang &amp; Yang 1996" authorityName="Kang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candidus">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FB65FD5ED836FD2D" box="[1226,1359,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. candidus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FAF2FD5EDC55FD40" author="Kang" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Kang, S. C. &amp; Yang, C. T. (1996) Two new species of Baetis Leach (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Taiwan. Chinese Journal of Entomology, 16, 61 - 66." type="journal article" year="1996">Kang &amp; Yang 1996</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by the number of gills (7 vs 6 pairs); from
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FCBDFD62D9E6FD40" authority="Muller-Liebenau 1984" authorityName="Muller-Liebenau" authorityYear="1984" box="[786,1183,687,712]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FCBDFD62DEF2FD40" box="[786,907,689,712]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. minutus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FC37FD7CD9EFFD40" author="Muller-Liebenau" box="[920,1174,687,712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Muller-Liebenau, I. (1984) Baetidae from Sabah (East Malaysia) (Ephemeroptera). In: Landa, V., Soldan, T. &amp; Tonner, M. (Eds.), Proceeding of the fourth international conference on Ephemeroptera. CSAV, Bechyne, pp. 85 - 99." type="book chapter" year="1984">Müller-Liebenau 1984</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FB7BFD62DC42FD64" authority="Chang &amp; Yang 1994" authorityName="Chang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="facetus">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FB7BFD62D83AFD40" box="[1236,1347,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. facetus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FAFEFD7CDC4AFD64" author="Chang" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Kang, S. C., Chang, H. C. &amp; Yang, C. T. (1994) A revision of the genus Baetis in Taiwan (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 47 (2), 9 - 44." type="journal article" year="1994">Chang &amp; Yang 1994</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of hindwing pads; from
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FCB5FD06D9DBFD64" authority="Kang &amp; Yang 1996" authorityName="Kang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="1996" box="[794,1186,723,748]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candidus">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FCB5FD06DEDBFD64" box="[794,930,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. candidus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FC1BFD07D9E3FD64" author="Kang" box="[948,1178,723,748]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Kang, S. C. &amp; Yang, C. T. (1996) Two new species of Baetis Leach (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Taiwan. Chinese Journal of Entomology, 16, 61 - 66." type="journal article" year="1996">Kang &amp; Yang 1996</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FB1FFD06D84DFD64" box="[1200,1332,723,748]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gombaki">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FB1FFD06D84DFD64" box="[1200,1332,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. gombaki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Müller-
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FF38FD24DC31FC98" author="Liebenau" box="[151,328,759,784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Muller-Liebenau, I. (1984) Baetidae from Sabah (East Malaysia) (Ephemeroptera). In: Landa, V., Soldan, T. &amp; Tonner, M. (Eds.), Proceeding of the fourth international conference on Ephemeroptera. CSAV, Bechyne, pp. 85 - 99." type="book chapter" year="1984">Liebenau 1984</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FECEFD2BDE66FC98" authority="Chang &amp; Yang 1994" authorityName="Chang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="1994" box="[353,799,759,784]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilentus">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FECEFD2BDF7CFC98" box="[353,517,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. gracilentus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FDB5FD24DE6EFC98" author="Chang" box="[538,791,759,784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Kang, S. C., Chang, H. C. &amp; Yang, C. T. (1994) A revision of the genus Baetis in Taiwan (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 47 (2), 9 - 44." type="journal article" year="1994">Chang &amp; Yang 1994</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FC9FFD2BD999FC98" authority="Muller-Liebenau 1984" authorityName="Muller-Liebenau" authorityYear="1984" box="[816,1248,759,784]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FC9FFD2BDEC5FC98" box="[816,956,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. mirabilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FC7FFD24D9A1FC98" author="Muller-Liebenau" box="[976,1240,759,784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Muller-Liebenau, I. (1984) Baetidae from Sabah (East Malaysia) (Ephemeroptera). In: Landa, V., Soldan, T. &amp; Tonner, M. (Eds.), Proceeding of the fourth international conference on Ephemeroptera. CSAV, Bechyne, pp. 85 - 99." type="book chapter" year="1984">Müller-Liebenau 1984</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FB5EFD2BDCDFFCBC" authority="Muller-Liebenau 1985" authorityName="Muller-Liebenau" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FB5EFD2BD8E5FC87" box="[1265,1436,760,783]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. taiwanensis</emphasis>
(Müller-Liebenau 1985)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FE71FCCFDE02FCBC" authority="Muller-Liebenau 1985" authorityName="Muller-Liebenau" authorityYear="1985" box="[478,891,795,820]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatuensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FE71FCCFDF1DFCBB" box="[478,612,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. tatuensis</emphasis>
(Müller-Liebenau 1985)
</taxonomicName>
by the shape of the segment 3 of the labial palp (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FF31FCEDDCDFFCDF" author="Muller-Liebenau" box="[158,422,830,855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Muller-Liebenau, I. (1984) Baetidae from Sabah (East Malaysia) (Ephemeroptera). In: Landa, V., Soldan, T. &amp; Tonner, M. (Eds.), Proceeding of the fourth international conference on Ephemeroptera. CSAV, Bechyne, pp. 85 - 99." type="book chapter" year="1984">Müller-Liebenau 1984</bibRefCitation>
, 1985;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FDA9FC93DFA1FCDF" author="Kang" box="[518,728,830,856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Kang, S. C., Chang, H. C. &amp; Yang, C. T. (1994) A revision of the genus Baetis in Taiwan (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 47 (2), 9 - 44." type="journal article" year="1994">
Kang
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FDFFFC93DFE9FCDF" box="[592,656,830,855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FD44FC93DEA4FCDF" author="Kang" box="[747,989,830,856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Kang, S. C. &amp; Yang, C. T. (1996) Two new species of Baetis Leach (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Taiwan. Chinese Journal of Entomology, 16, 61 - 66." type="journal article" year="1996">Kang &amp; Yang 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FC58FC93D9B1FCDF" box="[1015,1224,830,855]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramakalyani">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FC58FC93D9B1FCDF" box="[1015,1224,830,855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. paramakalyani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a very distinctive colouration and pattern, as found in
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FD00FCB7D957FCF3" authority="Muller-Liebenau 1984" authorityName="Muller-Liebenau" authorityYear="1984" box="[687,1070,866,891]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FD00FCB7DE50FCF3" box="[687,809,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. minutus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FC9EFCB1D957FCF3" author="Muller-Liebenau" box="[817,1070,866,891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Muller-Liebenau, I. (1984) Baetidae from Sabah (East Malaysia) (Ephemeroptera). In: Landa, V., Soldan, T. &amp; Tonner, M. (Eds.), Proceeding of the fourth international conference on Ephemeroptera. CSAV, Bechyne, pp. 85 - 99." type="book chapter" year="1984">Müller-Liebenau 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Other diagnostic characters are very similar between the two species except the presence/absence of hindwing pads (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FBE1FC55D829FC17" author="Muller-Liebenau" box="[1102,1360,902,927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Muller-Liebenau, I. (1984) Baetidae from Sabah (East Malaysia) (Ephemeroptera). In: Landa, V., Soldan, T. &amp; Tonner, M. (Eds.), Proceeding of the fourth international conference on Ephemeroptera. CSAV, Bechyne, pp. 85 - 99." type="book chapter" year="1984">Müller-Liebenau 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836C763500859FF68FC79DEA5FAC4" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">
The present discovery of a new species from the Indian subregion of the Oriental realm has extended the known range of the genus in the Orient from West
<collectingCountry id="F340765763500859FD56FC1EDE19FC6E" box="[761,864,973,998]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
westwards to southern
<collectingCountry id="F340765763500859FBD6FC1ED9CFFC6E" box="[1145,1206,973,998]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">India</collectingCountry>
. The biogeographic assumption of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FEEFFC22DC84FB82" author="Gattolliat" box="[320,509,1009,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Gattolliat, J. L. (2004) First reports of the genus Nigrobaetis Novikova &amp; Kluge (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Madagascar and La Reunion with observations on Afrotropical biogeography. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111 (3), 657 - 669." type="journal article" year="2004">Gattolliat (2004)</bibRefCitation>
that the presence of this genus in
<collectingCountry id="F340765763500859FC25FC22DEBAFB82" box="[906,963,1009,1034]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">India</collectingCountry>
or
<collectingCountry id="F340765763500859FC42FC22D924FB82" box="[1005,1117,1009,1034]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
is not confirmed but likely, indeed become a reality.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FE1DFBC6DF17FBA6" author="Gattolliat" box="[434,622,1045,1070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Gattolliat, J. L. (2004) First reports of the genus Nigrobaetis Novikova &amp; Kluge (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Madagascar and La Reunion with observations on Afrotropical biogeography. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111 (3), 657 - 669." type="journal article" year="2004">Gattolliat (2004)</bibRefCitation>
also opines that with regard to the specific diversity of the genus in the different parts of its distribution area, it is reasonable to assume a Palaearctic or Oriental origin. According to him the presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FEF3FB8FDCA6FBFD" box="[348,479,1116,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FEF3FB8FDCA6FBFD" box="[348,479,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Nigrobaetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southern Africa and in
<collectingCountry id="F340765763500859FC80FB8FDECFFBFD" box="[815,950,1116,1141]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
is probably the result of a step-by-step colonization from northern Africa to southern Africa and finally
<collectingCountry id="F340765763500859FC00FB53D94FFB11" box="[943,1078,1152,1177]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and that it is likely that the colonization of
<collectingCountry id="F340765763500859FEE2FB77DCADFB35" box="[333,468,1188,1213]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
took place after its break-off from the Gondwana mainland (ca 165 My), implying overseas colonization of more than
<quantity id="4CAF9B2263500859FDF7FB1BDFC1FB68" box="[600,696,1223,1248]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" unit="km" value="300.0">300 km</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3663500859FD7FFB14DEF3FB68" author="Gattolliat" box="[720,906,1223,1248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" refString="Gattolliat, J. L. (2004) First reports of the genus Nigrobaetis Novikova &amp; Kluge (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Madagascar and La Reunion with observations on Afrotropical biogeography. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111 (3), 657 - 669." type="journal article" year="2004">Gattolliat 2004</bibRefCitation>
). The morphological similarity between
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FA2DFB1ADC38FA8C" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramakalyani">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FA2DFB1ADC38FA8C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. paramakalyani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FE28FB3EDF70FA8C" box="[391,521,1261,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FE28FB3EDF70FA8C" box="[391,521,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">N. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Southeast Asia seems to indicate Asian affinities rather than an old Gondwanian origin. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FC2BFADCD97EFAA0" box="[900,1031,1295,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FC2BFADCD97EFAA0" box="[900,1031,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Nigrobaetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from different biogeographic areas would greatly help to solve this puzzle and determine the colonizing force.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836C763500859FF68FA85DC74FA77" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B923EAD563500859FF68FA85DC5DFAE7" bold="true" box="[199,292,1366,1391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">Ecology</emphasis>
. The larvae were collected in a small perennial river, Gadana, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu,
<collectingCountry id="F340765763500859FAF4FA85D8EEFAE7" box="[1371,1431,1366,1391]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="195">India</collectingCountry>
, (
<quantity id="4CAF9B2263500859FF30FAA8DD8FFA1A" box="[159,246,1403,1427]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9–10 m</quantity>
wide and
<quantity id="4CAF9B2263500859FEC1FAA8DCCFFA1A" box="[366,438,1403,1427]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 m</quantity>
depth) with slow water current (
<quantity id="4CAF9B2263500859FC84FAA8DE1EFA1B" box="[811,871,1403,1427]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="0.4">0.4m</quantity>
/s) on the Eastern part of southern Western Ghats. The water temperature ranged between 22˚C–25˚C (seasonal variations) and the pH between 6.5–7.4. The collecting site is adjacent to the
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4463500859FDAAFA11DFD2FA53" box="[517,683,1474,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramakalyani">Paramakalyani</taxonomicName>
temple, Sivasailam. The substratum is mainly gravel with patches of grasses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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