458 lines
70 KiB
XML
458 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="4F79E7271112A5064AC95D27DEFC3E3A" ID-CLB-Dataset="46594" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3755.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fc15a1ed-794b-414e-9a14-b7e809f07280" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230330" ID-ZooBank="6C5F4A01-550D-42DB-A236-61BCC105C286" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460373806032" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harrison, Terry L., Gibson, Loran D. & Gilligan, Todd M." docDate="2014" docId="03EDC77299122104FF16F9C023EBFC58" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03755p294.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3755 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Grapholita orbexilana Harrison, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="292" masterDocId="FFD4BF0A99132101FF81FFDC2731FFD8" masterDocTitle="A new species of Grapholita Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from the midwestern USA" masterLastPageNumber="294" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="288" updateTime="1698296066908" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BBF900A24C41AF4BA8C613AAD7970393">A new species of Grapholita Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from the midwestern USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8EA4A5C0D484C9A2D95E12E69F134F35">Harrison, Terry L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA03171763D0CB24AE0FCB1EB2FC6906">Gibson, Loran D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F36AE7CBAC3D48205C2201B4AF762C3">Gilligan, Todd M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EE087BB5581BBF4C8701D6F3812A1714">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B1D85B78D3FC725542B187FC34ED36BD">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5304A1944564FE4A35BC7234FF866E0C">3755</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EDC77299122104FF16F9C023EBFC58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6139365" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119412729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6139365" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EDC77299122104FF16F9C023EBFC58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC77299122104FF16F9C023EBFC58" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="292" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
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<subSubSection id="C35E25EF99122100FF16F9C0262EF981" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFB766499122100FF16F9C02592F9ED" blockId="1.[151,675,1564,1625]" box="[151,675,1564,1589]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
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<heading id="D0B3C10899122100FF16F9C02592F9ED" bold="true" box="[151,675,1564,1589]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699122100FF16F9C02592F9ED" bold="true" box="[151,675,1564,1589]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799122100FF16F9C0253CF9ED" ID-CoL="B559K" authority="Harrison" authorityName="Harrison" box="[151,525,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699122100FF16F9C026A8F9ED" bold="true" box="[151,409,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Grapholita orbexilana</emphasis>
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Harrison
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A203170D99122100FD98F9C02592F9ED" box="[537,675,1564,1589]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB766499122100FF16F99C262EF981" blockId="1.[151,675,1564,1625]" box="[151,287,1600,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137F6AE199122100FF1EF99C2627F981" box="[159,278,1600,1625]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Figs. 1–11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35E25EF99122103FF16F9542651FE2D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFB766499122103FF16F9542539FEE7" blockId="1.[151,1436,1672,2024]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,2035]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699122100FF16F954263BF979" bold="true" box="[151,266,1672,1697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. The forewing ground-color scheme (basal half of wing speckled, most of apical half uniformly golden) readily differentiates
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799122100FE0AF9712517F91D" box="[395,550,1709,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699122100FE0AF9712517F91D" box="[395,550,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">G. orbexilana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from any other
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799122100FD65F9712450F91D" box="[740,865,1709,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699122100FD65F9712450F91D" box="[740,865,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Grapholita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species occurring in the midwestern
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<collectingCountry id="F35336F499122100FA91F971227DF91D" box="[1296,1356,1709,1733]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">USA</collectingCountry>
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. In the male genitalia, the valval neck is more narrowly constricted than in any sympatric species of the genus except
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799122100FA05F90D26A1F8D5" authority="Kearfott" authorityName="Kearfott" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angleseana">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699122100FA05F90D2626F8D5" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">G. angleseana</emphasis>
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(Kearfott)
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</taxonomicName>
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, which differs in having the valva relatively broader (length to width ratio of basal section of valva
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<quantity id="4CBCDB8199122100FF5CF8C52611F8E9" box="[221,288,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" unit="in" value="1.9">1.9 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799122100FEA8F8C526FBF8E8" box="[297,458,1816,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angleseana">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699122100FEA8F8C526FBF8E8" box="[297,458,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">G. angleseana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 3.0 in
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799122100FDA7F8C525F0F8E8" box="[550,705,1816,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699122100FDA7F8C525F0F8E8" box="[550,705,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">G. orbexilana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). In the female genitalia, a spinulose colliculum anterior to the ostium is absent in all sympatric species except
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699122100FD34F8E1240CF88C" box="[693,829,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">G. ec l i p s an a</emphasis>
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. The following characteristics of the female genitalia of
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799122100FF38F8B82679F8A3" box="[185,328,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eclipsana">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699122100FF38F8B82679F8A3" box="[185,328,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">G. eclipsana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differentiate it from
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799122100FDC0F8B825ECF8A3" box="[577,733,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699122100FDC0F8B825ECF8A3" box="[577,733,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">G. orbexilana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: 7th abdominal sternite widest at anterior margin, narrowing posteriorly along its entire length, posterior margin half as wide as anterior, forming a pair of rounded lobes that are separated medially by the lamella postvaginalis; open area of ostium transversely ovate (length 0.6X width), occupying medial 0.4 of sternite; located nearer anterior than posterior margin of sternite; lamella postvaginalis projecting anterad as a medial point that interrupts posterior margin of open area of ostium, the point extending anterad to 0.4 from anterior margin of sternite; lamella postvaginalis narrowing posterad to where, at 0.8 from anterior margin of sternite, it bifurcates into a pair of laterally curved acuminate projections that extend posterad to 0.9 from anterior margin of sternite; ductus bursae (including spinulose colliculum), corpus bursae, and signa similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799112103FEE8FEF42531FE98" box="[361,512,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699112103FEE8FEF42531FE98" box="[361,512,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">G. orbexilana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB766499112103FF46FE902651FE2D" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">
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Several far-western Nearctic species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799112103FD23FE90242EFEBC" box="[674,799,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699112103FD23FE90242EFEBC" box="[674,799,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Grapholita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799112103FC59FE902347FEBC" box="[984,1142,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699112103FC59FE902347FEBC" box="[984,1142,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">G. orbexilana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in forewing pattern, the presence of a spinulose colliculum, and a legume-feeding larval habit (see Discussion). Each of these species, however, differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799112103FE10FE482519FE74" box="[401,552,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699112103FE10FE482519FE74" box="[401,552,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">G. orbexilana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in genital morphology of one or both genders (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD50B9599112103FBB9FE4823EDFE75" author="Heinrich" box="[1080,1244,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" refString="Heinrich, C. (1926) Revision of the North American moths of the sub-families Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 132, 1 - 216. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.132.1" type="journal article" year="1926">Heinrich 1926</bibRefCitation>
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) and in forewing coloration (Gilligan 2012), as well as being mutually exclusive with
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<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799112103FC56FE642344FE08" box="[983,1141,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699112103FC56FE642344FE08" box="[983,1141,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">G. orbexilana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in larval host plant and geographic range.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35E25EF99112102FF46FE2324F5F940" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFB766499112102FF46FE232619FDB8" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,2035]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">
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<emphasis id="B930AA7699112103FF46FE232668FDC0" bold="true" box="[199,345,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Description.</emphasis>
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Adult (
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<figureCitation id="137F6AE199112103FE34FE2326C8FDC0" box="[437,505,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head: Vestiture of brown, white-tipped scales; frons white; antenna uniformly brown dorsally, contrastingly white ventrally; labial palpus white, with some brown-tipped scales in ventral tuft of second segment. Thorax: Dorsally (including tegulae) brown with white-tipped scales, laterally and ventrally white, some scales in area between bases of prolegs tipped with light brown; forewing length 4.6–5.0 mm (n = 13), no dimorphism in size; ground color brown; scales on distal 0.25 of wing dark brown tipped with white; scales surrounding dorsal strigula unicolorous dark brown; scales on remainder of wing brown to dark brown, tipped with pale tan; fasciae indistinct from interfascial areas; costal striguale white, distinct, unpaired; striae metallic leaden gray, expressed as follows: extending from strigula 9 to nearly R5; as a small patch midway between strigula 8 and ocellus, dislocated at M1 and continuing along apical margin of ocellus; extending from strigula 7 to R4; extending from strigula 5 to corner of ocellus, dislocated at M1 and continuing along basal margin of ocellus; extending from strigula 4 to dorsal strigula; ocellus consisting of four indistinct rows of black scales extending to termen, bordered basally and apically by metallic striae arising from strigulae 5 and 8; black scales separated by rows of ground color at M2, M3, and CuA1; dorsal strigula a large white patch ca. midway between tornus and base, extending from dorsum to medial vein; tornus with dark brown white tipped scales; termen with unicolorous black scales from ocellus to below apex with distinct light patch at M1; no sexual dimorphism observed in coloration/markings; fringe pale grayish brown. Ventrally, forewing brown with multicolored iridescence, most or all of the whitish costal patches present as on dorsum; a narrow white streak immediately on either side of vein M1 from approximately 0.6 wing length to outer margin; whitish patch on hind margin at 0.5 length faintly indicated; dorsum of hindwing brown, usually with irregular patches of white scaling along anterior 0.25 width of wing; fringe with a rather broad, dark brown line at base, otherwise shining lead gray; hindwing ventrally brown, with iridescence as in forewing; extensive white scaling in anterior 0.25 width. Legs mostly white dusted with brown scales; proleg with femur, tibia, and basal 0.75 of basal tarsomere laterally brown with white-tipped scales; apical 0.25 of basal tarsomere white; second and third tarsomeres brown, ringed with white at apices; fourth and fifth tarsomeres brown; mesoleg same coloration as proleg, except femur white, and first through fourth tarsomeres brown, ringed apically with white; a pair of spurs apically on tibia, medial spur approximately 1.4X longer than the lateral; metaleg with same coloration as proleg, except femur and tibia white; two pairs of tibial spurs, at 0.5 length and at apex, the medial spur approximately 1.4X longer than the lateral in both pairs. Abdomen: Dorsally, shining gray in both genders; ventrally, white in male, white with anterior margins of most segments black in the single female specimen examined. Scent organ complex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F6AE199112103FD63F9DC2418F9C1" box="[738,809,1536,1561]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) of three components: (1) a pair of hair pencils; (2) a shallowly “W”-shaped intersegmental sclerite bearing an elongate lever rod laterally on either side, each rod extending to the base of one of the hair pencils; and (3) a small, crescent-shaped 8th abdominal sternite that bears a short anterolateral projection on either side. Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F6AE199112103FCCDF9B324A3F950" box="[844,914,1647,1672]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) with valva in three sections; length of basal section 0.6X total length of valva, dorsal margin straight, ventral margin convex, the section thus widening from base to reach maximum diameter (0.3X length) at midlength, then narrowing to neck; neck sharply curved ventrad, short (0.1X total valva length), narrow (width 0.75X length); cucullus broad and rounded, length 0.4X total valva length, width 0.4X length, the ventral margin densely clothed with hairlike setae; tegumen in the form of an inverted “V”; height 0.7X valva length, socii and uncus absent; base of tegumen strongly curved at base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F6AE199112103FAC6F8FF22BDF8E4" box="[1351,1420,1827,1852]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); gnathos absent; phallus cylindrical, length 0.7X valva length, internally containing two long fixed spines and a patch of small deciduous spines; juxta a transverse plate at base of valva, caulis length 0.3X valva length; anellus crescent shaped, cuplike. Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F6AE199112103FDFDF853258FF870" box="[636,702,1935,1960]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) with papillae anales large, lightly sclerotized, clothed with many short and a few long hairlike setae; apophyses well developed, anterior 1.5X as long as posterior, with a pointed, triangular development on dorsal margin of anterior apophysis at 0.2 its length from posterior end; 7th sternite clearly differentiated, extending entire length of segment; width of sternite in anterior 0.7 of its length 1.2X its length, then narrowing in posterior 0.3, width of posterior margin 0.25X length of sternite; ostium bursae large, transversely ovate, midventral, nearer to posterior than to anterior margin of sternite, extending from 0.4 to 0.8 length of sternite from its anterior margin; width of ostium 1.8X its length; lamella postvaginalis indistinct, fused with sternite, lamella antevaginalis a narrow band, separate from the sternite, at anterior margin of ostium; ductus bursae initiated by a narrow sclerotized region, its width 0.6X and length 0.25X the width of the ostium; anterad of this region, the ductus broadens abruptly into a sclerotized section, its width 0.9X and length 0.8X the width of the ostium; colliculum bearing many small spinelike projections; anterior 0.4 of ductus membranous, slightly narrower than the sclerotized region; corpus bursae membranous, its width 1.6X and length 2.4X the width of the ostium (although its dimensions may vary with mating condition and size of spermatophore(s)); two signa, at 0.5 length of corpus, each consisting of a circular, finely spinose, lightly sclerotized disc, its width 0.5X that of the ostium, with a heavily-sclerotized, thornlike projection, its length 0.25X the width of the ostium, located in the center of the circular disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB766499102102FF46FDB02587FD28" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FF46FDB02621FD5D" bold="true" box="[199,272,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F6AE199102102FEA1FDB026BEFD5C" box="[288,399,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Figs. 2, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length of final-instar approximately 9.0 mm (n = 5, range =
|
||
<quantity id="4CBCDB8199102102FBDDFDB023D9FD5C" box="[1116,1256,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="9.2" valueMin="8.8">8.8–9.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Body uniform yellow, with no contrastingly colored sclerites or pinacula; body lightly sclerotized, head orangish yellow. Chaetotaxy and structure as illustrated for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FDF0FD6825DCFD14" box="[625,749,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FDF0FD6825DCFD14" box="[625,749,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Grapholita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FCEAFD6824D6FD14" box="[875,999,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FCEAFD6824D6FD14" box="[875,999,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Grapholita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD50B9599102102FB99FD682386FD14" author="Komai" box="[1048,1207,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" refString="Komai, F. (1999) A taxonomic review of the genus Grapholita and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Palaearctic Region. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 55, 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1999">Komai (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, including unisetose SV group on eighth abdominal segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F6AE199102102FDE5FD0B2598FD28" box="[612,681,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB766499102102FF46FD20225CFCE0" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FF46FD202634FCCD" bold="true" box="[199,261,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F6AE199102102FE94FD20266AFCCD" box="[277,347,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length approximately 7.0 mm (n = 2, range = 7.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CBCDB8199102102FC39FD202320FCCC" box="[952,1041,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" unit="mm" value="7.1">7.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Structure as illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD50B9599102102FAD1FD2027D0FCE0" author="Komai" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" refString="Komai, F. (1999) A taxonomic review of the genus Grapholita and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Palaearctic Region. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 55, 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1999">Komai (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FEFEFCFC26CAFCE0" box="[383,507,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FEFEFCFC26CAFCE0" box="[383,507,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Grapholita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except spiracles markedly larger than usual for the group as presently known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB766499102102FF46FC982682FA3D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FF46FC982666FC85" bold="true" box="[199,343,836,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Life history</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F6AE199102102FEEAFC9826DBFC84" box="[363,490,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Figs. 9–11</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is evidently monophagous on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FC7EFC982393FC84" box="[1023,1186,836,860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Orbexilum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onobrychis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FC7EFC982393FC84" box="[1023,1186,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">O. onobrychis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Field inspections of sympatric native legumes, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FDD0FCB4235FFC58" authority="(P. Miller) Rydberg" authorityName="(P. Miller) Rydberg" box="[593,1134,871,896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Orbexilum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FDD0FCB42444FC58" box="[593,885,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Orbexilum pedunculatum</emphasis>
|
||
(P. Miller) Rydberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FB01FCB42669FC7D" authority="(Pursh) Rydberg" authorityName="(Pursh) Rydberg" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Psoralidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuiflorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FB01FCB422ADFC58" box="[1152,1436,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Psoralidium tenuiflorum</emphasis>
|
||
(Pursh) Rydberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FEE8FC50258BFC7D" authority="Michaux" authorityName="Michaux" box="[361,698,908,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FEE8FC502576FC7C" box="[361,583,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Lespedeza capitata</emphasis>
|
||
Michaux
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FD4AFC5024C4FC7C" authority="Ventenat" authorityName="Ventenat" box="[715,1013,908,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dalea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FD4AFC5024B2FC7C" box="[715,899,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Dalea purpurea</emphasis>
|
||
Ventenat
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FB86FC50220FFC7D" authority="Pursh" authorityName="Pursh" box="[1031,1342,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Amorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FB86FC5023DFFC7C" box="[1031,1262,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Amorpha canescens</emphasis>
|
||
Pursh
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FA05FC50265DFC10" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Amorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FA05FC5027CAFC10" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">A. fruticosa</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have not produced larvae. The moth is univoltine. The adult emerges and mates in mid-April (central Illinois), at a time when, in a typical year,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FD5BFC08244BFC34" box="[730,890,980,1004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Orbexilum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onobrychis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FD5BFC08244BFC34" box="[730,890,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">O. onobrychis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants are approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CBCDB8199102102FB23FC082235FC34" box="[1186,1284,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 cm</quantity>
|
||
in height. At this time, adults are commonly seen diurnally among populations of the host plant, and adults have been collected at dusk; they also might be nocturnal but have not appeared in UV light traps set at the host site in Illinois. Evidence of larval feeding appears in late April, when a number of leaflets at the apex of the plant are seen to be loosely tied together. This shelter eventually is enlarged into a large, conspicuous “nest” that incorporates leaflets from a number of surrounding leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F6AE199102102FDC2FB5B25A7FB78" box="[579,662,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). At the center of the shelter, the larva cuts a leaflet transversely from midvein to margin on either side near the base of the leaflet and ties together the basal “flap” to form a pouchlike structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F6AE199102102FE89FB132668FB30" box="[264,345,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), inside of which it resides when not feeding. It forays out to feed on one or more adjacent leaves from this shelter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F6AE199102102FEDCFB282690FAD4" box="[349,417,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[192,1392,193,1762]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Morphology and life history of Grapholita orbexilana. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S 8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections; in situ, S 8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “ W ” - shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “ Nest ” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Because the shelter is at the apex of the plant, the larva usually is in intimate proximity to incipient flower tissue; however, in 24-hour no-choice feeding tests in the laboratory, larvae refused to feed on flowers and resumed feeding on leaf tissue when subsequently offered. Larval feeding continues through mid-May, with pupation occurring from late May into early June. Field observations of larval shelters in June indicate that the larva typically leaves the shelter to pupate; this is consistent with the behavior of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FBF5FA5823C0FA44" box="[1140,1265,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FBF5FA5823C0FA44" box="[1140,1265,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Grapholita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, which are known to pupate in leaf litter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD50B9599102102FDAAFA7B246FFA18" author="Chapman" box="[555,862,1447,1472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" refString="Chapman, P. J. & Lienk, S. E. (1971) Tortricid fauna of apple in New York (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); including an account of apple's occurrence in the state, especially as a naturalized plant. Special Publications Geneva, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, NY, 122 pp." type="book" year="1971">Chapman and Lienk 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast to typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FBF0FA7423DCFA18" box="[1137,1261,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FBF0FA7423DCFA18" box="[1137,1261,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Grapholita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, overwintering occurs in the pupal stage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB766499102102FF46FA3324F5F940" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FF46FA3326E2F9D0" bold="true" box="[199,467,1519,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Pheromone attraction.</emphasis>
|
||
On
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499102102FD82FA2C2593F9D0" box="[515,674,1519,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" value="2011-04-14">14 April 2011</date>
|
||
, two pheromone traps were placed on the ground, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CBCDB8199102102FA01FA2C279CF9F4" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
apart, within a known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FE50F9C8255EF9F4" box="[465,623,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FE50F9C8255EF9F4" box="[465,623,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">G. orbexilana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
host population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FCE5F9C82338F9F4" box="[868,1033,1556,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Orbexilum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onobrychis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FCE5F9C82338F9F4" box="[868,1033,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">O. onobrychis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One trap was baited with OFM (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FF21F9E4264BF988" box="[160,378,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molesta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FF21F9E4264BF988" box="[160,378,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Grapholita molesta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) lure, the other with CM (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FD1FF9E4246CF988" box="[670,861,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cydia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomonella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FD1FF9E4246CF988" box="[670,861,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Cydia pomonella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) lure. Traps were deployed at 1400 hr and removed at 2050 hr Central Standard Time. No moths were in the trap baited with OFM lure, whereas
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D42BDED99102102FB5DF980220BF9AD" box="[1244,1338,1628,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" type="adult">13 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FA05F9802620F940" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FA05F9802620F940" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">G. orbexilana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were the only insects present in the trap baited with CM lure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35E25EF99102102FF46F978230FF861" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB766499102102FF46F978230FF861" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FF46F9782651F965" bold="true" box="[199,352,1700,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FEEBF9782558F964" box="[362,617,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FEEBF9782558F964" box="[362,617,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Grapholita orbexilana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recorded from central Illinois, central Kentucky, and southern Ohio,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35336F499102102FF16F91427E2F938" box="[151,211,1736,1760]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FF63F91426D2F938" box="[226,483,1736,1760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Orbexilum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onobrychis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FF63F91426D2F938" box="[226,483,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Orbexilum onobrychis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs across most of the east-central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35336F499102102FC3DF91424C6F938" box="[956,1015,1736,1760]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD50B9599102102FF1FF8CC26B6F8F0" author="USDA" box="[158,391,1808,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" refString="USDA, NRCS (2012) The PLANTS Database, National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401 - 4901 USA. Available from: http: // plants. usda. gov (accessed 18 October 2012)" type="journal article" year="2012">USDA, NRCS 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, the actual distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FCAFF8CC24F6F8F0" box="[814,967,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FCAFF8CC24F6F8F0" box="[814,967,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">G. orbexilana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be larger than presently observed. In the interest of augmenting our knowledge of the biogeography of this moth, we encourage surveys for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FA05F8E82620F8A8" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FA05F8E82620F8A8" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">G. orbexilana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799102102FE5DF884254DF8A8" box="[476,636,1880,1904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Orbexilum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onobrychis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699102102FE5DF884254DF8A8" box="[476,636,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">O. onobrychis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
throughout the range of the plant. Minimum-impact monitoring for the presence of this moth could be easily affected by using codling moth pheromone lure for trap and release of adult male moths, and/or by scouting for the conspicuous and distinctive larval evidence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3B26EC99172105FF16F92024F6F831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230331/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" targetBox="[192,1392,193,1762]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB766499172105FF16F92024F6F831" blockId="4.[151,1436,1788,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699172105FF16F9202677F8CA" bold="true" box="[151,326,1788,1811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">FIGURES 1–11.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphology and life history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799172105FD11F9202444F8CA" box="[656,885,1788,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699172105FD11F9202444F8CA" box="[656,885,1788,1810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">Grapholita orbexilana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 1. Adult. 2. Final-instar larva. 3. Female genitalia. 4. Larval cuticle, eighth abdominal segment, left-lateral aspect, showing a single SV seta; SP, spiracle. 5. Pupa, ventral, leftlateral, and dorsal aspects. 6. Adult male postgenital structures. S8 (inset, at same scale as rest of photo), crescent-shaped eighth abdominal sternite, bearing a pair of short anterolateral projections;
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699172105FCC8F88524B9F8B6" box="[841,904,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
, S8 is in intimate contact with the medial part of the intersegmental sclerite; ISS, intersegmental sclerite with medial shallowly “W”-shaped part and lateral elongate lever rods connected to bases of hair pencils; HP, hair pencil. 7. Male genitalia, caudal aspect, spread. 8. Male genitalia, left-lateral aspect (left valva removed and aedeagus reflected dorsad) showing strongly curved base of tegumen (at arrow). 9. Feeding damage caused by one larva. 10. “Nest” of one larva. 11. Larval shelter at base of leaflet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35E25EF99162104FF46FF4B23E0FC84" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB766499162104FF46FF4B26AFFE98" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FFC8C699162104FF46FF4B2605FF68" box="[199,308,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699162104FF46FF4B2605FF68" bold="true" box="[199,308,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
♂. White label, typed (slashes indicate line breaks): Collected as larva on/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799162104FB16FF4422A5FF68" box="[1175,1428,152,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Orbexilum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onobrychis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699162104FB16FF4422A5FF68" box="[1175,1428,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Orbexilum onobrychis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35336F499162104FF16FF6027E3FF0D" box="[151,210,188,213]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:/Illinois, Coles County, Lincoln/Prairie Grass Trail west of/Charleston, +39° 29' 52.20", -/88° 13' 46.02",
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FAF7FF6027DDFF20" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2010-05-12">12- V-2010</date>
|
||
, T./Harrison; emerged
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FD81FF3C257DFF20" box="[512,588,224,248]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="1922-03">22-III-</date>
|
||
/2011. Red label, typed:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FFC8C699162104FCF6FF3C233BFF20" box="[887,1034,224,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799162104FB93FF3C23BFFF20" box="[1042,1166,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699162104FB93FF3C23BFFF20" box="[1042,1166,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Grapholita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799162104FB17FF3C2221FF20" box="[1174,1296,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbexilana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699162104FB17FF3C2221FF20" box="[1174,1296,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">orbexilana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♂/Harrison 2014. Deposited into the collection of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35336F499162104FD2EFED8247EFEC4" box="[687,847,260,285]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
National Museum of Natural History (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED55EEA199162104FAB8FED822A1FEC4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1337,1424,260,284]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
), Washington, DC,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35336F499162104FEDEFEF426AAFE98" box="[351,411,296,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB766499162104FF46FE90263AFD5C" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699162104FF46FE902677FEBD" bold="true" box="[199,326,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FFC8C699162104FF46FE902670FEBD" box="[199,321,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1 ♀, white label, typed: [same as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FFC8C699162104FC83FE902456FEBD" box="[770,871,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except] emerged
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FBBBFE90238EFEBC" box="[1082,1215,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2011-03-29">29-III-2011</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D42BDED99162104FB4DFE902239FEBC" box="[1228,1288,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="generic">13 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, white label, typed: Collected as adult in/pheromone trap baited with/codling moth lure, [same locality as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FFC8C699162104FB59FEB32271FE50" box="[1240,1344,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FAD3FEAC27E0FE74" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2011-04-14">14-IV- 2011</date>
|
||
, T./Harrison.;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D42BDED99162104FEF5FE482690FE74" box="[372,417,404,428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, two white labels, typed; first label: KY: Lincoln Co./near Stanford/larva coll.
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FAA0FE4822A2FE74" box="[1313,1427,404,428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2010-05-23">23 v 2010</date>
|
||
/ leg. L. Gibson; second label: Ex larva in leaf "nest" on/new growth of/
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699162104FC35FE642386FE08" box="[948,1207,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799162104FC35FE642382FE08" box="[948,1203,440,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Orbexilum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onobrychis">Orbexilum onobrychis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
/Emerged
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FAABFE6422A6FE08" box="[1322,1431,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2011-04-08">8 iv 2011</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D42BDED99162104FF16FE0027F4FE2C" box="[151,197,476,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="generic">3 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 3 ♀, two white labels, typed; first label: KY: Lincoln Co./near Stanford/
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FB96FE0023A3FE2D" box="[1047,1170,476,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2011-04-14">14 iv 2011</date>
|
||
/leg. L. Gibson; second label: Coll. at dusk via/sweep netting over/new shoots of/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799162104FC9FFDDC2328FDC0" box="[798,1049,512,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Orbexilum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onobrychis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699162104FC9FFDDC2328FDC0" box="[798,1049,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Orbexilum onobrychis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D42BDED99162104FBA8FDDC2367FDCF" box="[1065,1110,512,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 ♀, one white label, typed: OH: Adams Co./TNC’s Cedar Falls/Pres.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBCDB8199162104FDFEFDF825FCFDE5" box="[639,717,548,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4029824" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" unit="mi" value="4.6">4.6 mi</quantity>
|
||
. NE/of Lynx,
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FCF0FDF824EBFDE5" box="[881,986,548,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2013-05-02">2 v 2013</date>
|
||
/leg. L. Gibson; all
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FFC8C699162104FB3DFDF92216FDE5" box="[1212,1319,549,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
with blue label, typed: [same as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FFC8C699162104FE3BFD9B252DFDB8" box="[442,540,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
red label, except] labeled
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FFC8C699162104FCC7FD9424E5FDB8" box="[838,980,584,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
, and gender of moth, where appropriate, labeled ♀.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB766499162104FF46FD5323E0FC84" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699162104FF46FD532476FD70" bold="true" box="[199,839,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
|
||
Material examined but not designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FFC8C699162104FD49FD532473FD70" box="[712,834,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D42BDED99162104FCD3FD4C244EFD7F" box="[850,895,656,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(wings not fully expanded), [same data as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FFC8C699162104FF16FD6827CDFD15" box="[151,252,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, except] emerged
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FE46FD68257DFD15" box="[455,588,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2011-03-25">25-III-2011</date>
|
||
; 1 ♀, OH: Adams Co.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBCDB8199162104FCD5FD6824BBFD15" box="[852,906,692,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" unit="mi" value="1.0">1 mi</quantity>
|
||
. SE of Lynx, E end of Cline Rd.,
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FA83FD682256FD14" box="[1282,1383,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2013-05-02">2 v 2013</date>
|
||
, leg. L. Gibson; 1 ♀ OH: Adams Co., Kamama Prairie Pres. off Nixon Rd.,.
|
||
<quantity id="4CBCDB8199162104FC34FD0424DCFD28" box="[949,1005,727,752]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2874752" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" unit="mi" value="8.0">8 mi</quantity>
|
||
. NNE Fawcett,
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FB1EFD042235FD28" box="[1183,1284,728,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2013-05-02">2 v 2013</date>
|
||
, L. Gibson;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D42BDED99162104FA0FFD0427EFFCCD" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, [same data as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FFC8C699162104FE3EFD202510FCCD" box="[447,545,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
except] collected
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FD79FD202455FCCD" box="[760,868,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2011-05-05">5-V-2011</date>
|
||
, preserved
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FC6BFD202354FCCC" box="[1002,1125,764,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2011-05-13">13-V-2011</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D42BDED99162104FBF2FD2023F5FCCC" box="[1139,1220,764,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
, [same data as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FFC8C699162104FF16FCC327C8FCE0" box="[151,249,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
except] collected
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FE45FCC32500FCE0" box="[452,561,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2012-05-05">5-V-2012</date>
|
||
, preserved
|
||
<date id="FFFA50A499162104FD31FCFC241DFCE0" box="[688,812,800,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" value="2012-05-23">23-V-2012</date>
|
||
. Specimens deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED55EEA199162104FBC4FCFC23A8FCE0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1093,1177,800,824]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
; collection of James R. Wiker, Greenview, Illinois,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35336F499162104FE4CFC982539FC84" box="[461,520,836,860]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
; and collection of Loran. D. Gibson, Florence, Kentucky,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35336F499162104FB13FC9823FFFC84" box="[1170,1230,836,860]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35E25EF99162104FF46FCBB23EBFC58" box="[199,1242,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB766499162104FF46FCBB23EBFC58" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,896]" box="[199,1242,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699162104FF46FCBB267FFC58" bold="true" box="[199,334,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The moth is named for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C440DE799162104FDDBFCB4246BFC58" authority="Rafinesque" authorityName="Rafinesque" box="[602,858,871,896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Orbexilum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930AA7699162104FDDBFCB425E3FC58" box="[602,722,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Orbexilum</emphasis>
|
||
Rafinesque
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the genus of the larval host plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |