667 lines
86 KiB
XML
667 lines
86 KiB
XML
<document id="E990DB958E94F86D72D6792C2C31C24C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275435" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43dfd836-93f6-43f4-9cf2-dc4b9c4f8bff" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275435" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460068242643" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barrio-Amorós, César L., Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando & Barros, Tito R." docDate="2010" docId="03CA87DA4C34A511FF2C0CD509D3E30E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02329p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2329" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pristimantis rivasi Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic & Barros, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFF3FFA24C3EA501FFBB0C420B5FE04D" masterDocTitle="Two new Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Strabomantidae) from the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698234731449" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D3124326560FECFE746A1C7ABBA9F4C8">
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<mods:title id="65F5807FBB885EC600FC3A1B315FBB9D">Two new Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Strabomantidae) from the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1333EBF47F7C7BDD7DA75652B941AC19" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="989F87CF2587CBF31052E3A4FA8B0FF4">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4604E641601F9ACCA68AB364AF8D340C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DADEC89495E69A340F30F7A824AD8AEF">Barrio-Amorós, César L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="44405FAFC2209976EDE6807361702C9C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AA2B299BCBDAD2DF4973A012CF6BC4B0">Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="55C23DB49C2E1EF34904F662CCD2CE91" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="670340CD8B999E0706712932BB536820">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E8BFDA426EA14C14392D3BCBCEE3F654">Barros, Tito R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5EAE2B0DE42CA2C400E78D6DBCA5CDAD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BCAC5E510C962E7F62000F170522D864">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="917CBDC4A553642DA3911F92B713B89C">
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<mods:date id="21D1137DAA1A4340318B4F02FB24DBED">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="07190B583CC4D4344FA55D280471A8DC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D99054F1361D5BCCE9BABB7C42867A3F">2329</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="31EED806BF8ABB46C55902317C4676D9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EF94BF3A471483E329F564186ED757C4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275435</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9951E91C1311B01E9AB4A9B4EC07AB5B" type="GBIF-Dataset">43dfd836-93f6-43f4-9cf2-dc4b9c4f8bff</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EEBDBC12091AF4CE0DE560497B6AE886" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5D8BEC7D400D7F7FEAFCA7980FFAB284" type="Zenodo-Dep">275435</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CA87DA4C34A511FF2C0CD509D3E30E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6212146" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127654596" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6212146" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87DA4C34A511FF2C0CD509D3E30E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87DA4C34A511FF2C0CD509D3E30E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C37965474C34A50BFF2C0CD50A7DE095" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C34A50BFF2C0CD50A87E0FC" blockId="10.[151,472,151,216]" box="[151,472,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D09481A04C34A50BFF2C0CD50A87E0FC" bold="true" box="[151,472,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B917EADE4C34A50BFF2C0CD50A87E0FC" bold="true" box="[151,472,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C34A50BFF2C0CD50A2BE0FC" box="[151,372,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B917EADE4C34A50BFF2C0CD50A2BE0FC" bold="true" box="[151,372,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pristimantis rivasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457A54C34A50BFEC00CD50A87E0FC" box="[379,472,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C34A50BFF2C0CFC0A7DE095" blockId="10.[151,472,151,216]" box="[151,290,190,216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<figureCitation id="13582A494C34A50BFF2C0CFC0A59E095" box="[151,262,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,468,1387]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,465,1387]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. in life, female holotype. Photo by T. R. Barros." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275441/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13582A494C34A50BFEA80CFC0A7DE095" box="[275,290,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. A" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1088,1112]" captionTargetBox="[186,1396,441,1046]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[170,1417,426,1064]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. A: male paratype MHNLS 18459. Photo by T. R. Barros. B: Male paratype in life MHNLS 18860, showing extreme pattern. Photo by P. Velozo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275444/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37965474C34A50BFF2C0D490F9CE3DD" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C34A50BFF2C0D490A48E1D7" blockId="10.[151,1437,267,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B917EADE4C34A50BFF2C0D490A48E168" bold="true" box="[151,279,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<typeStatus id="54D8886E4C34A50BFF2C0D490A4CE168" box="[151,275,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED72AE094C34A50BFE9B0D4E0AD5E16B" box="[288,394,268,294]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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18445, field number WES (Walter Schargel) 3029; an adult female with convoluted oviducts, collected by Walter Schargel, Gilson Rivas and Tito Barros on
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<date id="FFDD100C4C34A50BFBB40D700F8CE101" box="[1039,1235,306,332]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2006-08-11">11 August 2006</date>
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, from Cerro Las Antenas, elevation
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<quantity id="4C9B9B294C34A50BFEC70D1B0A86E13E" box="[380,473,345,371]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1670.0">1670 m</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C34A50BFE5D0D1B0900E13E" box="[486,607,345,371]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="10.333333">10°20’ N-</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C34A50BFDDB0D1B0991E13E" box="[608,718,345,371]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-72.583336">72°35' W</geoCoordinate>
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, Sierra de Perijá, Municipio Rosario de Perijá, estado Zulia,
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<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C34A50BFF2C0DC20A4CE1D7" box="[151,275,384,410]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C34A50BFF7E0DE40F9CE3DD" blockId="10.[151,1437,267,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B917EADE4C34A50BFF7E0DE40A11E18D" bold="true" box="[197,334,422,448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<typeStatus id="54D8886E4C34A50BFF7E0DE40A16E18D" box="[197,329,422,448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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two adult males (
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<collectionCode id="ED72AE094C34A50BFD9F0DE409D1E18D" box="[548,654,422,448]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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18797, 18872) from the summit of Cerro Las Antenas, elevation
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<quantity id="4C9B9B294C34A50BFF2C0D8F0BADE1AA" box="[151,242,461,487]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.933" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1933.0">1933 m</quantity>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C34A50BFF450D8F0AF7E1AA" box="[254,424,461,487]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" value="10.325277">10º19’31.0”N-</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C34A50BFE130D8F090AE1AA" box="[424,597,461,487]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" value="-72.59139">72º35’29.0”W</geoCoordinate>
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||
, Sierra de Perijá, Municipio Rosario de Perijá, estado Zulia,
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<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C34A50BFAA70D8F0EC8E1AA" box="[1308,1431,461,487]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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||
, collected on
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<date id="FFDD100C4C34A50BFE900DB60ABEE243" box="[299,481,500,526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2008-03-26">26 March 2008</date>
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, by F. Rojas-Runjaic and Pablo Velozo; one adult male (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE094C34A50BFBD40DB60F87E243" box="[1135,1240,500,526]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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||
18459) from the path to Antenas Héctor Dario Socorro, elevation
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<quantity id="4C9B9B294C34A50BFD610E580869E279" box="[730,822,538,564]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C34A50BFCF90E5808F2E279" box="[834,941,538,564]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="10.333333">10º20’N-</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C34A50BFC160E580F47E279" box="[941,1048,538,564]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-72.566666">72º34’W</geoCoordinate>
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||
, collected on
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<date id="FFDD100C4C34A50BFB000E580E2CE279" box="[1211,1395,538,564]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2007-03-31">31 March 2007</date>
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, by T. Barros and G. Rivas; four adult males (
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<collectionCode id="ED72AE094C34A50BFD330E0309AEE216" box="[648,753,577,603]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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18835-36,18865-66), from the creek behind the house at Cerro Las Antenas, elevation
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<quantity id="4C9B9B294C34A50BFE440E2A0903E2CF" box="[511,604,616,642]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.449" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1449.0">1449 m</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C34A50BFDD10E2A0849E2CF" box="[618,790,616,642]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" value="10.343611">10º20’37.0”N-</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C34A50BFCAD0E2A089EE2CF" box="[790,961,616,642]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" value="-72.56139">72º33’41.0”W</geoCoordinate>
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,Sierra de Perijá, Municipio Rosario de Perijá, estado Zulia,
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<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C34A50BFE300ECC0959E2E5" box="[395,518,654,680]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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||
, collected on
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<date id="FFDD100C4C34A50BFD110ECC083DE2E5" box="[682,866,654,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2008-03-27">27 March 2008</date>
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||
, by Fernando Rojas-Runjaic and Edwin Infante; one adult male (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE094C34A50BFEE20EF70A9CE282" box="[345,451,693,719]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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||
18860), from the path between the first and second antennas, Cerro Las Antenas, elevation
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<quantity id="4C9B9B294C34A50BFEB00E9E0A36E2BB" box="[267,361,732,758]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1480.0">1480 m</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C34A50BFECE0E9E097FE2BB" box="[373,544,732,758]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" value="10.326166">10º19’34.2”N-</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C34A50BFD9B0E9E0991E2BB" box="[544,718,732,758]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" value="-72.591225">72º35’28.4”W</geoCoordinate>
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||
, Sierra de Perijá, Municipio Rosario de Perijá, estado Zulia,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C34A50BFF2C0F400A47E351" box="[151,280,770,796]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFDD100C4C34A50BFE790F4009DEE351" box="[450,641,770,796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2008-03-27">27 March 2008</date>
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||
, by Pablo Velozo and Paul Granado; three adult males (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE094C34A50BFA8A0F400EC3E351" box="[1329,1436,770,796]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4kc6-e4ia" name="Coleccion de Mastozoologia, Museo de Historia Natural de La Salle" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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||
19010-12), from coffee plantation near Yurumuto (
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C34A50BFC870F6B08CDE30E" box="[828,914,809,835]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yukpa">Yukpa</taxonomicName>
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||
indigenuos village), elevation
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C34A50BFA890F6B0EC7E30E" box="[1330,1432,809,835]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1640.0">1640 m</quantity>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C34A50BFF2C0F120A18E327" box="[151,327,848,874]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" value="9.903083">09º54’11.1”N-</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C34A50BFEFC0F120AA6E327" box="[327,505,848,874]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="1" value="-72.904724">72º54’17.0”W</geoCoordinate>
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||
, Río Tokuko basin, Sierra de Perijá, Municipio Machiques de Perijá, estado Zulia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C34A50BFF580F340A01E3DD" box="[227,350,886,912]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFDD100C4C34A50BFDBB0F3409B9E3DD" box="[512,742,886,912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2008-09-14">14 September 2008</date>
|
||
, by F. Rojas-Runjaic and Pedro Cabello.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37965474C34A50BFF7E0FDF0F88E747" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C34A50BFF7E0FDF094AE622" blockId="10.[151,1437,267,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C34A50BFF7E0FDF0A16E3FA" bold="true" box="[197,329,925,951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C34A50BFEEA0FDF096CE3FB" box="[337,563,925,950]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
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<emphasis id="B917EADE4C34A50BFEEA0FDF096CE3FB" box="[337,563,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pristimantis rivasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a medium sized (males with SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C34A50BFC430FDF0FCAE3FA" box="[1016,1173,925,951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" metricValueMax="3.08" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="27.9" valueMax="30.8" valueMin="25.0">25–30.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, mean=
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C34A50BFB4F0FDF0E3CE3FA" box="[1268,1379,925,951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="27.4">27.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; one female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C34A50BFE940F860ADAE393" box="[303,389,964,990]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
|
||
) member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C34A50BFDF00F8609A9E390" box="[587,758,964,989]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unistrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C34A50BFDF00F8609A9E390" box="[587,758,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. unistrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. (1) Dorsal skin smooth anteriorly, having ill-defined occipital ridges, shagreen posteriorly posteriorly with conspicuous and scattered small granules; ventral skin areolate; (2) tympanum distinct, with a tympanic annulus, 43% of ED; (3) snout subovoid with truncate tip in dorsal view, truncate in profile; canthus rostralis rounded; (4) upper eyelid with small granules; (5) choanae small, round; dentigerous processes of the vomers small, slightly oblique, each with five odontophores; tongue large, cordiform; (6) males with vocal slits, subgular vocal sac, and single white nuptial pads; (7) Finger I shorter than II; (8) fingers with lateral keels; outer pads enlarged; (9) ulnar tubercles absent; (10) tarsal tubercles and calcars absent; (11) two metatarsal tubercles, inner oval, large; outer conical, very small, almost indistinct; (12) toes with well marked lateral keels; webbing basal; toes III, IV and V with relatively broad disks, slightly smaller than those on fingers III and IV; (13) in life dorsal colour creamy brown, with an ill-defined to contrasting X, W and V-shaped marks over pale brown or gray on dorsum; incomplete canthal stripe dark brown to dark olive; supratympanic stripe black; ill-defined to very contrasting transverse bars are present on legs; iris orange bronze with fine black reticulations. In preservative, female dorsal colour bluish brown with no pattern; some small dark grey spots irregularly spread; flanks with a dark brown reticulation on whitish background; cross bars on legs ill-defined; ventral colouration whitish with small irregularly spread dark brown spots, more profuse on throat, with an ill defined mid-gular line, better defined mid-ventrally; lip bars dark brown, ill-defined, more like spots; iris grey with black reticulation; males with a contrasting pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C34A50BFF7E0A3E0F88E747" blockId="10.[151,1437,267,2034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C34A50BFF7E0A3E0AEDE6D8" box="[197,434,1660,1685]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C34A50BFF7E0A3E0AEDE6D8" box="[197,434,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pristimantis rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique among other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C34A50BFD5B0A3E0824E6D8" box="[736,891,1660,1685]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C34A50BFD5B0A3E0824E6D8" box="[736,891,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the northern Andes of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C34A50BFB500A3E0E38E6DB" box="[1259,1383,1660,1686]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C34A50BFF2C0AE10A50E6F0" box="[151,271,1699,1725]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the following combination of characters: tympanum with a distinct tympanic annulus, absence of calcars, all tubercles on hands and feet distinct and protuberant, except outer metatarsal tubercle, preserved dorsal skin smooth, fringes on fingers and toes; basal webbing on feet; cranial crests present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37965474C34A50AFF7E0B550F5FE41F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C34A50AFF7E0B550F5FE41F" blockId="10.[151,1437,267,2034]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C34A50BFF7E0B550AC1E77D" box="[197,414,1815,1840]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C34A50BFF7E0B550AC1E77D" box="[197,414,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pristimantis rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(characters in parentheses) is here compared with cloud forest, subparamo and paramo inhabitants from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C34A50BFEE60B7F0A89E71A" box="[349,470,1853,1879]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and nearby
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C34A50BFDDF0B7F0983E71A" box="[612,732,1853,1879]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The only two paramo dwellers in Perijá are known from the Colombian side.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C34A50BFEE60B26090AE730" box="[349,597,1892,1917]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuentasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C34A50BFEE60B26090AE730" box="[349,597,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pristimantis cuentasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by its flat tubercles on dorsal skin and dorsolateral folds (absent), rounded dorsal profile (truncate), no cranial crests (present), and fingers without distinct disks (large).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C34A50BFF490BF30AB7E787" box="[242,488,1969,1994]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reclusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C34A50BFF490BF30AB7E787" box="[242,488,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pristimantis reclusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has flat tubercles on dorsum (absent), no cranial crests (present), disks on fingers slightly expanded (very expanded), and a row of low ulnar tubercles (absent). Other species from the Sierra Nevada de Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C35A50AFECF0CDA0AE0E0FF" box="[372,447,152,178]" name="Malta" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C35A50AFE510CDA093AE0FF" box="[490,613,152,178]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
can be easily separated by not having cranial crests (present):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFA3E0CDA0A4BE095" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmelitae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFA3E0CDA0A4BE095" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. carmelitae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFE980CFD08FDE095" box="[291,930,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFE980CFD0AE9E095" box="[291,438,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignitus">P. insignitus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFE790CFD090DE095" box="[450,594,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalops">P. megalops</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFDE40CFD0840E095" box="[607,799,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanctamartae">P. sanctamartae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFC900CFD08FDE095" authority="Lynch & Ruiz Carranza, 1985" authorityName="Lynch & Ruiz Carranza" authorityYear="1985" box="[811,930,191,216]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tayrona">P. tayrona</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B3D4C35A50AFC090CFC0E46E095" author="Lynch" box="[946,1305,190,216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Ruiz Carranza, P. M. (1985) A synopsis of the frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 711, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1985">Lynch & Ruíz Carranza, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFADA0CFD0BB2E0B3" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. w - nigrum</emphasis>
|
||
(Boettger, 1892). The following three species share with
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFC1A0CA70F5FE0B3" box="[929,1024,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. r i v a s i</emphasis>
|
||
the presence of cranial crests, but can be differentiated by additional characters.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFD680D4E0E34E16B" authority="Lynch & Ruiz Carranza, 1985" authorityName="Lynch & Ruiz Carranza" authorityYear="1985" box="[723,1387,268,294]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFD680D4E0883E168" box="[723,988,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis cristinae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B3D4C35A50AFC560D4E0E3DE16B" author="Lynch" box="[1005,1378,268,294]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Ruiz Carranza, P. M. (1985) A synopsis of the frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 711, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1985">Lynch & Ruíz Carranza, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dorsolateral folds reaching the sacrum (absent), a rounded dorsal snout profile (truncate), one tubercle on each eyelid (absent), and tubercles on heel and outer edge of tarsus (absent).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFBB50D1B0BBDE1D7" authority="Ruthven, 1917" authorityName="Ruthven" authorityYear="1917" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFBB50D1B0E45E13F" box="[1038,1306,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis delicatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Ruthven, 1917)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has a middorsal raphe (absent), a rounded dorsal snout profile (truncate), one prominent conical tubercle on eyelid (absent), and toe disks that are small and barely expanded (large, expanded).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFAB70DE509D0E1AA" authority="Lynch & Ruiz Carranza, 1985" authorityName="Lynch & Ruiz Carranza" authorityYear="1985" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruthveni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFAB70DE50BA2E1AB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis ruthveni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B3D4C35A50AFEB60D8F09D9E1AA" author="Lynch" box="[269,646,461,487]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Ruiz Carranza, P. M. (1985) A synopsis of the frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 711, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1985">Lynch & Ruíz Carranza, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has a middorsal raphe and paravertebral and dorsolateral folds (absent), a rounded dorsal snout profile (truncate), and disks on fingers and toes not as enlarged and expanded as in
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFF6E0E580A6FE27E" box="[213,304,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. r i v a s i</emphasis>
|
||
. The following three species are known from the Cordillera Oriental de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C35A50AFB3E0E580FA3E279" box="[1157,1276,538,564]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and also live in or near the Venezuelan paramo de Tamá.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFD2F0E030F62E216" authority="Lynch, 1994" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1994" box="[660,1085,577,603]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nervicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFD2F0E0308D1E217" box="[660,910,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis nervicus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B3D4C35A50AFC260E030F6BE216" author="Lynch" box="[925,1076,577,603]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1994) A new species of high altitude frog (Eleutherodactylus: Leptodactylidae) from the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, 19, 195 - 203." type="journal article" year="1994">Lynch, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has small digital disks (large, expanded), skin with warts (absent), no cranial crests (present);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFC2D0E2A0E1DE2CF" authority="Cochran & Goin, 1970" authorityName="Cochran & Goin" authorityYear="1970" box="[918,1346,616,642]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicefori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFC2D0E2A0F4FE2CC" box="[918,1040,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. nicefori</emphasis>
|
||
(Cochran & Goin, 1970)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has no enlarged finger disks (present, large) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B3D4C35A50AFDDC0ECC09A0E2E5" author="Lynch" box="[615,767,654,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1994) A new species of high altitude frog (Eleutherodactylus: Leptodactylidae) from the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, 19, 195 - 203." type="journal article" year="1994">Lynch 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFCAF0ECD0F95E2E5" authority="Lynch, 1983" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="1983" box="[788,1226,654,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anolirex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFCAF0ECD0F4AE2E5" box="[788,1045,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis anolirex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B3D4C35A50AFB9D0ECC0F9EE2E5" author="Lynch" box="[1062,1217,654,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1983) A new leptodactylid frog from the Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Advances in Herpetology, Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology Cambridge, Massachussets, 52 - 57." type="book chapter" year="1983">Lynch, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has flat warts on dorsum (absent), dorsolateral folds (absent), a rounded dorsal snout profile (truncate), and possess both ulnar tubercles and a calcar (absent) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B3D4C35A50AFDB60E9E09FFE2BB" author="Lynch" box="[525,672,732,758]" pageId="11" pageNumber="18" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1983) A new leptodactylid frog from the Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Advances in Herpetology, Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology Cambridge, Massachussets, 52 - 57." type="book chapter" year="1983">Lynch 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFD0E0E9E08EDE2B8" box="[693,946,732,757]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="douglasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFD0E0E9E08EDE2B8" box="[693,946,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis douglasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFB1B0E9E0FADE2B8" box="[1184,1266,732,757]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galdi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFB1B0E9E0FADE2B8" box="[1184,1266,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P.galdi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFF1A0F400A14E356" box="[161,331,770,795]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unistrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFF1A0F400A14E356" box="[161,331,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. unistrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group), with an acuminate dorsal view of the snout (subacuminate with truncate tip), ulnar and tarsal tubercles present (absent), inner tarsal fold (absent), short dorsolateral folds (absent), toe V slightly longer than III, surpassing penultimate tubercle on TIV (much longer, reaching anterior edge of distal subarticular tubercle on TIV), a labial white stripe (absent), usually a narrow white vertebral stripe (absent in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D8886E4C35A50AFF790FDF0BABE3FA" box="[194,244,925,951]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFEDD0FDF0A98E3FB" box="[358,455,925,950]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFEDD0FDF0A98E3FB" box="[358,455,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), cream lines on canthus, eyelids and back of scapula (absent),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFB080FDF0EDEE3FB" box="[1203,1409,925,950]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turik">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFB080FDF0EDEE3FB" box="[1203,1409,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pristimantis turik</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only other species of the genus with cranial crests inhabiting the Sierra de Perijá. It has a Toe V slightly longer than III, thus not falling in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C35A50AFDE90FA80981E44E" box="[594,734,1002,1027]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unistrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFDE90FA80981E44E" box="[594,734,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">unistrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (Toe V considerably longer than III, with the disk on Toe V reaching the anterior edge of the distal subarticular tubercle of Toe IV); a small tympanum, 1/3 of the ED (1/2); and lacks supernumerary tubercles on palms and soles (present).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37965474C35A50EFF7E081C0F87E63D" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C35A50AFF7E081C0B93E5E3" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C35A50AFF7E081C097EE435" bold="true" box="[197,545,1118,1144]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D8886E4C35A50AFE15081C0943E435" box="[430,540,1118,1144]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D8886E4C35A50AFD0D081C0842E435" box="[694,797,1118,1144]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C35A50AFCEF081C08F7E435" box="[852,936,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
|
||
of SVL (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C35A50AFBA3081C0F3EE435" box="[1048,1121,1118,1144]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,468,1387]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,465,1387]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. in life, female holotype. Photo by T. R. Barros." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275441/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head roughly as wide as long: head width 41.4% of SVL. Snout subovoid in dorsal view with the tip truncate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C35A50AFBC008C70F8FE4D2" box="[1147,1232,1157,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A" captionStartId="13.[151,256,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,620,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[171,1415,581,1980]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. A: Dorsal and B: Lateral view of the head of the holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 5 mm. C: Frontoparietal crests apparent on female holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275442/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
|
||
), round in profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C35A50AFF2408EE0BB8E48B" box="[159,231,1196,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A" captionStartId="13.[151,256,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,620,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[171,1415,581,1980]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. A: Dorsal and B: Lateral view of the head of the holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 5 mm. C: Frontoparietal crests apparent on female holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275442/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
b); EN longer than ED; nostrils not protuberant, directed dorsolaterally; canthus rostralis rounded and distinct, loreal region slightly concave. Upper eyelid with small granules. Cranial crests present, low, along postero-exterior half of the frontoparietals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C35A50AFD0608BB0855E55E" box="[701,778,1273,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A" captionStartId="13.[151,256,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[186,1395,620,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[171,1415,581,1980]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. A: Dorsal and B: Lateral view of the head of the holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 5 mm. C: Frontoparietal crests apparent on female holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275442/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Tympanum distinct, 43% of ED, surrounded by a tympanic annulus, with a supratympanic fold hiding little less than half of its posterodorsal section. Choanae small, rounded, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; vomerine dentigerous processes small, slightly oblique, bearing 5 teeth each, posterior and medial to choanae. Tongue cordiform, posterior one third free.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C35A50AFF7E09F90973E622" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Dorsal skin smooth anteriorly, shagreen posteriorly in preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D8886E4C35A50AFC4509F90F33E598" box="[1022,1132,1467,1493]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C35A50AFBC609F90F8DE598" box="[1149,1234,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 8. A" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[202,1404,229,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[173,1415,194,1536]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. A: Dorsal and B: Ventral view of the female holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 5 mm. C: Palmar view of the right hand and D: Plantar view of the right feet of the holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275443/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 8a</figureCitation>
|
||
), with scattered tubercles and two tubercles at mid level of the nasals only notable in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C35A50AFBBD09A30F10E5B6" box="[1030,1103,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,468,1387]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,465,1387]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. in life, female holotype. Photo by T. R. Barros." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275441/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); some small post tympanic tubercles also present (seen only in life); ill-defined occipital ridges; middorsal raphe absent; dorsolateral folds absent. Ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C35A50AFE010A6C0AA4E605" box="[442,507,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 8. A" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[202,1404,229,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[173,1415,194,1536]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. A: Dorsal and B: Ventral view of the female holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 5 mm. C: Palmar view of the right hand and D: Plantar view of the right feet of the holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275443/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
b), throat and chest smooth, belly and inferior part of thighs areolate. Ulnar, tarsal tubercles and calcars absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C35A50AFF7E0A3E08A7E7E8" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Relative length of adpressed fingers III>IV>II>I; first finger reaching first third of disk on finger II. Finger disks much broader than long, disk on finger III of right hand three times wider than adjacent phalanx; truncate except on Finger II of left hand, which looks smaller; disk on thumb distinctly expanded but smaller than those on the other fingers. Finger II disk on right hand double wide than adjacent phalanx; Finger II disk on left hand only 1.3 times wider than adjacent phalanx. Single white nuptial pads on thumbs. Lateral fringes along all fingers, weaker on thumb; giving the appearance of ill-developed basal webbing. Palmar and thenar tubercles distinct, bifid and larger the first, ovoid the last. Subarticular tubercles protuberant, single, round. Supernumerary tubercles protuberant, in rows under each finger (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C35A50AFC2E0BC90884E7E8" box="[917,987,1931,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 8. A" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[202,1404,229,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[173,1415,194,1536]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. A: Dorsal and B: Ventral view of the female holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 5 mm. C: Palmar view of the right hand and D: Plantar view of the right feet of the holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275443/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C35A50AFF7E0BF30EC2E7BF" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374765C4C35A50AFF7E0BF30A5FE786" box="[197,256,1969,1995]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limbs relatively short; shank 53.6% of SVL. Relative lengths of appressed toes IV>V>III>II>I. IV toe disk slightly smaller than III finger disk. Toes with prominent lateral fringes; toes with basal webbing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C32A50DFF2C0CDA0ED2E095" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Disks wider than long, wider than phalanges, truncate. Inner metatarsal tubercle large, oval; outer almost indistinct, conical; subarticular tubercles protuberant, single, round; supernumerary tubercles small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C32A50DFA950CFC0E31E095" box="[1326,1390,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 8. A" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[202,1404,229,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[173,1415,194,1536]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. A: Dorsal and B: Ventral view of the female holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 5 mm. C: Palmar view of the right hand and D: Plantar view of the right feet of the holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275443/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C32A50DFF7E0CA70A8EE1D7" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C32A50DFF7E0CA70A35E0B2" bold="true" box="[197,362,229,255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colour in life</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C32A50DFEC10CA70AE2E0B2" box="[378,445,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1411,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,468,1387]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,465,1387]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. in life, female holotype. Photo by T. R. Barros." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275441/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig.6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal colour is creamy brown, with an ill-defined black interorbital bar. There is a poorly defined X-shaped pattern over pale brown on the dorsum. The canthal stripe is black and cut in two on both sides; the supratympanic stripe is black. Ill-defined pale brown transverse bars are present on the legs. The iris is a bronze orange with fine black reticulations. Gilson Rivas noted that the undersides of the legs were red (GR, field notes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1C66444C32A50DFF2C09C10F61E5D7" box="[151,1086,1411,1435]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275441/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[151,1434,468,1387]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C32A50DFF2C09C10F61E5D7" blockId="12.[151,1086,1411,1435]" box="[151,1086,1411,1435]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C32A50DFF2C09C10A45E5D6" bold="true" box="[151,282,1411,1435]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C32A50DFE9B09C10AB9E5D7" box="[288,486,1411,1434]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C32A50DFE9B09C10AB9E5D7" box="[288,486,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pristimantis rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457A54C32A50DFE5709C1091EE5D6" box="[492,577,1411,1435]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C32A50DFE5709C1091EE5D6" bold="true" box="[492,577,1411,1435]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in life, female holotype. Photo by T. R. Barros.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C32A50DFF7E098E0908E751" blockId="12.[151,1437,1484,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C32A50DFF7E098E0ABEE5AB" bold="true" box="[197,481,1484,1510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Colour in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal colour pattern bluish brown, with irregular darker spots spread, without any particular pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C32A50DFE1B09B10AAAE640" box="[416,501,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIGURE 8. A" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[202,1404,229,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[173,1415,194,1536]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. A: Dorsal and B: Ventral view of the female holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 5 mm. C: Palmar view of the right hand and D: Plantar view of the right feet of the holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275443/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
|
||
). A narrow interorbital bar is almost indistinct. There are two symmetrical spots anterior to each eye, the superior one apparently forming part of a poorly defined canthal stripe, and an inferior one similar to a lip bar. Tympanic membrane dark brown; tympanic annulus bluish grey; supratympanic fold black. Three transversal bars on shanks ill-defined. Posterior part of flanks, inguinal region, and hidden surfaces of posterior extremities with a black reticulation on whitish background. Ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C32A50DFF240AF70B81E682" box="[159,222,1717,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 8. A" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1560,1584]" captionTargetBox="[202,1404,229,1514]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[173,1415,194,1536]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. A: Dorsal and B: Ventral view of the female holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 5 mm. C: Palmar view of the right hand and D: Plantar view of the right feet of the holotype of Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. Scale equal to 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275443/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
b), throat and chest dirty white with a profusion of small dark brown spots, more evident on the edges; belly whitish with less profusion of dark brown spots; a mid gular and mid ventral line is evident especially on belly. Iris grey with black reticulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C32A50DFF7E0B6A0868E724" blockId="12.[151,1437,1484,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C32A50DFF7E0B6A09D3E70F" bold="true" box="[197,652,1832,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D8886E4C32A50DFE1C0B6A094BE70F" box="[423,532,1832,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in mm):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL: 41; ShL 22; HeL: 17; HW: 17.1; InD: 3.3; EN: 7; ED: 5.1; TD: 2.2; ETS: 8.3; FD: 2.4; T4D: 2.2; 1FiL: 7; 2FiL: 7.6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C32A50CFF7E0B3408F8E279" blockId="12.[151,1437,1484,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,564]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C32A50DFF7E0B340A16E7DD" bold="true" box="[197,329,1910,1936]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
Eight male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D8886E4C32A50DFE5B0B34090AE7DD" box="[480,597,1910,1936]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
have subgular sac, well-developed vocal slits, and ill defined single white nuptial pads. Their size is smaller (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C32A50DFD7F0BDF0801E7FA" box="[708,862,1949,1975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" metricValueMax="3.08" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="27.9" valueMax="30.8" valueMin="25.0">25–30.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, mean=
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C32A50DFC780BDF0F6FE7FA" box="[963,1072,1949,1975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="27.4">27.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n = 8) than the only available female. The shape of the snout seen from above vary from truncate (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D8886E4C32A50DFC0C0B810F7DE790" box="[951,1058,1987,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, MHNLS 18459, 18836, 18865, 18872) to subovoid (MHNLS 18797, 18860, 18866). The disk on fingers III and IV can be oval, round, or heart-shaped, although not notched. Dorsal pattern of males is much more contrasting (Appendix III top), usually consisting of an occipital W mark, an inverted and discontinuous V formed by dark brown spots, diagonal dark bars on flanks, and transverse vertical bars on hind limbs (from the less contrasting to the most MHNLS 18866, 18835, 18836, 18459, 18860, 18797, 18872 and 18865). Ventrally (Appendix III bottom) all are whitish, with a profusion of melanophores on the throat (from the less contrasting to the most MHNLS 18865, 18860, 18872, 18866, 18835, 18836, 18459 and 18797). The colour in life of MHNLS 18459 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C33A50CFAFD0DC20ECCE1D7" box="[1350,1427,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. A" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1088,1112]" captionTargetBox="[186,1396,441,1046]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[170,1417,426,1064]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. A: male paratype MHNLS 18459. Photo by T. R. Barros. B: Male paratype in life MHNLS 18860, showing extreme pattern. Photo by P. Velozo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275444/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig 9a</figureCitation>
|
||
) was dorsally light brown with the W and inverted V made by black spots; other marks were dark reddish brown, and forearm and hind limbs transverse bars were dark brown. A more contrasting individual (MHNLS 18860;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C33A50CFF4F0DB60A63E243" box="[244,316,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. A" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1088,1112]" captionTargetBox="[186,1396,441,1046]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[170,1417,426,1064]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. A: male paratype MHNLS 18459. Photo by T. R. Barros. B: Male paratype in life MHNLS 18860, showing extreme pattern. Photo by P. Velozo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275444/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
b) was whitish dorsally with the same but much defined greenish marks. The iris was in all individuals constantly golden orange with a fine black reticulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1C66444C33A50CFF2C0BF40859E7BD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275442/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[186,1395,620,1940]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C33A50CFF2C0BF40859E7BD" blockId="13.[151,1435,1974,2032]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C33A50CFF2C0BF40A43E783" bold="true" box="[151,284,1974,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
A: Dorsal and B: Lateral view of the head of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C33A50CFC040BF50FD6E783" box="[959,1161,1975,1998]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C33A50CFC040BF50FD6E783" box="[959,1161,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pristimantis rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457A54C33A50CFB2B0BF40FB8E783" box="[1168,1255,1974,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C33A50CFB2B0BF40FB8E783" bold="true" box="[1168,1255,1974,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Scale equal to 5 mm. C: Frontoparietal crests apparent on female holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1C66444C30A50FFF2C0A5A0A67E638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275443/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[202,1404,229,1514]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C30A50FFF2C0A5A0A67E638" blockId="14.[151,1436,1560,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFF2C0A5A0A46E67D" bold="true" box="[151,281,1560,1584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
A: Dorsal and B: Ventral view of the female holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C30A50FFCC30A5B0F62E67D" box="[888,1085,1561,1584]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFCC30A5B0F62E67D" box="[888,1085,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pristimantis rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457A54C30A50FFBF80A5A0FC7E67D" box="[1091,1176,1560,1584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFBF80A5A0FC7E67D" bold="true" box="[1091,1176,1560,1584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Scale equal to 5 mm. C: Palmar view of the right hand and D: Plantar view of the right feet of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C30A50FFB8D0A790FA2E61F" box="[1078,1277,1595,1618]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFB8D0A790FA2E61F" box="[1078,1277,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pristimantis rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457A54C30A50FFABF0A790E04E61E" box="[1284,1371,1595,1619]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFABF0A790E04E61E" bold="true" box="[1284,1371,1595,1619]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Scale equal to 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C30A50FFF7E0AE50EC6E782" blockId="14.[151,1436,1703,2000]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFF7E0AE50AD0E68C" bold="true" box="[197,399,1703,1729]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C30A50FFE230AE5092DE68D" box="[408,626,1703,1728]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFE230AE5092DE68D" box="[408,626,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pristimantis rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from two localities: Cerro Las Antenas, between
|
||
<date id="FFDD100C4C30A50FFA940AE50B8DE6A5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1438" valueMax="1945">
|
||
1438 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C30A50FFF2C0A8C0B8DE6A5" box="[151,210,1742,1768]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9449999999999998" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1945.0">1945</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
m, and the Río Tokuko basin, between
|
||
<date id="FFDD100C4C30A50FFD170A8C0803E6A5" box="[684,860,1742,1768]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1389" valueMax="1640">
|
||
1389 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C30A50FFC9A0A8C0803E6A5" box="[801,860,1742,1768]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1640.0">1640</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
m. At each locality, the species was collected at three different sites (see Distribution). One of the sites at Cerro Las Antenas corresponds to a section of a narrow rocky creek at
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C30A50FFE270B590AAAE778" box="[412,501,1819,1845]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1450.0">1450 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation, surrounded by a dense primary cloud forest. Here
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C30A50FFB060B590E43E779" box="[1213,1308,1819,1844]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFB060B590E43E779" box="[1213,1308,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C30A50FFEDF0B0009D0E716" box="[356,655,1858,1883]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Cryptobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="remotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFEDF0B0009D0E716" box="[356,655,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cryptobatrachus remotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C30A50FFD260B00086FE716" box="[669,816,1858,1883]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFD260B00086FE716" box="[669,816,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cochranella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C30A50FFCDD0B000FFAE716" box="[870,1189,1858,1883]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tatayoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFCDD0B000FFAE716" box="[870,1189,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hyalinobatrachium tatayoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C30A50FFB660B000A3CE7CE" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFB660B000EC4E716" box="[1245,1435,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Rhinella marina</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. During
|
||
<date id="FFDD100C4C30A50FFE730B2B0908E7CE" box="[456,599,1897,1923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="2008-03">March 2008</date>
|
||
(end of the dry season), several individuals were observed on leaves of bushes and palms, from the forest litter level to four meters over the ground. The second site at Cerro Las Antenas is a section of a dirt road surrounded by cloud forest between
|
||
<date id="FFDD100C4C30A50FFC5A0BF40FCDE79D" box="[993,1170,1974,2000]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1548" valueMax="1620">
|
||
1548 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C30A50FFBEC0BF40FCDE79D" box="[1111,1170,1974,2000]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1620.0">1620</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
m in elevation, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C30A50FFA3D0BF40EC6E782" box="[1414,1433,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C31A50EFF2C0CDA0991E13E" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,371]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFF2C0CDA0B83E0FC" box="[151,220,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFF2C0CDA0B83E0FC" box="[151,220,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFDF90CDA09F6E0FC" box="[578,681,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yukpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFDF90CDA09F6E0FC" box="[578,681,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. yukpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFD020CDA0FA6E0FF" authority="Wied-Neuwied, 1824" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityYear="1824" box="[697,1273,152,178]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crepitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFD020CDA0867E0FC" box="[697,824,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hypsiboas</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFCD20CDA0886E0FC" box="[873,985,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">crepitans</emphasis>
|
||
(Wied-Neuwied, 1824)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFA8E0CDA0BB3E095" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFA8E0CDA0BB3E095" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rhinella marina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The last site at Cerro Las Antenas is a secondary and short forest at the summit of Cerro Las Antenas, at an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C31A50EFE380CA70AB8E0B2" box="[387,487,229,255]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.933" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1933.0">1933 m</quantity>
|
||
, with dominant tree ferns, abundant vines and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFBF00CA70F9EE0B3" box="[1099,1217,229,254]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFBF00CA70F9EE0B3" box="[1099,1217,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cecropia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In this last site,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFF2C0D4E0A2FE168" box="[151,368,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFF2C0D4E0A2FE168" box="[151,368,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pristimantis rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFD7E0D4E0830E168" box="[709,879,268,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lassoalcalai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFD7E0D4E0830E168" box="[709,879,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. lassoalcalai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457A54C31A50EFCCC0D49088BE168" box="[887,980,267,293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFCCC0D49088BE168" bold="true" box="[887,980,267,293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D8886E4C31A50EFBAB0D4E0F28E16B" box="[1040,1143,268,294]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected in this last locality, after a heavy but short rain. Male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D8886E4C31A50EFD3C0D7009A8E101" box="[647,759,306,332]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were calling from bush leaves on the talus of the road, on leaves, tree branches, shrubs and bamboo sticks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1C66444C31A50EFF2C08020943E437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275444/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[186,1396,441,1046]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C31A50EFF2C08020943E437" blockId="15.[151,1435,1088,1146]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFF2C08020A45E415" bold="true" box="[151,282,1088,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
A: male paratype MHNLS 18459. Photo by T. R. Barros. B: Male paratype in life MHNLS 18860, showing extreme pattern. Photo by P. Velozo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C31A50EFF7E08EE0F1BE52C" blockId="15.[151,1437,1196,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
During
|
||
<date id="FFDD100C4C31A50EFE9808EE0977E48B" box="[291,552,1196,1222]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2008-03" valueMax="2008-07-31" valueMin="2008-03-00">March and July 2008</date>
|
||
, many males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFD4A08EF080AE48B" box="[753,853,1197,1222]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFD4A08EF080AE48B" box="[753,853,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were vocalizing intensely in choruses, between
|
||
<date id="FFDD100C4C31A50EFF2C08910A18E4A0" box="[151,327,1235,1261]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1800" valueMax="2000">1800 and 2000</date>
|
||
h., some from short plants and higher bushes and other hidden in the forest litter; afterwards, some males called sporadically to 0 130 h. The vocalization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFCCE08B8088AE55E" box="[885,981,1274,1299]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFCCE08B8088AE55E" box="[885,981,1274,1299]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a series of clicks similar of what we could produce with the tongue against the palate. Onomatopoeically those notes can be described as “cloc, cloc, cloc,” emitted in series from a few to many, lasting for at most one minute.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C31A50EFF7E092C0F87E63D" blockId="15.[151,1437,1196,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
During the
|
||
<date id="FFDD100C4C31A50EFEEB092C094AE5C5" box="[336,533,1390,1416]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2008-09">September 2008</date>
|
||
expedition to the Río Tokuko basin, many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFB9F092C0FD8E5CA" box="[1060,1159,1390,1415]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFB9F092C0FD8E5CA" box="[1060,1159,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were heard vocalizing actively and also in choruses after a short rain about 2030h in a shadow coffee field.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFB3009D70E36E5E3" box="[1163,1385,1429,1454]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yukpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFB3009D70E36E5E3" box="[1163,1385,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pristimantis yukpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and another new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFE1C09F90969E599" box="[423,566,1467,1492]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFE1C09F90969E599" box="[423,566,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(F. Rojas.Runjaic
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFCB509F9081EE599" box="[782,833,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. unpubl.) were sympatric at that site. We confirmed the presence of
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFEEA09A00AF2E5B6" box="[337,429,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. r i v a s i</emphasis>
|
||
in two more places of this same basin: surroundings of the Yupka indigenous village named Pishikakao at an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C31A50EFDDA0A4B099DE66E" box="[609,706,1545,1571]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.603" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1603.0">1603 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C31A50EFD740A4B08DAE66E" box="[719,901,1545,1571]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="9.907888">09º54’28.4”N-</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C31A50EFC3E0A4B0F67E66E" box="[901,1080,1545,1571]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="-72.91647">72º54’59.3”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; and around the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFAF50A4B0EC3E66E" box="[1358,1436,1545,1571]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yukpa">Yukpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
village called Yurumuto, at
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C31A50EFE590A6D091FE604" box="[482,576,1583,1609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.389" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1389.0">1389 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C31A50EFDF70A6D09A5E604" box="[588,762,1583,1609]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="9.897555">09º53’51.2”N-</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE57500B4C31A50EFD410A6D08F6E604" box="[762,937,1583,1609]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" value="-72.90178">72º54’06.4”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; there we only could heard the distinctive call of the species around 1830h. In both last localities
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFCA70A140823E622" box="[796,892,1622,1647]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFCA70A140823E622" box="[796,892,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was sympatric with
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFBD50A140F92E622" box="[1134,1229,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. y u k p a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37965474C31A50EFF7E0A3E0928E6A9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C31A50EFF7E0A3E0928E6A9" blockId="15.[151,1437,1196,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFF7E0A3E0A05E6DB" bold="true" box="[197,346,1660,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The name of this species is a patronym for Gilson Rivas Fuenmayor, one of the original collectors of the new species, a good friend and enthusiastic Venezuelan herpetologist, for his many contributions to Venezuelan herpetology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37965474C31A511FF7E0AB20F71E095" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C31A511FF7E0AB20F71E095" blockId="15.[151,1437,1196,2035]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,152,835]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C31A50EFF7E0AB20A37E747" bold="true" box="[197,360,1776,1802]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C31A50EFECC0AB30AE8E746" box="[375,439,1777,1803]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,467,1803]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map of NW Venezuela, showing major physiographic elements: Maracaibo Lake, Sierra de Perijá to the west, and Cordillera de Mérida to the south east. Type locality and known distribution of Pristimantis lassoalcalai sp. nov. is shown by a white rhomb. Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. distribution is shown by white circles; that to the north correspond to the type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275440/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) The species is known from six sites in two localities: 1—creek behind the house of Cerro Las Antenas, 2—section of the path between the first and second antennas (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D8886E4C31A50EFB3D0B550FE3E77C" box="[1158,1212,1815,1841]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality), and 3— second antenna, in the summit of Cerro Las Antenas, Municipio Rosario de Perijá (these three sites are comprehended in a lineal transect of
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C31A50EFDCC0B26098FE733" box="[631,720,1892,1918]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="6.2">6.2 km</quantity>
|
||
and appear as a single circle on the map of
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C31A50EFAB50B260E0BE733" box="[1294,1364,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,467,1803]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map of NW Venezuela, showing major physiographic elements: Maracaibo Lake, Sierra de Perijá to the west, and Cordillera de Mérida to the south east. Type locality and known distribution of Pristimantis lassoalcalai sp. nov. is shown by a white rhomb. Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. distribution is shown by white circles; that to the north correspond to the type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275440/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig 5</figureCitation>
|
||
); 4— surroundings of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFE2C0BC90AB8E7E8" box="[407,487,1931,1957]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yukpa">Yukpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
village Yurumuto, 5—the hill between Yurumuto and Pishikakao, and 6— surroundings of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C31A50EFE320BF00A8AE781" box="[393,469,1970,1996]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yukpa">Yukpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
village Pishikakao, in the río Tukuko basin, Municipio Machiques de Perijá (all three sites are in within
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C31A50EFE080B9B0AB0E7BE" box="[435,495,2009,2035]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
and appear as a single circle on the map of
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A494C31A50EFC430B9B0F67E7BE" box="[1016,1080,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,467,1803]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map of NW Venezuela, showing major physiographic elements: Maracaibo Lake, Sierra de Perijá to the west, and Cordillera de Mérida to the south east. Type locality and known distribution of Pristimantis lassoalcalai sp. nov. is shown by a white rhomb. Pristimantis rivasi sp. nov. distribution is shown by white circles; that to the north correspond to the type locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275440/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The northernmost locality is separated from the southernmost by an air distance of ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C2EA511FC840CDA08D2E0FF" box="[831,909,152,178]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="62.0">62 km</quantity>
|
||
; the elevational range is from
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C2EA511FB490CDA0EC7E0FF" box="[1266,1432,152,178]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6855" metricValueMax="1.933" metricValueMin="1.438" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1685.5" valueMax="1933.0" valueMin="1438.0">1438–1933 m</quantity>
|
||
. It is expected to occur throughout similar environments in the Sierra de Perijá.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37965474C2EA511FF7E0CA708C2E282" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C2EA511FF7E0CA70F1DE13E" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,835]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C2EA511FF7E0CA70A14E0B2" bold="true" box="[197,331,229,255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comment:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C2EA511FEE80CA70970E0B3" box="[339,559,229,254]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C2EA511FEE80CA70970E0B3" box="[339,559,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pristimantis rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clearly a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C2EA511FCCC0CA70F5BE0B3" box="[887,1028,229,254]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unistrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C2EA511FCCC0CA70F5BE0B3" box="[887,1028,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">unistrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B3D4C2EA511FB190CA70BBAE16B" author="Lynch" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) in Western Ecuador: Systematics, Ecology and Biogeography. University of Kansas Natural History Museum, Special Publications, 23, 236 p." type="book" year="1997">Lynch and Duellman (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B3D4C2EA511FEA50D4E094EE16B" box="[286,529,268,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008) New world direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana). Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C2EA511FEC50D4E0AE6E168" box="[382,441,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as it has areolate belly skin, Finger I shorter than II, and Toe V considerably longer than III, with the disk on Toe V reaching the anterior edge of the distal subarticular tubercle of Toe IV. However, as noted before, this group is phenetic, and must be tested genetically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C2EA511FF7D0D3D08C2E282" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,835]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C2EA511FF7D0D3D0A67E1D4" bold="true" box="[198,312,383,409]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The area where the two species described here reside is in permanent danger of habitat loss. In addition to the activities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C2EA511FE660DE40977E18D" box="[477,552,422,448]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yukpa">Yukpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
indigenous people, there exist persistent deforestation activities by
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C2EA511FAF60DE50EC4E18D" box="[1357,1435,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">criollo</emphasis>
|
||
inhabitants, who cultivate
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C2EA511FE770D8F096CE1AB" box="[460,563,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">malanga</emphasis>
|
||
using a highly destructive procedure. Only the southernmost locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C2EA511FA3D0D8F0B83E240" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C2EA511FA3D0D8F0B83E240" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. rivasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lies inside the Parque Nacional Sierra de Perijá. Cerro Las Antenas is unprotected. Despite we have punctually explored other areas of the Sierra, the two new species have been observed in only two localities. Although nothing is known about the population status of these two new species, or the real distribution, we recommend listing these species under category VU D2 of the IUCN (vulnerable with very small distributional area of
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B9B294C2EA511FE2F0ECC0A80E2E5" box="[404,479,654,680]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
² or 5 localities), following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B3D4C2EA511FC980ECC0F5AE2E5" box="[803,1029,654,680]" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" refString="Stuart, S. N., Hoffman, M., Chanson, J., Cox, N., Berridge, R., Ramani, P. & Young, B. (Eds.) (2008) Threatened Amphibians of the World. Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain; IUCN, Gland. Switzerland; Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, U. S. A." type="book">
|
||
Stuart
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C2EA511FCCA0ECD08F3E2E5" box="[881,940,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, due to its apparent very restricted distribution and the dangers that the area is facing (named above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37965474C2EA511FF7E0E9E09D3E30E" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36CC4C2EA511FF7E0E9E09D3E30E" blockId="16.[151,1437,152,835]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D4F4C2EA511FF410E9E0AD6E2B8" box="[250,393,732,757]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C2EA511FF410E9E0AD6E2B8" box="[250,393,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fauna of Perijá must be rich, as revealed by recent work (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B3D4C2EA511FB950E9E0FE0E2BB" author="Lynch" box="[1070,1215,732,758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="18" refString="Lynch, J. D. (2003) Two new frogs (Eleutherodactylus) from the Serrania de Perija, Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, 27, 613 - 617." type="journal article" year="2003">Lynch 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B3D4C2EA511FB700E9E0A5CE351" author="Barrio-Amoros" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Barrio-Amoros, C. L., Rojas-Runjaic, F. & Infante-Rivero, E. (2007) Tres nuevos Pristimantis (Anura: Leptodactylidae) de la Sierra de Perija, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Revista Espanola de Herpetologia 21, 71 - 94." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Barrio-Amorós
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EADE4C2EA511FA3C0E9E0BE7E356" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but exploring the area is a dangerous activity due to problems of civil unrest as presence of guerrillas, paramilitares and narco-dealers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |