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<document id="FD6DE75235C3AFEA071247FBC37CB371" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.sajb.2018.06.007" ID-ISSN="1727-9321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10496539" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1705062780128" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Larridon, I., Verboom, G. A. &amp; Muasya, A. M." docDate="2018" docId="03CA87C9FF82FF81FC9611F1F638A9DD" docLanguage="en" docName="SAfrJBot.118.18-22.pdf" docOrigin="South African Journal of Botany 118" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.06.007" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4.1:SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4" docStyleName="SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Costularia (Lophoschoenus) Kük." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFF3FFB1FF80FF82FFB3116AF409A83C" masterDocTitle="Revised delimitation of the genus Tetraria, nom. cons. prop. (Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae, Tricostularia clade) *" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="18" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1705582864330" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:title id="9E3732D374EAF93D0405DFD59C9E31C5">Revised delimitation of the genus Tetraria, nom. cons. prop. (Cyperaceae, tribe Schoeneae, Tricostularia clade) *</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5F08AF9529C706F1BC7C6782BD84590C">Larridon, I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0DB7DBD818A9E2FC56D95B0587DFB2DE">Verboom, G. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CCCB0BC15B7B9CBBA58CECA0CF0E8DC7">Muasya, A. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D09815FDA226BEAA633D921E7C98D4A5">South African Journal of Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="760F9A9C77E41457978451A67EE55B38">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0D489D704BF129217003FF209DB39B04">2018-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="347CE9B7C3FF2911A66B7EBCE84CB5AD">118</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6CA9B18D3A2AE9A428800C1651E5FCE2">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="616B4559DC1D8F4727115AEA52AA1CD0" type="DOI">10.1016/j.sajb.2018.06.007</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5AEC54426EC3BED76BDB1BDBC2D772B4" type="ISSN">1727-9321</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CA87C9FF82FF81FC9611F1F638A9DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87C9FF82FF81FC9611F1F638A9DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87C9FF82FF81FC9611F1F638A9DD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
<subSubSection id="C3796554FF82FF80FC9611F1F015A8F6" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDC36DFFF82FF80FC9611F1F015A8F6" blockId="2.[805,1286,155,202]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D09481B3FF82FF80FC9611F1F015A8F6" bold="true" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC9611F1F015A8F6" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
4. Taxonomic history of the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FB1211F1F015A8F6" ID-CoL="8WHCB" authorityName="Kük." baseAuthorityName="Stapf" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lophoschoenus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FB1211F1F10FA892" bold="true" box="[1185,1286,155,174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
subgenus
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC3B11DDF015A8F6" bold="true" box="[904,1052,183,202]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3796554FF82FF81FCF71185F638A9DD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDC36DFFF82FF80FCF71185F132AAB5" blockId="2.[805,1476,238,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
The first species of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FBA51184F073A93E" box="[1046,1146,238,258]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FBA51184F073A93E" box="[1046,1146,238,258]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FB5D1184F18BA93E" box="[1262,1410,238,258]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FB5D1184F18BA93E" box="[1262,1410,238,258]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be described was
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC791060F140A922" authority="Sol. ex Vahl" authorityName="Vahl" box="[970,1353,266,286]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundinaceus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC791060F0BEA922" box="[970,1207,266,286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Schoenus arundinaceus</emphasis>
Sol. ex Vahl
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F374764FFF82FF80FA271061F781A906" name="New Caledonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FC2A104DF00DA906" author="Vahl, M." box="[921,1028,295,314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" refId="ref6020" refString="Vahl, M., 1805. Enumeratio Plantarum 2. Impensis auctoris, &amp; prostat apud J. H. Schubothe, Copenhagen." type="book" year="1805">Vahl, 1805</bibRefCitation>
). In the following decades, this species was moved around from one genus to the other, i.e., it was placed in
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC961037F7D0A94E" authority="R. Br." authorityName="R. Br." box="[805,985,349,370]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Chaetospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC961037F796A94D" box="[805,927,349,369]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Chaetospora</emphasis>
R.Br.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FBA11037F0DAA94E" authority="Steud." authorityName="Steud." box="[1042,1235,349,370]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyclocampe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FBA11037F08FA94D" box="[1042,1158,349,369]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Cyclocampe</emphasis>
Steud.
</taxonomicName>
, two genera placed in synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC061013F019A9B1" baseAuthorityName="Elliott and Muasya" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[949,1040,377,397]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC061013F019A9B1" box="[949,1040,377,397]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Schoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and in
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FBD81013F12FA9B2" authority="Nees" authorityName="Nees" box="[1131,1318,377,398]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Asterochaete" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FBD81013F0E0A9B1" box="[1131,1257,377,397]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Asterochaete</emphasis>
Nees
</taxonomicName>
, a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC9610FFF044A996" authority="Banks &amp; Sol. ex R. Br. It" authorityName="R. Br. It" box="[805,1101,405,426]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carpha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC9610FFF760A995" box="[805,873,405,425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Carpha</emphasis>
Banks &amp; Sol. ex R.Br. It
</taxonomicName>
took over a century before the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC9610DBF7FFA9F9" authority="Stapf" authorityName="Stapf" box="[805,1014,433,453]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC9610DBF7B0A9F9" box="[805,953,433,453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
Stapf
</taxonomicName>
was described based on four sedge species, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FCE310A7F14CA9DD" authority="(Sol. ex Vahl) Stapf" authorityName="Stapf" baseAuthorityName="Vahl" box="[848,1349,461,482]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundinaceus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FCE310A7F07BA9DD" box="[848,1138,461,481]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus arundinaceus</emphasis>
(Sol. ex Vahl) Stapf
</taxonomicName>
(basionym:
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC961083F002A9C1" box="[805,1035,489,509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundinaceus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC961083F002A9C1" box="[805,1035,489,509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Schoenus arundinaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FB921083F14EA9C1" authority="(C. B. Clarke) Stapf" authorityName="Stapf" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" box="[1057,1351,489,510]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FB921083F022A9C1" box="[1057,1067,489,509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FB8B1083F082A9C1" box="[1080,1163,489,509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">comosus</emphasis>
(C.B.Clarke) Stapf
</taxonomicName>
(basionym:
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC96136FF034AA25" authority="C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" box="[805,1085,517,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC96136FF7DBAA25" box="[805,978,517,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Schoenus comosus</emphasis>
C.B.Clarke
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FBFF136FF144AA25" authority="(C. B. Clarke) Stapf" authorityName="Stapf" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" box="[1100,1357,517,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hornei">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FBFF136FF05FAA25" box="[1100,1110,517,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FBEC136FF095AA25" box="[1119,1180,517,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">hornei</emphasis>
(C.B.Clarke) Stapf
</taxonomicName>
(basionym:
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC96134BF024AA09" authority="C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" box="[805,1069,545,565]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hornei">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC96134BF7CBAA09" box="[805,962,545,565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Schoenus hornei</emphasis>
C.B.Clarke
</taxonomicName>
, nom. cons. prop.;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FB5B1348F1BDAA09" author="Larridon, I. &amp; Govaerts, R. &amp; Goetghebeur, P." box="[1256,1460,546,565]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="1225 - 1226" refId="ref5079" refString="Larridon, I., Govaerts, R., Goetghebeur, P., 2017 b. (2554) Proposal to conserve the name Schoenus hornei (Cyperaceae) with a conserved type. Taxon 66, 1225 - 1226." type="journal article" year="2017">Larridon et al., 2017b</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FCEB1357F134AA6D" authority="(Gaudich. ex Boeckeler) Stapf" authorityName="Stapf" baseAuthorityName="Boeckeler" box="[856,1341,573,593]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urvilleanus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FCEB1357F76BAA6D" box="[856,866,573,593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FCC61357F7EFAA6D" box="[885,998,573,593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">urvilleanus</emphasis>
(Gaudich. ex Boeckeler) Stapf
</taxonomicName>
(basionym:
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC961333F0DAAA51" authority="Gaudich. ex Boeckeler" authorityName="Boeckeler" box="[805,1235,601,621]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carpha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urvilleana">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC961333F7D2AA51" box="[805,987,601,621]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Carpha urvilleana</emphasis>
Gaudich. ex Boeckeler
</taxonomicName>
) from
<collectingCountry id="F374764FFF82FF80FAAD1330F1B6AA51" box="[1310,1471,602,621]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, Borneo and the
<collectingCountry id="F374764FFF82FF80FC79131FF03AAAB4" box="[970,1075,629,648]" name="Seychelles" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FBF6131FF125AAB5" author="Stapf, O. &amp; Turrill, W. B." box="[1093,1324,629,649]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="173 - 185" refId="ref5933" refString="Stapf, O., Turrill, W. B., 1914. Cyperaceae. In: Gibbs, L. S. (Ed.), A Contribution to the Flora and Plant Formations of Mount Kinabalu and the Highlands of British North Borneo. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 42, pp. 173 - 185." type="journal article" year="1914">Stapf and Turrill, 1914</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36DFFF82FF80FCF713F8F08BAC43" blockId="2.[805,1476,238,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
In 1939, Kükenthal united
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FBF313FAF0C0AA98" box="[1088,1225,656,676]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FBF313FAF0C0AA98" box="[1088,1225,656,676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FB4C13FAF1B6AA98" authority="C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" box="[1279,1471,656,676]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FB4C13FAF152AA98" box="[1279,1371,656,676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
C.B.Clarke
</taxonomicName>
, while upholding both names at subgeneric level and also describing a third subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC0C13A2F050AAE0" box="[959,1113,712,732]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Chamaedendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC0C13A2F050AAE0" box="[959,1113,712,732]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Chamaedendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In his study of the New Caledonian
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC96138EF7DFAAC4" box="[805,982,740,760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC96138EF78DAAC4" box="[805,900,740,760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FC57138FF07AAAC4" author="Raynal, J." box="[996,1139,741,760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="337 - 377" refId="ref5717" refString="Raynal, J., 1974. Notes Cyperologiques 22. Les Costularia de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Adansonia, Serie 2 14, 337 - 377." type="journal article" year="1974">Raynal (1974)</bibRefCitation>
only maintained two subgenera (
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC9D126AF783AB28" box="[814,906,768,788]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC9D126AF783AB28" box="[814,906,768,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC06126AF037AB28" box="[949,1086,768,788]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC06126AF037AB28" box="[949,1086,768,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), based on the arrangement of the leaves. A recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed a lack of monophyly for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC231252F0D3AB70" authority="(Larridon et al., 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Larridon" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[912,1242,824,844]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC231252F7E6AB70" box="[912,1007,824,844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FBB11253F0C6AB70" author="Larridon, I. &amp; Semmouri, I. &amp; Bauters, K. &amp; Viljoen, J. A. &amp; Prychid, C. J. &amp; Muasya, A. M. &amp; Bruhl, J. J. &amp; Wilson, K. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P." box="[1026,1231,825,844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="196 - 209" refId="ref5122" refString="Larridon, I., Semmouri, I., Bauters, K., Viljoen, J. A., Prychid, C. J., Muasya, A. M., Bruhl, J. J., Wilson, K. A., Goetghebeur, P., 2018. Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Costularia (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae) reveals multiple distinct evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126, 196 - 209." type="journal article" year="2018">Larridon et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FB541253F1CBAB70" author="Larridon, I. &amp; Semmouri, I. &amp; Bauters, K. &amp; Viljoen, J. A. &amp; Prychid, C. J. &amp; Muasya, A. M. &amp; Bruhl, J. J. &amp; Wilson, K. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P." box="[1255,1474,825,844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="196 - 209" refId="ref5122" refString="Larridon, I., Semmouri, I., Bauters, K., Viljoen, J. A., Prychid, C. J., Muasya, A. M., Bruhl, J. J., Wilson, K. A., Goetghebeur, P., 2018. Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Costularia (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae) reveals multiple distinct evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126, 196 - 209." type="journal article" year="2018">Larridon et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
recognised four separate evolutionary lineages within the species previously placed in
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC5D121AF045ABB8" box="[1006,1100,880,900]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC5D121AF045ABB8" box="[1006,1100,880,900]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They recircumscribed
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FA9E121AF182ABB8" box="[1325,1419,880,900]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FA9E121AF182ABB8" box="[1325,1419,880,900]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with
<typeStatus id="54D8887DFF82FF80FC9612E7F759AB9C" box="[805,848,909,928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC1612E1F0DDABA3" authority="C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" box="[933,1236,907,927]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC1612E1F063ABA3" box="[933,1130,907,927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia natalensis</emphasis>
C.B.Clarke
</taxonomicName>
, to include only species from south-eastern Africa,
<collectingCountry id="F374764FFF82FF80FB9812C2F0A9AB87" box="[1067,1184,936,955]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, the Mascarenes, and a single species from the
<collectingCountry id="F374764FFF82FF80FC7912AEF027ABEB" box="[970,1070,964,983]" name="Seychelles" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FB8F12A9F775ABCF" authority="(Baker) Henriette &amp; Senterre" authorityName="Henriette &amp; Senterre" baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xipholepis">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FB8F12A9F0F4ABEB" box="[1084,1277,963,983]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia xipholepis</emphasis>
(Baker) Henriette &amp; Senterre
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FC35128AF051ABCF" author="Henriette, E. &amp; Larridon, I. &amp; Morel, C. &amp; Goetghebeur, P. &amp; Senterre, B." box="[902,1112,992,1012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="31 - 41" refId="ref4931" refString="Henriette, E., Larridon, I., Morel, C., Goetghebeur, P., Senterre, B., 2015. Revision of the genus Costularia (Cyperaceae: Schoeneae) for the flora of Seychelles, including the rediscovery and resurrection of a rare endemic species. Phytotaxa 231, 31 - 41." type="journal article" year="2015">Henriette et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
). This meant that the species which
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC961296F78AAC33" box="[805,899,1020,1039]" form="part" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" rank="form">form part</taxonomicName>
of the three other lineages needed a new name.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FADC1296F797AC17" author="Larridon, I. &amp; Semmouri, I. &amp; Bauters, K. &amp; Viljoen, J. A. &amp; Prychid, C. J. &amp; Muasya, A. M. &amp; Bruhl, J. J. &amp; Wilson, K. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P." pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="196 - 209" refId="ref5122" refString="Larridon, I., Semmouri, I., Bauters, K., Viljoen, J. A., Prychid, C. J., Muasya, A. M., Bruhl, J. J., Wilson, K. A., Goetghebeur, P., 2018. Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Costularia (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae) reveals multiple distinct evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126, 196 - 209." type="journal article" year="2018">Larridon et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
elevated a slightly recircumscribed
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FAB2157DF169AC17" box="[1281,1376,1047,1067]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FAB2157DF169AC17" box="[1281,1376,1047,1067]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC961559F7B3AC7B" box="[805,954,1075,1095]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Chamaedendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC961559F7B3AC7B" box="[805,954,1075,1095]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Chamaedendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to genus level (as the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FB7D1559F1B5AC7B" authority="Larridon" authorityName="Larridon" box="[1230,1468,1075,1095]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Chamaedendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FB7D1559F16DAC7B" box="[1230,1380,1075,1095]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Chamaedendron</emphasis>
Larridon
</taxonomicName>
) including five species. This left the species previously placed in
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC961501F78CAC43" box="[805,901,1131,1151]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC961501F78CAC43" box="[805,901,1131,1151]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC5D1501F074AC43" box="[1006,1149,1131,1151]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC5D1501F074AC43" box="[1006,1149,1131,1151]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36DFFF82FF80FCF715EDF057AED9" blockId="2.[805,1476,238,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
According to online species databases (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FB7B15E2F19DACA7" author="Govaerts, R. &amp; Jimenez-Meijas, P. &amp; Koopman, J. &amp; Simpson, D. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P. &amp; Wilson, K. L. &amp; Egorova, T. &amp; Bruhl, J. J." box="[1224,1428,1159,1179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" refId="ref4778" refString="Govaerts, R., Jimenez-Meijas, P., Koopman, J., Simpson, D. A., Goetghebeur, P., Wilson, K. L., Egorova, T., Bruhl, J. J., 2017. World checklist of selected plant families. Cyperaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Available at:. http: // www. kew. org / wcsp / monocots /." type="url" year="2017">Govaerts et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
; The International Plant Names Index, 2017; Tropicos.org, 2017), a total of 12 names have been published in
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FBC515D4F10DACEE" box="[1142,1284,1214,1234]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FBC515D4F10DACEE" box="[1142,1284,1214,1234]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by various authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FC9D15B1F00FACD2" author="Stapf, O. &amp; Turrill, W. B." box="[814,1030,1243,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="173 - 185" refId="ref5933" refString="Stapf, O., Turrill, W. B., 1914. Cyperaceae. In: Gibbs, L. S. (Ed.), A Contribution to the Flora and Plant Formations of Mount Kinabalu and the Highlands of British North Borneo. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 42, pp. 173 - 185." type="journal article" year="1914">Stapf and Turrill, 1914</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FBA315B1F09BACD2" author="Pfeiffer, H." box="[1040,1170,1243,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="339 - 353" refId="ref5689" refString="Pfeiffer, H., 1927. Oreobolus R. Br., eine merkwurdige Cyperaceen-Gattung. Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis 23, 339 - 353." type="journal article" year="1927">Pfeiffer, 1927</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FB2F15B1F12BACD2" author="Daniker, A. U." box="[1180,1314,1243,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 395" refId="ref4680" refString="Daniker, A. U., 1932 - 33. Ergebnisse der Reise von Dr. A. U. Daniker nach Neu-Caledonien und den Loyalty-Islen (1924 - 26). 4. Katalog der Pteridophyta und Embryophyta siphonogama. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich 77, 1 - 395." type="journal article" year="1932">Däniker, 1932</bibRefCitation>
–33;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FAE015B1F75DAD36" author="Guillaumin, A." pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="198 - 203" refId="ref4861" refString="Guillaumin, A., 1934 - 35. Contribution a la flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle ser. 2, 198 - 203." type="book chapter" year="1934">Guillaumin, 1934</bibRefCitation>
–35, 1957). One of these names conforms with a
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FAA9159CF17FAD36" box="[1306,1398,1270,1290]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FAA9159CF17FAD36" box="[1306,1398,1270,1290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457B6FF82FF80FAC91592F19FAD37" box="[1402,1430,1272,1291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FCE61479F004AD1A" author="Larridon, I. &amp; Semmouri, I. &amp; Bauters, K. &amp; Viljoen, J. A. &amp; Prychid, C. J. &amp; Muasya, A. M. &amp; Bruhl, J. J. &amp; Wilson, K. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P." box="[853,1037,1299,1318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="196 - 209" refId="ref5122" refString="Larridon, I., Semmouri, I., Bauters, K., Viljoen, J. A., Prychid, C. J., Muasya, A. M., Bruhl, J. J., Wilson, K. A., Goetghebeur, P., 2018. Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Costularia (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae) reveals multiple distinct evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126, 196 - 209." type="journal article" year="2018">Larridon et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
), i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FBF31478F1CDAD1A" authority="(Kunth) H. Pfeiff." authorityName="H. Pfeiff." baseAuthorityName="Kunth" box="[1088,1476,1298,1318]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FBF31478F12CAD1A" box="[1088,1317,1298,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus elongatus</emphasis>
(Kunth) H.Pfeiff.
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FCF91444F0CCAD7E" authority="(Poir.) C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" baseAuthorityName="Poir." box="[842,1221,1326,1346]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melicoides">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FCF91444F01BAD7E" box="[842,1042,1326,1346]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia melicoides</emphasis>
(Poir.) C.B.Clarke
</taxonomicName>
). Two further heterotypic names, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC221420F10FAD62" authority="Daniker (1932" authorityName="Daniker" authorityYear="1932" box="[913,1286,1354,1374]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcifolius">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC221420F07EAD62" box="[913,1143,1354,1374]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus falcifolius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FBCF1421F10FAD62" author="Daniker, A. U." box="[1148,1286,1355,1374]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 395" refId="ref4680" refString="Daniker, A. U., 1932 - 33. Ergebnisse der Reise von Dr. A. U. Daniker nach Neu-Caledonien und den Loyalty-Islen (1924 - 26). 4. Katalog der Pteridophyta und Embryophyta siphonogama. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich 77, 1 - 395." type="journal article" year="1932">Däniker (1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–33), and
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FAD51420F02AAD46" authority="(Daniker) Kuk." authorityName="Kuk." baseAuthorityName="Daniker" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xyridioides">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FAD51420F782AD46" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia xyridioides</emphasis>
(Däniker) Kük.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FB82140DF0D8AD46" author="Kukenthal, G." box="[1073,1233,1383,1402]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="4 - 5" refId="ref5016" refString="Kukenthal, G., 1939. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Rhynchosporoideae 4 - 5." type="book chapter" year="1939">Kükenthal, 1939</bibRefCitation>
) based on the basionym
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC9614E8F07DADAA" authority="Daniker (1932" authorityName="Daniker" authorityYear="1932" box="[805,1140,1410,1430]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xyridioides">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC9614E8F7EAADAA" box="[805,995,1410,1430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Schoenus xyridioides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FC5A14E9F07DADAA" author="Daniker, A. U." box="[1001,1140,1411,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 395" refId="ref4680" refString="Daniker, A. U., 1932 - 33. Ergebnisse der Reise von Dr. A. U. Daniker nach Neu-Caledonien und den Loyalty-Islen (1924 - 26). 4. Katalog der Pteridophyta und Embryophyta siphonogama. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zurich 77, 1 - 395." type="journal article" year="1932">Däniker (1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–33), conform to a single taxon recently placed in the newly described unrelated genus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FA9814F7F7FAADF2" authority="(Larridon et al., 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Larridon" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Chamaedendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FA9814F7F1CBAD8D" box="[1323,1474,1437,1457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Chamaedendron</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FC9D14D0F7E1ADF2" author="Larridon, I. &amp; Semmouri, I. &amp; Bauters, K. &amp; Viljoen, J. A. &amp; Prychid, C. J. &amp; Muasya, A. M. &amp; Bruhl, J. J. &amp; Wilson, K. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P." box="[814,1000,1466,1486]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="196 - 209" refId="ref5122" refString="Larridon, I., Semmouri, I., Bauters, K., Viljoen, J. A., Prychid, C. J., Muasya, A. M., Bruhl, J. J., Wilson, K. A., Goetghebeur, P., 2018. Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Costularia (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae) reveals multiple distinct evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126, 196 - 209." type="journal article" year="2018">Larridon et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. More confusion surrounds the use of the epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC9614BCF7B4ADD5" authorityName="H. Pfeiff. Guillaumin" authorityYear="1957" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" box="[805,957,1493,1513]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">
“
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC9D14BFF7B4ADD5" box="[814,957,1493,1513]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">neocaledonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC5514BFF04CADD5" box="[998,1093,1493,1513]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC5514BFF04CADD5" box="[998,1093,1493,1513]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457B6FF82FF80FBFF14BCF06FADD5" box="[1100,1126,1494,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FBDF14BCF0F3ADD5" author="Rendle, A. B." box="[1132,1274,1494,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="260 - 263" refId="ref5743" refString="Rendle, A. B., 1921. Monocotyledons: Cyperaceae. In: Rendle, A. B., Baker, E. G., Moore Spencer Le, M. (Eds.), A Systematic Account of the Plants Collected in New Caledonia and the Isle of Pines by Prof. R. H. Compton, M. A., in 1914. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 45, pp. 260 - 263." type="journal article" year="1921">Rendle (1921)</bibRefCitation>
originally described
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC96149BF051AE39" authority="Rendle" authorityName="Rendle" box="[805,1112,1521,1541]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neocaledonica">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC96149BF007AE39" box="[805,1038,1521,1541]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia neocaledonica</emphasis>
Rendle
</taxonomicName>
, however,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FB701498F140AE39" author="Clarke, C. B." box="[1219,1353,1522,1541]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 274" refId="ref4628" refString="Clarke, C. B., 1906. Cyperaceae, pp. 24 - 27. In: Schlechter, R. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora von Neu-Kaledonien. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 39, pp. 1 - 274." type="journal article" year="1906">Clarke (1906)</bibRefCitation>
had already published a different species under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FB6F1767F7FDAE01" authority="C. B. Clarke. In 1927" authorityName="C. B. Clarke. In" authorityYear="1927" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Schoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FB6F1767F1CBAE1D" box="[1244,1474,1549,1569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Schoenus neocaledonicus</emphasis>
C.B.Clarke. In 1927
</taxonomicName>
, Pfeiffer included the wrong species into
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC96172FF7BCAE65" box="[805,949,1605,1625]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC96172FF7BCAE65" box="[805,949,1605,1625]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC57172FF7EBAE49" authority="(C. B. Clarke) H. Pfeiff. Guillaumin (1957)" authorityName="H. Pfeiff. Guillaumin" authorityYear="1957" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC57172FF0F7AE65" box="[996,1278,1605,1625]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus neocaledonicus</emphasis>
(C.B.Clarke) H.Pfeiff.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FC961708F7EBAE49" author="Guillaumin, A." box="[805,994,1634,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref4892" refString="Guillaumin, A., 1957. Resultats scientifiques de la mission franco-suisse de botanique en Nouvelle-Caledonie (1950 - 52). Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie B, Botanique 8, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1957">Guillaumin (1957)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
later published a new species
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FA80170BF7B1AEAD" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FA80170BF76CAEAD" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montis">Lophoschoenus montis</taxonomicName>
-fontium
</emphasis>
Guillaumin, which is now accepted as a heterotypic synonym of Rendle's species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FBF117F0F10DAE91" author="Govaerts, R. &amp; Jimenez-Meijas, P. &amp; Koopman, J. &amp; Simpson, D. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P. &amp; Wilson, K. L. &amp; Egorova, T. &amp; Bruhl, J. J." box="[1090,1284,1690,1709]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" refId="ref4778" refString="Govaerts, R., Jimenez-Meijas, P., Koopman, J., Simpson, D. A., Goetghebeur, P., Wilson, K. L., Egorova, T., Bruhl, J. J., 2017. World checklist of selected plant families. Cyperaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Available at:. http: // www. kew. org / wcsp / monocots /." type="url" year="2017">Govaerts et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Despite these two names in
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC3717DEF0E4AEF4" authority=", Larridon et al. (2018)" authorityName="Larridon" authorityYear="2018" box="[900,1261,1716,1737]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC3717DEF018AEF4" box="[900,1041,1716,1736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FBAF17DFF0E4AEF4" author="Larridon, I. &amp; Semmouri, I. &amp; Bauters, K. &amp; Viljoen, J. A. &amp; Prychid, C. J. &amp; Muasya, A. M. &amp; Bruhl, J. J. &amp; Wilson, K. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P." box="[1052,1261,1717,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="196 - 209" refId="ref5122" refString="Larridon, I., Semmouri, I., Bauters, K., Viljoen, J. A., Prychid, C. J., Muasya, A. M., Bruhl, J. J., Wilson, K. A., Goetghebeur, P., 2018. Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Costularia (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae) reveals multiple distinct evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126, 196 - 209." type="journal article" year="2018">Larridon et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
placed this species in their new genus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC7717BAF050AED8" box="[964,1113,1744,1764]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Chamaedendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC7717BAF050AED8" box="[964,1113,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Chamaedendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC36DFFF82FF81FCF71787F638A9DD" blockId="2.[805,1476,238,1988]" lastBlockId="3.[113,784,154,481]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF82FF80FC721787F083AF3C" author="Larridon, I. &amp; Semmouri, I. &amp; Bauters, K. &amp; Viljoen, J. A. &amp; Prychid, C. J. &amp; Muasya, A. M. &amp; Bruhl, J. J. &amp; Wilson, K. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P." box="[961,1162,1773,1793]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="196 - 209" refId="ref5122" refString="Larridon, I., Semmouri, I., Bauters, K., Viljoen, J. A., Prychid, C. J., Muasya, A. M., Bruhl, J. J., Wilson, K. A., Goetghebeur, P., 2018. Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Costularia (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae) reveals multiple distinct evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126, 196 - 209." type="journal article" year="2018">Larridon et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
, seven of the eight accepted species of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FCDB1662F7CEAF20" box="[872,967,1800,1820]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FCDB1662F7CEAF20" box="[872,967,1800,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FB9C1662F0B5AF20" box="[1071,1212,1800,1820]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FB9C1662F0B5AF20" box="[1071,1212,1800,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e.
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FB5A1662F7EDAF04" authority="(Sol. ex Vahl) Kuk." authorityName="Kuk." baseAuthorityName="Vahl" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundinacea">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FB5A1662F1CBAF20" box="[1257,1474,1800,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia arundinacea</emphasis>
(Sol. ex Vahl) Kük.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC5F164EF10FAF04" authority="J. Raynal" authorityName="J. Raynal" box="[1004,1286,1828,1848]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="breviseta">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC5F164EF0A7AF04" box="[1004,1198,1828,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia breviseta</emphasis>
J.Raynal
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FAA3164EF7DDAF68" authority="(C. B. Clarke) Kuk." authorityName="Kuk." baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosa">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FAA3164EF1C8AF04" box="[1296,1473,1828,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia comosa</emphasis>
(C.B.Clarke) Kük.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC6D162AF10CAF68" authority="J. Raynal" authorityName="J. Raynal" box="[990,1285,1856,1876]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC6D162AF0A2AF68" box="[990,1195,1856,1876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia pubescens</emphasis>
J.Raynal
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FAA2162AF771AF4C" authority="J. Raynal" authorityName="J. Raynal" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setacea">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FAA2162AF1CBAF68" box="[1297,1474,1856,1876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia setacea</emphasis>
J.Raynal
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC3A1636F0BFAF4C" authority="J. Raynal" authorityName="J. Raynal" box="[905,1206,1884,1904]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC3A1636F05CAF4C" box="[905,1109,1884,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia sylvestris</emphasis>
J.Raynal
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FB491636F7BDAFB0" authority="(Daniker) Kuk." authorityName="Kuk." baseAuthorityName="Daniker" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stagnalis">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FB491636F1CBAF4C" box="[1274,1474,1884,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia stagnalis</emphasis>
(Däniker) Kük.
</taxonomicName>
, form a monophyletic lineage together with the species of reticulate-sheathed
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FBB316F9F043AF9B" box="[1024,1098,1939,1959]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FBB316F9F043AF9B" box="[1024,1098,1939,1959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Tetraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although the placement of the eighth species, i.e.
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FC2816C5F0FFAFF8" authority="(Steud.) J. Kern" authorityName="J. Kern" baseAuthorityName="Steud." box="[923,1270,1967,1988]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilisepala">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FC2816C5F054AFFF" box="[923,1117,1967,1987]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia pilisepala</emphasis>
(Steud.) J.Kern
</taxonomicName>
(the only
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF82FF80FAD116C5F1CBAFFF" box="[1378,1474,1967,1987]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF82FF80FAD116C5F1CBAFFF" box="[1378,1474,1967,1987]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF83FF81FF6011F0F569A892" box="[211,352,154,174]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF83FF81FF6011F0F569A892" box="[211,352,154,174]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which is not endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F374764FFF83FF81FDE411F6F6E1A892" box="[599,744,155,175]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
but instead occurs in Borneo and New
<collectingCountry id="F374764FFF83FF81FE7F11DDF61FA8F6" box="[460,534,183,202]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Guinea</collectingCountry>
), could not be confirmed in their molecular study, this species shares with this group noded culms and a reticulate tunic surrounding the culm base.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF83FF81FFC21061F528A922" author="Kukenthal, G." box="[113,289,267,286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" pagination="4 - 5" refId="ref5016" refString="Kukenthal, G., 1939. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Rhynchosporoideae 4 - 5." type="book chapter" year="1939">Kükenthal (1939)</bibRefCitation>
placed one further species in
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF83FF81FDF81060F6A5A922" box="[587,684,266,286]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF83FF81FDF81060F6A5A922" box="[587,684,266,286]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Costularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF83FF81FFC2104CF508A906" box="[113,257,294,314]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lophoschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF83FF81FFC2104CF508A906" box="[113,257,294,314]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Lophoschoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e.
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF83FF81FE9D104CF4BEA96A" authority="(C. B. Clarke) Kuk. Larridon et al. (2018)" authorityName="Kuk. Larridon" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="C. B. Clarke" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hornei">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF83FF81FE9D104CF5DBA906" box="[302,466,294,314]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Costularia hornei</emphasis>
(C.B.Clarke) Kük.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF83FF81FD36104DF4BEA96A" author="Larridon, I. &amp; Semmouri, I. &amp; Bauters, K. &amp; Viljoen, J. A. &amp; Prychid, C. J. &amp; Muasya, A. M. &amp; Bruhl, J. J. &amp; Wilson, K. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P." pageId="3" pageNumber="21" pagination="196 - 209" refId="ref5122" refString="Larridon, I., Semmouri, I., Bauters, K., Viljoen, J. A., Prychid, C. J., Muasya, A. M., Bruhl, J. J., Wilson, K. A., Goetghebeur, P., 2018. Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Costularia (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae) reveals multiple distinct evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126, 196 - 209." type="journal article" year="2018">Larridon et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
showed that the latter species is not part of the reticulate-sheathed
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF83FF81FF6A1037F52EA94D" box="[217,295,349,369]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF83FF81FF6A1037F52EA94D" box="[217,295,349,369]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Tetraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade, but is instead more closely related to the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF83FF81FF561013F5AFA9B1" authority="Gaudich." authorityName="Gaudich." box="[229,422,377,397]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Morelotia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF83FF81FF561013F54DA9B1" box="[229,324,377,397]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Morelotia</emphasis>
Gaudich.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF83FF81FE6B1013F6B1A9B1" authority="C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" box="[472,696,377,397]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetrariopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF83FF81FE6B1013F645A9B1" box="[472,588,377,397]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Tetrariopsis</emphasis>
C.B.Clarke
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13582A5AFF83FF81FD7A1010F6F6A9B2" box="[713,767,378,398]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[113,138,1260,1274]" captionTargetBox="[220,1392,145,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-0@1.[218,1394,142,1224]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Time-calibrated Bayesian phylogeny estimate inferred with BEAST showing tribe Schoeneae s.s. (adapted from Larridon et al., 2018). The six major clades and their approximate divergence times in millions of years are shown in A.Details as given of the Tricostularia clade, with the species previously placed in Epischoenus or Costularia highlighted in light grey." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496542/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B2EFF83FF81FFC210FCF550A995" author="Larridon, I. &amp; Semmouri, I. &amp; Bauters, K. &amp; Viljoen, J. A. &amp; Prychid, C. J. &amp; Muasya, A. M. &amp; Bruhl, J. J. &amp; Wilson, K. A. &amp; Goetghebeur, P." box="[113,345,406,426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" pagination="196 - 209" refId="ref5122" refString="Larridon, I., Semmouri, I., Bauters, K., Viljoen, J. A., Prychid, C. J., Muasya, A. M., Bruhl, J. J., Wilson, K. A., Goetghebeur, P., 2018. Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Costularia (Schoeneae, Cyperaceae) reveals multiple distinct evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 126, 196 - 209." type="journal article" year="2018">Larridon et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF83FF81FE0210FFF657A995" box="[433,606,405,425]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Costularia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hornei">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF83FF81FE0210FFF657A995" box="[433,606,405,425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Costularia hornei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a new genus
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF83FF81FFC210DBF557A9F9" authority="Larridon." authorityName="Larridon." box="[113,350,433,453]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Xyroschoenus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF83FF81FFC210DBF4F1A9F9" box="[113,248,433,453]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Xyroschoenus</emphasis>
Larridon.
</taxonomicName>
The relationships between the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF83FF81FFC210A7F4C4A9DD" box="[113,205,461,481]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Morelotia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF83FF81FFC210A7F4C4A9DD" box="[113,205,461,481]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Morelotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C634D5CFF83FF81FF4D10A7F564A9DD" box="[254,365,461,481]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Tetrariopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B917EACDFF83FF81FF4D10A7F564A9DD" box="[254,365,461,481]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Tetrariopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
need further study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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