treatments-xml/data/03/C9/6F/03C96F50FFA9FFC275DFE583FCF7C47F.xml
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<mods:title id="D4B3B97B21EDD7BF98BDDE4D79979F9D">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E6657CF785976FB90A94C71692BB5BF2">Renaudie, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFA9FFC275DFE583FE09C172" box="[151,462,500,526]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC275DFE583FE09C172" blockId="58.[151,462,500,562]" box="[151,462,500,526]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFA9FFC275DFE583FE43C172" authority="Trubovitz, Renaudie, Lazarus &amp; Noble, 2022" box="[151,388,500,526]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="ikiryo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC275DFE583FE43C172" box="[151,388,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lophophaena ikiryo</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC274C4E583FE09C172" bold="true" box="[396,462,500,526]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFA9FFC274C4E583FE09C172" box="[396,462,500,526]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFA9FFC275DFE66FFCBEC113" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC275DFE66FFE43C14E" blockId="58.[151,462,500,562]" box="[151,388,536,562]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Plate 32,
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFA9FFC27448E66FFEA7C14E" box="[256,352,536,562]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFA9FFC2743AE66FFE47C14E" box="[370,384,536,562]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox="[178,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-22@24.[177,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Internal skeletal structure of Botryopera amabie n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544074/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">8</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFA9FFC275D6E601FC7AC1B7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC275D6E601FC53C1F1" blockId="58.[151,1029,599,716]" box="[158,916,630,654]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFA9FFC275D6E601FCDCC1F2" authority="Haeckel, Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1987" authorityName="Haeckel, Boltovskoy and Riedel" authorityYear="1987" box="[158,795,630,654]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="thoracites">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC275D6E601FE4DC1F2" box="[158,394,630,654]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lithomelissa thoracites</emphasis>
Haeckel,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFA9FFC274B9E601FCDCC1F2" author="Boltovskoy, D. &amp; Riedel, W. R." box="[497,795,630,654]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="65 - 104" refId="ref86308" refString="Boltovskoy, D. &amp; Riedel, W. R. (1987) Polycystine Radiolaria of the California current region: Seasonal and geographic patterns. Marine Micropaleontology, 12 (1), 65 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0377 - 8398 (87) 90014 - 4" type="journal article" year="1987">Boltovskoy and Riedel, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 4, fig. 7
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC275DFE6E3FBC2C1D0" blockId="58.[151,1029,599,716]" box="[151,1029,660,685]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
unknown plagonid group C sp 8, partim.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFA9FFC27776E6E3FCDBC1D1" author="Trubovitz, S. &amp; Lazarus, D. &amp; Renaudie, J. &amp; Noble, P. J." box="[574,796,660,685]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. &amp; Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
Trubovitz
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC277E0E6E2FD27C1D0" box="[680,736,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.,</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
, supplementary data 7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC275DFE6C4FC7AC1B7" blockId="58.[151,1029,599,716]" box="[151,957,691,716]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
unknown plagonid group C sp 54,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFA9FFC274BEE6C4FD13C1B7" author="Trubovitz, S. &amp; Lazarus, D. &amp; Renaudie, J. &amp; Noble, P. J." box="[502,724,691,715]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. &amp; Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
Trubovitz
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC27717E6C3FD5FC1B7" box="[607,664,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.,</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
, supplementary data 7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFA9FFC275DFE68EFB67C04B" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC275DFE68EFB67C04B" blockId="58.[151,1437,761,1796]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC275DFE68EFED5C06F" bold="true" box="[151,274,761,787]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFA9FFC2745FE68EFE76C06F" authorityName="Ehrenberg, 1847 emend. Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[279,433,761,787]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC2745FE68EFE76C06F" box="[279,433,761,787]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lophophaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a large, sub-rectangular cephalis that tends to be increasingly hyaline towards the top and has a thorax with long, conical appendages extending from the dorsal and lateral spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFA9FFC2758FE736FD26C74F" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC2758FE736FD26C74F" blockId="58.[151,1437,761,1796]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC2758FE736FE9EC027" bold="true" box="[199,345,833,859]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Description.</emphasis>
This species has a relatively large cephalis that is somewhat rectangular in shape, with slightly flattened sides. Pore size decreases from the neck to the apex of the cephalis, and in many cases the top ⅓ of the cephalis can be hyaline. The apical spine is subdued, barely extending from the top of the dorsal side of the cephalis. However, it forms a strong indentation where it runs along the wall of the cephalis, and appears to be pinched inwards. The largest pores on the skeleton occur around the neck area. The thorax is slightly more broad than the cephalis, and exhibits strong appendages extending from the dorsal and lateral spines. These spines are conical, and tend to be significantly thicker than the apical spine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFA9FFC2758FE04AFE29C677" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC2758FE04AFE29C677" blockId="58.[151,1437,761,1796]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC2758FE04AFEFCC72B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1085,1111]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFA9FFC2772AE04AFCA4C72B" box="[610,867,1085,1111]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="thoracites">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC2772AE04AFCA4C72B" box="[610,867,1085,1111]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Peromelissa thoracites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pl. 38,
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFA9FFC2768CE04AFBE1C72B" box="[964,1062,1085,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,562,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-182@18.[164,1422,561,1294]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorys umbellifera (Haeckel, 1862) Petrushevskaya, 1971." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544072/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figs. 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFA9FFC2717EE04AFB96C72B" box="[1078,1105,1085,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1263,1287]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,418,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-130@40.[164,1423,417,1240]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 10. Internal skeletal structure of Lithomelissa alkonost n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544078/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">10</figureCitation>
) in that it is much larger, and the top of the cephalis tends to be hyaline or nearly so. It also has a consistently poorly developed apical horn, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFA9FFC275B4E0F2FE38C7E3" box="[252,511,1157,1183]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="thoracites">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC275B4E0F2FE38C7E3" box="[252,511,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Peromelissa thoracites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually has an apical horn of approximately the same strength as the dorsal and lateral spines on the thorax. The ranges of these two species overlap slightly, but
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFA9FFC27157E0DDFBBAC7BF" box="[1055,1149,1193,1219]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="ikiryo">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC27157E0DDFBBAC7BF" box="[1055,1149,1193,1219]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">L. ikiryo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was restricted to the Late Miocene—Early Pliocene, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFA9FFC27765E0B9FD7EC79B" box="[557,697,1229,1255]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="thoracites">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC27765E0B9FD7EC79B" box="[557,697,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">P. thoracites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was present from the Latest Miocene—Recent, reaching greatest abundances in the Pleistocene.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFA9FFC27586E162FAA6C533" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC27586E162FE26C60B" blockId="58.[151,1437,761,1796]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC27586E162FE7DC653" bold="true" box="[206,442,1301,1327]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D6615CFFFA9FFC2748BE162FD9AC653" box="[451,605,1301,1328]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="generic">50 specimens</specimenCount>
observed from samples 321-1337A-16H-
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(Late Miocene), 321-1337A-14H-7,
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(Late Miocene), 321-1337A-12H-5,
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFA9FFC27637E14EFC20C62F" box="[895,999,1337,1363]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="cm" value="24.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="23.0">2326cm</quantity>
(Late Miocene), and 321-1337A-10H-2,
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(Early Pliocene).
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B08D41BFFA9FFC2758FE1F6FB4FC6E7" box="[199,1160,1409,1435]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="321-1337A-14H-7" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC2758FE1F6FEFCC6E7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1409,1435]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFA9FFC2758FE1F6FEF1C6E7" box="[199,310,1409,1435]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Pl. 32, figs. 4AB; sample
<specimenCode id="DBC6763DFFA9FFC27739E1F6FC82C6E7" box="[625,837,1409,1435]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">321-1337A-14H-7</specimenCode>
,
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; ECO-138; E37-1
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC2758FE1D2FAA6C533" blockId="58.[151,1437,761,1796]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC2758FE1D2FE81C6C3" bold="true" box="[199,326,1445,1471]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFA9FFC2758FE1D2FE86C6C3" box="[199,321,1445,1471]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
(1) Pl. 32, fig. 9; sample 321-1337A-12H-5,
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; ECO-137; C3-3. (2) Pl. 32, figs. 1AB; sample 321-1337A-14H-7,
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; ECO-140; L33-4. (3) Pl. 32, figs. 3AB; sample 321-1337A-16H-
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; ECO-142; K4-2. (4) Pl. 32, figs. 6AB; sample 321-1337A-16H-
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; ECO-143; SS7-1. (5) Pl. 32, fig. 8; sample 321-1337A-16H-
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; ECO-143;
<collectionCode id="ED714683FFA9FFC2764DE266FCDDC557" box="[773,794,1553,1579]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">R</collectionCode>
47-2. (6) Pl. 32, figs. 5AB; sample 321-1337A-16H-
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; ECO-143; F33-1. (7) Pl. 32, figs. 7AB; sample 321-1337A-14H-7,
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; ECO-138; J41-1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFA9FFC2758FE22EFCEFC5EB" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC2758FE22EFCEFC5EB" blockId="58.[151,1437,761,1796]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC2758FE22EFEB9C50F" bold="true" box="[199,382,1625,1651]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Measurements.</emphasis>
Cephalis height 5159 (55)μm; cephalis width 4149 (44)μm; neck width 3240 (37)μm; width at shoulders 4862 (52)μm. Based on
<specimenCount id="9D6615CFFFA9FFC277C0E20AFCE4C5EB" box="[648,803,1661,1687]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFA9FFC27586E2D6FE8DC5A3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC27586E2D6FE8DC5A3" blockId="58.[151,1437,761,1796]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC27586E2D6FE92C5C7" bold="true" box="[206,341,1697,1723]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for the ghostly spirits of living people that temporarily leave their bodies in Japanese folklore, Ikiryô.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFA9FFC27586E29EFCF7C47F" box="[206,816,1769,1796]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFA9FFC27586E29EFCF7C47F" blockId="58.[151,1437,761,1796]" box="[206,816,1769,1796]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9140254FFA9FFC27586E29EFEE6C47F" bold="true" box="[206,289,1769,1795]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Range.</emphasis>
Late Miocene—Pliocene in the EEP (
<tableCitation id="C6E2EBFDFFA9FFC27784E29EFCD8C47F" box="[716,799,1769,1795]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="84.[151,248,834,860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="TABLE 1. Occurrence chart of Late NeogeneRecent lophophaenids in the EEP." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1F8ECEFFC7FFAC75DFE735FB46C021" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="DF1F8ECEFFC7FFAC75DFE735FB46C021">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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