607 lines
72 KiB
XML
607 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="6C0C963E8F36FE1EA546205FB53F578B" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2022.11.1.022" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12753287" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1721182731105" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kim, Philjae & Shin, Taekjun Lee and Sook" docDate="2022" docId="03C987B0FFCDFFEE27DE311FFF4C88E9" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.11.1.22-28.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 11 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Tropiometra macrodiscus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFF0FFC8FFCFFFEB274E3411FFB88B4B" masterDocTitle="New record of the unstalked crinoid Tropiometra macrodiscus (Crinoidea: Comatulida: Tropiometridae) from Korea" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="22" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1721770371934" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="4CFD94B817D37AE61D9066C91107F5FE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="0B56C6A5DA016FABA5F11A5A0B5C0E95">
|
||
<mods:title id="81C8F0A1A85650E13DDABA35874DDB2F">New record of the unstalked crinoid Tropiometra macrodiscus (Crinoidea: Comatulida: Tropiometridae) from Korea</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="3432AA64A1AB39904ED06B12D023F1AB" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="18E81D72F9B2BC6D0A30FAA5FB764DC0">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="610DDF32F805E407259DF5A62E4D7D98">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="348F67FA84B13AEF5A68993925233628">Kim, Philjae</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="8FAB88E494D62EF299590C99CDD57287">Division of Ecological Conservation, Bureau of Ecological Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Chungnam 33657, Republic of Korea & Department of Animal Biotechnology & Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea & Institute of Marine Life Resources, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9113EA83ECD2A4CED99A3C41D9BEA7CA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="90FD0EC0F9161C03C6C3E406ED978526">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4AD38874F19F54A45739D1CB7BD62E4E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3C461B9C179F0341815D2ED065A5DC6D">Shin, Taekjun Lee and Sook</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="1DE841259FF4C159DB49A9B935AC5816">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="02A319B8C84F12ECEE0AAFD9274ACD0B" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="3CAF3304A8430C176AA3805A33F40ED8">
|
||
<mods:title id="9FD6A3658A9FDBD03C3EC8420FD0836E">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="1A27E7F8FEBC4331A852A28955D18F64">
|
||
<mods:date id="E571A1685CAFCAF04ABD4BA622E68D7A">2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C51FC40C2A7B5ADFC0F9944F06F81182" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="DD4F1027ABC5B1A144FA235F81CC74DB">2022-02-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B13EAF58E89A1CEB4D5FE30639147100" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="C065A495A341BCFF85FF89CEB429DB03">11</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0ADB54350843903818FD0C06B15468D7" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="7EE2C9E85F057DCD4DEBE6A71794C7C6">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="F2A88AADA4B19933F9AAA0CD1F373182" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="D6A7B10CC64CE1B3170A953F8AD91B9D">22</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="3E33CA3A2223D425255C11B8B17F936C">28</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="35136AE114003EE5977A1DE2A9EB568A">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9A3FBABC92C8EA6BB2F5C8331E64BE8E" type="DOI">10.12651/JSR.2022.11.1.022</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E12046365177D32BBC68AB272F8C24A5" type="ISSN">2713-8615</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2BE73DBE6898E392332B797653F87826" type="Zenodo-Dep">12753287</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C987B0FFCDFFEE27DE311FFF4C88E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987B0FFCDFFEE27DE311FFF4C88E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987B0FFCDFFEE27DE311FFF4C88E9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A652DFFCDFFE927DE311FFD848E6E" box="[144,572,1293,1318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCDFFE927DE311FFD848E6E" blockId="2.[144,749,1293,1608]" box="[144,572,1293,1318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<heading id="D09781CAFFCDFFE927DE311FFD848E6E" bold="true" box="[144,572,1293,1318]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" reason="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE927DE311FFD848E6E" ID-CoL="8GLG2" authority="(Hara, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Hara" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[144,572,1293,1318]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE927DE311FFD848E6E" bold="true" box="[144,572,1293,1318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE927DE311FFE118E6E" bold="true" box="[144,425,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Tropiometra macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE926FB311CFD8E8E6E" author="Hara, J." box="[437,566,1293,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="115 - 116" refId="ref4069" refString="Hara, J. 1895. Description of a new species of Comatula Antedon macrodiscus. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 7 (81): 115 - 116." type="journal article" year="1895">Hara, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A652DFFCDFFE927DE313FFD328D03" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCDFFE927DE313FFE788E2D" blockId="2.[144,749,1293,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB701188FFCDFFE927DE313FFE788E2D" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B7FFCDFFE927DE313FFD9E8E0D" author="Hara, J." box="[144,550,1326,1350]" page="115" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" year="1895">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE927DE313FFD9E8E0D" authority="Hara, 1895: 115" authorityName="Hara" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="1895" box="[144,550,1326,1350]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE927DE313FFEC98E0D" box="[144,369,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Antedon macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE92637313FFD9E8E0D" author="Hara, J." box="[377,550,1326,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="115 - 116" refId="ref4069" refString="Hara, J. 1895. Description of a new species of Comatula Antedon macrodiscus. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 7 (81): 115 - 116." type="journal article" year="1895">Hara, 1895: 115</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B7FFCDFFE9257C313FFD508E0D" author="Clark, A. H." box="[562,744,1326,1350]" page="481" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" year="1908">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE9257C313FFD508E0D" author="Clark, A. H." box="[562,744,1326,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="125 - 136" refId="ref3751" refString="Clark, A. H. 1908. New genera of unstalked crinoids. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21: 125 - 136." type="journal article" year="1908">Clark, 1908: 481</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B7FFCDFFE927E8315EFE038E2D" author="Hara, J. & Y. Okada" box="[166,443,1358,1382]" page="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" year="1921">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE927E8315EFE038E2D" author="Hara, J. & Y. Okada" box="[166,443,1358,1382]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref4099" refString="Hara, J. and Y. Okada. 1921. Two new species of Myzostoma. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 10 (4): 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1921">Hara and Okada, 1921: 33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCDFFE927DE317EFF6D8EED" blockId="2.[144,749,1293,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB701188FFCDFFE927DE317EFF6D8EED" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B7FFCDFFE927DE317EFDE38ECD" author="Clark, A. H." box="[144,603,1390,1414]" page="349" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" year="1907">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE927DE317EFDE38ECD" ID-CoL="8GLG2" authority="Clark, 1907: 349" authorityName="Clark" authorityPageNumber="349" authorityYear="1907" box="[144,603,1390,1414]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE927DE317EFE248ECD" box="[144,412,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Tropiometra macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE926EB317FFDE38ECD" author="Clark, A. H." box="[421,603,1390,1414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="343 - 364" refId="ref3724" refString="Clark, A. H. 1907. New genera of recent free crinoids. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection 50 (29): 343 - 364." type="journal article" year="1907">Clark, 1907: 349</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B7FFCDFFE92526317FFF698EED" author="Clark, A. H." page="316" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" year="1908">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE92526317FFF698EED" author="Clark, A. H." pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="125 - 136" refId="ref3751" refString="Clark, A. H. 1908. New genera of unstalked crinoids. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21: 125 - 136." type="journal article" year="1908">Clark, 1908: 316</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCDFFE927DE31BEFF448EAC" blockId="2.[144,749,1293,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB701188FFCDFFE927DE31BEFF448EAC" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B7FFCDFFE927DE31BEFDAA8E8C" author="Clark, A. H." box="[144,530,1455,1479]" page="315" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" year="1908">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE927DE31BEFDAA8E8C" ID-CoL="8GLFV" authority="Clark, 1908: 315" authorityName="Clark" authorityPageNumber="315" authorityYear="1908" box="[144,530,1455,1479]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE927DE31BEFEF48E8C" box="[144,332,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Tropiometra afra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE9261B31BEFDAA8E8C" author="Clark, A. H." box="[341,530,1455,1479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="125 - 136" refId="ref3751" refString="Clark, A. H. 1908. New genera of unstalked crinoids. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21: 125 - 136." type="journal article" year="1908">Clark, 1908: 315</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 1912: 176;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B7FFCDFFE925D131BEFF408EAC" author="Gislen, T." page="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" year="1934">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE925D131BEFF408EAC" author="Gislen, T." pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref3980" refString="Gislen, T. 1934. A reconstruction problem. Analysis of fossil crinoids from N. America with a survey of all known types of comatulid arm ramifications. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sallskapets, Handlingar, N. F. 45 (11): 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1934">Gislén, 1934: 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCDFFE927DE31E1FEDB8D63" blockId="2.[144,749,1293,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB701188FFCDFFE927DE31E1FEDB8D63" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B7FFCDFFE927DE31E1FD1F8D4C" author="Gislen, T." box="[144,679,1519,1543]" page="90" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" year="1922">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE927DE31E1FD1F8D4C" ID-CoL="8GLG2" authority="Gislen, 1922: 90" authorityName="Gislen" authorityPageNumber="90" authorityYear="1922" box="[144,679,1519,1543]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="afra" variety="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE927DE31E1FEF98D4C" box="[144,321,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Tropiometra afra</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE9263C31FEFE4C8D4C" box="[370,500,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE926B431FEFD1F8D4C" author="Gislen, T." box="[506,679,1519,1543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref3944" refString="Gislen, T. 1922. The crinoids from Dr. S. Bock's expedition to Japan 1914. Nova acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. 4 (6): 1 - 179." type="journal article" year="1922">Gislén, 1922: 90</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B7FFCDFFE925FF31FEFF7B8D63" author="Gislen, T." page="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" year="1922">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE925FF31FEFF7B8D63" author="Gislen, T." pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref3944" refString="Gislen, T. 1922. The crinoids from Dr. S. Bock's expedition to Japan 1914. Nova acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. 4 (6): 1 - 179." type="journal article" year="1922">1922: 44</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 51, 53, 78, 90.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCDFFE927DE3221FD328D03" blockId="2.[144,749,1293,1608]" box="[144,650,1584,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB701188FFCDFFE927DE3221FD328D03" box="[144,650,1584,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B7FFCDFFE927DE3221FD3E8D03" author="Clark, A. H." box="[144,646,1584,1608]" page="272" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" year="1947">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE927DE3221FD3E8D03" ID-CoL="8GLG2" authority="Clark, 1947: 272" authorityName="Clark" authorityPageNumber="272" authorityYear="1947" box="[144,646,1584,1608]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="afra" subSpecies="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE927DE3221FE748D03" box="[144,460,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Tropiometra afra macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE9269D3221FD3E8D03" author="Clark, A. H." box="[467,646,1584,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref3778" refString="Clark, A. H. 1947. A monograph of the existing crinoids, Volume 1. The comatulids. Part 4 b. - Superfamily Mariametrida (concluded the family Colobometridae) and Superfamily Tropiometrida (except the families Thalassometridae and Charitometridae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 82: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1947">Clark, 1947: 272</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A652DFFCDFFE927DE3261FE9B8C41" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCDFFE927DE3261FE9B8C41" blockId="2.[144,749,1648,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE927DE3261FED58DC3" bold="true" box="[144,365,1648,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B083CFBFFCDFFE9263B3260FED48D82" collectingDate="2010-08-03" collectionCode="SCUBA" country="South Korea" latitude="34.890278" location="Busan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.95622" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Busan">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCDFFE9263B3260FE018DC3" box="[373,441,1649,1672]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD2FFFCDFFE9268B3260FDE78DC3" box="[453,607,1648,1673]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, waters adjacent to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4F844FFCDFFE927A83280FE938DE3" box="[230,299,1681,1704]" country="South Korea" name="Busan" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Busan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE545061FFCDFFE926773280FE6D8DE3" box="[313,469,1681,1705]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" precision="1" seconds="25.0" value="34.890278">34°53′25.0″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE545061FFCDFFE926AA3280FD328DE2" box="[484,650,1681,1705]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" precision="1" seconds="22.4" value="128.95622">128°57′22.4″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFDE1066FFCDFFE925D13280FF718D82" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="2010-08-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9AE98EFFCDFFE925D13280FF718D82" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="2010-08-03">Aug 3, 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, with
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE63FFCDFFE9264132A0FED48D82" box="[271,364,1713,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">SCUBA</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B083CFBFFCDFFE9263732A0FEA78C41" collectingDate="2011-10-20" collectionCode="SCUBA" country="Korea" latitude="34.653584" location="Tongyeong" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.57848" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD2FFFCDFFE9263732A0FDA08D82" box="[377,536,1713,1737]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, waters adjacent to
|
||
<location id="8EBF607DFFCDFFE927DE32C3FEBD8DA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987B0FFCDFFEE27DE311FFF4C88E9:8EBF607DFFCDFFE927DE32C3FEBD8DA1" box="[144,261,1746,1770]" country="Korea" latitude="34.653584" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.57848" name="Tongyeong" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Tongyeong</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE545061FFCDFFE9265F32C0FE1C8DA2" box="[273,420,1745,1769]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" precision="1" seconds="12.9" value="34.653584">34°39′12.9″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE545061FFCDFFE926E132C0FDF48DA2" box="[431,588,1745,1769]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" precision="1" seconds="42.5" value="128.57848">128°34′42.5″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFDE1066FFCDFFE9251032C0FD508DA2" box="[606,744,1745,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="2011-10-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9AE98EFFCDFFE9251032C0FD508DA2" box="[606,744,1745,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="2011-10-20">Oct 20, 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, with
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE63FFCDFFE9278A32E3FEA78C41" box="[196,287,1778,1802]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">SCUBA</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A652DFFCDFFE927DE3303FBDE8FAE" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCDFFE927DE3303FC5A8F0F" blockId="2.[144,749,1648,1996]" lastBlockId="2.[809,1416,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE927DE3303FEA28C61" bold="true" box="[144,282,1810,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4F844FFCDFFE9269E3303FDAE8C62" box="[464,534,1810,1833]" country="South Korea" name="Busan" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Busan</collectingRegion>
|
||
; a total of 10 arms,
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE927DE3323FF5E8C01" box="[144,230,1842,1866]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="310.0">310 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Centrodorsal width
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE9254B3323FDE98C01" box="[517,593,1842,1866]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
, height
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE925E73323FD518C01" box="[681,745,1842,1866]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsal pole
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE926583343FEEA8C21" box="[278,338,1874,1898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Centrodorsal, very thick disk with slightly sloping side, middle of dorsal pole clearly concave form. Cirrus sockets arranged in three irregular rows. Cirrus ⅩL
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE63FFCDFFE926EF33A5FE0D8C80" box="[417,437,1972,1995]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">Ⅴ</collectionCode>
|
||
, 32-42 segments,
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE9253533A2FD548C80" box="[635,748,1971,1995]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="35.0">35-50 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, stout and smoothly curved, non-spine development. Terminal claw blunt and short. P
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE92399353CFB588A75" attach="left" box="[1239,1248,301,318]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">1</subScript>
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE923A73534FA8B8A76" box="[1257,1331,293,317]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
|
||
length, 39 segments, slender, non-genital pinnule. P
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE9226E355CFA918A15" attach="left" box="[1312,1321,333,350]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">2</subScript>
|
||
slightly stouter than P
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE924F4357FFBAF8A36" box="[954,1047,358,383]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1.34">
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE924F4357FFC7B8A34" attach="left" box="[954,963,366,383]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">1</subScript>
|
||
, 34 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in length, 40 segments. P
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE92269357FFA888A34" attach="left" box="[1319,1328,366,383]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">3</subScript>
|
||
, similar to P
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE9241C359FFC098AD5" box="[850,945,390,415]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="2.36">
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE9241C359FFCE28AD4" attach="left" box="[850,858,398,415]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">2</subScript>
|
||
, 36 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in length 44 segments. The entire body parts solid and non-flexible, even the pinnules or cirrus. The axillaries nearest to arms very stout, solid, and strong; the terminal parts of arms becoming slender. IBr
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE9226735FEFA8A894B" attach="left" box="[1321,1330,495,512]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">1</subScript>
|
||
longish rectangular shape. IBr
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE92350361EFB9F896B" attach="left" box="[1054,1063,527,544]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">2</subScript>
|
||
(axillaries) broadly pentagonal, low height, and almost triangular. Syzygies occurring between the brachial 3 + 4, 8 + 9, and 13 + 14. The specimen was collected in Tongyeong; 10 arms, robust, and longish. Large stout body. All arms were broken and some regenerated, with a length of
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE9231536B8FB0B898B" box="[1115,1203,681,705]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="210.0">210 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Centrodorsal width
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE9246736D8FCCA89AB" box="[809,882,713,737]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
height
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE9248A36D8FBBA89AB" box="[964,1026,713,737]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsal pole
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE923DC36D8FB7689AB" box="[1170,1230,713,737]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Cirrus sockets arranged in three irregular rows. Cirrus Ⅹ
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE63FFCDFFE9221B36FBFA39884A" box="[1365,1409,746,769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">LIII</collectionCode>
|
||
, 33-41 segments,
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE924A03718FBDC886A" box="[1006,1124,777,801]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="44.0" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="35.0">35-53 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and stout, smoothly curved. In cirrus segments, no opposing spines or dorsal spines. Terminal claws short and curved, and blunt never sharp. P
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE924883763FC7788C8" attach="left" box="[966,975,882,899]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">1</subScript>
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE92496377BFB9A88C9" box="[984,1058,874,898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, 39 segments, slender, and non-genital part. P
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE9236E3783FB3988E9" box="[1056,1153,906,931]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="2.36">
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE9236E3783FB9188E8" attach="left" box="[1056,1065,914,931]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">2</subScript>
|
||
, 36 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in length, 35 segments, slightly stouter than P
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE9234337A3FBAD8888" attach="right" box="[1037,1045,946,963]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">1</subScript>
|
||
. P
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE9237F37A3FB368889" box="[1073,1166,939,963]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.38" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3.38">
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE9237F37A3FB818888" attach="left" box="[1073,1081,946,963]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">3</subScript>
|
||
, 38 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in length, 37 segments, similar to P
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE924EA37C2FC1488AF" attach="left" box="[932,940,979,996]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">2</subScript>
|
||
. IBr
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE9249037C2FC5F88AF" attach="left" box="[990,999,979,996]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">1</subScript>
|
||
longish oblong shape. IBr
|
||
<subScript id="17E434E3FFCDFFE9224F37C2FAB288AF" attach="left" box="[1281,1290,979,996]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">2</subScript>
|
||
(axillaries), similar with triangle-like pentagons with edges against adjacent axillaries, very short. Syzygies shown in 3 + 4 and usually 8 + 9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCDFFE92467305DFA818FEE" blockId="2.[809,1416,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE92467305DFCE68F2F" bold="true" box="[809,862,1100,1124]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Size.</emphasis>
|
||
Arms =
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE924F7305DFBB68F28" box="[953,1038,1100,1124]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="310.0">310 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4F844FFCDFFE92354305DFBE78F2F" box="[1050,1119,1100,1124]" country="South Korea" name="Busan" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Busan</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE923D5305DFB498F28" box="[1179,1265,1100,1124]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="210.0">210 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Tongyeong). Centrodorsal =
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE92483307DFBAE8FCF" box="[973,1046,1132,1156]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4F844FFCDFFE9236D307DFBD08FCF" box="[1059,1128,1132,1156]" country="South Korea" name="Busan" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Busan</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE923E9307DFB488FCF" box="[1191,1264,1132,1156]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Tongyeong). Cirrus =
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE924C8309DFC768FEF" box="[902,974,1164,1188]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4F844FFCDFFE92494309CFBA78FEE" box="[986,1055,1165,1189]" country="South Korea" name="Busan" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Busan</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="4C989B43FFCDFFE92315309DFB1B8FEF" box="[1115,1187,1164,1188]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Tongyeong).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCDFFE9246730BCFBDE8FAE" blockId="2.[809,1416,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE9246730BCFCD78F8E" bold="true" box="[809,879,1197,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
Body yellowish dark brown in 95% ethanol, r- generated parts bright yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A652DFFCDFFE9246730FCFB198E6D" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCDFFE9246730FCFB198E6D" blockId="2.[809,1416,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE9246730FCFC048E4E" bold="true" box="[809,956,1261,1285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCDFFE9248A30FFFBBD8E4E" box="[964,1029,1262,1285]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCDFFE9235C30FCFBED8E4E" box="[1042,1109,1261,1285]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCDFFE923FF30FFFB568E4E" box="[1201,1262,1262,1285]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sagami Bay, Ogasawara Is),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCDFFE92481311CFBA98E6E" box="[975,1041,1293,1317]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCDFFE92352311FFB258E6D" box="[1052,1181,1294,1318]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A652DFFCDFFEE2467313FFF4C88E9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCDFFEF2467313FFDC08E3F" blockId="2.[809,1416,261,1995]" lastBlockId="4.[144,751,1017,1977]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE92467313FFC2E8E0D" bold="true" box="[809,918,1326,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The large crinoids,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE92326313FFABD8E0D" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1907" box="[1128,1285,1326,1350]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE92326313FFABD8E0D" box="[1128,1285,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE92277313FFAC68E0D" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1908" box="[1337,1406,1326,1350]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE92277313FFAC68E0D" box="[1337,1406,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are confused in species-level classification because of their similar morphological characteristics. When
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE92202317EFC668EED" authorityName="Hara" authorityYear="1895" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE92202317EFC668EED" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Antedon macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first recorded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE923FA319EFA888EED" author="Hara, J." box="[1204,1328,1422,1447]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="115 - 116" refId="ref4069" refString="Hara, J. 1895. Description of a new species of Comatula Antedon macrodiscus. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 7 (81): 115 - 116." type="journal article" year="1895">Hara, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it was regarded as a unique species separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE923B231BEFAFE8E8C" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1908" box="[1276,1350,1455,1479]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE923B231BEFAFE8E8C" box="[1276,1350,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">A. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the species level.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE9248C31C1FBFB8EAC" author="Hara, J." box="[962,1091,1487,1511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="115 - 116" refId="ref4069" refString="Hara, J. 1895. Description of a new species of Comatula Antedon macrodiscus. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 7 (81): 115 - 116." type="journal article" year="1895">Hara (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only confused the specimens with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE9241131FEFB8B8D4C" baseAuthorityName="Müller" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[863,1075,1519,1543]" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Amphimetra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="miberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE9241131FEFB8B8D4C" box="[863,1075,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Amphimetra miberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
accepted as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE923F431FEFCE98D63" baseAuthorityName="Müller" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Crinoidea" family="Himerometridae" genus="Amphimetra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellate">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE923F431FEFCE98D63" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Amphimetra tessellate</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of their morphological similarities, such as pinnules, brachials, and intersyzygial interval. The specimens are distinguished by the number of cirri and the presence/absence of spines on cirrus segments. After the establishment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE924AD3280FBDF8DE3" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1907" box="[995,1127,1681,1704]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE924AD3280FBDF8DE3" box="[995,1127,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Tropiometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE923393280FAA58DE2" authorityName="Hara" authorityYear="1895" box="[1143,1309,1681,1705]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE923393280FAA58DE2" box="[1143,1309,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">A. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was synonymized into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE9248332A3FBC88D82" authorityName="Hara" authorityYear="1895" box="[973,1136,1713,1737]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Antedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE9248332A3FBC88D82" box="[973,1136,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE9233132A3FA3E8D82" baseAuthorityName="Hara" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1151,1414,1713,1737]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropimetra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE9233132A3FA3E8D82" box="[1151,1414,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Tropimetra macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from the Sagami Bay in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCDFFE923E332C3FB518DA2" box="[1197,1257,1746,1769]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
were reported in
|
||
<date id="FFDE1066FFCDFFE9240C32E0FC0E8C41" box="[834,950,1777,1802]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" value="1908-04">April 1908</date>
|
||
, and these were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE923A832E3FA948C41" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1908" box="[1254,1324,1778,1802]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE923A832E3FA948C41" box="[1254,1324,1778,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
depending on the ambiguous morphological differences with the specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCDFFE923073323FB118C01" box="[1097,1193,1842,1866]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE923FB3323FA8F8C01" author="Clark, A. H." box="[1205,1335,1842,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="125 - 136" refId="ref3751" refString="Clark, A. H. 1908. New genera of unstalked crinoids. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 21: 125 - 136." type="journal article" year="1908">Clark, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Clark placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE9243D3342FBA88C21" baseAuthorityName="Hara" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[883,1040,1874,1898]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropimetra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE9243D3342FBA88C21" box="[883,1040,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE922403342FAEA8C21" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1908" box="[1294,1362,1874,1898]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE922403342FAEA8C21" box="[1294,1362,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and reported the specimen collected in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCDFFE923843362FAB28CC1" box="[1226,1290,1907,1930]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCDFFE9223C3362FC5E8CE0" authority="(Clark, 1947)" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1947" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCDFFE9223C3362FCEC8CE0" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE924113382FC668CE0" author="Clark, A. H." box="[863,990,1939,1963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref3778" refString="Clark, A. H. 1947. A monograph of the existing crinoids, Volume 1. The comatulids. Part 4 b. - Superfamily Mariametrida (concluded the family Colobometridae) and Superfamily Tropiometrida (except the families Thalassometridae and Charitometridae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 82: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1947">Clark, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCDFFE924A13382FBC38CE0" author="Gislen, T." box="[1007,1147,1939,1963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref3944" refString="Gislen, T. 1922. The crinoids from Dr. S. Bock's expedition to Japan 1914. Nova acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. 4 (6): 1 - 179." type="journal article" year="1922">Gislén (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized the difference between the two species, but suggested that the several different features could be considered as variations that may be due to the intervening territory. At present,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF25C8300BFF6A8F19" baseAuthorityName="Hara" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropimetra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF25C8300BFF6A8F19" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF2647302BFEE98F19" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[265,337,1082,1106]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF2647302BFEE98F19" box="[265,337,1082,1106]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are understood to be different species with extremely different distribution ranges. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF27DE306AFE8A8FD9" baseAuthorityName="Hara" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[144,306,1146,1170]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropimetra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF27DE306AFE8A8FD9" box="[144,306,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from the Sagami Bay reported in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCBFFEF2780308AFEF48FF9" author="Hara, J." box="[206,332,1178,1202]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="115 - 116" refId="ref4069" refString="Hara, J. 1895. Description of a new species of Comatula Antedon macrodiscus. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 7 (81): 115 - 116." type="journal article" year="1895">Hara (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have stouter and larger forms than the specimens recorded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF26CA30ADFE728F98" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[388,458,1211,1235]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF26CA30ADFE728F98" box="[388,458,1211,1235]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and have longer and more numerous cirrus segments. These morphological differences according to the distribution range were emphasized as the basis for the species-level classification, and these differences were identified as the main classification keys for the current
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF262F314CFE5B8E3F" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1907" box="[353,483,1373,1396]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF262F314CFE5B8E3F" box="[353,483,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Tropiometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
classification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1F662EFFCCFFE827E13389FB1E8C83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12753289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753289/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" startId="3.[175,208,1944,1966]" targetBox="[217,1394,261,1912]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCCFFE827E13389FB1E8C83" blockId="3.[175,1445,1944,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCCFFE827E13389FF528CE6" bold="true" box="[175,234,1944,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCCFFE827BE3388FDF78CE5" authority="(Hara, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Hara" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[240,591,1944,1966]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCCFFE827BE3388FE6E8CE6" box="[240,470,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Tropiometra macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCCFFE826913389FDFF8CE5" author="Hara, J." box="[479,583,1944,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="115 - 116" refId="ref4069" refString="Hara, J. 1895. Description of a new species of Comatula Antedon macrodiscus. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 7 (81): 115 - 116." type="journal article" year="1895">Hara, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.(A) Lateral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Aboral view; (D) centrodorsal, axillaries;(E) pinnules;(F) cirrus. AX, axillaries; C, centrodorsal; CS, cirrus socket; RA, regenerated arm; GN, gonad. Scale bars = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1F662EFFCBFFEF27DE3779FE3688F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753291" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12753291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753291/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" startId="4.[144,177,872,894]" targetBox="[344,1213,257,838]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCBFFEF27DE3779FE3688F8" blockId="4.[144,1414,872,947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF27DE3779FF758836" bold="true" box="[144,205,872,894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Neighbor joining tree of the aligned 449 bp partial COI sequences for two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF24CF3779FBD28836" baseAuthorityName="Hara" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[897,1130,872,893]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF24CF3779FBD28836" box="[897,1130,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Tropiometra macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 13 crinoids obtained from GenBank. GenBank accession numbers of the species are provided. Bootstrap resampling values were supported at ≥70. Scale bar represents the genetic distance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCBFFEF27E8316CFA918E7F" blockId="4.[144,751,1017,1977]" lastBlockId="4.[809,1414,1017,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
We compared our specimen with previous descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF27FE318CFEE18EFE" baseAuthorityName="Hara" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[176,345,1437,1461]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF27FE318CFEE18EFE" box="[176,345,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF26DD318CFE678EFE" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[403,479,1437,1461]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF26DD318CFE678EFE" box="[403,479,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our specimens clearly showed differences from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF26D831AFFE628E9E" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[406,474,1469,1493]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF26D831AFFE628E9E" box="[406,474,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCBFFEF252431ACFD558E9E" author="Clark, A. H." box="[618,749,1469,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref3778" refString="Clark, A. H. 1947. A monograph of the existing crinoids, Volume 1. The comatulids. Part 4 b. - Superfamily Mariametrida (concluded the family Colobometridae) and Superfamily Tropiometrida (except the families Thalassometridae and Charitometridae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 82: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1947">Clark (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in characteristics that are the key to the morphological classification of crinoids: 1) long cirrus and arms, 2) more numerous cirrus segments and cirrus quantity, 3) pentagon-shaped axillaries, and 4) no opposing spines on cirrus. In addition, our specimen differs slightly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF2597324EFEAB8DDD" baseAuthorityName="Hara" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF2597324EFEAB8DDD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCBFFEF26EB326EFD948DDC" author="Clark, A. H." box="[421,556,1663,1687]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref3778" refString="Clark, A. H. 1947. A monograph of the existing crinoids, Volume 1. The comatulids. Part 4 b. - Superfamily Mariametrida (concluded the family Colobometridae) and Superfamily Tropiometrida (except the families Thalassometridae and Charitometridae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 82: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1947">Clark (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, whereas it was in accordance with the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF254D32B1FF618D9C" authority="Gislen (1922)" authorityName="Gislen" authorityYear="1922" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF254D32B1FD188DFC" box="[515,672,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCBFFEF25E6328EFF618D9C" author="Gislen, T." pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref3944" refString="Gislen, T. 1922. The crinoids from Dr. S. Bock's expedition to Japan 1914. Nova acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis Ser. 4 (6): 1 - 179." type="journal article" year="1922">Gislén (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the collection sites of the specimens we have were included in the Korean Strait known as the distribution range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF26343311FDA78C53" authorityName="Gislen" authorityYear="1922" box="[378,543,1792,1816]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF26343311FDA78C53" box="[378,543,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCBFFEF25223311FD548C53" box="[620,748,1792,1816]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
northward to the Korean Strait and eastward to the Sagami Bay,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCBFFEF27883350FEBC8C13" box="[198,260,1857,1880]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Bonin Islands), distinct from the distribution range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF26163370FE188C33" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[344,416,1888,1912]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF26163370FE188C33" box="[344,416,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCBFFEF26E33371FD9F8C33" box="[429,551,1888,1912]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southward to Bowen, Queensland, and to Fremantle and Geraldton, Western Australia). In the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF250533B3FC148F5A" authority="Clark (1947)" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1947" box="[587,940,1017,1977]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF250533B3FD548CF2" box="[587,748,1953,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCBFFEF246737E8FC148F5A" author="Clark, A. H." box="[809,940,1017,1041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref3778" refString="Clark, A. H. 1947. A monograph of the existing crinoids, Volume 1. The comatulids. Part 4 b. - Superfamily Mariametrida (concluded the family Colobometridae) and Superfamily Tropiometrida (except the families Thalassometridae and Charitometridae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 82: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1947">Clark (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the specimens from the Korean Strait showed that the length of the arms was not longer and the number of cirri was less than that of the other specimens. Our specimens were similar to specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCBFFEF225D304BFAEC8F39" box="[1299,1364,1114,1138]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCBFFEF2467306AFCD08FD9" box="[809,872,1147,1170]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Therefore, we presumed that our specimens were mature in accordance with obviously long arms and numerous cirri, and we concluded that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF23AA30ADFA3E8F98" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1947" box="[1252,1414,1211,1235]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF23AA30ADFA3E8F98" box="[1252,1414,1211,1235]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCBFFEF24F030CAFBFE8FB8" author="Clark, A. H." box="[958,1094,1243,1267]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref3778" refString="Clark, A. H. 1947. A monograph of the existing crinoids, Volume 1. The comatulids. Part 4 b. - Superfamily Mariametrida (concluded the family Colobometridae) and Superfamily Tropiometrida (except the families Thalassometridae and Charitometridae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 82: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1947">Clark (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are possibly immature specimens, i.e., the length of the arm is shorter than that of our specimens and the slightly fewer number of cirri.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCBFFEE2471312DFD1A89EB" blockId="4.[809,1414,1017,1977]" lastBlockId="5.[174,779,261,930]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
In the phylogenetic analysis, 15 COI sequences from nine crinoids belonging to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF2394314DFA3D8E3F" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1908" box="[1242,1413,1372,1396]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Tropiometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were used for species molecular identification. Pairwise distances ranged from 0.0% to 26.1% within the nine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF246731ACFC698E9E" authorityName="AH Clark" authorityYear="1908" box="[809,977,1469,1493]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Tropiometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The intraspecific variation for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF246731CFFC6C8EBE" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1947" box="[809,980,1501,1525]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF246731CFFC6C8EBE" box="[809,980,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE63FFCBFFEF24AC31CCFBB58EBE" box="[994,1037,1501,1525]" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">MT</collectionCode>
|
||
086599,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE63FFCBFFEF233C31CCFB238EBE" box="[1138,1179,1501,1525]" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">MT</collectionCode>
|
||
086600 from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCBFFEF227731CFFA388EBE" box="[1337,1408,1502,1525]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
; JX236097 from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCBFFEF249431EFFBA08D5D" box="[986,1048,1534,1558]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF231831EFFB268D5D" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[1110,1182,1534,1558]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF231831EFFB268D5D" box="[1110,1182,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(GU327867 from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCBFFEF222831EFFCE98D7D" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
) ranged from 0.0% to 0.9% (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E2031DFFCBFFEF23C1320FFB598D7D" box="[1167,1249,1566,1590]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[834,886,824,849]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Table 1. Pairwise genetic distances between 449 bp of mitochondrial COI sequences according to phylogenetic calculations performed using" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). According to our molecular data,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF234B322EFBF78D1D" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[1029,1103,1598,1622]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF234B322EFBF78D1D" box="[1029,1103,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCBFFEF2399322EFAAC8D1D" box="[1239,1300,1599,1622]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
should be considered as same species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF2325324EFAAB8D3D" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1947" box="[1131,1299,1630,1654]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF2325324EFAAB8D3D" box="[1131,1299,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The COI sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF24FC326EFC428DDC" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[946,1018,1663,1687]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF24FC326EFC428DDC" box="[946,1018,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(GU327867 from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCBFFEF238B326EFABB8DDC" box="[1221,1283,1663,1687]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
) was reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCBFFEF243F328EFB848DFC" author="Rouse, G. W. & L. S. Jermiin & N. G. Wilson & I. Eeckhaut & D. Lanterbecq & T. Oji & C. M. Young & T. Browning & P. Cisternas & L. E. Helgen & M. Stuckey & C. G. Messing" box="[881,1084,1695,1719]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="161 - 181" refId="ref4452" refString="Rouse, G. W., L. S. Jermiin, N. G. Wilson, I. Eeckhaut, D. Lanterbecq, T. Oji, C. M. Young, T. Browning, P. Cisternas, L. E. Helgen, M. Stuckey and C. G. Messing. 2013. Fixed, free, and fixed: the fickle phylogeny of extant Crinoidea (Echinodermata) and their Permian-Triassic origin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (1): 161 - 181." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Rouse
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF24F732B1FC578DFC" box="[953,1007,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCBFFEF2308328EFAB48DFC" author="Rouse, G. W. & L. S. Jermiin & N. G. Wilson & I. Eeckhaut & D. Lanterbecq & T. Oji & C. M. Young & T. Browning & P. Cisternas & L. E. Helgen & M. Stuckey & C. G. Messing" box="[1094,1292,1695,1719]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="161 - 181" refId="ref4452" refString="Rouse, G. W., L. S. Jermiin, N. G. Wilson, I. Eeckhaut, D. Lanterbecq, T. Oji, C. M. Young, T. Browning, P. Cisternas, L. E. Helgen, M. Stuckey and C. G. Messing. 2013. Fixed, free, and fixed: the fickle phylogeny of extant Crinoidea (Echinodermata) and their Permian-Triassic origin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (1): 161 - 181." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Rouse
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF23C032B1FB7B8DFC" box="[1166,1219,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only determined the molecular phylogeny status of extant crinoids, and we could not find any information on the morphological description of the source of the sequence. The only additional information available in the paper is the collection site of the specimen. However, the paper was accepted on
|
||
<date id="FFDE1066FFCBFFEF24363371FB888C32" box="[888,1072,1888,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" value="2012-09">September 2012</date>
|
||
, and the corresponding author noticed descriptive notes by personal communication for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCBFFEF246733B3FBBD8CF2" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1947" box="[809,1029,1953,1977]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="afra" subSpecies="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCBFFEF246733B3FBBD8CF2" box="[809,1029,1953,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">T. afra macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in World Register of Marine Species (Worms, https://www.marinespecies.org/) that the two subspecies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCAFFEE26123537FE6D8A76" baseAuthorityName="Hartlaub" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[348,469,293,317]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="afra" subSpecies="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCAFFEE26123537FE6D8A76" box="[348,469,293,317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">T. afra afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCAFFEE25443537FD658A76" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1947" box="[522,733,293,317]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="afra" subSpecies="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCAFFEE25443537FD658A76" box="[522,733,293,317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">T. afra macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are distinct enough to separate species based on molecular data on
|
||
<date id="FFDE1066FFCAFFEE26473577FE288A35" box="[265,400,358,382]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="2013-06-06">6 June 2013</date>
|
||
(Unpublished data, accessed on
|
||
<date id="FFDE1066FFCAFFEE25B33577FED98AD5" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="2021-11-04">4 November 2021</date>
|
||
). Moreover,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCAFFEE26A23597FDCC8AD5" author="Clark, A. H." box="[492,628,390,414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref3778" refString="Clark, A. H. 1947. A monograph of the existing crinoids, Volume 1. The comatulids. Part 4 b. - Superfamily Mariametrida (concluded the family Colobometridae) and Superfamily Tropiometrida (except the families Thalassometridae and Charitometridae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 82: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1947">Clark (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded that the significant classification key for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCAFFEE250A35B6FD368AF5" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[580,654,422,446]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCAFFEE250A35B6FD368AF5" box="[580,654,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCAFFEE278435D6FEFA8A94" box="[202,322,455,479]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCAFFEE263935D6FE648A94" box="[375,476,455,479]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCAFFEE255B35D6FD0E8A95" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1947" box="[533,694,454,478]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCAFFEE255B35D6FD0E8A95" box="[533,694,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCAFFEE264E35F6FE398AB4" box="[256,385,487,511]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCAFFEE26C335F6FE778AB4" box="[397,463,487,511]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777636FFCAFFEE254735F6FDFE8AB5" box="[521,582,487,510]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
is the distribution range. Therefore, some questions remain regarding the specimens used in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B57FFCAFFEE26C83639FDD9890B" author="Rouse, G. W. & L. S. Jermiin & N. G. Wilson & I. Eeckhaut & D. Lanterbecq & T. Oji & C. M. Young & T. Browning & P. Cisternas & L. E. Helgen & M. Stuckey & C. G. Messing" box="[390,609,551,576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" pagination="161 - 181" refId="ref4452" refString="Rouse, G. W., L. S. Jermiin, N. G. Wilson, I. Eeckhaut, D. Lanterbecq, T. Oji, C. M. Young, T. Browning, P. Cisternas, L. E. Helgen, M. Stuckey and C. G. Messing. 2013. Fixed, free, and fixed: the fickle phylogeny of extant Crinoidea (Echinodermata) and their Permian-Triassic origin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (1): 161 - 181." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Rouse
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCAFFEE269A3639FDB68974" box="[468,526,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The specimen collection site location belongs to the distribution range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCAFFEE27823678FED589CB" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1947" box="[204,365,616,640]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCAFFEE27823678FED589CB" box="[204,365,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it makes us to consider that their specimen might be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCAFFEE26303698FDA689EB" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1947" box="[382,542,648,672]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCAFFEE26303698FDA689EB" box="[382,542,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCAFFEE251A3698FD2289EB" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[596,666,648,672]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCAFFEE251A3698FD2289EB" box="[596,666,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A6FFCAFFEE278B36B9FF4C88E9" blockId="5.[174,779,261,930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The COI sequences of 657 bp obtained in this study were registered in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE63FFCAFFEE26EC36D8FE5989AA" box="[418,481,713,737]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">NCBI</collectionCode>
|
||
GenBank database (https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) under accession numbers
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE63FFCAFFEE27E03718FF6F886A" box="[174,215,777,801]" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">MT</collectionCode>
|
||
086599 (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4F844FFCAFFEE26793718FEC6886A" box="[311,382,777,801]" country="South Korea" name="Busan" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Busan</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE63FFCAFFEE268F3718FE52886A" box="[449,490,777,801]" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">MT</collectionCode>
|
||
086600 (Tongyeong). Our results will be useful for examining the molecular phylogenetic relationships of crinoids and establishing genetic differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCAFFEE26DB377AFD8488C9" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1947" box="[405,572,874,898]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="macrodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCAFFEE26DB377AFD8488C9" box="[405,572,874,898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">T. macrodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D25FFCAFFEE2538377AFD7988C9" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1947" box="[630,705,874,898]" class="Crinoidea" family="Tropiometridae" genus="Tropiometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="afra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAB4FFCAFFEE2538377AFD7988C9" box="[630,705,874,898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">T. afra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |