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<mods:title id="92B44E9AE8B7226A2DB57AC2AE2419E2">The Muscidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia, descriptions of two new species, new records and updated list of species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B7A75D92420BAE5A6472494AC71452B">Centre for Environmental Research and Studies, Jazan University, P. O. Box 2095, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D350CA7373299EC5C751723B13B1DF83">Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha- 61413, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mohd _ robiya @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3323 - 3623</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C01FFB3FF3A65FAFE8C055D" bold="true" box="[151,282,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Atherigona</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C01FFB3FF3A641FFEC00560" box="[151,342,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Coenosia lineata</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B932753B2C01FFB3FF6A6432FE5F0504" bold="true" box="[199,457,1338,1364]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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</quantity>
,
<collectingRegion id="498267CB2C01FFB3FD87648AFDCA05CC" box="[554,604,1410,1436]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="'Asir" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Asir</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9D33532C01FFB3FDC4648AFD5705CC" box="[617,705,1410,1436]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Maraba</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E99FFF22C01FFB3FD60648AFC7705CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF183F2C01FFB3FF3A65FAFED8071C:8E99FFF22C01FFB3FD60648AFC7705CD" box="[717,993,1410,1437]" municipality="Maraba" name="Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="'Asir">Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm</location>
,
<date id="FFF88FE92C01FFB3FC42648AFBF505CC" box="[1007,1123,1410,1436]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2013-02-24">
<collectingDate id="EFBC76012C01FFB3FC42648AFBF505CC" box="[1007,1123,1410,1436]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2013-02-24">24.ii.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="5207D13E2C01FFB3FBDD648AFA9605CD" box="[1136,1280,1410,1437]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C01FFB3FAA0648AFAB205CC" box="[1293,1316,1410,1436]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2EA3742C01FFB3FA84648AFAD705CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3017349436" box="[1321,1345,1410,1436]" collectingDate="2013-02-24" collectionCode="A" elevation="1" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Al-Hudaithy Fruit Farm" municipality="Maraba" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="'Asir">
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C01FFB3FA84648AFAD705CC" box="[1321,1345,1410,1436]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2EA3742C01FFB3FAE0648AFF650590" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3017349429" collectionCode="CERS" location="Dawah" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="'Asir">
<location id="8E99FFF22C01FFB3FAE0648AFA0A05CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF183F2C01FFB3FF3A65FAFED8071C:8E99FFF22C01FFB3FAE0648AFA0A05CC" box="[1357,1436,1410,1436]" name="Dawah" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="'Asir">Dawah</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C01FFB3FF3264AEFF7D0590" box="[159,235,1446,1472]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CERS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B2EA3742C01FFB3FEAE64AEFD7D0590" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3017349478" box="[259,747,1446,1473]" collectingDate="2004-05-01" collectingDateMax="2004-05-30" collectingDateMin="2004-05-01" collectionCode="NMWC" elevation="1" location="Dawah" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="'Asir">
<quantity id="4CBE04CC2C01FFB3FEAE64AEFEBE0590" box="[259,296,1446,1472]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1.0">
<elevation id="006B4E1A2C01FFB3FEAE64AEFEBE0590" box="[259,296,1446,1472]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</elevation>
</quantity>
, same data but
<date id="FFF88FE92C01FFB3FE4864AEFDF90590" box="[485,623,1446,1472]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-05-01" valueMax="2004-05-30" valueMin="2004-05-01">
<collectingDate id="EFBC76012C01FFB3FE4864AEFDF90590" box="[485,623,1446,1472]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-05-01" valueMax="2004-05-30" valueMin="2004-05-01">130.v.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C01FFB3FD2F64AEFD750590" box="[642,739,1446,1472]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e7dr-nxad" name="National Museum of Wales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">NMWC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B2EA3742C01FFB3FD5764AEFD1E05B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3017349381" collectingDate="2004-05-01" collectingDateMax="2004-05-31" collectingDateMin="2004-05-01" collectionCode="NMWC, V" collectorName="Abha &amp; Hay Al-Nusub" elevation="2" location="Abha" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="'Asir">
<quantity id="4CBE04CC2C01FFB3FD5764AEFCB60590" box="[762,800,1446,1472]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="2.0">
<elevation id="006B4E1A2C01FFB3FD5764AEFCB60590" box="[762,800,1446,1472]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</elevation>
</quantity>
, same data but
<date id="FFF88FE92C01FFB3FC7164AEFBF10590" box="[988,1127,1446,1472]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-05-01" valueMax="2004-05-31" valueMin="2004-05-01">
<collectingDate id="EFBC76012C01FFB3FC7164AEFBF10590" box="[988,1127,1446,1472]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-05-01" valueMax="2004-05-31" valueMin="2004-05-01">131.v.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C01FFB3FBD464AEFB4C0590" box="[1145,1242,1446,1472]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e7dr-nxad" name="National Museum of Wales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">NMWC</collectionCode>
); 1f,
<collectingRegion id="498267CB2C01FFB3FAB464AEFADD0590" box="[1305,1355,1446,1472]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="'Asir" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Asir</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26B3CCFF2C01FFB3FAF564AEFA0E0590" box="[1368,1432,1446,1472]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Abha</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26B3CCFF2C01FFB3FF3A64C3FEAA05B4" box="[151,316,1482,1509]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hay Al-Nusub</collectorName>
(
<location id="8E99FFF22C01FFB3FEE264C2FE1B05B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF183F2C01FFB3FF3A65FAFED8071C:8E99FFF22C01FFB3FEE264C2FE1B05B4" box="[335,397,1482,1508]" name="Abha" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="'Asir">Abha</location>
farm centre),
<date id="FFF88FE92C01FFB3FD9864C2FD1E05B4" box="[565,648,1482,1508]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-05-01" valueMax="2004-05-31" valueMin="2004-05-01">
131.
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C01FFB3FDDC64C2FD1E05B4" box="[625,648,1482,1508]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2EA3742C01FFB3FD2564C2FC0005B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3017349318" box="[648,918,1482,1509]" collectionCode="H" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="'Asir">
. 2004,
<collectingMethod id="5207D13E2C01FFB3FD7264C2FCE605B5" box="[735,880,1482,1509]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C01FFB3FCD264C2FC0005B4" box="[895,918,1482,1508]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2EA3742C01FFB3FC3764C2FC2405B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3017349506" box="[922,946,1482,1508]" collectionCode="A" isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="'Asir">
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C01FFB3FC3764C2FC2405B4" box="[922,946,1482,1508]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B2EA3742C01FFB3FC1264C2FF650658" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3017349307" collectingDate="2001-05-10" collectionCode="CERS" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Dawah" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="'Asir">
<location id="8E99FFF22C01FFB3FC1264C2FB9805B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF183F2C01FFB3FF3A65FAFED8071C:8E99FFF22C01FFB3FC1264C2FB9805B4" box="[959,1038,1482,1508]" name="Dawah" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Dawah</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C01FFB3FB8C64C2FBFB05B4" box="[1057,1133,1482,1508]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CERS</collectionCode>
); same data but
<date id="FFF88FE92C01FFB3FA8364C2FA0A05B4" box="[1326,1436,1482,1508]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2001-05-10">
<collectingDate id="EFBC76012C01FFB3FA8364C2FA0A05B4" box="[1326,1436,1482,1508]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2001-05-10">10.v.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5731EC2C01FFB3FF3264E6FF7D0658" box="[159,235,1518,1544]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CERS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35CFAA22C01FFB3FF6A671AFED8071C" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C01FFB3FF6A671AFC3F0624" blockId="24.[151,1437,1266,1868]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C01FFB3FF6A671AFEF7067C" bold="true" box="[199,353,1554,1580]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species was previously recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C01FFB3FCF5671AFC7D067C" box="[856,1003,1554,1580]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C01FFB3FBB5671AFADD067C" author="Dawah, H. A. &amp; Abdullah, M. A." box="[1048,1355,1554,1580]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="373 - 396" refId="ref31297" refString="Dawah, H. A. &amp; Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396." type="journal article" year="2009">Dawah &amp; Abdullah (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. It was described from Salisbury,
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C01FFB3FE16673EFDA00600" box="[443,566,1590,1616]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
. In the Middle East it has been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C01FFB3FB95673EFBE90600" box="[1080,1151,1590,1616]" name="Oman" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Oman</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C01FFB3FB27673EFA8C0600" box="[1162,1306,1590,1616]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F351E9B92C01FFB3FAFD673EFEAC0624" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C01FFB3FEE56752FE290624" author="Pont, A. C." box="[328,447,1626,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref35020" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265." type="book" year="1991">Pont 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C01FFB3FE666752FDE20624" author="Deeming, J. C." box="[459,628,1626,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref31673" refString="Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Vol. 1. Dar Al-Ummah Printing, Publishing, Distribution &amp; Advertising, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723." type="book" year="2008">Deeming 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C01FFB3FD2D6752FC0B0624" author="Dawah, H. A. &amp; Abdullah, M. A." box="[640,925,1626,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="373 - 396" refId="ref31297" refString="Dawah, H. A. &amp; Abdullah, M. A. (2009) The Muscidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Muscomorpha) of south-western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Arabia, 24, 373 - 396." type="journal article" year="2009">Dawah &amp; Abdullah 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C01FFB3FF6A6776FD5306B1" blockId="24.[151,1437,1266,1868]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C01FFB3FF6A6776FE2B06C8" bold="true" box="[199,445,1662,1688]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
In terms of size, colouration and the development of the frontofacial angle
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C01FFB3FAA96777FAE606C8" authorityName="Adams" authorityYear="1905" box="[1284,1392,1662,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Coenosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C01FFB3FAA96777FAE606C8" box="[1284,1392,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. lineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very variable species and the possibility exists that it may be a species complex. The subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C01FFB3FB6767AAFEEB06B0" authority="van Emden" authorityName="van Emden" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="ugandae">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C01FFB3FB6767AAFF6106B0" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Atherigona lineata ugandae</emphasis>
van Emden
</taxonomicName>
is, however, a distinct taxon.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF9A9292C01FFB3FF6A67E2FED8071C" blockId="24.[151,1437,1266,1868]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C01FFB3FF6A67E2FE260754" bold="true" box="[199,432,1770,1796]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Biological remarks.</emphasis>
It has been reared from sorghum (
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C01FFB3FC9B67E3FC350754" box="[822,931,1770,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Spilogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C01FFB3FC9B67E3FC350754" box="[822,931,1770,1797]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but has also been recorded from other poaceous hosts (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C01FFB3FEC86606FDE80778" box="[357,638,1806,1832]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Paspalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scrobiculatum">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C01FFB3FEC86606FDE80778" box="[357,638,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Paspalum scrobiculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="4C46D2AA2C01FFB3FD026607FBD00779" authority="(Poir.) Roem Schult" authorityName="Roem Schult" baseAuthorityName="Poir." box="[687,1094,1806,1833]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="B932753B2C01FFB3FD026607FCCE0778" box="[687,856,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Setaria pumila</emphasis>
(Poir.) Roem Schult
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C01FFB3FBF26606FA840779" author="Skidmore, P." box="[1119,1298,1806,1833]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref36277" refString="Skidmore, P. (1985) The Biology of the Muscidae of the World. Series Entomologica 29. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, 550 pp." type="book" year="1985">Skidmore 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C01FFB3FA8D6607FA010778" author="Pont, A. C." box="[1312,1431,1806,1833]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref35020" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 265." type="book" year="1991">Pont 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7D4D82C01FFB3FF3A663AFED4071C" author="Deeming, J. C." box="[151,322,1842,1868]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="283 - 287" refId="ref31646" refString="Deeming, J. C. (2000) Muscidae: Atherigonini (Diptera: Muscoidea). Cimbebasia Memoir, 9, 283 - 287." type="journal article" year="2000">Deeming 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>