701 lines
55 KiB
XML
701 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629783" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f672a2d-8f85-4840-ace9-34852d7b498f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123195607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629783" checkinTime="1468481784371" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arturo Acero P., José J. Tavera, Rafael Anguila & Luis Hernández" docDate="2016" docId="03DE663EB828AE4BFF66F981E443BAE2" docLanguage="en" docName="copeia.104.2.577.pdf" docOrigin="Copeia 104 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Squatina david P., Tavera, Anguila & Hernández, 2016, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="582" masterDocId="FFE71E46B82BAE4DFFE8FF98E037BD0A" masterDocTitle="A New Southern Caribbean Species of Angel Shark (Chondrichthyes, Squaliformes, Squatinidae), Including Phylogeny and Tempo of Diversification of American Species" masterLastPageNumber="585" masterPageNumber="577" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" updateTime="1635645233963" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A New Southern Caribbean Species of Angel Shark (Chondrichthyes, Squaliformes, Squatinidae), Including Phylogeny and Tempo of Diversification of American Species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Arturo Acero P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>José J. Tavera</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rafael Anguila</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Luis Hernández</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Copeia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>104</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>577</mods:start>
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<mods:end>585</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1643/Ci-15-292</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">4f672a2d-8f85-4840-ace9-34852d7b498f</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">269600</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629783" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123195607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629783" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE663EB828AE4BFF66F981E443BAE2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE663EB828AE4BFF66F981E443BAE2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="582" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="579" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[142,714,1561,1672]" box="[142,474,1561,1583]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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<heading bold="true" box="[142,474,1561,1583]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" reason="6">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,474,1561,1583]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[142,322,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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||
<taxonomicName box="[142,316,1561,1583]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david" status="new species">Squatina david</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[330,474,1562,1583]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="3.[142,714,1561,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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||
<number box="[394,419,1589,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="65.0">65</number>
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AB
|
||
<number box="[456,482,1589,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="97.0">97</number>
|
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F
|
||
<number box="[497,542,1589,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="46.5" valueMax="86.0" valueMin="7.0">7-86</number>
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||
CA-
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||
<number box="[588,614,1589,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="47.0">47</number>
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D
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||
<number box="[633,691,1589,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="452.0" valueMax="898.0" valueMin="6.0">6-898</number>
|
||
F- CA
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||
<number box="[177,201,1619,1642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="80.0">80</number>
|
||
A
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||
<number box="[220,256,1619,1642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="781.0">781</number>
|
||
E
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||
<number box="[271,282,1619,1642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="9.0">9</number>
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||
B
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||
<number box="[298,309,1619,1642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="6.0">6</number>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="579" type="description">
|
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<paragraph blockId="3.[142,714,1561,1672]" box="[142,264,1649,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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||
Figures
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||
<number box="[225,264,1649,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5</number>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="3.[142,812,1698,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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<taxonomicName box="[142,233,1699,1720]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[142,233,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">Squatina</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
sp.—Uyeno and Sasaki in Uyeno et al. (
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||
<number box="[742,800,1699,1721]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="1983.0">1983</number>
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||
): descriptive distinctive characters, distribution, remarks, and figures.–Paramo et al. (
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<number box="[493,551,1759,1782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2015.0">2015</number>
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||
), ecologic and fishery information.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="3.[142,812,1698,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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||
<taxonomicName box="[142,321,1820,1842]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
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<emphasis box="[142,321,1820,1842]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">Squatina dumeril</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
non Lesueur.—Valdez and Aguilera (
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||
<number box="[742,799,1820,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="1987.0">1987</number>
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||
), description, picture.–Cervigón (
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||
<number box="[516,574,1851,1873]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="1992.0">1992</number>
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||
), description, figure.– Cervigón and Alcalá (
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||
<number box="[421,479,1881,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="1999.0">1999</number>
|
||
), description, measurements, biological and ecological information, two pictures.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="3.[142,812,1698,2024]" lastBlockId="3.[885,1529,501,553]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Lesueur." authorityName="Lesueur." box="[142,446,1941,1963]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
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<emphasis box="[142,335,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">Squatina dumeril</emphasis>
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Lesueur.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—Compagno (
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||
<number box="[623,679,1942,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2002.0">2002</number>
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||
), map includes range of the new species.–Compagno et al. (
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||
<number box="[176,232,2001,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2005.0">2005</number>
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||
), map includes range of the new species.–Robertson and Van Tassell (
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||
<number box="[1137,1192,501,524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2015.0">2015</number>
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||
), map includes range of the new species.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="579" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="3.[859,1529,584,665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1275227688" collectingDate="2010-07-12" collectingMethod="gill nets" collectionCode="INVEMAR" country="Colombia" elevation="144" latitude="11.0091667" location="Bocas de Ceniza" longitude="-75.0552778" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" specimenCode="PEC8250" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,983,584,606]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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||
<typeStatus box="[859,954,584,606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[984,1096,584,605]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x8g0-r9d6" name="Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">INVEMAR</collectionCode>
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||
<specimenCode box="[1107,1210,584,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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||
PEC
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||
<quantity box="[1157,1322,584,607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.250786999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="mm" value="8250787.0">8250, 787 mm</quantity>
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||
</specimenCode>
|
||
total length (TL),
|
||
<specimenCount box="[859,915,613,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[928,1039,613,636]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE663EB828AE4BFF66F981E443BAE2:8EA881F3B828AE4EFBF4FDFEE4E4BF76" box="[1052,1235,613,636]" country="Colombia" name="Bocas de Ceniza" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">Bocas de Ceniza</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1248,1378,610,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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<number box="[1248,1275,614,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="11.0">11</number>
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||
°0 0'
|
||
<number box="[1318,1345,614,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="33.0">33</number>
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'' N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[1391,1523,610,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
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||
<number box="[1391,1418,613,636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="75.0">75</number>
|
||
°0
|
||
<number box="[1441,1454,614,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1461,1488,614,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="19.0">19</number>
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||
''W
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||
</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[859,930,643,664]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="m" value="144.0">
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||
<elevation box="[859,930,643,664]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="m" value="144.0">144 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth, fishermen (
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||
<collectingMethod box="[1145,1236,642,665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">gill nets</collectingMethod>
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||
),
|
||
<date box="[1257,1401,642,665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2010-07-12">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1257,1401,642,665]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2010-07-12">
|
||
<number box="[1257,1284,643,664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
July
|
||
<number box="[1343,1401,643,664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2010.0">2010</number>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[859,1529,695,894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1275227691" collectingDate="2010-07-12" collectionCode="INVEMAR" country="Colombia" latitude="11.0091667" longitude="-75.0552778" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" specimenCode="PEC8252" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,993,696,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[859,964,696,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[993,1105,696,717]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x8g0-r9d6" name="Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">INVEMAR</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1115,1218,695,718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
PEC
|
||
<quantity box="[1165,1327,695,718]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.252748" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="mm" value="8252748.0">8252, 748 mm</quantity>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity box="[1389,1485,695,718]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.99" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="mm" value="599.0">599 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL, two
|
||
<specimenCount box="[919,1005,725,748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" type="female">females</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality and date as the holotype;
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1275227689" collectingDate="1996-09-08" collectionCode="INVEMAR" country="Colombia" elevation="100" latitude="11.0875" longitude="-74.6075" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" specimenCode="PEC2186" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[859,977,755,776]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x8g0-r9d6" name="Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">INVEMAR</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[995,1101,754,777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
PEC
|
||
<quantity box="[1043,1234,754,777]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.186257" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="mm" value="2186257.0">2186, 257 mm</quantity>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
TL,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1306,1362,754,777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" type="male">male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1388,1521,751,777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<number box="[1388,1416,755,776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
°0
|
||
<number box="[1440,1453,754,777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1462,1490,754,777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="15.0">15</number>
|
||
''N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[859,994,781,806]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" precision="15" value="-74.6075">
|
||
<number box="[859,886,784,805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="74.0">74</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[895,922,783,806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="36.0">36</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[929,956,784,805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="27.0">27</number>
|
||
'' W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[1011,1087,784,805]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="m" value="100.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1011,1087,784,805]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth,
|
||
<date box="[1186,1399,783,806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="1996-09-08">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1186,1399,783,806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="1996-09-08">
|
||
<number box="[1186,1200,784,805]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
September
|
||
<number box="[1342,1399,783,806]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="1996.0">1996</number>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1275227690" collectingDate="2001-03-14" collectionCode="INVEMAR" country="Colombia" elevation="-150" latitude="12.509167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-71.75584" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" specimenCode="PEC3988" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1417,1529,784,805]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x8g0-r9d6" name="Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">INVEMAR</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[859,963,813,834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
PEC
|
||
<quantity box="[910,1066,812,835]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.988245" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="mm" value="3988245.0">3988, 245 mm</quantity>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
TL,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1115,1191,812,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" type="female">female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1202,1331,810,834]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" precision="15" value="12.509167">
|
||
<number box="[1202,1229,813,834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1237,1264,813,834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="30.0">30</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1272,1299,813,834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="33.0">33</number>
|
||
''N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1343,1477,810,835]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" precision="15" value="-71.75584">
|
||
<number box="[1343,1370,813,834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="71.0">71</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1378,1405,812,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="45.0">45</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1413,1440,813,834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="21.0">21</number>
|
||
''W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="m" value="150.0">
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="3" pageNumber="579" type="male">150 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[895,1064,842,865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2001-03-14">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[895,1064,842,865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2001-03-14">
|
||
<number box="[895,922,842,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="14.0">14</number>
|
||
March
|
||
<number box="[1007,1064,842,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2001.0">2001</number>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1275227687" collectingDate="2001-03-19" collectionCode="INVEMAR" country="Colombia" elevation="-151" latitude="11.385278" longitude="-74.1447222" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" specimenCode="PEC4117" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1075,1187,842,863]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x8g0-r9d6" name="Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">INVEMAR</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1194,1297,842,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
PEC
|
||
<quantity box="[1244,1401,842,864]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.117302" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="mm" value="4117302.0">4117, 302 mm</quantity>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
TL,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1449,1525,842,865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" type="female">female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[859,989,868,893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<number box="[859,886,872,893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[895,922,872,893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="23.0">23</number>
|
||
'0
|
||
<number box="[943,956,872,893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
'' N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1001,1135,868,893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<number box="[1001,1028,872,893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="74.0">74</number>
|
||
°0
|
||
<number box="[1051,1064,872,893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="8.0">8</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1071,1098,872,893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="41.0">41</number>
|
||
''W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[1147,1221,871,894]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="m" value="151.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1147,1221,871,894]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.51" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="m" value="151.0">151 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1233,1405,871,894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2001-03-19">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1233,1405,871,894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2001-03-19">
|
||
<number box="[1233,1260,872,893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="19.0">19</number>
|
||
March
|
||
<number box="[1347,1405,872,893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2001.0">2001</number>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="579" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[859,1529,924,1180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,992,925,946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">Diagnosis.—</emphasis>
|
||
A
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1020,1114,925,946]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1020,1114,925,946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinct from other western North Atlantic squatinids based on the following combination of characters: mid-dorsal line lacking thorns or enlarged, sharp, pointed dermal denticles; eye-spiracle distance larger than
|
||
<number box="[1005,1040,1041,1064]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="1.5">1.5</number>
|
||
times eye diameter in specimens larger than
|
||
<quantity box="[922,994,1070,1093]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
|
||
TL; each nasal flap with two rod-like barbels, outer barbel divided; coloration grayish to brownish yellow, male dark-spotted, females with abundant whitish spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[859,1529,1211,2024]" lastBlockId="4.[103,773,1881,2024]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,1008,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">Description.—</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface covered with interspersed denticles of relative roughness, a densely concentrated patch of small curved spines along anterior pectoral-fin margins in mature males (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1057,1118,1299,1322]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="4.[103,130,1807,1827]" captionTargetBox="[103,1491,130,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[103,1491,130,1777]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. (A – B) Squatina david, new species. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8250. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8252. Zoom on mid-dorsal line, highlighting lack of thorns or enlarged dermal denticles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269601/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1104,1118,1300,1321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A), poorly developed in females (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="4.[103,130,1807,1827]" captionTargetBox="[103,1491,130,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[103,1491,130,1777]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. (A – B) Squatina david, new species. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8250. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8252. Zoom on mid-dorsal line, highlighting lack of thorns or enlarged dermal denticles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269601/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[859,873,1329,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
B); ventral surface comparatively smooth, except for narrow bands of denticles along anterior margins of both pectoral and pelvic fins. Head rounded, length around five times in total length, with a maximum width occurring anterior of gill openings (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1195,1268,1445,1468]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="5.[142,169,669,689]" captionTargetBox="[142,1530,130,639]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[142,1530,130,640]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. (A – B) Dorsal head view of Squatina david. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8250; upper arrow points to spiracle and lower one to the eye, highlighting difference in size. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8252." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269602/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1254,1268,1446,1467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="2.0">2</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moderate tubercles interspersed above mouth and eye crests, smooth oval patch above midpoint of mouth in between eyes. Eyes almond-shaped, closely set, with an interorbital space
|
||
<number pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11– 13</number>
|
||
times in TL; eye-spiracle distance relatively large,
|
||
<number box="[1461,1529,1563,1584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="36.5" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="30.0">30–43</number>
|
||
times in TL. Spiracles crescent-shaped with pronounced interior papillae along posterior margin. Interorbital space around
|
||
<number box="[949,984,1651,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="1.1">1.1</number>
|
||
times larger than interspiracle space. Center of upper lip arch exposed at midpoint of upper jaw, exposure semi-oval in shape. Labial furrows, roughly equal in length, extending from corners of mouth medially, with upper labial furrow partially covered with dermal folds (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[868,932,1797,1820]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="5.[142,169,1949,1969]" captionTargetBox="[142,812,1674,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[142,813,1674,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. (A – B) Ventral head view of Squatina david. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8250. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8252." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269603/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[918,932,1797,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distinct nasal flaps protruding from dermal folds above mouth, two barbels protruding from each flap; inner nasal barbels rod-like, containing little if any fringe; outer nasal barbels rod-like with a small branch protruding ventrally near tip (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1108,1182,1914,1937]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="6.[103,130,804,824]" captionTargetBox="[103,1491,131,775]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[103,1491,130,775]" captionText="Fig. 4. Ventral scheme of nasal barbels and labial furrows of male Squatina david." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269604/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="579">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1168,1182,1914,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="4.0">4</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nostrils large, protruding slightly, and tear-shaped. Dermal folds along exterior of head, one small lobe present at corners of mouth extending ventrally. Mouth length about
|
||
<number box="[1335,1370,2002,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="579" value="0.3">0.3</number>
|
||
times as long as mouth width. Dentition consisting of small, dagger-like teeth, conical without cusplets on a broad base, in two orderly longitudinal rows on upper jaw, three rows on bottom jaw, no teeth at symphysis,
|
||
<number box="[542,570,1972,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="580" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
teeth by row in each jaw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269601/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="580" targetBox="[103,1491,130,1776]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[103,1491,1807,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="580">
|
||
Fig. 1. (A–B)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[244,396,1807,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="580">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[244,391,1807,1827]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="580" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david" status="new species">Squatina david</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[404,524,1807,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="580" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8250. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8252. Zoom on mid-dorsal line, highlighting lack of thorns or enlarged dermal denticles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[820,1490,1881,2024]" lastBlockId="5.[142,812,781,1611]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="4" pageNumber="580">
|
||
Pectoral fins large and broadly rounded, originating just behind gills. Anterior margin of pectoral fin mostly straight,
|
||
<number box="[820,900,1942,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="580" value="0.8500000000000001" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8–0.9</number>
|
||
as long as pectoral length, extending to a lateral apex. Margin from lateral apex to posterior-most lobe slightly concave. Posterior lobe broadly rounded. Pectoral inner margin about one half of pectoral length, convex, and with a small lobe near pectoral base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269602/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" targetBox="[142,1530,130,639]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[142,1529,669,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Fig. 2. (A–B) Dorsal head view of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[465,608,669,689]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[465,608,669,689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">Squatina david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8250; upper arrow points to spiracle and lower one to the eye, highlighting difference in size. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8252.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[142,812,781,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Overall pelvic fin shape somewhat triangular with rounded fin tips. Pelvic fins originating anterior to pectoral fin free rear tips. Pelvic fin length between one half and four fifths as long as pectoral fin length. Pelvic-fin base usually longer than pectoral-fin base, anterior margin
|
||
<number box="[570,664,960,983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="0.575" valueMax="0.65" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.65</number>
|
||
times as long as pelvic fin length. Posterior margin of pelvic fin straight to posterior free tip approximately
|
||
<number box="[507,541,1021,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="0.7">0.7</number>
|
||
times fin length. Pelvic inner margin straight and short, approximately
|
||
<number box="[679,713,1051,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="0.4">0.4</number>
|
||
times as long as pectoral fin length. Pelvic-fin insertion furrows on ventral side extend in a narrow ellipse to anterior apogee of vent, vent is within ellipse. One pelvic-fin tip extends to first dorsal origin, the other does not.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[142,812,781,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Dorsal fins slightly angular, second dorsal fin slightly smaller than first dorsal fin, with denticles covering the entirety of both fins (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[402,467,1260,1283]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="6.[103,130,1949,1969]" captionTargetBox="[103,774,1172,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[103,774,1172,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. (A – B) Dorsal fins of Squatina david. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8250. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8252." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269605/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[453,467,1260,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="5.0">5</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal-caudal space
|
||
<number box="[730,744,1260,1281]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
.
|
||
<number box="[751,812,1260,1282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="0.7" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.0">0–1.4</number>
|
||
times longer than interdorsal space. Anterior margin of both dorsal fins straight, nearly equidistant. Dorsal-fin bases subequal. Posterior margins straight, about
|
||
<number box="[632,714,1349,1372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7</number>
|
||
times as long as anterior margins. Inner margin of dorsal fins straight, approximately
|
||
<number box="[423,505,1409,1432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="0.35" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.5</number>
|
||
times as long as anterior margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[142,812,781,1611]" lastBlockId="5.[859,1529,781,892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Caudal peduncle compressed dorso-ventrally with lateral longitudinal ridges, tapering posteriorly. Caudal fin lobelike, markedly at dorsal apex, dorsal margin broadly rounded, about
|
||
<number box="[326,408,1559,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9</number>
|
||
times as long as preventral caudalfin margin. Subterminal caudal-fin margin approximately
|
||
<number box="[859,894,782,803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="1.4">1.4</number>
|
||
times longer than caudal upper postventral margin. Caudal lower postventral margin slightly convex, approximately
|
||
<number box="[952,986,840,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="1.5">1.5</number>
|
||
times longer than caudal upper postventral margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[859,1529,923,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,1002,923,945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">Coloration.—</emphasis>
|
||
Grayish to brownish yellow. Male with dark spots, subequal to smaller than eye diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1427,1493,952,975]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="4.[103,130,1807,1827]" captionTargetBox="[103,1491,130,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[103,1491,130,1777]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. (A – B) Squatina david, new species. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8250. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8252. Zoom on mid-dorsal line, highlighting lack of thorns or enlarged dermal denticles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269601/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1484,1493,953,975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Females with abundant whitish spots, smaller than eye diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[972,1029,1011,1034]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="4.[103,130,1807,1827]" captionTargetBox="[103,1491,130,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[103,1491,130,1777]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. (A – B) Squatina david, new species. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8250. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC 8252. Zoom on mid-dorsal line, highlighting lack of thorns or enlarged dermal denticles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269601/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1019,1029,1012,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="581" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[859,1529,1064,1294]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,1015,1065,1087]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">Distribution.—</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1172,1220,1066,1087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material, it is known from the Colombian Caribbean, between Bocas de Ceniza (
|
||
<number box="[868,895,1124,1145]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="11.0">11</number>
|
||
°0 0'
|
||
<number box="[937,964,1124,1145]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="33.0">33</number>
|
||
''N,
|
||
<number box="[1011,1038,1123,1146]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="75.0">75</number>
|
||
°0
|
||
<number box="[1061,1074,1124,1145]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="3.0">3</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1081,1108,1124,1145]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="19.0">19</number>
|
||
''W) and Punta Gallinas (
|
||
<number box="[1395,1422,1124,1145]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[1430,1457,1124,1145]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="30.0">30</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[1465,1492,1124,1145]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="33.0">33</number>
|
||
''N,
|
||
<number box="[859,886,1154,1175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="71.0">71</number>
|
||
°
|
||
<number box="[895,922,1153,1176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="45.0">45</number>
|
||
'
|
||
<number box="[929,956,1154,1175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="21.0">21</number>
|
||
'' W). However, according to descriptions and figures of Uyeno et al. (
|
||
<number box="[1045,1101,1183,1205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="1983.0">1983</number>
|
||
) and Cervigón and Alcalá (
|
||
<number box="[1414,1472,1183,1205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="1999.0">1999</number>
|
||
), the species reaches at least to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1158,1266,1212,1235]" name="Suriname" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Therefore, its distribution goes from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1040,1148,1241,1264]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1194,1298,1241,1264]" name="Suriname" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
along the northern coast of South
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1026,1120,1271,1294]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="582" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[859,1530,1324,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[859,978,1324,1346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">Remarks.—</emphasis>
|
||
Although similar to other northwestern Atlantic angel sharks,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1017,1103,1354,1376]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1017,1103,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from the other three species known from the area as follows. Its eye-spiracle distance in eye diameter is
|
||
<number box="[1159,1241,1412,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="1.8" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.1</number>
|
||
times in specimens larger than
|
||
<quantity box="[918,1011,1442,1465]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.99" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" unit="mm" value="599.0">599 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL (
|
||
<quantity box="[1061,1171,1442,1465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" unit="in" value="1.05" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.3 in</quantity>
|
||
those
|
||
<quantity box="[1245,1392,1442,1465]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.735" metricValueMax="3.02" metricValueMin="2.45" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" unit="mm" value="273.5" valueMax="302.0" valueMin="245.0">245–302 mm</quantity>
|
||
), while in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is always less than
|
||
<number box="[1156,1190,1471,1494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="1.5">1.5</number>
|
||
(Compagno et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1404,1460,1471,1494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="2005.0">2005</number>
|
||
). This ratio may be also larger than
|
||
<quantity box="[1239,1312,1501,1524]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" unit="in" value="1.5">1.5 in</quantity>
|
||
the two recently described Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1083,1165,1530,1553]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
species (Castro-Aguirre et al.,
|
||
<number box="[859,914,1560,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="2006.0">2006</number>
|
||
). Also, its mid-dorsal line lacks thorns or enlarged, sharp, pointed dermal denticles, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1305,1449,1589,1611]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heteroptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1305,1449,1589,1611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">S. heteroptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">S. mexicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1047,1155,1618,1640]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumeril">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1047,1155,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">S. dumeril</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a mid-dorsal row of hooked thorns.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[859,1530,1324,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Colonello et al. (
|
||
<number box="[1063,1119,1678,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
) suggested the occurrence of pectoral spines on mature males, which might be widespread within the order
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[967,1137,1736,1759]" class="Elasmobranchii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Squatiniformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only adult male available (
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.87" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" unit="mm" value="787.0">787 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL) of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1003,1090,1766,1788]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1003,1090,1766,1788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indeed has a patch of spines on its pectoral fin edges, a trait associated to sexual dimorphism. In the numerous previously examined (Bigelow and Schroeder,
|
||
<number box="[859,916,1855,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="1948.0">1948</number>
|
||
; Colonello et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1112,1169,1855,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
; Baremore,
|
||
<number box="[1299,1355,1855,1877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" value="2010.0">2010</number>
|
||
) morphometric differences between males and females, no mention has been made of nostril width. This tear-shaped cavity is wider, almost two-fold in adult males of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1279,1367,1942,1964]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1279,1367,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to females. We speculate that males may have a larger nostril area enhancing their capability to detect female reproductive
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269603/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" targetBox="[142,812,1674,1919]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[142,812,1949,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Fig. 3. (A–B) Ventral head view of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[477,621,1949,1969]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[477,621,1949,1969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="581">Squatina david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8250. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8252.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption box="[103,896,804,825]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269604/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" targetBox="[103,1491,131,775]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[103,156,804,824]" box="[103,156,804,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[103,156,804,824]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[103,156,804,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[178,896,804,825]" box="[178,896,804,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,896,804,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">
|
||
Ventral scheme of nasal barbels and labial furrows of male
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[747,891,804,824]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[747,891,804,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">Squatina david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[103,773,890,1110]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">
|
||
cues as has already been suggested by Arif (
|
||
<number box="[661,716,890,911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="2011.0">2011</number>
|
||
) for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[103,321,922,944]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[103,321,922,944]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">Scyliorhinus canicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[103,773,890,1110]" lastBlockId="6.[820,1490,890,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">
|
||
Stelbrink et al. (
|
||
<number box="[335,391,957,978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="2010.0">2010</number>
|
||
) included in a comprehensive worldwide species coverage, corresponding to world major geographic regions, four recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[524,615,1023,1044]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[524,615,1023,1044]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clades. After including sequences from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[391,471,1054,1076]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis box="[391,471,1054,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all reconstructions yielded the same results, with the new species being nested inside the American branch. All phylogenetic methods used in this study consistently recover
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1116,1197,920,942]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1116,1197,920,942]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister species of the branch, including the Brazilian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1177,1325,950,972]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guggenheim">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1177,1325,950,972]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">S. guggenheim</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1384,1483,950,972]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occulta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1384,1483,950,972]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">S. occulta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to our time-calibrated phylogeny, the branch including all South and North American species originated at some point between mid-Oligocene to late-Miocene (
|
||
<number box="[1429,1476,1042,1063]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="29.3">29.3</number>
|
||
–
|
||
<number box="[820,854,1072,1095]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="8.6">8.6</number>
|
||
mya). Our result displaces the earliest boundary of such splitting several million years before the hypothesis of Stelbrink et al. (
|
||
<number box="[1006,1065,1133,1155]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="2010.0">2010</number>
|
||
). In accordance with our results, the
|
||
<number box="[820,847,1163,1186]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="95.0">95</number>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[859,910,1164,1185]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13184" name="Hampstead Scientific Society" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">HPD</collectionCode>
|
||
credible interval of the time of origin of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1404,1489,1163,1185]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1404,1489,1163,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">S. david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spans from
|
||
<number box="[967,1015,1194,1215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="10.7">10.7</number>
|
||
to
|
||
<number box="[1069,1103,1194,1215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="2.7">2.7</number>
|
||
mya, somewhere between mid- Miocene to Pliocene (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1061,1125,1224,1247]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="7.[1178,1205,1004,1024]" captionTargetBox="[142,1130,131,1310]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[142,1130,131,1310]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 6. Time-calibrated hypothesis of 18 species of Squatina. Maximum clade credibility tree of three independent BEAST runs using a combined data set (COI and 16 S) of 1170 bp. Red bars relate to 95 HPD of estimated divergence. Black circles correspond to posterior probabilities higher than 0.95. Gray circles are bonded to values between 0.95 and 0.90. White circles represent all those supporting values lower than 0.90." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269606/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1109,1125,1224,1247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="6.0">6</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[820,1490,890,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">
|
||
The branching arrangement of American
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1318,1411,1255,1276]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1318,1411,1255,1276]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a distinguishable biogeographic pattern, with the most basal species being restricted to the southeastern Pacific, one clade exclusive to South
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1171,1265,1345,1368]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and a third being totally North American (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1098,1159,1376,1399]" captionStart="Fig. 7" captionStartId="7.[1178,1207,1843,1863]" captionTargetBox="[142,1131,1467,2017]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[142,1131,1467,2017]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 7. Chronogram of American species of Squatina. Color bars match geographical distribution. Black circles correspond to posterior probabilities higher than 0.95, and gray circles correspond to values between 0.95 and 0.90." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269607/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1145,1159,1377,1398]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="7.0">7</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Unfortunately, there are no available molecular data for the two endemic Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[820,902,1436,1459]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1004,1131,1437,1459]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mexicana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1004,1131,1437,1459]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">S. mexicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1189,1330,1436,1458]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heteroptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1189,1330,1436,1458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">S. heteroptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), information that eventually may concur with the south-north grouping hypothesis. Geologic and paleoclimatic events during the Miocene-Pliocene associated with the rising of the Central American isthmus and its collision with northwestern South
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[820,911,1588,1611]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Coates and Obando,
|
||
<number box="[1185,1240,1588,1611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="1996.0">1996</number>
|
||
; Coates et al.,
|
||
<number box="[1426,1481,1589,1610]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="2004.0">2004</number>
|
||
) could have deeply influenced the evolutionary history of American angel sharks. A thorough review including the two Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[986,1069,1679,1702]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
species and additional genes are necessary in order to have a better understanding of the evolutionary history of this American clade of elasmobranchs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="582" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[820,1490,1825,1909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,961,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">Etymology.—</emphasis>
|
||
To be used as a noun in apposition. To honor the son of the first author,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1116,1181,1855,1878]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">David</taxonomicName>
|
||
Acero, who passed away on
|
||
<date box="[820,985,1886,1909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" value="2011-03-07">March 7, 2011</date>
|
||
. Pronunciation of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1194,1250,1886,1908]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1194,1250,1886,1908]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[1265,1348,1886,1908]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">dahveed</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269605/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" targetBox="[103,774,1172,1919]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[103,773,1949,2022]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">
|
||
Fig. 5. (A–B) Dorsal fins of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[382,527,1949,1969]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[382,527,1949,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">Squatina david</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) Male, holotype, 787 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8250. (B) Female, paratype, 748 mm TL, INVEMAR PEC8252.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[820,1490,1941,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[820,1027,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="582">Common names.—</emphasis>
|
||
The following common names are proposed for the new species: David’s Angel Shark (English) and angelote de
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[956,1021,2001,2024]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="david">David</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Spanish).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |