284 lines
32 KiB
XML
284 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="0B4C7B023962B3FBEB50FF8E9063B01A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5160.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10544058" ID-ZooBank="A9179C79-EE43-44E4-8723-919505500049" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1656928390227" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trubovitz, Sarah, Renaudie, Johan, Lazarus, David & Noble, Paula" docDate="2022" docId="03C96F50FF87FFED75DFE687FCD2C165" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5160.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5160 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5160.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Arachnocorys pentacantha subsp. wanii, n. subsp." docType="treatment" docUuid="7E6BF77B-06FF-4793-8326-6554CC6B0823" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFF01728FF93FFF87548E477FFC7C37C" masterDocTitle="Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1705931330204" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="77EDA663FF5F33FD1A70FB16F0FD556B">
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<mods:title id="93F125B5F6375127CA5A694947E48D27">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5406918D5A5534659352029D2ACDCA66">Trubovitz, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="643781E4091EA2F5D580654ADF21937C">Renaudie, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33F5910C7BF621AFF6168071DD713BF1">Lazarus, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="02F8451EC58112EC4BCFAA8A87103B0A">Noble, Paula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="91CC6A21B18755C006A23428221244AE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7B9E90B955D4BE4C04174C12694184B0">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8369C9337DD90A35D87227C7FE53D736">2022-07-04</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="1982BE545A03EF037B62E79804BF81C9">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5160.1.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03C96F50FF87FFED75DFE687FCD2C165" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10543519" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10543519" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7E6BF77B-06FF-4793-8326-6554CC6B0823" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C96F50FF87FFED75DFE687FCD2C165" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF87FFEC75DFE687FD55C076" box="[151,658,752,778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF87FFEC75DFE687FD55C076" blockId="20.[151,658,752,815]" box="[151,658,752,778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC75DFE687FDDBC076" authority="Trubovitz, Renaudie, Lazarus & Noble, 2022" box="[151,540,752,778]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="pentacantha" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="wanii">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC75DFE687FDDBC076" box="[151,540,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arachnocorys pentacantha wanii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC776CE687FD55C076" bold="true" box="[548,658,752,778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFF87FFEC776CE687FD55C076" box="[548,658,752,778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="subSpecies">n. subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF87FFEC75DFE763FCAFC00C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF87FFEC75DFE763FE4EC052" blockId="20.[151,658,752,815]" box="[151,393,788,815]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Plate 5,
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FF87FFEC75BAE763FE96C052" box="[242,337,788,814]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
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–
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FF87FFEC742AE763FE42C052" box="[354,389,788,814]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,562,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-182@18.[164,1422,561,1294]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorys umbellifera (Haeckel, 1862) Petrushevskaya, 1971." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544072/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">7B</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF87FFEC75DFE72FFCAFC00C" blockId="20.[151,972,856,942]" box="[151,872,856,880]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<uri id="FFF1D244FF87FFEC75DFE72FFCAFC00C" box="[151,872,856,880]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFC6E493FF87FFEC74C6E72FFCAFC00C" box="[398,872,856,880]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">7E6BF77B-06FF-4793-8326-6554CC6B0823</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF87FFEC75DFE700FC0BC0D1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF87FFEC75DFE700FCBFC0F3" blockId="20.[151,972,856,942]" box="[151,888,887,911]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC75DFE700FD68C0F3" authority="Petrushevskaya, 1971" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,687,887,911]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC75DFE700FEE2C0F3" box="[151,293,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7404E700FE0EC0F3" box="[332,457,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">pentacantha</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF87FFEC7498E700FD68C0F3" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[464,687,887,911]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 65, figs. 10–11.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF87FFEC75DFE7E1FC0BC0D1" blockId="20.[151,972,856,942]" box="[151,972,918,942]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC75DFE7E1FE0EC0D2" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,457,918,942]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC75DFE7E1FEE2C0D2" box="[151,293,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7404E7E1FE0EC0D2" box="[332,457,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">pentacantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 3
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF87FFEC774DE7E1FD24C0D2" author="Trubovitz, S. & Lazarus, D. & Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J." box="[517,739,918,942]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Trubovitz
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7727E7E0FD60C0D2" box="[623,679,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.,</emphasis>
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2020
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</bibRefCitation>
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, supplementary data 7.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF87FFEC75DFE7A9FBDFC762" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF87FFEC75DFE7A9FBDFC762" blockId="20.[151,1437,990,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC75DFE7A9FED5C084" bold="true" box="[151,274,990,1016]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC74F2E7A8FD2FC085" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[442,744,991,1017]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC74F2E7A8FD2FC085" box="[442,744,991,1017]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arachnocorys pentacantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that has a relatively larger and wider cephalis than the typical form, and a thorax that attaches relatively lower toward the base of the cephalis.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF87FFEC758FE05EFDF7C782" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF87FFEC758FE05EFDF7C782" blockId="20.[151,1437,990,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC758FE05EFE9EC73F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1065,1091]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description.</emphasis>
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This subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC777FE05EFCA1C73F" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[567,870,1065,1091]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC777FE05EFCA1C73F" box="[567,870,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arachnocorys pentacantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has consistently larger measurements and a larger cephalis:thorax ratio. It also has the thorax attachment relatively lower on the cephalis than typical in
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC71BCE038FEE6C7F2" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="pentacantha" subSpecies="pentacantha">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC71BCE038FEE6C7F2" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. pentacantha pentacantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. While
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC74CAE003FD88C7F2" box="[386,591,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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A. p.
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC748DE003FD88C7F2" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[453,591,1140,1166]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">pentacantha</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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often has arches of the thorax reaching the upper third of cephalis, this subspecies has arches reaching only the lower third of the cephalis. In the material used for this study, we observed an average cephalis height of 59 microns for
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC77CEE0C8FCC3C7A4" box="[646,772,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. p. wanii,</emphasis>
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whereas typical
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC76F5E0C8FB47C7A5" box="[957,1152,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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A. p.
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC76BEE0C8FB47C7A5" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1014,1152,1215,1241]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">pentacantha</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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specimens had a cephalis height of approximately 45 microns.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF87FFEC758FE17EFE64C4E2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF87FFEC758FE17EFE64C4E2" blockId="20.[151,1437,990,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC758FE17EFEFCC65F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1289,1315]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This form was first recognized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF87FFEC7792E17EFC1AC65F" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[730,989,1289,1315]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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||
as
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC7140E17EFAA6C65F" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1032,1377,1289,1315]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7140E17EFB62C65F" box="[1032,1189,1289,1315]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC719FE17EFAA6C65F" box="[1239,1377,1289,1315]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">pentacantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. She illustrated it beside
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC7433E158FD6BC635" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[379,684,1327,1353]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7433E158FD6BC635" box="[379,684,1327,1353]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arachnocorys pentacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to show its relatively larger size. In her emendation of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC707AE158FEAAC612" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC707AE158FEAEC612" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">Arachnocorys pentacantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
she determined that the cephalis height of this species is between 35–45 microns. By contrast, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC7589E10EFDD2C6EF" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[193,533,1401,1427]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7589E10EFE99C6EF" box="[193,350,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC74C3E10EFDD2C6EF" box="[395,533,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">pentacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form she identified has a cephalis height of approximately 60 microns. She did not mention observing any specimens with intermediate dimensions, suggesting that they could be different taxa.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF87FFEC75DFE1B3FE50C6A2" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[151,407,1476,1502]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC7700E1B3FC5DC6A2" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[584,922,1476,1502]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7700E1B3FD22C6A2" box="[584,741,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7658E1B3FC5DC6A2" box="[784,922,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">pentacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in that it has smaller gaps between the cephalis and thorax, and the pores on the anterior side of the cephalis are proportionally smaller. In our material, many specimens similar to Petrushevskaya’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC77E9E278FC3DC555" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[673,1018,1551,1577]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC77E9E278FCF9C555" box="[673,830,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7638E278FC3DC555" box="[880,1018,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">pentacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed. The cephalis height of these specimens averaged 59 microns, ranging between 54–67 microns, making it approximately the same size as Petrushevskaya’s specimens. Some specimens had relatively smaller pores on the anterior side of the cephalis whereas others did not, suggesting that this may be a developmental feature and should not be used to strictly distinguish this subspecies from classic
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7714E2D3FCE4C5C2" box="[604,803,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
A. p.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC77D1E2D3FCE4C5C2" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[665,803,1700,1726]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">pentacantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Another difference between
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC713BE2D3FAFCC5C2" box="[1139,1339,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
A. p.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC71F9E2D3FAFCC5C2" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1201,1339,1700,1726]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">pentacantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and this new subspecies, is that the apical horn protrudes near the cephalis maximum height in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7123E2BDFAFEC59F" box="[1131,1337,1737,1764]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
A. p.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC71EFE2BEFAF3C59F" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1191,1332,1737,1763]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">pentacantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
whereas in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC75FCE298FEEAC474" box="[180,301,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. p. wanii</emphasis>
|
||
n. subsp., the apical horn tends to depart from the wall of the cephalis before it reaches its maximum height. A few specimens were observed that did not neatly fit into the classic concept of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7137E363FA82C452" box="[1151,1349,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
A. p.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF87FFEC71F3E363FA82C452" authorityName="Popofsky, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1211,1349,1812,1838]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pentacantha">pentacantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
nor the new subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC7406E34DFE4BC42F" box="[334,396,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">wanii</emphasis>
|
||
; they exhibited a cephalis height between ~45 and 55 microns. Because of these somewhat intermediate forms, we are establishing a subspecies rather than a new species until the range of variability can be confidently determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF87FFED758FE3DEFD04C2F5" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF87FFED758FE3DEFD44C3A9" blockId="20.[151,1437,990,2025]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF87FFEC758FE3DEFE73C4BF" bold="true" box="[199,436,1961,1987]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
64 specimens from samples 321-1337A-6H-3, 29–32cm (Late Pliocene), 321-1337A-5H-5, 11–14cm (Late Pliocene), 321-1337A-4H-6, 115–118cm (Early Pleistocene), 321-1337A-4H-2, 16–19cm (Middle Pleistocene), 321-1337A-3H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FF86FFED770CE4E0FD25C3CD" box="[580,738,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.40515" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="0.2103" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="54.0515" valueMax="106.0" valueMin="2.103">2, 103–106cm</quantity>
|
||
(Middle Pleistocene), 321-1337A-2H-3,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FF86FFED71E5E4E0FAD1C3CD" box="[1197,1302,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="77.5" valueMax="79.0" valueMin="76.0">76–79cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Pleistocene), 321-1337D-1H-1,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FF86FFED7480E4CCFDD3C3A9" box="[456,532,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.0">0–3cm</quantity>
|
||
(Recent).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF86FFED758FE4A8FBB2C385" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,537]" box="[199,1141,222,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B08D41BFF86FFED758FE4A8FBB6C385" box="[199,1137,222,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="sample 321-1337A-4H-2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF86FFED758FE4A8FEFCC385" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FF86FFED758FE4A8FEF1C385" box="[199,310,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pl. 5,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FF86FFED74CBE4A8FDC0C385" box="[387,519,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 1A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC6763DFF86FFED775BE4A8FCE8C385" box="[531,815,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sample 321-1337A-4H-2</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FF86FFED7672E4A8FC61C385" box="[826,934,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="17.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="16.0">16–19cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-127; P21-1
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF86FFED758FE574FD04C2F5" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF86FFED758FE574FE81C261" bold="true" box="[199,326,259,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FF86FFED758FE574FE86C261" box="[199,321,259,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Pl. 5, figs. 3A–B; sample 321-1337A-3H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FF86FFED7600E574FC2EC261" box="[840,1001,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.40515" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="0.2103" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="54.0515" valueMax="106.0" valueMin="2.103">2, 103–106cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-126; G2-2. (2) Pl. 5, figs. 6A–B; sample 321-1337A-3H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FF86FFED74EAE550FD86C23D" box="[418,577,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.40515" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="0.2103" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="54.0515" valueMax="106.0" valueMin="2.103">2, 103–106cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-126; J42-3. (3) Pl. 5, figs. 7A-B; sample 321-1337A-3H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FF86FFED71B1E550FA5FC23D" box="[1273,1432,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.40515" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="0.2103" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="54.0515" valueMax="106.0" valueMin="2.103">2, 103–106cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-126; Y4-3. (4) Pl. 5, fig. 5; sample 321-1337A-4H-2,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FF86FFED766FE53CFC55C219" box="[807,914,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="17.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="16.0">16–19cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-127; P19-3. (5) Pl. 5, figs. 2A-B; sample 321-1337A-3H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FF86FFED7406E518FE28C2F5" box="[334,495,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.40515" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="0.2103" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="54.0515" valueMax="106.0" valueMin="2.103">2, 103–106cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-126; D37-3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF86FFED7586E5E4FA95C2AD" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF86FFED7586E5E4FA95C2AD" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF86FFED7586E5E4FE42C2D1" bold="true" box="[206,389,403,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Height of cephalis 64–67 (59)μm; maximum width of cephalis 42–50 (47)μm; width of thorax at emergence of primary spines, approximately the maximum width 53–63 (59)μm. Based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6615CFFF86FFED71FAE5C0FA8AC2AD" box="[1202,1357,439,465]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF86FFED7586E5ACFC4EC289" box="[206,905,475,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF86FFED7586E5ACFC4EC289" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,537]" box="[206,905,475,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF86FFED7586E5ACFE92C289" bold="true" box="[206,341,475,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for the Japanese sea monster yokai, Wani.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF86FFED758FE588FCD2C165" box="[199,789,511,537]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF86FFED758FE588FCD2C165" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,537]" box="[199,789,511,537]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF86FFED758FE588FEDDC165" bold="true" box="[199,282,511,537]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Late Pliocene—Recent in the EEP (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E2EBFDFF86FFED77F8E588FCC3C165" box="[688,772,511,537]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="84.[151,248,834,860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="TABLE 1. Occurrence chart of Late Neogene–Recent lophophaenids in the EEP." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1F8ECEFFC7FFAC75DFE735FB46C021" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableUuid="DF1F8ECEFFC7FFAC75DFE735FB46C021">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |