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<mods:title id="6F4AAEB620C8B2D56E5D38A305557C46">A new species of Macrostemum Kolenati, 1859 from Brazilian Amazon and the immature stages of M. brasiliense (Fischer, 1970) (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD083FF55F6DA502A5F0FE64953E582A">Pes, Ana M.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450676D25FDFB22FD4065F97C" blockId="8.[545,1042,1704,1767]" box="[545,1042,1704,1731]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0AF4D5850676D25FDFB22FD4065F97C" box="[545,1042,1704,1731]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750676D25FDFB22FD4065F97C" ID-CoL="72RTB" authority="(Fischer, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[545,1042,1704,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C262650676D25FDFB22FD472EF97C" bold="true" box="[545,857,1704,1731]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Macrostemum brasiliense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550676D25FCB222FD407DF97C" author="Fischer F. C. J." box="[872,1034,1705,1731]" firstAuthor="Fischer" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref7746" refString="Fischer F. C. J. 1970. Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." title="Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae" type="book" year="1970">Fischer, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C342A9BF50676D25FD3D2298473BF958" box="[743,844,1740,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450676D25FD3D2298473BF958" blockId="8.[545,1042,1704,1767]" box="[743,844,1740,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150676D25FD3D2298473BF958" box="[743,844,1740,1767]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[189,232,1825,1851]" captionStartId-1="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionStartId-2="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-3="13.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionStartId-4="15.[190,233,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox-0="[229,1358,265,1783]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetBox-3="[258,1377,1386,1922]" captionTargetBox-4="[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[229,1358,265,1783]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId-3="figure@13.[189,1398,1341,1923]" captionTargetId-4="figure@15.[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-4="15" captionText-0="Fig. 5. Collection sites of Macrostemum araca sp. nov. and Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970) and general views of some of the sampled streams and rivers. A. A map showing the collection sites of M. araca sp. nov. and M. brasiliense in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest, respectively. B. Córrego (stream) Venerando, São Paulo, collection site of M. brasiliense. – C–E. collection sites of M. araca sp. nov. C. Igarapé da (stream) Cobra, Amazonas. D. Igarapé (stream) do Jabuti, Amazonas. E. Rio (river) Aracá, Amazonas." captionText-1="Fig. 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, left lateral view. D. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. E. Labrum, dorsal view. F. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." captionText-3="Fig. 8. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva; gill formula (MS = mesothorax; MT = metathorax; i–viii = abdominal segments; V = ventral gills; VL = ventrolateral gills; L = lateral gills)." captionText-4="Fig. 9. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), pupa. A. Pupal habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mandibles, dorsal view. D. Hook plates, dorsal view (III–VIII = abdominal segments, a = anterior, p = posterior). E. Abdominal segments IX–X, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B, E = 0.05 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3261177/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3261185/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3261187/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 5–9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750676D25FF67235A46C3F897" ID-CoL="72RTB" authority="(Fischer, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[189,692,1805,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C262650676D25FF67235A4587F898" box="[189,496,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Macrostemum brasiliense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550676D25FDD8235A46DCF897" author="Fischer F. C. J." box="[514,683,1806,1832]" firstAuthor="Fischer" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref7746" refString="Fischer F. C. J. 1970. Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." title="Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae" type="book" year="1970">Fischer, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: 242 [
<emphasis id="B92C262650676D25FCD9235A47DDF898" box="[771,938,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">nomen novum</emphasis>
for 
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<emphasis id="B92C262650676D25FC39235940ACF898" box="[995,1243,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Phryganea maculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550676D25FB3C235A4106F897" author="Perty M." box="[1254,1393,1806,1832]" editor="Perty M." firstAuthor="Perty" journalOrPublisher="Friedrich Fleischer, Munchen [Monachii]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="125 - 224" refId="ref8574" refString="Perty M. 1833. Insecta brasiliensia. In: Perty M. (ed) Delectus animalium articulatorum quae ex itinere per Brasiliam, annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josaephi I. Bavariae Regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. De Martius: 125 - 224. Friedrich Fleischer, Munchen [Monachii]." title="Insecta brasiliensia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Delectus animalium articulatorum quae ex itinere per Brasiliam, annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josaephi I. Bavariae Regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. De Martius" year="1833">Perty, 1833</bibRefCitation>
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, preoccupied in 
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<emphasis id="B92C262650676D25FE7F23654651F8F4" box="[421,550,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Phryganea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750676D25FD8223654062F8F4" authority="Donovan, 1813" authorityName="Donovan" authorityYear="1813" box="[600,1045,1841,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Phryganea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="B92C262650676D25FD8223654727F8F4" box="[600,848,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Phryganea maculata</emphasis>
Donovan, 1813
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, which is now a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750676D25FF30230046D1F8D1" ID-CoL="7VGP7" authority="(Curtis, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Curtis" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[234,678,1875,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Hydropsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="instabilis">
<emphasis id="B92C262650676D25FF3023004580F8D1" box="[234,503,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hydropsyche instabilis</emphasis>
(Curtis, 1834)
</taxonomicName>
]. — 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550676D25FD062301479FF8D1" author="Franca D. &amp; Paprocki H. &amp; Calor A. R." box="[732,1000,1876,1903]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Franca" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="301 - 335" part="3716" refId="ref8021" refString="Franca D., Paprocki H. &amp; Calor A. R. 2013. The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males. Zootaxa 3716: 301 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.3.1" title="The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males" type="journal article" year="2013">
<collectingCountry id="F34FBAA450676D25FD062301475BF8D0" box="[732,812,1877,1903]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">França</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B92C262650676D25FCE923014712F8D1" box="[819,869,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. 2013: 309
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[
<specimenCount id="9D5E31BD50676D25FC2223014065F8D0" box="[1016,1042,1877,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; wings; status]. — 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550676D25FB30230045DEF82E" author="Paprocki H. &amp; Franca D." firstAuthor="Paprocki" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity Data Journal" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1557" part="2" refId="ref8485" refString="Paprocki H. &amp; Franca D. 2014. Brazilian Trichoptera Checklist II. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e 1557. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 2. e 1557" title="Brazilian Trichoptera Checklist II" type="journal article" year="2014">
Paprocki &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="F34FBAA450676D25FF30232C454DF82D" box="[234,314,1912,1938]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">França</collectingCountry>
2014: 29
</bibRefCitation>
[checklist]. — 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550676D25FD85232347B3F82D" author="Holzenthal R. W. &amp; Calor A. R." box="[607,964,1911,1938]" firstAuthor="Holzenthal" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 566" part="654" refId="ref8152" refString="Holzenthal R. W. &amp; Calor A. R. 2017. Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies). ZooKeys 654: 1 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 654.9516" title="Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies)" type="journal article" year="2017">Holzenthal &amp; Calor 2017: 154</bibRefCitation>
[catalog].
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750676D25FF6723CE46F0F80A" authority="- Perty 1833: 129" authorityName="- Perty" authorityPageNumber="129" authorityYear="1833" box="[189,647,1946,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Phryganeidae" genus="Phryganea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="B92C262650676D25FF6723CE45C6F80B" box="[189,433,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Phryganea maculata</emphasis>
– 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550676D25FE1723CF46F0F80A" author="Perty M." box="[461,647,1947,1973]" editor="Perty M." firstAuthor="Perty" journalOrPublisher="Friedrich Fleischer, Munchen [Monachii]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="125 - 224" refId="ref8574" refString="Perty M. 1833. Insecta brasiliensia. In: Perty M. (ed) Delectus animalium articulatorum quae ex itinere per Brasiliam, annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josaephi I. Bavariae Regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. De Martius: 125 - 224. Friedrich Fleischer, Munchen [Monachii]." title="Insecta brasiliensia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Delectus animalium articulatorum quae ex itinere per Brasiliam, annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josaephi I. Bavariae Regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. De Martius" year="1833">Perty 1833: 129</bibRefCitation>
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[
<typeStatus id="54E3449650676D25FD4E23CF46A6F80A" box="[660,721,1947,1973]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<collectingCountry id="F34FBAA450676D25FCE423CE47FEF80B" box="[830,905,1946,1972]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, inter St. Pauli civitatem et Villam riccam; ZSM; 
<specimenCount id="9D5E31BD50676D25FEEC23E94527F867" box="[310,336,1981,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
].
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<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FF672375457BF884" bold="true" box="[189,268,1825,1851]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
Collection sites of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750666D24FE2C2375469EF885" authority="Pes &amp; Desidério &amp; Barcelos-Silva &amp; Hamada, 2019" authorityName="Pes &amp; Desidério &amp; Barcelos-Silva &amp; Hamada" authorityYear="2019" box="[502,745,1825,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FE2C2375469EF885" box="[502,745,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Macrostemum araca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F9B5D50666D24FD2823754739F884" box="[754,846,1825,1851]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750666D24FC5023754101F884" ID-CoL="72RTB" authority="(Fischer, 1970)" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[906,1398,1825,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FC50237540CDF884" box="[906,1210,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Macrostemum brasiliense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550666D24FB1123754119F884" author="Fischer F. C. J." box="[1227,1390,1825,1851]" firstAuthor="Fischer" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref7746" refString="Fischer F. C. J. 1970. Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." title="Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae" type="book" year="1970">Fischer, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and general views of some of the sampled streams and rivers. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FC77231047B5F8E1" bold="true" box="[941,962,1860,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
. A map showing the collection sites of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750666D24FF05233C453AF83E" authority="Pes &amp; Desidério &amp; Barcelos-Silva &amp; Hamada, 2019" authorityName="Pes &amp; Desidério &amp; Barcelos-Silva &amp; Hamada" authorityYear="2019" box="[223,333,1896,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FF05233C4480F83E" box="[223,247,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FED3233C453AF83E" box="[265,333,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">araca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F9B5D50666D24FE8D233C45C3F83D" box="[343,436,1896,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750666D24FE28233C46EBF83E" ID-CoL="72RTB" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[498,668,1895,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FE28233C467DF83E" box="[498,522,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FDC1233346EBF83E" box="[539,668,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest, respectively. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FB2823334171F83E" bold="true" box="[1266,1286,1895,1921]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
. Córrego (stream) Venerando, São Paulo, collection site of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750666D24FCCB23DF47CCF81B" ID-CoL="72RTB" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[785,955,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FCCB23DF47CCF81B" box="[785,955,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FC1123DF406CF81B" bold="true" box="[971,1051,1930,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">– C–E</emphasis>
. collection sites of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750666D24FAD323DF4101F81B" authority="Pes &amp; Desidério &amp; Barcelos-Silva &amp; Hamada, 2019" authorityName="Pes &amp; Desidério &amp; Barcelos-Silva &amp; Hamada" authorityYear="2019" box="[1289,1398,1931,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FAD323DF4101F81B" box="[1289,1398,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. araca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21F9B5D50666D24FF6723FA456CF877" box="[189,283,1966,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FEFF23F9454DF878" bold="true" box="[293,314,1965,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
. Igarapé da (stream) Cobra, Amazonas. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FCFC23FA474CF877" bold="true" box="[806,827,1966,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
. Igarapé (stream) do Jabuti, Amazonas. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650666D24FAFD23FA414CF877" bold="true" box="[1319,1339,1966,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E</emphasis>
. Rio (river) Aracá, Amazonas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450656D27FF67255847A3FE28" blockId="10.[189,1399,267,633]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB48DD1A50656D27FF67255847A3FE28" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750656D27FF67255846DFFE99" authority="- Ulmer 1905: 82" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1905" box="[189,680,267,294]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FF67255845BAFE9A" box="[189,461,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronema tuberosum</emphasis>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FE36255F46DFFE99" author="Ulmer G." box="[492,680,267,294]" page="82" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FE36255F46DFFE99" author="Ulmer G." box="[492,680,267,294]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des kaiserlich-koniglich naturhistorichen Hofmuseums" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="59 - 98" part="20" refId="ref8993" refString="Ulmer G. 1905. Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropaische Trichopteren, hauptsachlich aus dem Wiener Museum. Annalen des kaiserlich-koniglich naturhistorichen Hofmuseums 20: 59 - 98." title="Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropaische Trichopteren, hauptsachlich aus dem Wiener Museum" type="journal article" year="1905">Ulmer 1905: 82</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[Type locality: 
<collectingRegion id="499C34D650656D27FCBF255F47DBFE9A" box="[869,940,267,293]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bahia</collectingRegion>
, Brasilia; NMW; 
<specimenCount id="9D5E31BD50656D27FB5A255840EEFE99" box="[1152,1177,268,294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; wings]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FAFE255F4515FEF4" author="Ulmer G." page="78" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FAFE255F4515FEF4" author="Ulmer G." firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 121" part="6" refId="ref9022" refString="Ulmer G. 1907 a. Trichopteren (Monographie der Macronematinae). Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif 6 (2): 1 - 121." title="Trichopteren (Monographie der Macronematinae)" type="journal article" year="1907" yearSuffix="a">Ulmer 1907a: 78</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 3 [
<specimenCount id="9D5E31BD50656D27FE6F256645B8FEF3" box="[437,463,306,332]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; wings]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FD8125654743FEF3" author="Ulmer G." box="[603,820,305,332]" page="165" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FD8125654743FEF3" author="Ulmer G." box="[603,820,305,332]" editor="Wytsman P." firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Desmet Verteneuil, etc., Bruxelles" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 259" refId="ref9057" refString="Ulmer G. 1907 b. Trichoptera. In: Wytsman P. (ed.) Genera Insectorum: 1 - 259. Desmet Verteneuil, etc., Bruxelles." title="Trichoptera" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Genera Insectorum" year="1907" yearSuffix="b">Ulmer 1907b: 165</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[distribution]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FBDF256540D7FEF3" author="Flint O. S. Jr." box="[1029,1184,305,332]" page="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FBDF256540D7FEF3" author="Flint O. S. Jr." box="[1029,1184,305,332]" firstAuthor="Flint" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 20" part="120" refId="ref7782" refString="Flint O. S. Jr. 1966. Studies of Neotropical Caddisflies, III: Types of some Species Described by Ulmer and Brauer. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 120: 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.120 - 3559.1" title="Studies of Neotropical Caddisflies, III: Types of some Species Described by Ulmer and Brauer" type="journal article" year="1966">Flint 1966: 7</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 1 [
<typeStatus id="54E3449650656D27FADA25654105FEF4" box="[1280,1394,305,331]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
; 
<specimenCount id="9D5E31BD50656D27FF3025034574FECE" box="[234,259,343,369]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; wings]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FE4925034616FECE" author="Ulmer G." box="[403,609,343,369]" page="408" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FE4925034616FECE" author="Ulmer G." box="[403,609,343,369]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="383 - 414" refId="ref9089" refString="Ulmer G. 1913. Verzeichnis der sudamerikanischen Trichopteren, mit Bemerkungen uber einzelne Arten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift: 383 - 414." title="Verzeichnis der sudamerikanischen Trichopteren, mit Bemerkungen uber einzelne Arten" type="book chapter" year="1913">Ulmer 1913: 408</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[distribution]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FCEC25034078FECE" author="Fischer F. C. J." box="[822,1039,343,369]" page="199" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FCEC25034078FECE" author="Fischer F. C. J." box="[822,1039,343,369]" firstAuthor="Fischer" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref7720" refString="Fischer F. C. J. 1963. Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 4: Hydropsychidae, Arctopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." title="Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 4: Hydropsychidae, Arctopsychidae" type="book" year="1963">Fischer 1963: 199</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[bibliography, checklist]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FF302528459DFE28" author="Burmeister E. G." box="[234,490,380,407]" page="273" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FF302528459DFE28" author="Burmeister E. G." box="[234,490,380,407]" firstAuthor="Burmeister" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="265 - 281" part="9" refId="ref7542" refString="Burmeister E. G. 1983. A preliminary study on some groups of insects collected by Spix and Martins during their Brazilian expedition, which were described by Perty and are preserved in the Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich (ZSM). Spixiana 9: 265 - 281." title="A preliminary study on some groups of insects collected by Spix and Martins during their Brazilian expedition, which were described by Perty and are preserved in the Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich (ZSM)" type="journal article" year="1983">Burmeister 1983: 273</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[to synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750656D27FD76252947B5FE29" authorityName="- Ulmer" authorityYear="1907" box="[684,962,380,406]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatum">
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FD76252947B5FE29" box="[684,962,380,406]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronema maculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450656D27FF6725F740F3FDB7" blockId="10.[189,1399,267,633]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB48DD1A50656D27FF6725F740F3FDB7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750656D27FF6725F746BFFE03" authority="- Ulmer 1907 a: 79" authorityName="- Ulmer" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1907" box="[189,712,418,445]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macronema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatum">
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FF6725F745A1FE03" box="[189,470,418,444]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronema maculatum</emphasis>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FE2325F646BFFE03" author="Ulmer G." box="[505,712,418,444]" page="79" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FE2325F646BFFE03" author="Ulmer G." box="[505,712,418,444]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 121" part="6" refId="ref9022" refString="Ulmer G. 1907 a. Trichopteren (Monographie der Macronematinae). Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif 6 (2): 1 - 121." title="Trichopteren (Monographie der Macronematinae)" type="journal article" year="1907" yearSuffix="a">Ulmer 1907a: 79</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 3 [wings; 
<specimenCount id="9D5E31BD50656D27FCA125F647E6FE02" box="[891,913,418,445]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FC1725F640ECFE02" author="Ulmer G." box="[973,1179,418,445]" page="395" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FC1725F640ECFE02" author="Ulmer G." box="[973,1179,418,445]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="383 - 414" refId="ref9089" refString="Ulmer G. 1913. Verzeichnis der sudamerikanischen Trichopteren, mit Bemerkungen uber einzelne Arten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift: 383 - 414." title="Verzeichnis der sudamerikanischen Trichopteren, mit Bemerkungen uber einzelne Arten" type="book chapter" year="1913">Ulmer 1913: 395</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<specimenCount id="9D5E31BD50656D27FB7425F740BFFE02" box="[1198,1224,419,445]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; distribution]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FEC9259C4598FE5D" author="Fischer F. C. J." box="[275,495,456,482]" page="190" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FEC9259C4598FE5D" author="Fischer F. C. J." box="[275,495,456,482]" firstAuthor="Fischer" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref7720" refString="Fischer F. C. J. 1963. Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 4: Hydropsychidae, Arctopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." title="Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 4: Hydropsychidae, Arctopsychidae" type="book" year="1963">Fischer 1963: 190</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[bibliography]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FD05259C4029FE5C" author="Flint O. S. Jr. &amp; Bueno-Soria J." box="[735,1118,456,483]" page="358" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FD05259C4029FE5C" author="Flint O. S. Jr. &amp; Bueno-Soria J." box="[735,1118,456,483]" firstAuthor="Flint" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="358 - 370" part="95" refId="ref7867" refString="Flint O. S. Jr. &amp; Bueno-Soria J. 1982. Studies of Neotropical Caddisflies, XXXII: The immature stages of Macronema variipenne Flint &amp; Bueno, with the division of Macronema by the resurrection of Macrostemum (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95 (2): 358 - 370." title="Studies of Neotropical Caddisflies, XXXII: The immature stages of Macronema variipenne Flint &amp; Bueno, with the division of Macronema by the resurrection of Macrostemum (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)" type="journal article" year="1982">Flint &amp; Bueno-Soria 1982: 358</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750656D27FB4C259D414AFE5D" ID-CoL="5JPK" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1859" box="[1174,1341,457,482]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FB4C259D414AFE5D" box="[1174,1341,457,482]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macrostemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FF3025B9459DFDB7" author="Burmeister E. G." box="[234,490,493,520]" page="273" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FF3025B9459DFDB7" author="Burmeister E. G." box="[234,490,493,520]" firstAuthor="Burmeister" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="265 - 281" part="9" refId="ref7542" refString="Burmeister E. G. 1983. A preliminary study on some groups of insects collected by Spix and Martins during their Brazilian expedition, which were described by Perty and are preserved in the Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich (ZSM). Spixiana 9: 265 - 281." title="A preliminary study on some groups of insects collected by Spix and Martins during their Brazilian expedition, which were described by Perty and are preserved in the Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich (ZSM)" type="journal article" year="1983">Burmeister 1983: 273</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[type situation]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FD0A25B947A7FDB7" author="Burmeister E. G." box="[720,976,493,520]" page="259" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FD0A25B947A7FDB7" author="Burmeister E. G." box="[720,976,493,520]" firstAuthor="Burmeister" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="259 - 262" part="11" refId="ref7592" refString="Burmeister E. G. 1989. Der Lectotypus von Macronema maculatum (Perty 1833) (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae). Spixiana 11: 259 - 262." title="Der Lectotypus von Macronema maculatum (Perty 1833) (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae)" type="journal article" year="1989">Burmeister 1989: 259</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus id="54E3449650656D27FC0425B94027FDB8" box="[990,1104,493,519]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
; 
<specimenCount id="9D5E31BD50656D27FB8625B94001FDB7" box="[1116,1142,493,520]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450656D27FF67264047A4FDC6" blockId="10.[189,1399,267,633]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB48DD1A50656D27FF67264047A4FDC6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750656D27FF6726404692FD92" authority="- Flint et al. 1999: 68" authorityName="Flint et al." authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="1999" box="[189,741,531,558]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatum">
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FF672640459CFD92" box="[189,491,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macrostemum maculatum</emphasis>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FDDF26474692FD92" author="Flint O. S. Jr. &amp; Holzenthal R. W. &amp; Harris S. C." box="[517,741,531,557]" page="68" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FDDF26474692FD92" author="Flint O. S. Jr. &amp; Holzenthal R. W. &amp; Harris S. C." box="[517,741,531,557]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Flint" journalOrPublisher="Special Publication, Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref7929" refString="Flint O. S. Jr., Holzenthal R. W. &amp; Harris S. C. 1999. Catalog of the Neotropical Caddisflies (Trichoptera). Special Publication, Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus." title="Catalog of the Neotropical Caddisflies (Trichoptera)" type="book" year="1999">
Flint 
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FD982640460DFD92" box="[578,634,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
1999: 68
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[catalog]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FC58264740F2FD92" author="Paprocki H. &amp; Holzenthal R. W. &amp; Blahnik R. J." box="[898,1157,531,557]" page="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FC58264740F2FD92" author="Paprocki H. &amp; Holzenthal R. W. &amp; Blahnik R. J." box="[898,1157,531,557]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Paprocki" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 22" part="4" refId="ref8522" refString="Paprocki H., Holzenthal R. W. &amp; Blahnik R. J. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotropica 4 (1): 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032004000100008" title="Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I" type="journal article" year="2004">
Paprocki 
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FC2A2640405EFD92" box="[1008,1065,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
2004: 8
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[checklist]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FAEF26474515FDEC" author="Calor A. R." page="321" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FAEF26474515FDEC" author="Calor A. R." firstAuthor="Calor" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="317 - 328" part="11" refId="ref7621" refString="Calor A. R. 2011. Checklist of Trichoptera (Insecta) from Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 11: 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000500028" title="Checklist of Trichoptera (Insecta) from Sao Paulo State, Brazil" type="journal article" year="2011">Calor 2011: 321</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[checklist]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FDC4266D47D5FDEC" author="Barcelos-Silva P. &amp; Pes A. M. O. &amp; Salles F. F." box="[542,930,569,595]" page="1278" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FDC4266D47D5FDEC" author="Barcelos-Silva P. &amp; Pes A. M. O. &amp; Salles F. F." box="[542,930,569,595]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barcelos-Silva" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1274 - 1279" part="8" refId="ref7443" refString="Barcelos-Silva P., Pes A. M. O. &amp; Salles F. F. 2012. Annulipalpia (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Check List 8 (6): 1274 - 1279. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.6.1274" title="Annulipalpia (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil" type="journal article" year="2012">
Barcelos-Silva 
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FD0F266E4765FDEC" box="[725,786,569,595]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
2012: 1278
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[distribution]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FBA4266D4526FDC6" author="Dumas L. L. &amp; Nessimian J. L." page="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FBA4266D4526FDC6" author="Dumas L. L. &amp; Nessimian J. L." firstAuthor="Dumas" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Science" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 38" part="12" refId="ref7662" refString="Dumas L. L. &amp; Nessimian J. L. 2012. Faunistic catalog of the caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Parque Nacional do Itatiaia and its surroundings in southeastern Brazil. Journal of Insect Science 12 (1): 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1673 / 031.012.2501" title="Faunistic catalog of the caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Parque Nacional do Itatiaia and its surroundings in southeastern Brazil" type="journal article" year="2012">Dumas &amp; Nessimian 2012: 13</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[checklist]. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF9DC2550656D27FDD2260B476FFDC6" author="Franca D. &amp; Paprocki H. &amp; Calor A. R." box="[520,792,606,633]" page="309" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550656D27FDD2260B476FFDC6" author="Franca D. &amp; Paprocki H. &amp; Calor A. R." box="[520,792,606,633]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Franca" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="301 - 335" part="3716" refId="ref8021" refString="Franca D., Paprocki H. &amp; Calor A. R. 2013. The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males. Zootaxa 3716: 301 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.3.1" title="The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males" type="journal article" year="2013">
<collectingCountry id="F34FBAA450656D27FDD2260B462FFDC6" box="[520,600,607,633]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">França</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FD85260B46EDFDC7" box="[607,666,606,632]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
2013: 309
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[to synonymy].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342A9BF50656D27FF6726F64607FC6F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450656D27FF6726F645DDFD03" blockId="10.[189,426,674,700]" box="[189,426,674,700]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0AF4D5850656D27FF6726F645DDFD03" bold="true" box="[189,426,674,700]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FF6726F645DDFD03" bold="true" box="[189,426,674,700]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450656D27FF6726804607FC6F" blockId="10.[189,1399,721,976]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="3B30F06950656D27FF672680448AFC86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273101497" collectingDate="2017-09-14" collectingDateMax="2017-09-15" collectingDateMin="2017-09-14" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="G. R. Desiderio &amp; E. P. Brandao &amp; L. M. Fusari" country="Brazil" county="Pocos de Caldas" elevation="1327" latitude="-21.892555" location="Second-order" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-46.551056" municipality="Fazenda de Eucalipto" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectingCountry id="F34FBAA450656D27FF672680455BFD51" box="[189,300,724,750]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
: • 
<specimenCount id="9D5E31BD50656D27FE9926804507FD51" box="[323,368,724,750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingRegion id="499C34D650656D27FEA02687466FFD52" box="[378,536,723,749]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="628682B850656D27FDF826804696FD52" box="[546,737,723,750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Poços de Caldas</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83604E50656D27FD3026874793FD52" box="[746,996,723,749]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fazenda de Eucalipto</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E87ACEF50656D27FC34268740FBFD52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F14B2250676D3DFDFB22FD47B8FCFC:8E87ACEF50656D27FC34268740FBFD52" box="[1006,1164,723,749]" country="Brazil" county="Pocos de Caldas" latitude="-21.892555" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-46.551056" municipality="Fazenda de Eucalipto" name="Second-order" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Second-order</location>
stream; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C9CF350656D27FB37268544B8FCAC" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="33.2" value="-21.892555">21º53′33.2″ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C9CF350656D27FF0426A345F9FCAB" box="[222,398,759,788]" degrees="46" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="03.8" value="-46.551056">46º33′03.8″ W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 
<elevation id="00751D0750656D27FE1026AD465FFCAB" box="[458,552,761,788]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.327" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1327.0">
<quantity id="4CA057D150656D27FE1026AD465FFCAB" box="[458,552,761,788]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.327" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1327.0">1327 m</quantity>
</elevation>
; 
<collectingDate id="EFA2251C50656D27FDED26AD4773FCAC" box="[567,772,761,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2017-09-14" valueMax="2017-09-15" valueMin="2017-09-14">
<date id="FFE6DCF450656D27FDED26AD4773FCAC" box="[567,772,761,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2017-09-14" valueMax="2017-09-15" valueMin="2017-09-14">14–15 Sep. 2017</date>
</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName id="26AD9FE250656D27FCC826AD47BFFCAC" box="[786,968,761,787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G.R. Desidério</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26AD9FE250656D27FC0F26AE4018FCAC" box="[981,1135,761,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E.P. Brandão</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="26AD9FE250656D27FB7726AE414EFCAC" box="[1197,1337,761,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L.M. Fusari</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectionCode id="ED4962F150656D27FF67274B448AFC86" box="[189,253,799,825]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INPA</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B30F06950656D27FEC5274B4673FC3B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273101500" collectingDate="2017-09-22" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="G. R. Desiderio &amp; E. P. Brandao &amp; L. M. Fusari" country="Brazil" county="Salesopolis" elevation="864" latitude="-23.651304" location="Corrego Venerando" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-45.891197" municipality="Estacao Biologica Boraceia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-larva="10" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<specimenCount id="9D5E31BD50656D27FEC5274B45E4FC86" box="[287,403,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
, 1 pharate pupa 
<specimenCount id="9D5E31BD50656D27FDBF274B4609FC86" box="[613,638,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingRegion id="499C34D650656D27FD55274B477AFC86" box="[655,781,799,825]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="628682B850656D27FCC7274B47D1FC86" box="[797,934,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Salesópolis</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83604E50656D27FC6C274B4171FC86" box="[950,1286,799,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Estação Biológica Boracéia</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E87ACEF50656D27FACC274B4549FCE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F14B2250676D3DFDFB22FD47B8FCFC:8E87ACEF50656D27FACC274B4549FCE1" country="Brazil" county="Salesopolis" latitude="-23.651304" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-45.891197" municipality="Estacao Biologica Boraceia" name="Corrego Venerando" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Córrego Venerando</location>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C9CF350656D27FE9427174580FCE0" box="[334,503,835,863]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="04.7" value="-23.651304">23°39′04.7″ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C9CF350656D27FDD2271746CAFCE0" box="[520,701,835,863]" degrees="45" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="28.3" value="-45.891197">45°53′28.3″ W</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 
<elevation id="00751D0750656D27FD2727104739FCE0" box="[765,846,836,863]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.64" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="864.0">
<quantity id="4CA057D150656D27FD2727104739FCE0" box="[765,846,836,863]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.64" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="864.0">864 m</quantity>
</elevation>
; 
<collectingDate id="EFA2251C50656D27FC8427114074FCE0" box="[862,1027,837,863]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2017-09-22">
<date id="FFE6DCF450656D27FC8427114074FCE0" box="[862,1027,837,863]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2017-09-22">22 Sep. 2017</date>
</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName id="26AD9FE250656D27FBC9271140BCFCE1" box="[1043,1227,836,863]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G.R. Desidério</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26AD9FE250656D27FB0027114101FCE1" box="[1242,1398,836,863]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E.P. Brandão</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="26AD9FE250656D27FF2B273F4509FC3B" box="[241,382,874,901]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L.M. Fusari</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectionCode id="ED4962F150656D27FE1E273E4673FC3B" box="[452,516,874,900]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INPA</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B30F06950656D27FDF8273E461AFC6F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2273101496" collectingDate="2017-09-20" collectingDateMax="2017-09-22" collectingDateMin="2017-09-20" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="G. R. Desiderio &amp; E. P. Brandao &amp; L. M. Fusari" country="Brazil" county="Salesopolis" latitude="-23.653666" location="Corrego Venerando" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-45.890114" municipality="Estacao Biologica Boraceia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<specimenCount id="9D5E31BD50656D27FDF8273E461EFC3A" box="[546,617,874,901]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingRegion id="499C34D650656D27FDAD273E4684FC3B" box="[631,755,874,900]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="628682B850656D27FCDA273E47FEFC3B" box="[768,905,874,900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Salesópolis</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83604E50656D27FC4D273F4095FC3B" box="[919,1250,874,901]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Estação Biológica Boracéia</collectingMunicipality>
, tributary of the 
<location id="8E87ACEF50656D27FF3027C445A7FC15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F14B2250676D3DFDFB22FD47B8FCFC:8E87ACEF50656D27FF3027C445A7FC15" box="[234,464,912,938]" country="Brazil" county="Salesopolis" latitude="-23.653666" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-45.890114" municipality="Estacao Biologica Boraceia" name="Corrego Venerando" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Córrego Venerando</location>
stream; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C9CF350656D27FDE327DA46A9FC15" box="[569,734,910,938]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="13.2" value="-23.653666">23º39′13.2″ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C9CF350656D27FD3627DA47EAFC15" box="[748,925,910,938]" degrees="45" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="24.4" value="-45.890114">45º53′24.4″ W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<collectingDate id="EFA2251C50656D27FC7127C4400FFC15" box="[939,1144,912,938]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2017-09-20" valueMax="2017-09-22" valueMin="2017-09-20">
<date id="FFE6DCF450656D27FC7127C4400FFC15" box="[939,1144,912,938]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2017-09-20" valueMax="2017-09-22" valueMin="2017-09-20">20–22 Sep. 2017</date>
</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName id="26AD9FE250656D27FB5C27C4414CFC15" box="[1158,1339,912,938]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">G.R. Desidério</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26AD9FE250656D27FA9327C44557FC70" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E.P. Brandão</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="26AD9FE250656D27FE8327E24593FC70" box="[345,484,949,976]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L.M. Fusari</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectionCode id="ED4962F150656D27FDFD27E2461AFC6F" box="[551,621,950,976]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">INPA</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342A9BF50656D3DFF6727AD46D5FD6C" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450656D27FF6727AD4539FBAC" blockId="10.[189,334,1017,1043]" box="[189,334,1017,1043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0AF4D5850656D27FF6727AD4539FBAC" bold="true" box="[189,334,1017,1043]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FF6727AD4539FBAC" bold="true" box="[189,334,1017,1043]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450656D27FF30207F4636FBFA" blockId="10.[189,946,1065,1131]" box="[234,577,1065,1093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FF30207F4521FBFB" bold="true" box="[234,342,1066,1093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Larva (5</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B92C262650656D27FE8D207D45B7FBFB" bold="true" box="[343,448,1065,1092]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<superScript id="7C2D577C50656D27FE8D207D4511FB88" attach="left" box="[343,358,1065,1079]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">th</superScript>
instar)
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150656D27FE0A207E464FFBFA" box="[464,568,1066,1093]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionStartId-1="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-2="13.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetBox-2="[258,1377,1386,1922]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[189,1398,1341,1923]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="Fig. 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, left lateral view. D. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. E. Labrum, dorsal view. F. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 8. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva; gill formula (MS = mesothorax; MT = metathorax; i–viii = abdominal segments; V = ventral gills; VL = ventrolateral gills; L = lateral gills)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3261185/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 6–8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450656D27FF67200447C5FBD4" blockId="10.[189,946,1065,1131]" box="[189,946,1104,1131]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Length 
<quantity id="4CA057D150656D27FECD200445B5FBD4" box="[279,450,1104,1131]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" metricValueMax="2.12" metricValueMin="1.96" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="20.4" valueMax="21.2" valueMin="19.6">19.6–21.2 mm</quantity>
(mean = 
<quantity id="4CA057D150656D27FDE8200446EAFBD4" box="[562,669,1104,1131]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.03" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="20.3">20.3 mm</quantity>
, SD = 
<quantity id="4CA057D150656D27FD372004472EFBD4" box="[749,857,1104,1131]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.66">0.66 mm</quantity>
, n = 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450656D27FF6720C04021F853" blockId="10.[189,1399,1172,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
HEAD. Subrectangular and flattened in dorsal view, with anterior margin 1.5 × wider than posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150656D27FEFE20EE45F1FB6A" box="[292,390,1210,1237]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, left lateral view. D. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. E. Labrum, dorsal view. F. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
); dark-brown except for darker anterodorsal region; each stemmata surrounded by a pale-yellow oval spot; muscle scars inconspicuous. Dorsolateral carina prominent passing above eyes, extending to posterior region, diverging from the frontoclypeal suture (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150656D27FB8F215140ADFAA0" box="[1109,1242,1285,1311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, left lateral view. D. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. E. Labrum, dorsal view. F. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6A, C</figureCitation>
). Chaetotaxy consisting of #2, #3, #7, #9, #11, #13, #14, #16, #17 [dorsal setae], #12 [lateral setae], #8, #10 [ventral setae]. Primary setae mostly long, thick and pale brown (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150656D27FC90210447FAFAD4" box="[842,909,1360,1387]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, left lateral view. D. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. E. Labrum, dorsal view. F. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A–C). Frontoclypeus with anterior margin straight, symmetrical (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150656D27FE102122465BFA2E" box="[458,556,1398,1425]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, left lateral view. D. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. E. Labrum, dorsal view. F. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Labrum golden-brown, with large membranous basal region bearing 2 transverse sclerites adjacent to frontoclypeus; anterior margin protruding medially, with dense fringe of pale-yellow, hairlike setae over its entire length and a row of short, brown clavate setae; laterally with a pair of pectinate brushes of setae, long, yellowish-brown and anteriorly directed; mesodorsally surface with short, stout brown setae and one pair of long, parallel, submarginal setae (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150656D27FB5E22594094F997" box="[1156,1251,1549,1576]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, left lateral view. D. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. E. Labrum, dorsal view. F. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
). Mandibles asymmetrical, each external margin with pale, long, thin setae; left mandible with 1 obtuse molar tooth, 1 bilobed, mesal tooth, 2 subequal acute subapical teeth, 1 acute, apical tooth, 1 apicodorsal tooth; right mandible with 1 obtuse molar tooth, 1 obtuse mesal tooth, 1 obtuse subapical tooth, 1 acute apical tooth, 1 apicodorsal tooth; both mandibles without dorsomesal tuft of thin setae (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150656D27FB9D22F740D3F901" box="[1095,1188,1699,1726]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, left lateral view. D. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. E. Labrum, dorsal view. F. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
). Lateral sides of head with series of pale-brown muscle scars located posteriorly to occipital margin at posterior tentorial pit (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150656D27FF2A22BB4526F8B5" box="[240,337,1775,1802]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, left lateral view. D. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. E. Labrum, dorsal view. F. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Genae located ventrally, each with conspicuous patch of strongly marked, transverse stridulatory lines; widely separated at ⅓ anterior, gradually turning more closely-spaced posteriorly; pale-brown mark covering stridulatory lines and slightly narrowing to posterior region; muscle scars oval and pale grouped on posterior half and scarcely discernible (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150656D27FC1A23344035F8C5" box="[960,1090,1888,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, left lateral view. D. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. E. Labrum, dorsal view. F. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6B, D</figureCitation>
). Submentum trapezoidal, large; anterior margin slightly accentuated medially, with long, dark anterolateral setae (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150656D27FB6E23D14179F81F" box="[1204,1294,1925,1952]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, left lateral view. D. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. E. Labrum, dorsal view. F. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Ventral ecdysial suture absent anteriorly on the right side; anterior ventral apotome subtriangular, wider than long; posterior ventral apotome triangular, minute, longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150656D27FC302385403EF853" box="[1002,1097,2001,2028]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1399,283,1886]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, left lateral view. D. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. E. Labrum, dorsal view. F. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF27AABC50646D26FF6723DD4682F855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261181/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[189,232,1929,1955]" targetBox="[189,1399,283,1886]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450646D26FF6723DD4682F855" blockId="11.[189,1399,1928,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B92C262650646D26FF6723DD4565F81C" bold="true" box="[189,274,1929,1955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750646D26FEFA23DD4755F81C" authority="(Fischer, 1970)" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[288,802,1928,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C262650646D26FEFA23DD4620F81D" box="[288,599,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Macrostemum brasiliense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550646D26FDB723DD476EF81C" author="Fischer F. C. J." box="[621,793,1929,1955]" firstAuthor="Fischer" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref7746" refString="Fischer F. C. J. 1970. Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." title="Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae" type="book" year="1970">Fischer, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, larva. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650646D26FC5F23DD47EDF81C" bold="true" box="[901,922,1929,1955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
. Head, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650646D26FB7223DD40CBF81C" bold="true" box="[1192,1212,1929,1955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
. Head, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650646D26FEDE23F8456EF879" bold="true" box="[260,281,1964,1990]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
. Head, left lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650646D26FD9823F84620F879" bold="true" box="[578,599,1964,1990]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
. Stridulatory lines of genae, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650646D26FB8C23F8401DF879" bold="true" box="[1110,1130,1964,1990]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
. Labrum, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650646D26FF67239B44B8F856" bold="true" box="[189,207,1999,2025]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">F</emphasis>
. Mandibles, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF27AABC50636D21FF6723DE4799F854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[189,1399,295,1889]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450636D21FF6723DE4799F854" blockId="12.[189,1399,1930,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B92C262650636D21FF6723DE457EF81B" bold="true" box="[189,265,1930,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750636D21FED423DF4682F81B" authority="(Fischer, 1970)" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[270,757,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C262650636D21FED423DF464BF81B" box="[270,572,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Macrostemum brasiliense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550636D21FD9323DE469BF81B" author="Fischer F. C. J." box="[585,748,1930,1956]" firstAuthor="Fischer" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref7746" refString="Fischer F. C. J. 1970. Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." title="Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae" type="book" year="1970">Fischer, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, larva. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650636D21FC9C23DE472CF81B" bold="true" box="[838,859,1930,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
. Larval habitus. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650636D21FBC723DE4046F81B" bold="true" box="[1053,1073,1930,1956]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650636D21FF6723F944A5F878" bold="true" box="[189,210,1965,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
. Prosternum sclerite. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650636D21FE0123FA4587F877" bold="true" box="[475,496,1966,1992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
<subScript id="17DCF87150636D21FE2A23EB458EF872" attach="left" box="[496,505,1983,1997]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B92C262650636D21FE2A23EB458EF872" bold="true" box="[496,505,1983,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</emphasis>
</subScript>
. Foreleg. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650636D21FDAF23FA46FDF877" bold="true" box="[629,650,1966,1992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
<subScript id="17DCF87150636D21FD5123EB46E3F872" attach="right" box="[651,660,1983,1997]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B92C262650636D21FD5123EB46E3F872" bold="true" box="[651,660,1983,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</emphasis>
</subScript>
. Midleg. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650636D21FCD123FA4757F877" bold="true" box="[779,800,1966,1992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
<subScript id="17DCF87150636D21FCFA23EB475EF872" attach="left" box="[800,809,1983,1997]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B92C262650636D21FCFA23EB475EF872" bold="true" box="[800,809,1983,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3</emphasis>
</subScript>
. Hindleg. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650636D21FC7023FA47C9F877" bold="true" box="[938,958,1966,1992]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 
<subScript id="17DCF87150636D21FCC223B64756F84F" attach="left" box="[792,801,2018,2032]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
–D 
<subScript id="17DCF87150636D21FC9E23B6473AF84F" attach="left" box="[836,845,2018,2032]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3</subScript>
, E = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450626D20FF67255846AEFC1F" blockId="13.[189,1399,267,933]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
THORAX.Nota sclerotized and covered with short, thin, brown, acuminate peg-like setae, mixed with long, slender, hair-like setae. Pronotum divided by longitudinal ecdysial line, dark-brown, muscle scars barely visible, grouped posterolaterally and with anterolateral pronotal margin slightly concave (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FB3D2506415AFED3" box="[1255,1325,338,364]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A–B). Meso- and metanotum not divided by ecdysial lines, pale-brown, darker midlaterally, lateral diagonal grooves slightly visible, muscle scars barely visible, grouped posterolaterally (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FBAC25CC40A0FE0C" box="[1142,1239,408,435]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Prosternum without gills, broadly transverse, without triangular, posteromesal sclerite (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FB8625EF40C9FE69" box="[1116,1214,443,470]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
); mesosternum without gills; metasternum with 2 pairs of ventrolateral gills, each with long stalk and few regularly distributed lateral filaments (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FDD526564621FDA3" box="[527,598,514,540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[258,1377,1386,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1398,1341,1923]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva; gill formula (MS = mesothorax; MT = metathorax; i–viii = abdominal segments; V = ventral gills; VL = ventrolateral gills; L = lateral gills)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261185/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Foretrochantin triangular, tapered to apex with a row of numerous median, stout, brown, acuminate peg-like setae (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FD272671472EFDFF" box="[765,857,549,576]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FC8326634715FDFA" box="[857,866,567,581]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,265,1890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Macrostemum araca sp. nov., adult male. A. Dorsal habitus. B–C. Head, dorsal and frontal views. D. Forewing (holotype). E. Forewing, variation in the apical area (paratype). F. Hindwing (holotype). G. Process of sternite V. Scale bars: A, D–F = 2 mm; B–C = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261169/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subScript id="17DCF87150626D20FC8326634715FDFA" attach="left" box="[857,866,567,581]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
). Foreleg dark-brown, shorter than mid- and hind legs; foreleg coxae with anterodorsal process slightly pronounced; with four long, dark, thick setae on posterodorsal region, ventral margin covered with numerous short, pale, slender setae and two long dark thick setae posteriorly; trochanters and femora each with numerous pale-yellow, long, slender setae on ventral margin, mixed with row of 11–13 dark, long, slender setae; femora each with slender, digitate basomesal process on internal surface; tibiae and tarsi with dense fringe of pale-yellow, medium-sized, slender setae on dorsal margin and row of thick setae on ventral margin (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FBC026AC4002FCAC" box="[1050,1141,760,787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FBAF275E4009FCA7" box="[1141,1150,778,792]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1399,265,1890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Macrostemum araca sp. nov., adult male. A. Dorsal habitus. B–C. Head, dorsal and frontal views. D. Forewing (holotype). E. Forewing, variation in the apical area (paratype). F. Hindwing (holotype). G. Process of sternite V. Scale bars: A, D–F = 2 mm; B–C = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261169/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subScript id="17DCF87150626D20FBAF275E4009FCA7" attach="left" box="[1141,1150,778,792]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
). Mid- and hind legs paler, similar in size, shape, and structure; femora each with numerous medium-sized, pale-yellowish, slender setae on ventral margin, mixed with 4 dark, long, slender setae, and 2 dark, long apicodorsal setae; tibiae and tarsi with numerous medium-sized pale-yellow, slender setae on ventral margin, and dark, long, slender dorsal setae (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FDE227D146E4FC1F" box="[568,659,901,928]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FD4927C346B7FC1F" box="[659,704,902,933]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1966,1992]" captionTargetBox="[215,1372,1089,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[215,1372,1089,1924]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Macrostemum araca sp. nov., adult male. A. Venation of the forewing (holotype). B. Venation of the hindwing (holotype). Scale bar = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261171/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subScript id="17DCF87150626D20FD4927C346EBFC1A" attach="left" box="[659,668,919,933]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</subScript>
–D
</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FD6527C346BFFC1A" box="[703,712,919,933]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1931,1957]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,305,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,302,1889]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Macrostemum araca sp. nov., male genitalia. A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view. D–E. Phallus, lateral view. F–G. Phallus, dorsal view. H–I. Phallus, ventral view. Scale bars: A–D = 0.2 mm; E–I = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261173/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subScript id="17DCF87150626D20FD6527C346BFFC1A" attach="left" box="[703,712,919,933]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</subScript>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450626D23FF672793462FFEF5" blockId="13.[189,1399,966,1275]" lastBlockId="14.[189,1399,267,330]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
ABDOMEN. Abdominal segments densely covered with long, dark, thin, hair-like setae; with slightly depression on cuticle. Lateral fringe of setae absent (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FC9E27BE47D0FBBB" box="[836,935,1002,1028]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Ventral gills on abdominal segments I–VII; ventrolateral gills on abdominal segments II–III; lateral gills on abdominal segments I–VII; shape and position of gills as indicated in table of 
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FCC220644709FBF5" box="[792,894,1072,1098]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[258,1377,1386,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[189,1398,1341,1923]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva; gill formula (MS = mesothorax; MT = metathorax; i–viii = abdominal segments; V = ventral gills; VL = ventrolateral gills; L = lateral gills)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261185/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 8</figureCitation>
. Sternum VIII with 2 small sclerites; each sclerite with 5–6 medium-sized, dark, slender setae (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FC9E200747D3FBD1" box="[836,932,1107,1134]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
). Segment IX with small, dorsolateral plate bearing 2 long, dark, slender setae, and with a row of long, dark setae laterally (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FB7A20224088FB2E" box="[1184,1279,1142,1169]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Sternum IX with 2 subrectangular sclerites, longer than wide, bearing moderate-sized, pale-yellowish, spikelike setae with spines emanating from prominent sockets; each sclerite with 12–14 long slender, dark setae on external and posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150626D20FD4920B44687FB44" box="[659,752,1248,1275]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
). Anal prolegs each with lateral sclerite bearing tuft of numerous, long, hair-like dorsal setae; anal claws stout, right-angled, each with 1 bent, simple, long, dark, ventrobasal seta (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150616D23FE16257B463CFEF5" box="[460,587,303,330]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1399,295,1889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), larva. A. Larval habitus. B. Thoracic nota, dorsal view. C. Prosternum sclerite. D 1. Foreleg. D 2. Midleg. D 3. Hindleg. E. Sternum VIII, IX and anal prolegs, ventral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm; D 1 –D 3, E = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261183/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 7A, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF27AABC50626D20FF6723F94115F854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261185/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[189,232,1965,1991]" targetBox="[258,1377,1386,1922]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450626D20FF6723F94115F854" blockId="13.[189,1399,1965,2027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92C262650626D20FF6723F94565F878" bold="true" box="[189,274,1965,1991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750626D20FEFB23FA4754F878" authority="(Fischer, 1970)" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[289,803,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C262650626D20FEFB23FA4620F878" box="[289,599,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Macrostemum brasiliense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550626D20FDB423F9476DF878" author="Fischer F. C. J." box="[622,794,1965,1991]" firstAuthor="Fischer" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref7746" refString="Fischer F. C. J. 1970. Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." title="Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae" type="book" year="1970">Fischer, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, larva; gill formula (MS = mesothorax; MT = metathorax; i–viii = abdominal segments; V = ventral gills; VL = ventrolateral gills; L = lateral gills).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450616D23FF672526472CFE6B" blockId="14.[189,1399,369,468]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
LARVAL RETREAT. The larval retreat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750616D23FD5C25264747FE34" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[646,816,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FD5C25264747FE34" box="[646,816,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750616D23FBF1252640A5FE34" authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1859" box="[1067,1234,370,395]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FBF1252640A5FE34" box="[1067,1234,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Macrostemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550616D23FF3F25C245F5FE10" author="Sattler W." box="[229,386,405,432]" firstAuthor="Sattler" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="26 - 60" part="59" refId="ref8823" refString="Sattler W. 1963. Uber die Korperbau die Okologie und Ethologie der Larve und Puppe von Macronema Pict. (Hydropsychidae), ein als Larve sich von ' Mikro-Drift' ernahrendes Trichopteraus dem Amazonasgebiet. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 59 (1): 26 - 60." title="Uber die Korperbau die Okologie und Ethologie der Larve und Puppe von Macronema Pict. (Hydropsychidae), ein als Larve sich von ' Mikro-Drift' ernahrendes Trichopteraus dem Amazonasgebiet" type="journal article" year="1963">Sattler (1963</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550616D23FE4825C145B9FE0F" author="Sattler W." box="[402,462,405,432]" firstAuthor="Sattler" journalOrPublisher="Amazoniana" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="211 - 229" part="1" refId="ref8871" refString="Sattler W. 1968. Weitere Mitteilungen uber die Okethologie einer neotropischen Macronema - Larve (Hydropsychidae, Trichoptera). Amazoniana 1 (3): 211 - 229." title="Weitere Mitteilungen uber die Okethologie einer neotropischen Macronema - Larve (Hydropsychidae, Trichoptera)" type="journal article" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
) and illustrated in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550616D23FD6C25C24708FE0F" author="Pes A. M. O. &amp; Hamada N. &amp; Nessimian J. L." box="[694,895,405,432]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pes" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="181 - 204" part="49" refId="ref8645" refString="Pes A. M. O., Hamada N. &amp; Nessimian J. L. 2005. Chaves de identificacao de larvas para familias e generos de Trichoptera (Insecta) da Amazonia Central, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 49 (2): 181 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262005000200002" title="Chaves de identificacao de larvas para familias e generos de Trichoptera (Insecta) da Amazonia Central, Brasil" type="journal article" year="2005">
Pes 
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FD3325C24750FE10" box="[745,807,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
from an unidentified species of Brazilian Amazonia, with an elaborate net for fine particle capture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450616D23FF3025A845FCFDA9" blockId="14.[189,539,508,570]" box="[234,395,508,534]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FF3025A8455CFDA9" bold="true" box="[234,299,508,534]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pupa</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150616D23FEE625A845F6FDA9" box="[316,385,508,534]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[190,233,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), pupa. A. Pupal habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mandibles, dorsal view. D. Hook plates, dorsal view (III–VIII = abdominal segments, a = anterior, p = posterior). E. Abdominal segments IX–X, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B, E = 0.05 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261187/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450616D23FF672674466CFD85" blockId="14.[189,539,508,570]" box="[189,539,544,570]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Body length 
<quantity id="4CA057D150616D23FE8F267445CAFD85" box="[341,445,544,570]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="16.7">16.7 mm</quantity>
(n = 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450616D23FF6726364119FC8F" blockId="14.[189,1399,610,817]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
HEAD. Labrum with anterior margin rounded; anteromesal region without setae; basolateral lobes each with 2 medium-sized setae (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150616D23FDD226D24611FD1F" box="[520,614,646,672]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[190,233,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), pupa. A. Pupal habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mandibles, dorsal view. D. Hook plates, dorsal view (III–VIII = abdominal segments, a = anterior, p = posterior). E. Abdominal segments IX–X, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B, E = 0.05 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261187/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). Mandibles asymmetrical, broad basally, curved mesally, tapering to apex, each with long setal brush basolaterally; inner margin with acute teeth mesally, 3 on both mandibles, and apical half of mandibles finely serrated (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150616D23FCAE269A47A2FD57" box="[884,981,718,744]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[190,233,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), pupa. A. Pupal habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mandibles, dorsal view. D. Hook plates, dorsal view (III–VIII = abdominal segments, a = anterior, p = posterior). E. Abdominal segments IX–X, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B, E = 0.05 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261187/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). Frons faces anteriorly with oval protruding lobe, mesally bilobed bearing 9–11 long, dark setae and one medium-sized seta on each lobe, posteriorly with 8 long, dark setae. Basal antennal article with 5 medium-sized, brown setae (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150616D23FADE27424116FC8F" box="[1284,1377,790,816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[190,233,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), pupa. A. Pupal habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mandibles, dorsal view. D. Hook plates, dorsal view (III–VIII = abdominal segments, a = anterior, p = posterior). E. Abdominal segments IX–X, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B, E = 0.05 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261187/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450616D23FF67270C468EFC29" blockId="14.[189,1398,856,918]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
THORAX. Pale yellow, with dark spots laterodorsally. Tibia and tarsus of midleg broad and flattened, with well-developed lateral fringes of setae (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150616D23FD572728469BFC29" box="[653,748,892,918]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[190,233,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), pupa. A. Pupal habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mandibles, dorsal view. D. Hook plates, dorsal view (III–VIII = abdominal segments, a = anterior, p = posterior). E. Abdominal segments IX–X, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B, E = 0.05 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261187/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450616D23FF6727EA46B1FAFF" blockId="14.[189,1399,958,1344]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
ABDOMEN. Numerous moderate-sized, yellowish-brown, spike-like setae covering abdominal terga II, III on its posterior portion, and a file of long, thin, dark, hair-like setae on tergum IV in its entire posterior portion (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150616D23FE4C2052458FFB9F" box="[406,504,1030,1056]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[190,233,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), pupa. A. Pupal habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mandibles, dorsal view. D. Hook plates, dorsal view (III–VIII = abdominal segments, a = anterior, p = posterior). E. Abdominal segments IX–X, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B, E = 0.05 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261187/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Lateral fringe absent. Abdominal terga with pairs of anterior hook plates (a) on segments III–VIII with hooks directed posterad; pair of posterior hook plates (p) on segment III with hooks directed anterad; hook-plate pair IIIa with 2–3 pointed, stout hooks; hook-plate pair IIIp with 56–60 sharply pointed, small hooks; hook-plate pair IVa each with 2 pointed, stout hooks; hook-plate pair Va with 2 pointed, stout hooks and 1–2 mesal, smaller; hook-plate pair VIa each with 1 bifid hook, 1 pointed, stout hook and 1 minute; hook-plate pair VIIa with 2 pointed, stout hooks and 1 smaller; hook-plate pair VIIIa each with 2 pointed, stout hooks (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150616D23FC8D208A47C0FB47" box="[855,951,1246,1272]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[190,233,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), pupa. A. Pupal habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mandibles, dorsal view. D. Hook plates, dorsal view (III–VIII = abdominal segments, a = anterior, p = posterior). E. Abdominal segments IX–X, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B, E = 0.05 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261187/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
). Apical processes of segments IX–X long, slender, widely separated, each with 23–24 long lateral, setae on external margin and 6–9 long subapical setae on internal margin (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B150616D23FD87217246CEFAFF" box="[605,697,1318,1344]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[190,233,1896,1922]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[189,1399,274,1854]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970), pupa. A. Pupal habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mandibles, dorsal view. D. Hook plates, dorsal view (III–VIII = abdominal segments, a = anterior, p = posterior). E. Abdominal segments IX–X, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B, E = 0.05 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261187/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450616D23FF67213C477FFA50" blockId="14.[189,1399,1382,1519]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
PUPAL RETREAT. Inside the larval retreat, the 5 
<superScript id="7C2D577C50616D23FD0B213246A9FACB" attach="left" box="[721,734,1382,1396]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">th</superScript>
instar constructs a tubular case of resistant sand covered with silk, with a small opening in the posterior region; in the anterior region the opening is closed with a cover of sand where the larva weaves the pupal cocoon, it is similar to that of the Amazonian undetermined species described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550616D23FD8421804773FA50" author="Sattler W." box="[606,772,1492,1519]" firstAuthor="Sattler" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="26 - 60" part="59" refId="ref8823" refString="Sattler W. 1963. Uber die Korperbau die Okologie und Ethologie der Larve und Puppe von Macronema Pict. (Hydropsychidae), ein als Larve sich von ' Mikro-Drift' ernahrendes Trichopteraus dem Amazonasgebiet. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 59 (1): 26 - 60." title="Uber die Korperbau die Okologie und Ethologie der Larve und Puppe von Macronema Pict. (Hydropsychidae), ein als Larve sich von ' Mikro-Drift' ernahrendes Trichopteraus dem Amazonasgebiet" type="journal article" year="1963">Sattler (1963)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450616D23FF67224245C0F98F" blockId="14.[189,439,1558,1584]" box="[189,439,1558,1584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0AF4D5850616D23FF67224245C0F98F" bold="true" box="[189,439,1558,1584]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FF67224245C0F98F" bold="true" box="[189,439,1558,1584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450616D23FF67221247EDF854" blockId="14.[189,1399,1605,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
In the larval stage, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750616D23FE4122124634F9E0" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[411,579,1605,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FE41221245C4F9E0" box="[411,435,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FE1822114634F9E0" box="[450,579,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750616D23FD0022124739F9E0" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[730,846,1605,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmeri">
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FD0022124685F9E0" box="[730,754,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FCDB22114739F9E0" box="[769,846,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ulmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the prominent dorsolateral carina extending to posterior region, diverging from the frontoclypeal suture. Both can be distinguished from other species in the genus with known immatures like the Nearctic 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750616D23FCA522DA40C2F918" authority="(Banks, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[895,1205,1677,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolina">
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FCA522DA4070F918" box="[895,1031,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. carolina</emphasis>
(Banks, 1909)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750616D23FB1A22DA4518F973" authority="(Walker, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversum">
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FB1A22DA40AFF918" box="[1216,1240,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FB3F22DA4101F918" box="[1253,1398,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">transversum</emphasis>
(Walker, 1852)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750616D23FE7622E6468CF973" authority="(Hagen, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Hagen" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[428,763,1713,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratum">
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FE7622E64634F974" box="[428,579,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. zebratum</emphasis>
(Hagen, 1861)
</taxonomicName>
, which have carina closed passing over the posterior region from the frontoclypeal suture. Additionally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750616D23FCF8228247BAF950" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[802,973,1749,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FCF82282474DF950" box="[802,826,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650616D23FC96228147BAF950" box="[844,973,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the dark-brown head with darker anterodorsal region; frontoclypeus with anterior margin straight; left mandible with 1 obtuse molar tooth and 1 bilobed mesal tooth; right mandible with 1 obtuse mesal tooth and 1 obtuse subapical tooth; genae with transverse stridulatory lines widely separated at anterior ⅓, transition to closely-spaced posterior lines gradual; submentum with anterior margin convex with slight projection medially, with long, dark anterolateral setae; mesosternum without gills; foreleg coxae with anterodorsal process slightly pronounced; ventral gills on abdominal segments I–VII, ventrolateral gills on abdominal segments II–III and lateral gills on abdominal segments I–VII.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF27AABC50606D22FF64233C459AF853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261187/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[190,233,1896,1922]" targetBox="[189,1399,274,1854]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BE7FA3450606D22FF64233C459AF853" blockId="15.[190,1399,1896,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B92C262650606D22FF64233C457CF83D" bold="true" box="[190,267,1896,1922]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B750606D22FEC9233D4688F83D" authority="(Fischer, 1970)" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[275,767,1896,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C262650606D22FEC9233D4635F83D" box="[275,578,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Macrostemum brasiliense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C550606D22FD8B233C4681F83D" author="Fischer F. C. J." box="[593,758,1896,1922]" firstAuthor="Fischer" journalOrPublisher="Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref7746" refString="Fischer F. C. J. 1970. Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam." title="Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae" type="book" year="1970">Fischer, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, pupa. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650606D22FC88233C4710F83D" bold="true" box="[850,871,1896,1922]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A</emphasis>
. Pupal habitus, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650606D22FB63233C40BAF83D" bold="true" box="[1209,1229,1896,1922]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
. Head, frontal view. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650606D22FEDD23DF456BF81A" bold="true" box="[263,284,1931,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C</emphasis>
. Mandibles, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B92C262650606D22FD8323DF4619F81A" bold="true" box="[601,622,1931,1957]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D</emphasis>
. Hook plates, dorsal view (III–VIII = abdominal segments, a = anterior, p = posterior). 
<emphasis id="B92C262650606D22FE3E23FB458FF876" bold="true" box="[484,504,1967,1993]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E</emphasis>
. Abdominal segments IX–X, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B, E = 0.05 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA34507F6D3DFF67255F47CDFE6A" blockId="16.[189,1399,267,470]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The pupa of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B7507F6D3DFE8A25584580FE9A" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[336,503,267,294]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C2626507F6D3DFE8A2558451FFE9A" box="[336,360,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B92C2626507F6D3DFEAC255F4580FE9A" box="[374,503,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B7507F6D3DFD0525584724FE9A" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[735,851,267,294]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmeri">
<emphasis id="B92C2626507F6D3DFD0525584680FE9A" box="[735,759,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B92C2626507F6D3DFCDC255F4724FE9A" box="[774,851,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ulmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by abdominal terga with pairs of anterior hook plates on segments III–VIII, with stout hooks directed posteriorly, and pair of posterior hook plates on segment III with hook directed anteriorly. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B7507F6D3DFCC4250747B2FED3" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[798,965,338,364]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="B92C2626507F6D3DFCC425074741FED3" box="[798,822,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B92C2626507F6D3DFC9E250647B2FED3" box="[836,965,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has hook-plate pair IIIa and IVa each with 2–3 and 2 pointed hooks, respectively, and 56–60 sharply pointed, small hooks directed anteriorly of the posterior hook plates, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B7507F6D3DFD8025CD46B8FE0D" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[602,719,408,435]" class="Insecta" family="Hydropsychidae" genus="Macrostemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmeri">
<emphasis id="B92C2626507F6D3DFD8025CD4605FE0D" box="[602,626,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B92C2626507F6D3DFD5825CC46B8FE0D" box="[642,719,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ulmeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 3 pointed hooks on each hook-plate pair IIIa and IVa and 23–35 sharply pointed, small hooks on posterior hook plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA34507F6D3DFF6725A94548FDA8" blockId="16.[189,319,509,535]" box="[189,319,509,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0AF4D58507F6D3DFF6725A94548FDA8" bold="true" box="[189,319,509,535]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92C2626507F6D3DFF6725A94548FDA8" bold="true" box="[189,319,509,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bionomics</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA34507F6D3DFF67267F46D5FD6C" blockId="16.[189,1399,555,723]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
This species is commonly found in Brazilian Atlantic Forest (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC987C5507F6D3DFC4026784000FDF9" accessDate="2018-02-14" author="Santos A. P. M. &amp; Dumas L. L. &amp; Pes A. M. &amp; Calor A. R. &amp; Souza W. R. M. &amp; Henriques-Oliveira A. L. &amp; Camargos L. M." box="[922,1143,555,582]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Santos" journalOrPublisher="PNUD" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" publicationUrl="http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/278" refId="ref8738" refString="Santos A. P. M., Dumas L. L., Pes A. M. O, Calor A. R., Souza W. R. M., Henriques-Oliveira A. L. &amp; Camargos L. M. 2018. Trichoptera in Catalogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from http: // fauna. jbrj. gov. br / fauna / faunadobrasil / 278 [accessed 14 Feb. 2018]." title="Trichoptera in Catalogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil" type="url" year="2018">
Santos 
<emphasis id="B92C2626507F6D3DFC292678405FFDFA" box="[1011,1064,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). In the present study it was collected in small mountain streams in rain forest reserve (Estação Biológica de Boracéia) in Salesópolis municipality, 
<collectingRegion id="499C34D6507F6D3DFE33262646E9FD33" box="[489,670,626,652]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">São Paulo state</collectingRegion>
, at an elevation of 
<quantity id="4CA057D1507F6D3DFCAC262647B7FD33" box="[886,960,626,652]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.64" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="864.0">864 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B1507F6D3DFBD626264039FD32" box="[1036,1102,626,653]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1825,1851]" captionTargetBox="[229,1358,265,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[229,1358,265,1783]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 5. Collection sites of Macrostemum araca sp. nov. and Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970) and general views of some of the sampled streams and rivers. A. A map showing the collection sites of M. araca sp. nov. and M. brasiliense in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest, respectively. B. Córrego (stream) Venerando, São Paulo, collection site of M. brasiliense. – C–E. collection sites of M. araca sp. nov. C. Igarapé da (stream) Cobra, Amazonas. D. Igarapé (stream) do Jabuti, Amazonas. E. Rio (river) Aracá, Amazonas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261177/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A–B) and in an extensive area with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B7507F6D3DFEF526C145C6FD10" authorityName="L'Heritier de Brutelle" authorityYear="1787" box="[303,433,661,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92C2626507F6D3DFEF526C145C6FD10" box="[303,433,661,687]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C5881B7507F6D3DFE2D26C14600FD10" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[503,631,661,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
) plantations, in Poços de Caldas municipality, 
<collectingRegion id="499C34D6507F6D3DFB4C26C14105FD0F" box="[1174,1394,661,688]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Minas Gerais state</collectingRegion>
, at an elevation of 
<quantity id="4CA057D1507F6D3DFE5526EC459FFD6C" box="[399,488,696,723]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.327" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1327.0">1327 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<figureCitation id="1363E6B1507F6D3DFDEC26EC46E3FD6C" box="[566,660,696,723]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1825,1851]" captionTargetBox="[229,1358,265,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[229,1358,265,1783]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 5. Collection sites of Macrostemum araca sp. nov. and Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970) and general views of some of the sampled streams and rivers. A. A map showing the collection sites of M. araca sp. nov. and M. brasiliense in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest, respectively. B. Córrego (stream) Venerando, São Paulo, collection site of M. brasiliense. – C–E. collection sites of M. araca sp. nov. C. Igarapé da (stream) Cobra, Amazonas. D. Igarapé (stream) do Jabuti, Amazonas. E. Rio (river) Aracá, Amazonas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3261177/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C342A9BF507F6D3DFF6726AE47B8FCFC" box="[189,975,762,835]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE7FA34507F6D3DFF6726AE4521FCAB" blockId="16.[189,342,762,788]" box="[189,342,762,788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0AF4D58507F6D3DFF6726AE4521FCAB" bold="true" box="[189,342,762,788]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92C2626507F6D3DFF6726AE4521FCAB" bold="true" box="[189,342,762,788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE7FA34507F6D3DFF67277C47B8FCFC" blockId="16.[189,975,808,835]" box="[189,975,808,835]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<collectingCountry id="F34FBAA4507F6D3DFF67277C4572FCFD" box="[189,261,808,834]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="499C34D6507F6D3DFECE277C452AFCFD" box="[276,349,808,834]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bahia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="499C34D6507F6D3DFEB3277C467EFCFD" box="[361,521,808,834]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingRegion id="499C34D6507F6D3DFDCF277C46B5FCFD" box="[533,706,808,834]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
, and 
<collectingRegion id="499C34D6507F6D3DFD25277C4702FCFD" box="[767,885,808,834]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
states).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>