289 lines
32 KiB
XML
289 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="E7CFA55BD834B1D2A0359D4F105C4C9A" ID-CLB-Dataset="45859" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f255bd6-4072-4dfc-ab35-d233e0766ff3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="285997" ID-ZooBank="51852298-F299-4392-9C89-A6FD14D3E1D0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460415861649" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Parra-Velandia, Fernando J., Zea, Sven & Van Soest, Rob W. M." docDate="2014" docId="03F7DF34C015FFD3FF40CF8BDE1EECD0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03794p343.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3794 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Agelas repens Lehnert" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="325" masterDocId="FFCEA74CC002FFCBFFD7CF1CDF59EF3C" masterDocTitle="Reef sponges of the genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Greater Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="343" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="324" updateTime="1698328800454" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="1B36786C593F4E9FA4ACB91D27ADCD76" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C615D63F779CD908DB4726F6937CF340">
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<mods:title id="0CD2BF750413BF03CC1E5980AD909D4F">Reef sponges of the genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Greater Caribbean</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="6BEAC7E654E5DD589910D6442374CFF7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1BD56E8C91B969990FC44849B340FED6">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5F5DA268A9E608F0D7FBBC29FBC01EC8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3984146F48E46F05B2FE54C8043BEF15">Parra-Velandia, Fernando J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D14A26D727AC2AC0DE0DBC3D9F629798" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F7F21A032C1B4D2C70598FA1471D8129">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FE77EF600BF9AAF1D40A14AA93C39D20">Zea, Sven</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="85EC3712DE01C428180F87E8A979ADAF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A30518A7684E177414EF450940B23D5F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FA6522CAB49D33B4021A1B01F164120E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F098360ECF4AD00CAE0E772C08471BF6">Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C7BB18AC2F9C6FBD46568128F89BE8BD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8D644AD0C4855662A353EDD91AB9914C">
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<mods:title id="D7FD2EC245738EBCC1AA2EB874D25313">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E22E2D7D46A0059CFBB82CC836049D8F">
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<mods:date id="955EDBD7C1F105C7993880E266DBBE6F">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6BD427954E4B0D4E222DABDAAEE3BD6A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B144EFA163A6C7280E44948C59EA61AB">3794</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="40E060B264C57EB3C0DF3B2A8B137A45" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="0C84A30B74B16907FD00257D9C7E61C6">3</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="D7289F5C657F1CA61B7FB7FBDC150A50">343</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="B2D5422DACE2CEB255D2781A5C84FCEF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FF4ACBE18326ECDACB2558E02795B5D9" type="CLB-Dataset">45859</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ADA4C48E503C8F645AED67D2B56E7444" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F7DF34C015FFD3FF40CF8BDE1EECD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691135" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119425051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5691135" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F7DF34C015FFD3FF40CF8BDE1EECD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F7DF34C015FFD3FF40CF8BDE1EECD0" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
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<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C015FFDCFF40CF8BDF80EFEF" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C015FFDCFF40CF8BDDCBEF8E" blockId="23.[151,658,151,211]" box="[151,658,151,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
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<heading id="D0A9D94EC015FFDCFF40CF8BDDCBEF8E" bold="true" box="[151,658,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C015FFDCFF40CF8BDDCBEF8E" bold="true" box="[151,658,151,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C015FFDCFF40CF8BDEF2EF8E" ID-CoL="5TQFC" authority="Lehnert" authorityName="Lehnert" box="[151,427,151,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C015FFDCFF40CF8BDE66EF8D" bold="true" box="[151,319,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Agelas repens</emphasis>
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Lehnert
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</taxonomicName>
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& van
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C015FFDCFDD0CF84DDCBEF8E" author="Soest" box="[519,658,152,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" refString="Lehnert, H., Soest, R. W. M. van (1998) Shallow water sponges of Jamaica. Beaufortia, 48, 71 - 103." type="journal article" year="1998">Soest, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C015FFDCFF40CFA6DF80EFEF" blockId="23.[151,658,151,211]" box="[151,217,186,211]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
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<figureCitation id="136572A7C015FFDCFF40CFA6DF80EFEF" box="[151,217,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,363,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,363,1497]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photographs of Agelas repens from Jamaica. A) Dry Holotype at ZMA. B) in situ, hanging from the wall of a reef slope crevice. C) Several freshly collected specimens; the scale represents 20 cm length and 0, 5 cm width." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286005/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C015FFDCFF40CE1EDDE4EE0B" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C015FFDCFF40CE1EDDC5EE24" blockId="23.[151,701,258,311]" box="[151,668,258,280]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Etymology from Latin, meaning to creep, to crawl.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C015FFDCFF40CE3DDDE4EE0B" blockId="23.[151,701,258,311]" box="[151,701,289,311]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4E490CC015FFDCFF40CE3DDDE4EE0B" box="[151,701,289,311]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C015FFDCFF40CE3DDE23EE0B" ID-CoL="5TQFC" authority="Lehnert" authorityName="Lehnert" box="[151,378,289,311]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C015FFDCFF40CE3DDE7CEE0B" box="[151,293,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Agelas repens</emphasis>
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Lehnert
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</taxonomicName>
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& van
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C015FFDCFE12CE3DDD3AEE0B" author="Soest" box="[453,611,289,311]" page="83" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C015FFDCFE12CE3DDD67EE0B" author="Soest" box="[453,574,289,311]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" refString="Lehnert, H., Soest, R. W. M. van (1998) Shallow water sponges of Jamaica. Beaufortia, 48, 71 - 103." type="journal article" year="1998">Soest, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 83
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136572A7C015FFDCFDB9CE3DDDE0EE0B" box="[622,697,289,311]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1327]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 12. Photographs of Agelas schmidti. A) Small round, tapered finger from Belize. B) Minute open tubes from Rosario Islands, Colombia. C) Fouled finger, the Bahamas (center only). D and E) Holotype at USNM (courtesy of K. Ruetzler and C. Dietrich)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286008/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF213EAAC015FFDCFF40CAF3DB95E918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286005/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" targetBox="[151,1436,363,1497]" targetPageId="23">
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C015FFDCFF40CAF3DB95E918" blockId="23.[151,1435,1519,1572]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C015FFDCFF40CAF3DE4BE939" bold="true" box="[151,274,1519,1541]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
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Photographs of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C015FFDCFE6DCAF3DD11E939" box="[442,584,1519,1541]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C015FFDCFE6DCAF3DD11E939" box="[442,584,1519,1541]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Agelas repens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Jamaica. A) Dry Holotype at ZMA. B) in situ, hanging from the wall of a reef slope crevice. C) Several freshly collected specimens; the scale represents 20 cm length and 0,5 cm width.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C015FFDCFF40C957DCE8E82B" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C015FFDCFF40C957DF86E9EC" blockId="23.[151,1437,1611,2032]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C015FFDCFF40C957DE83E958" bold="true" box="[151,474,1611,1636]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Material and distribution.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54E5D080C015FFDCFE31C957DD17E958" box="[486,590,1611,1636]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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examined at the Zoölogisch Museum Amsterdam (
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<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C015FFDCFB62C950DBADE958" box="[1205,1268,1612,1636]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">ZMA</collectionCode>
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–
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<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C015FFDCFAD5C950DA63E958" box="[1282,1338,1612,1636]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">POR</collectionCode>
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12870), collected at reefs in front of the mouth of Río Bueno,
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<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C015FFDCFD2BC973DC00E9B4" box="[764,857,1647,1672]" name="Jamaica" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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, on the ceiling of a cave,
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<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C015FFDCFBA9C96CDBE1E9BB" box="[1150,1208,1648,1672]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" unit="m" value="23.0">23 m</quantity>
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depth. The material reviewed here includes only specimens from
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<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C015FFDCFD76C98FDDA2E990" box="[673,763,1683,1708]" name="Jamaica" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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also collected at the
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<typeStatus id="54E5D080C015FFDCFC23C988DB7DE990" box="[1012,1060,1684,1708]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">type</typeStatus>
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locality (INV–
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<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C015FFDCFB04C988DA52E990" box="[1235,1291,1684,1708]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">POR</collectionCode>
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1012, 1013, 1014).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C015FFDCFF10C9C7DCE8E82B" blockId="23.[151,1437,1611,2032]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
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This species seems restricted to
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<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C015FFDCFDFBC9C7DDD0E9C8" box="[556,649,1755,1780]" name="Jamaica" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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, so we consider this as a Greater Antilles species, but see remarks. Our specimens were found from
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<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C015FFDCFE01C81CDD17E82B" box="[470,590,1791,1816]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" unit="m" value="23.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="22.0">22 to 25 m</quantity>
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in depth, abundant at
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<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C015FFDCFC90C9E3DCF4E82B" box="[839,941,1791,1816]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" unit="m" value="24.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="23.0">
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23–
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<specimenCount id="9D58A5ABC015FFDCFCA5C9E3DCF4E82B" box="[882,941,1791,1816]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="generic">25 m</specimenCount>
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</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C015FFD3FF10C83FDDEAEEB4" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C015FFDCFF10C83FDE3AE8F0" blockId="23.[151,1437,1611,2032]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C015FFDCFF10C83FDE00E800" bold="true" box="[199,345,1827,1852]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Description.</emphasis>
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This species has a thin cord-like form (
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<figureCitation id="136572A7C015FFDCFCCEC83FDC0FE800" box="[793,854,1827,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,363,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,363,1497]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photographs of Agelas repens from Jamaica. A) Dry Holotype at ZMA. B) in situ, hanging from the wall of a reef slope crevice. C) Several freshly collected specimens; the scale represents 20 cm length and 0, 5 cm width." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286005/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Fig 9</figureCitation>
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A), sometimes found solitary (
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<figureCitation id="136572A7C015FFDCFB78C83FDBB5E800" box="[1199,1260,1827,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1519,1541]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,363,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,363,1497]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 9. Photographs of Agelas repens from Jamaica. A) Dry Holotype at ZMA. B) in situ, hanging from the wall of a reef slope crevice. C) Several freshly collected specimens; the scale represents 20 cm length and 0, 5 cm width." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286005/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Fig 9</figureCitation>
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B), branched or irregularly repent. The body hangs from a fleshy, patchy base, encrusted on walls and overhangs. Branches are up to
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<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C015FFDCFF62C877DE5BE8BF" box="[181,258,1899,1924]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
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in diameter and
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<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C015FFDCFE13C877DD6DE8BF" box="[452,564,1899,1924]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 cm</quantity>
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long; the base is up to
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<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C015FFDCFC97C877DC21E8BF" box="[832,888,1899,1924]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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by
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<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C015FFDCFC72C870DC84E8BF" box="[933,989,1900,1924]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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and
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<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C015FFDCFBC1C870DB3AE8BF" box="[1046,1123,1900,1924]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
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thick. Its external colour is spectrum orange, internal colour orange yellow. It is compressible, flexible and elastic in life or preserved, still flexible when dry.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C015FFD3FF10C8CBDBE2EFE9" blockId="23.[151,1437,1611,2032]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
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Oscules are tiny, almost invisible to the naked eye (<
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<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C015FFDCFCE7C8C4DC21E8CC" box="[816,888,2008,2032]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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), surrounded by a star-like area where exhalant channels lead to them. Pinacoderm supported by tracts of spicules, collapses out of the water revealing a rough outline of subdermal channels (<
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<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C01AFFD3FDDCCFA0DD12EFE8" box="[523,587,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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) and other structures. Choanosome is apparently dense.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C01AFFD3FF10CFC3DDEAEEB4" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
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Skeleton of cored (2–7 spicules per cross section) primary fibres, loosely echinated, 20–50 Μm in diameter. When the coring spicules are absent fibres are hardly distinguishable; secondary fibres 20–30 Μm in diameter, poorly echinated; no tertiaries present. Acanthostyles are straight and long with 5–6 spines per whorl; length 88–268 (180±46.1) µm, width 3–13 (8±2.1) µm and 9–23 (16±4.1) whorls per spicule. Detailed lengths, widths and average number of whorls are shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DC5B99C01AFFD3FD8ECE73DDF6EEB4" box="[601,687,367,392]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,764,787]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of Caribbean Agelas. n = 25. Values are minimum – maximum (mean ± 1 standard deviation)" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C01AFFD3FF10CE88DE1EECD0" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C01AFFD3FF10CE88DDABEC29" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FF10CE88DE62EE91" bold="true" box="[199,315,404,429]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FE93CE88DEBDEE90" box="[324,484,404,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FE93CE88DEBDEE90" box="[324,484,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Agelas repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found hanging from walls on caves like long and thin cords. As far as we have explored, Rio Bueno is the only locality where this species is present. Lehnert & van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C01AFFD3FBB3CEA4DBAAEEEC" author="Soest" box="[1124,1267,440,464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" refString="Lehnert, H., Soest, R. W. M. van (1998) Shallow water sponges of Jamaica. Beaufortia, 48, 71 - 103." type="journal article" year="1998">Soest (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that this species is rather similar to some deep, thin specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FCF2CEC0DCF5EEC8" box="[805,940,476,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sceptrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FCF2CEC0DCF5EEC8" box="[805,940,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. sceptrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C01AFFD3FC22CEC0DB06EEC9" box="[1013,1119,476,501]" name="Barbados" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
(ZMA–POR
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C01AFFD3FB2BCEC0DAD6EEC8" box="[1276,1423,476,500]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8111" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" unit="m" value="3811100.0">3811, 100 m</quantity>
|
||
). Our specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FEB2CD1CDEB3ED24" box="[357,490,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sceptrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FEB2CD1CDEB3ED24" box="[357,490,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. sceptrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Rosario Islands and San Andres Island are the ones most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FAFBCD1CDACCED24" box="[1324,1429,512,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FAFBCD1CDACCED24" box="[1324,1429,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The differences in skeletal and spicule architecture and size are not enough to decide whether they are the same species, but the cryptic habit (or depth preference) and the resemblance in external morphology in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FAD7CD54DA32ED5C" box="[1280,1387,584,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FAD7CD54DA32ED5C" box="[1280,1387,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Belizean, Colombian and Barbadian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FDEDCD70DD9BEDB8" box="[570,706,620,644]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sceptrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FDEDCD70DD9BEDB8" box="[570,706,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. sceptrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. the exposed habitat and thickly branched habit of typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FA53CD70DFA7ED94" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sceptrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FA53CD70DFA7ED94" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. sceptrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C01AFFD3FE90CD93DEF8ED94" box="[327,417,655,680]" name="Jamaica" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
calls for synonymy. ITS and CO1 DNA analyses also placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FBB8CD8CDB83ED94" box="[1135,1242,656,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FBB8CD8CDB83ED94" box="[1135,1242,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FA53CD8CDFA7EDF0" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sceptrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FA53CD8CDFA7EDF0" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. sceptrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this is inconclusive as these species were also indistinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FBBFCDA8DBB8EDF0" box="[1128,1249,692,716]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dilatata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FBBFCDA8DBB8EDF0" box="[1128,1249,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. dilatata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FB24CDA8DA2BEDF0" box="[1267,1394,692,716]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FB24CDA8DA2BEDF0" box="[1267,1394,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FA53CDA8DFADEDCC" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FA53CDA8DFADEDCC" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FEFDCDC4DDEDEDCC" authority="Parra-Velandia 2011" authorityName="Parra-Velandia" authorityYear="2011" box="[298,692,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FEFDCDC4DEEAEDCC" box="[298,435,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. cerebrum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C01AFFD3FE16CDCBDDF5EDCC" author="Parra-Velandia" box="[449,684,727,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" refString="Parra-Velandia, F. J. (2011) Speciation scenarios of sessile organisms in the Caribbean Sea: The genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae), a case of high diversity in the area. Dr. Sc. Dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, 125 pp." type="book" year="2011">Parra-Velandia 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However Jamaican
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FC4BCDC4DB5DEDCC" box="[924,1028,728,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FC4BCDC4DB5DEDCC" box="[924,1028,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were never thicker than
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C01AFFD3FACECDC4DA0AEDD3" box="[1305,1363,728,752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
, while Southern Caribbean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FEAACDE0DD5BEC28" box="[381,514,764,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sceptrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FEAACDE0DD5BEC28" box="[381,514,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. sceptrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were rarely this thin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C01AFFD3FF10CC03DE1EECD0" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
|
||
Additionally, at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E5D080C01AFFD3FE7CCC3CDE82EC04" box="[427,475,800,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality we noted that the external colour and tissue texture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FB60CC3CDA7BEC04" box="[1207,1314,800,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FB60CC3CDA7BEC04" box="[1207,1314,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FEB0CC58DE89EC60" box="[359,464,836,860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="citrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FEB0CC58DE89EC60" box="[359,464,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. citrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
living nearby. We then had the idea that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FC42CC58DCA7EC60" box="[917,1022,836,860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FC42CC58DCA7EC60" box="[917,1022,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cords may be dispersive bodies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FA53CC58DFBBEC43" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="citrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FA53CC58DFBBEC43" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. citrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This hypothesis was reinforced by the fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FD29CC74DC3EECBC" box="[766,871,872,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FD29CC74DC3EECBC" box="[766,871,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spicules in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C01AFFD3FC3CCC7BDB1CECBC" box="[1003,1093,871,896]" name="Jamaica" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
were even longer that those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FF40CC90DE5CEC98" box="[151,261,908,932]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="citrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FF40CC90DE5CEC98" box="[151,261,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. citrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which usually has the longest spicules of all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FCF0CC90DC2AEC98" box="[807,883,908,932]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FCF0CC90DC2AEC98" box="[807,883,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Agelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in several localities (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DC5B99C01AFFD3FBA7CC90DB95EC98" box="[1136,1228,908,933]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,764,787]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of Caribbean Agelas. n = 25. Values are minimum – maximum (mean ± 1 standard deviation)" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). At any rate, the hypothesis of close relatedness between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FD89CCACDD9EECF4" box="[606,711,944,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="repens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FD89CCACDD9EECF4" box="[606,711,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. repens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C01AFFD3FD29CCACDC31ECFB" box="[766,872,944,967]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="citrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C01AFFD3FD29CCACDC31ECFB" box="[766,872,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">A. citrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was discarded in the light of DNA studies (Parra-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C01AFFD3FF40CCC8DE19ECD0" author="Velandia" box="[151,320,980,1005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" refString="Parra-Velandia, F. J. (2011) Speciation scenarios of sessile organisms in the Caribbean Sea: The genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae), a case of high diversity in the area. Dr. Sc. Dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, 125 pp." type="book" year="2011">Velandia, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |