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<document id="9C877A6674FC410768C8F92FC3D2AB93" ID-CLB-Dataset="27700" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4543.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7520908e-3595-4ed3-96f8-9a0fffb45439" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2617841" ID-ZooBank="58142B27-5E25-46EE-A1B0-71BB31DFB3E2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553928404141" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Davis, Steven R., Brav-Cubitt, Talia, Buckley, Thomas R. &amp; Leschen, Richard A. B." docDate="2019" docId="03DEC54AFFE3C918FBA84257FAC0F983" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4543.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4543 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Etheophanus kuscheli Davis &amp; Brav-Cubitt &amp; Buckley &amp; Leschen 2019, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="AAC8A2C6-A204-4D88-B20D-D93F0C7B5BF1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="352" masterDocId="FFE7BD32FFEBC913FB3F442FFFFDFFAF" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the New Zealand Weevil Etheophanus Broun (Curculionidae: Molytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="374" masterPageNumber="341" pageNumber="349" updateTime="1698715414758" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="ED5CF47FD1323CFA9BAFCC6EAC929536">Systematics of the New Zealand Weevil Etheophanus Broun (Curculionidae: Molytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7C72B7673B8B3D7B518CC8761F13DF90">Davis, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E6FC02A56F0DA1DEEF02D5A0D52D8F21">Brav-Cubitt, Talia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DF9A153DB77AA31504DE2B2BF02108EB">Buckley, Thomas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1B6F9D9503385A4EBF65B47A99BA85FB">Leschen, Richard A. B.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03DEC54AFFE3C918FBA84257FAC0F983" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5944057" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529844" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5944057" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAC8A2C6-A204-4D88-B20D-D93F0C7B5BF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DEC54AFFE3C918FBA84257FAC0F983" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
<subSubSection id="C36D27D7FFE3C91BFBA84257FD32F93C" box="[151,719,1656,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC8745CFFE3C91BFBA84257FD32F93C" blockId="8.[151,1205,1656,1752]" box="[151,719,1656,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
<heading id="D080C330FFE3C91BFBA84257FD32F93C" bold="true" box="[151,719,1656,1683]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE3C91BFBA84257FD32F93C" bold="true" box="[151,719,1656,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE3C91BFBA84257FE56F93D" bold="true" box="[151,427,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE3C91BFBA84257FE58F93D" authority="Davis &amp; Brav-Cubitt &amp; Buckley &amp; Leschen, 2019" authorityName="Davis &amp; Brav-Cubitt &amp; Buckley &amp; Leschen" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,421,1656,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuscheli" status="sp. nov.">Etheophanus kuscheli</taxonomicName>
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2301535FFE3C91BFA8C4256FE08F93C" box="[435,501,1657,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Davis &amp; Leschen
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<subSubSection id="C36D27D7FFE3C91BFBA842B4FB48F977" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC8745CFFE3C91BFBA842B4FB48F977" blockId="8.[151,1205,1656,1752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
(
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE3C91BFBA042B4FF01F91B" box="[159,252,1691,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 1" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1316,213,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[260,1328,195,1956]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1A–G. Dorsal habiti of Etheophanus spp. A, E. kuscheli sp. n.; B, E. nitidellus; C, E. optandus; D, E. pingius; E, E. striatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617843/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE3C91BFA3742B3FED1F91B" box="[264,300,1692,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1962,1984]" captionTargetBox="[189,1414,253,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,230,1908]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2A–G. Lateral habiti of Etheophanus spp. A, E. kuscheli sp. n.; B, E. nitidellus; C, E. optandus; D, E. pingius; E, E. striatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617845/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE3C91BFA0742B3FEA1F91B" box="[312,348,1692,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 3" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[330,1265,224,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[280,1317,193,1979]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3A–B. Anterolateral view of Etheophanus spp. A, E. kuscheli sp. n.; B, E. nitidellus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617847/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE3C91BFA5742B4FE47F91B" box="[360,442,1691,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,713,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,690,1870]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5A–G. Key characters of Etheophanus spp. A, E. kuscheli sp. n., apical half of median lobe (dorsal view); B, E. nitidellus, apical half of median lobe (dorsal view); C, E. optandus, apical half of median lobe (dorsal view); D, E. pingius, apical half of median lobe (dorsal view); E, E. striatus, apical half of median lobe (dorsal view); F, E. nitidellus (female), internal view of abdominal ventrites showing pair of apodemes on fifth ventrite; G, E. kuscheli, showing semi-lamellate process on procoxa (arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617851/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">5A, 5G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE3C91BFAFA42B4FE28F91B" box="[453,469,1691,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,250,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,250,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A–D. Etheophanus kuscheli, male terminalia. A, aedeagus, dorsal view; B, aedeagus, lateral view; C, tegmen, dorsal view; D, sternites VIII and IX, showing spiculum relictum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617853/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE3C91BFADE42B3FE0DF91B" box="[481,496,1692,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,2003,2025]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1980]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,193,1980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A–D. Etheophanus kuscheli, female terminalia. A, sternite VIII; B, tergite VIII; C, gonocoxites; D, spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617855/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">7</figureCitation>
) http://zoobank.org/
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<subSubSection id="C36D27D7FFE3C91BFBA8432DFB75F85C" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC8745CFFE3C91BFBA8432DFB75F85C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1794,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE3C91BFBA8432DFEECF8B4" bold="true" box="[151,273,1794,1819]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dorsal surfaces apunctate, alveolate microsculpture present, primary dorsal setae adpressed. Pronotal vibrissae present. Procoxa with semi-lamellate process. Eighth sternite of male with each sclerite bearing ca. 7 setae along apical margins; spiculum relictum slender. Aedeagus with setae present at apex of parameroid lobes; median lobe in dorsal view narrowing to subacute, blunted apex with simple edges, in lateral view narrow and elongate and strongly curved ventrally near apex; apico-lateral margin of median lobe bearing a bundle of ca. 4 setae at each corner. Female tergite VII apically attenuate; eighth sternite with arms of base weakly arcuate, apices with 7–8 setae. Gonostylus with 3 apical setae. Spermatheca falciform with globular base.
</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0824D4FFE2C91AFBA8438EFCCFF87A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617853/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" startId="9.[151,264,1953,1975]" targetBox="[151,1435,250,1894]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BC8745CFFE2C91AFBA8438EFCCFF87A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1953,2005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE2C91AFBA8438EFEB3F818" bold="true" box="[151,334,1953,1975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">FIGURES 6A–D</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE2C91AFA61438EFDC3F818" authorityName="Davis &amp; Brav-Cubitt &amp; Buckley &amp; Leschen" authorityYear="2019" box="[350,574,1953,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuscheli">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE2C91AFA61438EFDC3F818" box="[350,574,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="350">Etheophanus kuscheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male terminalia. A, aedeagus, dorsal view; B, aedeagus, lateral view; C, tegmen, dorsal view; D, sternites VIII and IX, showing spiculum relictum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0824D4FFE1C919FBA843FCFA6DF846" box="[151,1424,2003,2025]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617855/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" startId="10.[151,264,2003,2025]" targetBox="[151,1434,193,1980]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BC8745CFFE1C919FBA843FCFA6DF846" blockId="10.[151,1424,2003,2025]" box="[151,1424,2003,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE1C919FBA843FCFEB1F846" bold="true" box="[151,332,2003,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">FIGURES 7A–D</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE1C919FA6743FCFDCBF846" authorityName="Davis &amp; Brav-Cubitt &amp; Buckley &amp; Leschen" authorityYear="2019" box="[344,566,2003,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuscheli">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE1C919FA6743FCFDCBF846" box="[344,566,2003,2025]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="351">Etheophanus kuscheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female terminalia. A, sternite VIII; B, tergite VIII; C, gonocoxites; D, spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36D27D7FFE0C918FBF844B8FD91FBF8" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC8745CFFE0C918FBF844B8FD5EFD92" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918FBF844B8FEA4FF1F" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Description.</emphasis>
Total length
<quantity id="4C8FD9B9FFE0C918FAD144B8FD84FF00" box="[494,633,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.5 mm</quantity>
. Body about 1.73 times as long as wide, highly convex. Colour light to dark red-brown, decumbent scales white to pale; primary setae decumbent. Dorsal surfaces apunctate, alveolate microsculpture (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFE609ADFFE0C918FAA744F0FDDAFF57" author="Harris, R." box="[408,551,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref11351" refString="Harris, R. (1979) A glossary of surface sculpturing. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Occasional Papers, 28, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1979">Harris, 1979</bibRefCitation>
) present and well developed on the pronotum, but less so elsewhere in some specimens. Rostrum with lateral carinae conjoined just before eyes with internal area subglabrous and not highly polished, a weak to pronounced median carina present. Antenna with funicle composed of 7 segments and together with antennal club longer than scape with the ratio of antennomere 2–9 lengths: 3:2:1:1:1:1:1:5. Pronotum about 0.91 times as long as wide, widest at about middle; sides weakly curved to parallel-sided at basal 2/3; disc smooth, lacking punctures; pronotal vibrissae present. Elytra about 1.09 times as long as combined width and 1.67 times as long as pronotum; elytral apex typically attenuate at apical third or fourth and not evenly rounded. Abdominal ventrite 5 of male with pair of long apical setae, about as long as the sclerite and more or less erect. Procoxa with semi-lamellate process (
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE0C918FA8D45D0FDEFFDB7" box="[434,530,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1881,1903]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,713,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,690,1870]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5A–G. Key characters of Etheophanus spp. A, E. kuscheli sp. n., apical half of median lobe (dorsal view); B, E. nitidellus, apical half of median lobe (dorsal view); C, E. optandus, apical half of median lobe (dorsal view); D, E. pingius, apical half of median lobe (dorsal view); E, E. striatus, apical half of median lobe (dorsal view); F, E. nitidellus (female), internal view of abdominal ventrites showing pair of apodemes on fifth ventrite; G, E. kuscheli, showing semi-lamellate process on procoxa (arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617851/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
). Protibia not elbowed or with a well-developed tooth at middle. Mesotibia somewhat parallel sided, not broad at the base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8745CFFE0C918FBF84668FB8AFCD0" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918FBF84668FDDAFDCF" bold="true" box="[199,551,583,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Male terminalia and genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE0C918F90A4668FD7FFDCF" box="[565,642,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,250,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,250,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A–D. Etheophanus kuscheli, male terminalia. A, aedeagus, dorsal view; B, aedeagus, lateral view; C, tegmen, dorsal view; D, sternites VIII and IX, showing spiculum relictum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617853/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
A–D): Sternite IX complete, expanded; spiculum gastrale of sternite IX (
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE0C918FBA04643FEF8FD2A" box="[159,261,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,250,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,250,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A–D. Etheophanus kuscheli, male terminalia. A, aedeagus, dorsal view; B, aedeagus, lateral view; C, tegmen, dorsal view; D, sternites VIII and IX, showing spiculum relictum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617853/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Figs. 6D</figureCitation>
) broadly curved, with slightly bulbed apex, base obliquely bifid. Eighth sternite divided, large, each sclerite bearing ca. 7 setae along apical margins; spiculum relictum present, slender, apically bifid. Aedeagus with tegmen (
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE0C918FBC7469BFEB3FD62" box="[248,334,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,250,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,250,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A–D. Etheophanus kuscheli, male terminalia. A, aedeagus, dorsal view; B, aedeagus, lateral view; C, tegmen, dorsal view; D, sternites VIII and IX, showing spiculum relictum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617853/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
) complete, slender; dorsal parameroid lobes long, slender, nearly 0.5x length of aedeagal temones, setae present at apex; manubrium long, slender, ca. 0.5x length of aedeagal temones. Penis (
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE0C918FFEE46F8FADDFD5F" box="[1233,1312,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 6" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,250,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,250,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 6A–D. Etheophanus kuscheli, male terminalia. A, aedeagus, dorsal view; B, aedeagus, lateral view; C, tegmen, dorsal view; D, sternites VIII and IX, showing spiculum relictum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617853/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
A–B) with median struts (temones) approximately equal in length to median lobe; median lobe in dorsal view narrowing to subacute, blunted apex with simple edges, in lateral view narrow and elongate and strongly curved ventrally near apex; apico-lateral margin of median lobe bearing a bundle of ca. 4 setae at each corner; endophallus (internal sac) simple, lacking any large sclerotizations, but covered with small spines near apex of sac.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8745CFFE0C918FBF847A3FD91FBF8" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918FBF847A3FDAFFC0A" bold="true" box="[199,594,908,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Female terminalia and genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE0C918F95947A3FD45FC0B" box="[614,696,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,2003,2025]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1980]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,193,1980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A–D. Etheophanus kuscheli, female terminalia. A, sternite VIII; B, tergite VIII; C, gonocoxites; D, spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617855/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
A–D): Tergite VIII (
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE0C918F89547A3FBF9FC0B" box="[938,1028,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,2003,2025]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1980]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,193,1980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A–D. Etheophanus kuscheli, female terminalia. A, sternite VIII; B, tergite VIII; C, gonocoxites; D, spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617855/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
) apically attenuate, and somewhat narrowed. Eighth sternite (
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE0C918FAFF4780FDEAFC67" box="[448,535,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,2003,2025]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1980]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,193,1980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A–D. Etheophanus kuscheli, female terminalia. A, sternite VIII; B, tergite VIII; C, gonocoxites; D, spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617855/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
) elongate, ca. 1.4x longer than wide; spiculum (spiculum ventrale) long, slender, slightly longer than
<date id="FFC9529CFFE0C918FA4747FBFE69FC43" box="[376,404,980,1004]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">2x</date>
length of base; base of spiculum bifurcate, arms of base weakly arcuate extending nearly to posterior margin of sternite, their apices with ca. 7–8 setae. Gonocoxites of typical form (
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE0C918FFBD47D8FB26FBBF" box="[1154,1243,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,2003,2025]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1980]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,193,1980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A–D. Etheophanus kuscheli, female terminalia. A, sternite VIII; B, tergite VIII; C, gonocoxites; D, spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617855/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
); coxites oblong; styli small, short, each stylus bearing 3 apical setae. Spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE0C918F8BB4033FC20FB9B" box="[900,989,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 7" captionStartId="10.[151,264,2003,2025]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1980]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,193,1980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 7A–D. Etheophanus kuscheli, female terminalia. A, sternite VIII; B, tergite VIII; C, gonocoxites; D, spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617855/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
) falciform, with globular base, strongly curved and narrowing with rounded apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D27D7FFE0C918FBF8404BFB99FAD7" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC8745CFFE0C918FBF8404BFB99FAD7" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918FBF8404BFEB2FBD2" bold="true" box="[199,335,1124,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE0C918FA64404BFDA9FBD3" authorityName="Davis &amp; Brav-Cubitt &amp; Buckley &amp; Leschen" authorityYear="2019" box="[347,596,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuscheli">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918FA64404BFDA9FBD3" box="[347,596,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Etheophanus kuscheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easy to distinguish from its congeners by the presence of the semilamellate process on the procoxa. The attenuate apex of the elytra in most specimens is also diagnostic but it is variable in the genus.
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE0C918FA9E4083FD66FB6B" authorityName="Davis &amp; Brav-Cubitt &amp; Buckley &amp; Leschen" authorityYear="2019" box="[417,667,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuscheli">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918FA9E4083FD66FB6B" box="[417,667,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Etheophanus kuscheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar, and shares at least two synapomorphies with
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE0C918FEBB4082FF02FB47" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidellus">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918FEBB4082FF02FB47" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">E. nitidellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE609ADFFE0C918FA9E40FFFDCFFB47" author="Craw, R." box="[417,562,1232,1256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" pagination="291 - 310" refId="ref10661" refString="Craw, R. (1988) Continuing the synthesis between panbiogeography, phylogenetic systematics and geology as illustrated by empirical studies on the biogeography of New Zealand and the Chatham Islands. Systematic Biology, 37 (3), 291 - 310." type="journal article" year="1988">Craw (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, including the presence of long and erect setae on abdominal ventrite 5. Both taxa were coded as a single taxon in Craw’s study whilst
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE0C918F82F40DAFC6BFAA3" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1921" box="[784,918,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="optandus">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918F82F40DAFC6BFAA3" box="[784,918,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">E. optandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was coded separately. Apart from the lamellar process,
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE0C918FBC64136FE8EFA9F" authorityName="Davis &amp; Brav-Cubitt &amp; Buckley &amp; Leschen" authorityYear="2019" box="[249,371,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuscheli">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918FBC64136FE8EFA9F" box="[249,371,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">E. kuscheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE0C918F9E94136FCA0FA9F" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1923" box="[726,861,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidellus">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918F9E94136FCA0FA9F" box="[726,861,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">E. nitidellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE0C918F8AC4136FBE5FA9F" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1921" box="[915,1048,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="optandus">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918F8AC4136FBE5FA9F" box="[915,1048,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">E. optandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of 4 (not 6) apical setae on the median lobe and, in some specimens, the base of the mesotibia is somewhat broader (see
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE0C918FE784113FA73FAFB" box="[1351,1422,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 3" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[330,1265,224,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[280,1317,193,1979]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3A–B. Anterolateral view of Etheophanus spp. A, E. kuscheli sp. n.; B, E. nitidellus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617847/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Genetic data place
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE0C918FA53414EFE15FAD7" authorityName="Davis &amp; Brav-Cubitt &amp; Buckley &amp; Leschen" authorityYear="2019" box="[364,488,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuscheli">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918FA53414EFE15FAD7" box="[364,488,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">E. kuscheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sister taxon to
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE0C918F98E414EFCC5FAD7" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1923" box="[689,824,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidellus">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918F98E414EFCC5FAD7" box="[689,824,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">E. nitidellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C770FDFFFE0C918F851414EFC09FAD7" authorityName="Broun" authorityYear="1921" box="[878,1012,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Etheophanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="optandus">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918F851414EFC09FAD7" box="[878,1012,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">E. optandus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134C68D9FFE0C918FF3B4170FBAAFAD7" box="[1028,1111,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionText="FIGURE 16. The phylogenetic tree reconstructed using a combined dataset of COI and 28S sequences for the genus Etheophanus. The scale bar indicates the average number of substitutions per site. Posterior probabilities greater than or equal to 0.5 are shown at points of divergence." pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D27D7FFE0C918FBF841ABFEC5FA6F" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC8745CFFE0C918FBF841ABFEC5FA6F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918FBF841ABFEB3FA32" bold="true" box="[199,334,1412,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Etymology.</emphasis>
Patrynomic for friend, mentor and world weevil specialist, the late Willy Kuschel (
<date id="FFC9529CFFE0C918FFCF41ABFA7EFA33" box="[1264,1411,1412,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" value="1918-07-13">13 July 1918</date>
–
<date id="FFC9529CFFE0C918FEAC41ABFED1FA6F" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" value="2017-08-01">1 August 2017</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D27D7FFE0C918FBF841E3FCECFA4B" box="[199,785,1484,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC8745CFFE0C918FBF841E3FCECFA4B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[199,785,1484,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918FBF841E3FE9DFA4A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1484,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Distribution.</emphasis>
South Island: NN, BR, NC, MC, WD.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D27D7FFE0C918FBF841C0FAC0F983" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC8745CFFE0C918FBF841C0FAC0F983" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B903A84EFFE0C918FBF841C0FE4BF9A7" bold="true" box="[199,438,1519,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1F7E01FFE0C918FA8341C0FAC0F983" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147525235" collectingDate="1972-04-18" collectionCode="NZAC" collectorName="Fletcher Ck. S. Inangahua Buller &amp; J. S. Dugdale Litter" location="Beech Forest" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54CCCAFEFFE0C918FA8341C0FDD9F9A7" box="[444,548,1519,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED66EC99FFE0C918F90C41DFFD7BF9A7" box="[563,646,1520,1544]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34070" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34070" name="New Zealand Arthropod Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" type="Other institutional type">NZAC</collectionCode>
): “
<collectorName id="2682118AFFE0C918F99D41C0FBEEF9A7" box="[674,1043,1519,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Fletcher Ck. S. Inangahua Buller</collectorName>
<date id="FFC9529CFFE0C918FF2641DFFB74F9A7" box="[1049,1161,1520,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" value="1972-04-18">
<collectingDate id="EF8DAB74FFE0C918FF2641DFFB74F9A7" box="[1049,1161,1520,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" value="1972-04-18">18 Apr 72</collectingDate>
</date>
[date handwritten]//
<collectorName id="2682118AFFE0C918FE4B41DFFEC6F982" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">J.S. Dugdale Litter</collectorName>
72/138 [handwritten] //
<location id="8EA82287FFE0C918F972423BFD1DF983" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEC54AFFE3C918FBA84257FAC0F983:8EA82287FFE0C918F972423BFD1DF983" box="[589,736,1556,1581]" name="Beech Forest" pageId="11" pageNumber="352">Beech Forest</location>
Utilisation Project.
<typeStatus id="54CCCAFEFFE0C918F8FE423AFBD3F982" box="[961,1070,1557,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="352" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(n = 266; Appendix A).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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