942 lines
131 KiB
XML
942 lines
131 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EAB4CF93EDA2613D0FAAEC1140B62844">A synopsis of the Family Cordagalmatidae fam. nov. (Cnidaria, Siphonophora, Physonectae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03BC87D0FF9FFFD0FF6EF9C9FDA9D77A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6087811" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119319701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6087811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87D0FF9FFFD0FF6EF9C9FDA9D77A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87D0FF9FFFD0FF6EF9C9FDA9D77A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF9FFFD9FF6EF9C9FDFBD280" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9FFFD9FF6EF9C9FBBFD23D" blockId="6.[151,643,1637,1663]" box="[151,643,1637,1663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0E281AAFF9FFFD9FF6EF9C9FBBFD23D" bold="true" box="[151,643,1637,1663]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9FFFD9FF6EF9C9FBBFD23D" bold="true" box="[151,643,1637,1663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF9FFFD9FF6EF9C9FB41D23D" authority="Haeckel, 1888" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,637,1637,1663]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
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||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9FFFD9FF6EF9C9F888D23D" bold="true" box="[151,436,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Haeckel, 1888)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9FFFD9FF6EF900FDFBD280" blockId="6.[151,1436,1708,2036]" box="[151,1223,1708,1730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9FFFD9FF6EF900F832D283" box="[151,270,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Synonymies</emphasis>
|
||
: For more recent papers only those that describe the species in some way have been included.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF9FFFD8FF6EF966FB6AD524" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9FFFD9FF6EF966FD3DD2BD" blockId="6.[151,1436,1708,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF9FFFD9FF6EF966FB36D2A2" authority="Haeckel, 1888" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,522,1738,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cordagalmatidae" genus="Anthemodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9FFFD9FF6EF966F853D2A2" box="[151,367,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Anthemodes ordinata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FE8FF966FB36D2A2" author="Haeckel" box="[374,522,1738,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Haeckel, E. (1888 a) System der Siphonophoren auf phylogenetischer Grundlage entworfen. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft, 22, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1888" yearSuffix="a">Haeckel, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a, p. 40; 1888b, p. 229, Pls. XIV, XV;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FC72F966FD36D2A2" author="Bedot" box="[907,1034,1738,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" refString="Bedot, M. (1896) Les siphonophores de la Baie d'Amboine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 3, 367 - 414, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1896">Bedot, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 409;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FB98F966FDE6D2A2" author="Chun" box="[1121,1242,1738,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" refString="Chun, C. (1897) Die Siphonophoren der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung, 2. K. b., 1 - 126." type="journal article" year="1897">Chun, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 104;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FAC8F966F9C0D2BD" author="Schneider" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refString="Schneider, K. C. (1898) Mittheilungen uber Siphonophoren. III. Systematische und andere Bemerkungen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 21, 51 - 53, 73 - 93, 114 - 133, 153 - 173, 185 - 200." type="journal article" year="1898">Schneider, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.117;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FEB5F945FB69D2BD" author="Delage" box="[332,597,1769,1791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Delage, Y & Herouard, E. (1901) Traite de Zoologie Concrete, 2 (2), Les Coelenteres, Reinwald, Paris, x + 848 pp., 72 pls." type="book" year="1901">Delage & Herouard, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 225, fig. 381;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FCFEF945FA81D2BD" author="Stepanjants" box="[775,957,1769,1791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1967) Siphonophores of the seas of the USSR and the north western part of the Pacific Ocean. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, 96, 1 - 216. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Stepanjants, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 89.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9FFFD9FF6EF8A4F83CD3B6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1708,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF9FFFD9FF6EF8A4FB21D35C" authority="Totton, 1932" authorityName="Totton" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,541,1800,1822]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cordiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9FFFD9FF6EF8A4F8AED35C" box="[151,402,1800,1822]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cordagalma cordiformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FE60F8A5FB21D35C" author="Totton" box="[409,541,1800,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refString="Totton, A. K. (1932) Siphonophora. Scientific Reports. Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 1929, 4, 317 - 374." type="journal article" year="1932">Totton, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p. 325, figs. 8–9; 1954, p. 69; 1965, p. 61, fig. 25;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FBD6F8A5FC2FD35C" author="Totton" box="[1071,1299,1800,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refString="Totton, A. K. & Fraser, J. H. (1955) Siphonophora Sub-Order Physonectae Families Various. Conseil International pour l'Exporation de la Mer. Zooplankton Sheet, 62, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1955">Totton & Fraser, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 3, fig. 10;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FF3EF88AF858D37E" author="Carre" box="[199,356,1830,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré, C., 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 79, Pls. 1–3 [
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9FFFD9FDF5F884FB55D37F" box="[524,617,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">in partim</emphasis>
|
||
] [
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9FFFD9FD79F884FB9AD37F" box="[640,678,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">non</emphasis>
|
||
Pl. II, figs. 1?, 2,?3; P. III, figs. 1, 4, 7];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FBBAF88AFDDDD37E" author="Carre" box="[1091,1249,1830,1852]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, D. (1973) Etude du developpement de Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932, Siphonophore physonecte, Agalmidae. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 43, 113 - 118." type="journal article" year="1973">Carré, D., 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 113, fig. 1, Pls. 1–2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FF05F8E9F843D319" author="Palma" box="[252,383,1861,1883]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Palma, S. (1973) Contribucion al estudio de los sifonoforos encontrados a la costa de Valparaiso. I. Taxonomia. Investigaciones Marinas, Valparaiso, 4, 17 - 88." type="journal article" year="1973">Palma, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 27, Pl. II;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FDE8F8E9FBA4D319" author="Daniel" box="[529,664,1861,1883]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" refString="Daniel, R. (1974) Siphonophora from the Indian Ocean. Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India, 15 (4), 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1974">Daniel, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 49, fig. 3,
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9FFFD9FCD5F8EAFA66D319" box="[812,858,1862,1883]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">K–N</emphasis>
|
||
; 1985, p. 77, fig. 17;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FBB8F8E9FDC4D319" author="Stepanjants" box="[1089,1272,1861,1883]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1977) Siphonophora of the central part of the Pacific Ocean. In: " Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas ", XX (XXVIII) Marine Plankton (Systematics and Faunistics), pp. 54 - 81." type="book chapter" year="1977">Stepanjants, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 60, pl. 3a,b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FF3EF8C8F8A5D338" author="Carre" box="[199,409,1892,1914]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, D. & Carre, C. (1980) On triggering and control of cnidocyst discharge. Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 80, 109 - 117. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 10236248009386975" type="journal article" year="1980">Carré & Carré, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; p. 115, fig. 13; 1995, p. 565, figs. 171C, 175B, 181A, 188, 190;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FBD1F8C8FDF7D338" author="Casanova" box="[1064,1227,1892,1914]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" refString="Casanova, J. - P. (1980) Campagnes du " Meteor " dans l'Atlantique N-E. Siphonophores, Meduses et Thecosomes. Distribution verticale et comparaisons faunistiques avec la Mediterranee. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse Reihe, D 32, 15 - 32." type="journal article" year="1980">Casanova, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.21;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FAF6F8C8FCA4D338" author="Purcell" box="[1295,1432,1892,1914]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refString="Purcell, J. E. (1984) The function of nematocysts in prey capture by epipelagic siphonophores (Coelenterate, Hydrozoa). Biological Bulletin, 166, 310 - 327. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1541219" type="journal article" year="1984">Purcell, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 319, fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF9FFFD9FEB9F82EF867D3DA" box="[320,347,1922,1944]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
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, h, I;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FE63F82EFB14D3DA" author="Mackie" box="[410,552,1922,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Mackie, G. O. (1985) Midwater macroplankton of British Columbia studied by submersible PISCES IV. Journal of Plankton Research, 7, 753 - 777. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / plankt / 7.6.753" type="journal article" year="1985">Mackie, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 753;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FD7DF82EFBD2D3DA" author="Gili" box="[644,750,1922,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Gili, J. - M. (1986) Estudio sistematico u faunistico de los cnidarios de la Costa Catalina. Ph. D. thesis, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 565 pp." type="book" year="1986">Gili, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 268, fig. 4.49b, 4.63j,o;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FBF6F82EFC79D3DA" author="Mackie" box="[1039,1349,1922,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Mackie, G. O., Pugh, P. R. & Purcell, J. E. (1987) Siphonophore biology. Advances in Marine Biology, 24, 97 - 262. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0065 - 2881 (08) 60074 - 7" type="journal article" year="1987">Mackie, Pugh & Purcell 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 47;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FF3EF80DF87FD3F5" author="Pages" box="[199,323,1953,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Pages, F. (1991) Ecologia y Systematica de los Cnidarios Planctonicos de la Corriente de Benguela (Atlantico Sudoriental). Ph. D. Thesis, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 466 pp." type="book" year="1991">Pagès, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 311, fig. 8.8;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FE15F80DFB8CD3F5" author="Pages" box="[492,688,1953,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Pages, F. & Gili, J. - M. (1992) Siphonophores (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Benguela Current (southeastern Atlantic). Scientia Marina, 56 (Supplement 1), 65 - 112." type="journal article" year="1992">Pagès & Gili, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 72, fig. 7;?
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FCB2F80DFAD4D3F5" author="Margulis" box="[843,1000,1953,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Margulis, R. Ya. (1993) Cordagalma tottoni sp. n. - a new Siphonophora of the suborder Physonectae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Siphonophora). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 72, 14 - 19. Translation in Hydrobiological Journal, 30 (3), 79 - 84, (1994). [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1993">Margulis, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 17, Pl. 2a–g;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FB69F80DFC0DD3F5" author="Kitamura" box="[1168,1329,1953,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Kitamura, M. (1997) Taxonomic study and seasonal occurrence of jellyfish in Sagami Bay. M. Sc dissertation, Tokyo University of Fisheries, Tokyo, 92 pp." type="book" year="1997">Kitamura, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 20, fig. 11;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FF14F86CF85FD394" author="Pugh" box="[237,355,1984,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Pugh, P. R. (1999) Siphonophorae. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton, D. Backhuys, Leiden, pp. 467 - 511." type="book chapter" year="1999">Pugh, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 481, figs. 3.9, 3.24;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FDAAF86CFBEAD394" author="Zhang" box="[595,726,1984,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refString="Zhang, J. (2005) Pelagic Siphonophora in China Seas. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 151 pp." type="book" year="2005">Zhang, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 22, fig. 7;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FC9DF86CFD0ED394" author="Bouillon" box="[868,1074,1984,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="62" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F, Gili, J-M. & Boero, F. (2006) An Introduction to the Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 194, Paris, 591 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
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Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9FFFD9FC3AF86DFACCD394" box="[963,1008,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 443, fig. 208A–B;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9FFFD9FAECF86CFCA4D394" author="Pugh" box="[1301,1432,1984,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="64" refString="Pugh, P. R. (2006) The taxonomic status of the genus Moseria (Siphonophora, Physonectae). Zootaxa, 1343, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">Pugh, 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 33.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFF34FDE5D48E" blockId="7.[151,1435,152,358]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF9EFFD8FF6EFF34FB6DD4EC" authority="Cairns et al., 1991" authorityName="Cairns et al." authorityYear="1991" box="[151,593,152,174]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cordiforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF6EFF34F8B0D4EC" box="[151,396,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cordagalma cordiforme</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FE6AFF34FB6DD4EC" author="Cairns" box="[403,593,152,174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refString="Cairns, S. D., Calder, D. A., Brinckmann-Voss, A., Castro, C. B., Pugh, P. R., Cutress, C. E., Jaap, W. C., Fautin, D. G., Larson, R. J., Harbison, G. R., Arai, M. N. & Opresko, D. M. (1991) Common and Scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United Sates and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Second Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 28, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Cairns
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FE25FF35FB35D4EC" box="[476,521,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p. 33; 2002, p. 29;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FCE7FF34FAA8D4EC" author="Pugh" box="[798,916,152,174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" refString="Pugh, P. R. (1999) Siphonophorae. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton, D. Backhuys, Leiden, pp. 467 - 511." type="book chapter" year="1999">Pugh, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 481, fig. 3.9 [non fig, 3.24]; Dunn, 2005, p. 33; Dunn
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FEFCFF14F80ED48E" box="[261,306,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005, p. 924, figs. 5–8;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FDD6FF1AFA24D48E" author="Cartwright" box="[559,792,182,205]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refString="Cartwright, P., Evans, N. M., Dunn, C. W., Marques, A. C., Miglietta, M. P., Schuchert, P. & Collins, A. G. (2008) Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88, 1663 - 1672. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315408002257" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Cartwright
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FD5DFF14FBECD48E" box="[676,720,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 4;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FCACFF1AFDB5D48E" author="Cartwright" box="[853,1161,182,204]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refString="Cartwright, P. & Nawrocki, A. M. (2010) Character evolution in Hydrozoa (phylum Cnidaria). Integrative and Comparative Biology, 50, 456 - 472. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / icq 089" type="journal article" year="2010">Cartwright & Nawrocki, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 463;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFF79FDCFD4A9" blockId="7.[151,1435,152,358]" box="[151,1267,213,235]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF9EFFD8FF6EFF79FB15D4A9" authority="Mills et al., 1996" authorityName="Mills et al." authorityYear="1996" box="[151,553,213,235]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF6EFF79F84ED4A9" box="[151,370,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cordagalma ordinata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FE81FF79FB15D4A9" author="Mills" box="[376,553,213,235]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" refString="Mills, C. E., Pugh, P. R., Harbison, G. R. & Haddock, S. H. D. (1996) Medusae, siphonophores and ctenophores of the Alboran Sea, south western Mediterranean. Scientia Marina, 60, 145 - 163." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Mills
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FE4DFF7AF8D4D4A9" box="[436,488,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p. 154;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FD79FF79FA6FD4A9" author="Bouillon" box="[640,851,213,235]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refString="Bouillon, J., Medel, M. D. Pages, F., Gili, J. M., Boero, F. & Gravili, C. (2004) Fauna of the Mediterranean Hydrozoa. Scientia Marina, 68 (Supplement 2), 5 - 438. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2004.68 s 25" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FD26FF7AFA37D4A9" box="[735,779,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 211, fig. 211A,B;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FBD4FF79FD8CD4A9" author="Pugh" box="[1069,1200,213,235]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" refString="Pugh, P. R. (2006) The taxonomic status of the genus Moseria (Siphonophora, Physonectae). Zootaxa, 1343, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">Pugh, 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 33;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFF59FB9ED548" blockId="7.[151,1435,152,358]" box="[151,674,244,266]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF9EFFD8FF3AFF58FB6DD548" authority="Mackie, 1985" authorityName="Mackie" authorityYear="1985" box="[195,593,244,266]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cordiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF3AFF58F881D548" box="[195,445,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cordagalma cordiformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FE3DFF58FB6DD548" author="Mackie" box="[452,593,244,266]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" refString="Mackie, G. O. (1985) Midwater macroplankton of British Columbia studied by submersible PISCES IV. Journal of Plankton Research, 7, 753 - 777. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / plankt / 7.6.753" type="journal article" year="1985">Mackie, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p. 753.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFEBFFA11D56A" blockId="7.[151,1435,152,358]" box="[151,813,274,296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF9EFFD8FF3AFEBEFB61D56A" authority="Mapstone, 2009" authorityName="Mapstone" authorityYear="2009" box="[195,605,274,296]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF3AFEBEF88DD56A" box="[195,433,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FE4EFEBFFB61D56A" author="Mapstone" box="[439,605,274,296]" pageId="7" pageNumber="63" refString="Mapstone, G. M. (2009). Siphonophora (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of Canadian Pacific waters. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, 302 pp." type="book" year="2009">Mapstone, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p. 109, fig. 22a,b,d.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFE9DFA40D505" blockId="7.[151,1435,152,358]" box="[151,892,305,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF9EFFD8FF51FE9DFB0DD505" authority="Araujo, 2006" authorityName="Araujo" authorityYear="2006" box="[168,561,305,327]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cordiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF51FE9DF89FD505" box="[168,419,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cordagalma cordiformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FE50FE9DFB0DD505" author="Araujo" box="[425,561,305,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refString="Araujo, E. M. (2006) Siphonophora (Cnidaria) do Archipelago Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo e da Cadeia Norte / Rocas / Noronha. Dissertacao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 226 pp." type="book" year="2006">Araujo, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p. 76, pl. 8, fig. 6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FD00FE9EFA23D505" box="[761,799,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">non</emphasis>
|
||
fig, 6.3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFEFCFB6AD524" blockId="7.[151,1435,152,358]" box="[151,598,336,358]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF9EFFD8FF51FEFCFB2ED524" authority="Araujo, 2012" authorityName="Araujo" authorityYear="2012" box="[168,530,336,358]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF51FEFCF8B8D524" box="[168,388,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cordagalma ordinata</emphasis>
|
||
Araujo, 2012
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p. 69.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF9EFFD8FF6EFE21FA65D63F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFE21FA65D63F" blockId="7.[151,1436,397,782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF6EFE21F82DD5E4" bold="true" box="[151,273,397,422]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Small nectophores with relatively short and narrow basal process. Shallow apical indentation between axial wings; nectosac, in ostial view square, with rounded corners. No distinctive patches of large, darkly staining, ectodermal cells on the main body of the nectophore, but small patches, usually 3 pairs, on the lower lateral sides of the velum of the ostium. Bracts rhomboidal with weakly defined truncated upper surface. Transverse and median ridges bearing nematocysts. Bracteal canal extending onto upper side of bract proximally, and then running along the lower side to the mid-length of the bract, ending in a small swelling inflected into the mesogloea. Palpacleless palpons attached by their bases. Tentilla with terminal rostrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF9EFFD8FF3EFD25FB71D19C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF3EFD25F800D74C" blockId="7.[151,1436,397,782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF3EFD25F88FD6E0" bold="true" box="[199,435,649,674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens were collected by
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED04AE03FF9EFFD8FCC3FD26FAABD6E0" box="[826,919,650,674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SCUBA</collectionCode>
|
||
divers at superficial depths.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED04AE03FF9EFFD8FB1FFD26FC1FD6E3" box="[1254,1315,650,673]" collectionName="BWP" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BWP</collectionCode>
|
||
stands for "Blue Water Plankton" and the following numbers represent a unique dive number, according to a system used during early diving cruises out of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED04AE03FF9EFFD8FDDBFD7EFB4ED6A8" box="[546,626,722,746]" collectionName="WHOI" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/btw5-epas" name="Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">WHOI</collectionCode>
|
||
. "OC" stands for the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED04AE03FF9EFFD8FC92FD7EFA8BD6A8" box="[875,951,722,746]" collectionName="WHOI" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/btw5-epas" name="Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">WHOI</collectionCode>
|
||
research vessel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF9EFFD8FB8CFD7EFDEBD6AB" box="[1141,1239,722,745]" genus="Oceanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FB8CFD7EFDEBD6AB" box="[1141,1239,722,745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oceanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with its cruise number.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFC92FBD8D714" blockId="7.[151,1043,829,1394]" box="[151,740,829,854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFC92FBD8D714" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419319" box="[151,740,829,854]" collectionCode="BWP" country="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BWP447" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFC92F839D714" box="[151,261,830,854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BWP447</specimenCode>
|
||
No station data available
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFCCEFBD8D738" blockId="7.[151,1043,829,1394]" box="[151,740,865,890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFCCEFBD8D738" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419312" box="[151,740,865,890]" collectionCode="BWP" country="United States of America" location="No station data available" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BWP544-8" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFCCEF820D738" box="[151,284,865,890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BWP544-8</specimenCode>
|
||
<location id="8ECA601DFF9EFFD8FE36FCCEFBD8D738" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87D0FF9FFFD0FF6EF9C9FDA9D77A:8ECA601DFF9EFFD8FE36FCCEFBD8D738" box="[463,740,865,890]" country="United States of America" name="No station data available" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">No station data available</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFC2AFBD8D7DC" blockId="7.[151,1043,829,1394]" box="[151,740,901,926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFC2AFBD8D7DC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419313" box="[151,740,901,926]" collectionCode="BWP" country="United States of America" location="No station data available" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BWP 567-15" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFC2AF816D7DC" box="[151,298,901,926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BWP 567-15</specimenCode>
|
||
<location id="8ECA601DFF9EFFD8FE36FC2AFBD8D7DC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87D0FF9FFFD0FF6EF9C9FDA9D77A:8ECA601DFF9EFFD8FE36FC2AFBD8D7DC" box="[463,740,901,926]" country="United States of America" name="No station data available" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">No station data available</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFC06FBD8D780" blockId="7.[151,1043,829,1394]" box="[151,740,937,962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFC06FBD8D780" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419311" box="[151,740,937,962]" collectionCode="BWP" country="United States of America" location="No station data available" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BWP 752-14" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFC06F816D780" box="[151,298,937,962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BWP 752-14</specimenCode>
|
||
<location id="8ECA601DFF9EFFD8FE36FC06FBD8D780" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87D0FF9FFFD0FF6EF9C9FDA9D77A:8ECA601DFF9EFFD8FE36FC06FBD8D780" box="[463,740,937,962]" country="United States of America" name="No station data available" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">No station data available</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFC62FBD8D034" blockId="7.[151,1043,829,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFC62FAF2D7A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419332" box="[151,974,973,998]" collectingDate="1979-06-21" collectionCode="BWP" country="United States of America" latitude="31.75" longLatPrecision="1214" longitude="-71.816666" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BWP 781-18" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFC62F816D7A4" box="[151,298,974,998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
BWP 781-
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF9EFFD8FEF6FC62F816D7A4" box="[271,298,974,998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1918-06-21">18</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9EEFF9EFFD8FE36FC62FB60D7A4" box="[463,604,974,998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">21-Jun-1979</collectingDate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FD0AFC62FA65D7A4" box="[755,857,973,998]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="31.75">31° 45'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FC9CFC62FAF2D7A4" box="[869,974,974,998]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="-71.816666">71° 49'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFC5EFAF2D048" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419310" box="[151,974,1009,1034]" collectingDate="1979-07-13" collectionCode="BWP" country="United States of America" latitude="38.95" longLatPrecision="1172" longitude="-64.583336" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BWP 812-13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jul-">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFC5EF816D048" box="[151,298,1010,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
BWP 812-
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF9EFFD8FEE9FC5EF816D048" box="[272,298,1010,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2013-07-13">13</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9EEFF9EFFD8FE36FC5DFB6AD048" box="[463,598,1009,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13-Jul-1979</collectingDate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FD0AFC5EFA65D048" box="[755,857,1009,1034]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="38.95">38° 57'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FC9CFC5DFAF2D048" box="[869,974,1009,1034]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="-64.583336">64° 35'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFBBAFAF1D06C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419314" box="[151,973,1045,1070]" collectingDate="1979-07-15" collectionCode="BWP" country="United States of America" latitude="40.233334" longLatPrecision="1164" longitude="-68.11667" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BWP 816-6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jul-">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFBBAF820D06C" box="[151,284,1045,1070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
BWP 816-
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF9EFFD8FEF7FBB9F820D06C" box="[270,284,1045,1070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2015-07-06">6</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9EEFF9EFFD8FE36FBB9FB6AD06C" box="[463,598,1045,1070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15-Jul-1979</collectingDate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FD0AFBBAFA64D06C" box="[755,856,1046,1070]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="40.233334">40° 14'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FC9CFBB9FAF1D06C" box="[869,973,1045,1070]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="-68.11667">68° 07'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFB96FACBD010" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419303" box="[151,1015,1081,1106]" collectingDate="1983-07-26" collectionCode="BWP" country="United States of America" latitude="8.621667" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="-40.373333" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BWP 1070-7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jul-">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFB96F816D010" box="[151,298,1082,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
BWP
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF9EFFD8FF22FB96F816D010" box="[219,298,1082,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1070-07-26">1070-7</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9EEFF9EFFD8FE36FB95FB6AD010" box="[463,598,1081,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
26-
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF9EFFD8FE0AFB95FB6AD010" box="[499,598,1081,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1983-07-08">Jul-1983</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FD0AFB96FA52D010" box="[755,878,1082,1106]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="92" value="8.621667">08° 37.3'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FC80FB96FACBD010" box="[889,1015,1082,1106]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="92" value="-40.373333">40° 22.4'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFBF2FBD8D034" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419307" box="[151,740,1117,1142]" collectionCode="BWP" country="United States of America" location="No station data available" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="BWP 1886-19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jul-">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFBF2F804D034" box="[151,312,1117,1142]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BWP 1886-19</specimenCode>
|
||
<location id="8ECA601DFF9EFFD8FE36FBF2FBD8D034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87D0FF9FFFD0FF6EF9C9FDA9D77A:8ECA601DFF9EFFD8FE36FBF2FBD8D034" box="[463,740,1117,1142]" country="United States of America" name="No station data available" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Jul-">No station data available</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF6EFB2DFD2FD130" blockId="7.[151,1043,829,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFB2DFAE9D0D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419306" box="[151,981,1153,1178]" collectingDate="2001-07-12" collectionCode="OC" country="United States of America" latitude="37.983334" longLatPrecision="928" longitude="-72.98167" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="OC368-22-16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jul-">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFB2DF80FD0D8" box="[151,307,1153,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
OC368-
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF9EFFD8FF0AFB2DF80FD0D8" box="[243,307,1153,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2012-07-22" valueMax="2012-07-16" valueMin="2012-07-22">22-16</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9EEFF9EFFD8FE36FB2DFB61D0D8" box="[463,605,1153,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12-Jul- 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FD0AFB2DFA6ED0D8" box="[755,850,1153,1178]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="37.983334">37°59'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FCA7FB2DFAE9D0D8" box="[862,981,1153,1178]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="92" value="-72.98167">72°58.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFB09FAF2D0FC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419324" box="[151,974,1189,1214]" collectingDate="2001-07-13" collectionCode="OC" country="United States of America" latitude="37.95" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="-73.933334" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="OC368-25-1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jul-2001 37">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFB09F818D0FC" box="[151,292,1189,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
OC368-
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF9EFFD8FF0FFB09F818D0FC" box="[246,292,1189,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2013-07-25" valueMax="2013-07-01" valueMin="2013-07-25">25-1</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9EEFF9EFFD8FE36FB09FB6AD0FC" box="[463,598,1189,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13-Jul-2001</collectingDate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FD0AFB0AFA65D0FC" box="[755,857,1189,1214]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="37.95">37° 57'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FC9CFB0AFAF2D0FC" box="[869,974,1189,1214]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="-73.933334">73° 56'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFB65FAF2D0A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419308" box="[151,974,1225,1250]" collectingDate="2001-07-13" collectionCode="OC" country="United States of America" latitude="37.95" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="-73.933334" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="OC368-25-8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jul-2001 37">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFB65F818D0A0" box="[151,292,1225,1250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
OC368-
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF9EFFD8FF0DFB65F818D0A0" box="[244,292,1225,1250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2013-07-25" valueMax="2013-07-08" valueMin="2013-07-25">25-8</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9EEFF9EFFD8FE36FB65FB6AD0A0" box="[463,598,1225,1250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13-Jul-2001</collectingDate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FD0AFB66FA65D0A0" box="[755,857,1225,1250]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="37.95">37° 57'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FC9CFB66FAF2D0A0" box="[869,974,1225,1250]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="-73.933334">73° 56'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFB41FAF2D144" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419321" box="[151,974,1261,1286]" collectingDate="2001-07-13" collectionCode="OC" country="United States of America" latitude="37.95" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="-73.933334" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="OC368-25-19A" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jul-2001 37">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFB41F87AD144" box="[151,326,1261,1286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">OC368-25-19A</specimenCode>
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF9EFFD8FE36FB41FB6AD144" box="[463,598,1261,1286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2001-07-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9EEFF9EFFD8FE36FB41FB6AD144" box="[463,598,1261,1286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2001-07-13">13-Jul-2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FD0AFB42FA65D144" box="[755,857,1261,1286]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="37.95">37° 57'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FC9CFB42FAF2D144" box="[869,974,1261,1286]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="-73.933334">73° 56'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFABDFAF2D168" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419302" box="[151,974,1297,1322]" collectingDate="2001-07-13" collectionCode="OC" country="United States of America" latitude="37.9" longLatPrecision="1178" longitude="-73.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="OC368-26-9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jul-2001 37">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFABDF818D168" box="[151,292,1297,1322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
OC368-
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF9EFFD8FF0AFABDF818D168" box="[243,292,1297,1322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2013-07-26" valueMax="2013-07-09" valueMin="2013-07-26">26-9</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9EEFF9EFFD8FE36FABDFB6AD168" box="[463,598,1297,1322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13-Jul-2001</collectingDate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FD0AFABEFA65D168" box="[755,857,1297,1322]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="37.9">37° 54'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FC9CFABEFAF2D168" box="[869,974,1298,1322]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="-73.0">73° 00'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFA99FAF1D10C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419320" box="[151,973,1333,1358]" collectingDate="2001-07-15" collectionCode="OC" country="United States of America" latitude="39.55" longLatPrecision="1168" longitude="-71.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="OC368-32-13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jul-">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFA99F80FD10C" box="[151,307,1333,1358]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
OC368-32-
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF9EFFD8FEE0FA99F80FD10C" box="[281,307,1333,1358]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2013-07-15">13</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9EEFF9EFFD8FE36FA99FB6AD10C" box="[463,598,1333,1358]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15-Jul-2001</collectingDate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FD0AFA9AFA65D10C" box="[755,857,1334,1358]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="39.55">39° 33'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FC9CFA9AFAF1D10C" box="[869,973,1334,1358]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="925" value="-71.5">71° 30'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3C9BFF9EFFD8FF6EFAF5FD2FD130" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1262419305" box="[151,1043,1369,1394]" collectingDate="2001-09-20" collectionCode="OC" country="United States of America" latitude="38.697166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-72.908" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="OC370-6-6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jul-">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB39EBDFF9EFFD8FF6EFAF5F82AD130" box="[151,278,1369,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
OC370-
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF9EFFD8FF0DFAF5F82AD130" box="[244,278,1369,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1920-09-06" valueMax="1920-09-06" valueMin="1920-09-06">6-6</date>
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9EEFF9EFFD8FE36FAF6FB63D130" box="[463,607,1370,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">20-Sep-2001</collectingDate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FD0AFAF6FA40D130" box="[755,892,1370,1394]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="9" value="38.697166">38° 41.83'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE215001FF9EFFD8FC7EFAF6FD2FD130" box="[903,1043,1369,1394]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="9" value="-72.908">72° 54.48'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF3EFA0EFB71D19C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1441,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">In addition, a poorly preserved specimen collected at Villefranche-sur-Mer by Mr A.K. Totton on an unspecified date was briefly examined.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF9EFFD2FF3EFA45FA19D38B" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF3EFA45FA68D208" blockId="7.[151,1437,1441,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF3EFA45F865D240" bold="true" box="[199,345,1513,1538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FE98FA45FB2FD240" box="[353,531,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pneumatophore</emphasis>
|
||
: The minute pneumatophore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF9EFFD8FC92FA45FAF2D240" box="[875,974,1513,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1483,1505]" captionTargetBox="[285,1308,195,1448]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[273,1316,195,1449]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cordagalma ordinatum. Young colony with larval bract. Note apparent pigment patches on the velum of the nectophore. (© C. Carré)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261394/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) measured c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF9EFFD8FB97FA46FDF9D243" box="[1134,1221,1514,1538]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF9EFFD8FA92FA46F9FFD267" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. There was no notable pigmentation on the preserved specimens, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FB78F9A2FC28D264" author="Carre" box="[1153,1300,1549,1574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
said it was lightly pigmented apically, although no colour was mentioned.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF3EF9FAF8DCD298" blockId="7.[151,1437,1441,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF3EF9FAF87ED22F" box="[199,322,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nectosome</emphasis>
|
||
. The nectophores were budded off on the ventral side of the nectosome and the maximum number found with any of the preserved specimens was 16.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FCF4F9D6FA99D2D0" author="Carre" box="[781,933,1657,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, noted the presence of up to 40 nectophores on the nectosome of some of his specimens, but we cannot be sure that he was referring to this species (see
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF32F96DF811D298" box="[203,301,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
section below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF9EFFD8FF3EF949FD04D394" blockId="7.[151,1437,1441,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF3EF949F875D2BC" box="[199,329,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nectophore</emphasis>
|
||
: The preserved nectophores measured up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF9EFFD8FCB6F949FA9BD2BF" box="[847,935,1765,1790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF9EFFD8FBA8F949FD8BD2BF" box="[1105,1207,1765,1790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.25">3.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. However, although individual specimens tended to have fairly uniformly sized nectophores their mean size varied. Thus, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF9EFFD8FF6EF882F9C5D307" box="[151,249,1838,1861]" genus="Oceanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FF6EF882F9C5D307" box="[151,249,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oceanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
368 Dive 25-
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D13FD4FFF9EFFD8FE65F881FB25D304" box="[412,537,1837,1862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
had smaller nectophores, averaging
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF9EFFD8FC45F882FD1ED307" box="[956,1058,1838,1862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.32">2.32 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF9EFFD8FB31F882FC12D307" box="[1224,1326,1838,1862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.92">1.92 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width; while the BWP 544-
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D13FD4FFF9EFFD8FE75F8FDFB31D328" box="[396,525,1873,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">8 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
had larger nectophores averaging
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF9EFFD8FC5FF8FEFD33D32B" box="[934,1039,1874,1898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.37" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.37">3.37 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF9EFFD8FB39F8FEFC15D32B" box="[1216,1321,1874,1898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.02">3.02 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. Another feature was that the younger nectophores tended to be broader than long, but as they grew they increased more in length than in width.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF9EFFD8FE1DF836FB4FD3F0" author="Carre" box="[484,627,1945,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that his nectophores measured up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF9EFFD8FBA4F836FDA2D3F3" box="[1117,1182,1946,1969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF9EFFD8FAC6F835FCBCD3F3" box="[1343,1408,1945,1970]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width; the implications of which again are discussed in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF9EFFD8FCD6F811FAADD394" box="[815,913,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
section below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A664EFF91FFD7FF6EFA67F8A8D1BD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261394/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[285,1308,195,1448]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF91FFD7FF6EFA67F8A8D1BD" blockId="8.[151,1435,1483,1535]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF91FFD7FF6EFA67F82AD1A3" bold="true" box="[151,278,1483,1505]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF91FFD7FED9FA67FB2DD1A3" box="[288,529,1483,1505]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF91FFD7FED9FA67FB2DD1A3" box="[288,529,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Young colony with larval bract. Note apparent pigment patches on the velum of the nectophore. (© C. Carré)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF91FFD7FF3EF980FB3DD297" blockId="8.[151,1437,1580,2037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">The hydroecium was wide on the main body of nectophore, but narrowed toward the basal process and petered out about halfway down the latter. No patches of distinctive large ectodermal cells or any sign of pigmentation were seen on the main body of the nectophore. In his notes, Claude Carré recorded the presence of spots of pigmentation on the nectophores, although he made no mention of them in his publication. Where these spots were located was also not made clear.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF91FFD6FF3EF94CF816D502" blockId="8.[151,1437,1580,2037]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The nectosac was relatively small and did not extend basally, in the mid-line; with broad, shallow apical median indentation. Long ascending and descending mantle canals of approximately equal length. On the nectosac, the pedicular canal gave rise to all four radial canals. The dorsal and ventral canals ran straight to the ostial ring canal. The lateral canals, as is characteristic of cordagalmatid species, looped up and over onto the sides of the nectosac, then looped downwards, before running to the ostial ring canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF91FFD7FC32F8DCFD11D3CB" box="[971,1069,1904,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1307,1329]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,386,1265]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1248,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cordagalma ordinatum nectophores from BWP 567 - 15 specimen. Ostial (A), axial (B), and lateral (C) views. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261395/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Typically their were three pairs of patches, made up of a few large ectodermal cells, on either side of the ostial velum at the level of, and below, the points of insertion of the lateral radial canals onto the ostial ring canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF91FFD7FC4AF814FD2FD393" box="[947,1043,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1307,1329]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,386,1265]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1248,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cordagalma ordinatum nectophores from BWP 567 - 15 specimen. Ostial (A), axial (B), and lateral (C) views. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261395/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A,C). Occasionally there were four pairs of patches, but often they had been abraded. Also, a patch of cells, sometimes divided into two or more, was frequently found on the velum below the point of insertion of the upper radial canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF90FFD6FB93FF3BFDF0D4F2" box="[1130,1228,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1307,1329]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,386,1265]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1248,375,1283]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cordagalma ordinatum nectophores from BWP 567 - 15 specimen. Ostial (A), axial (B), and lateral (C) views. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261395/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Whether these patches of cells, which are probably sites of bioluminescence, also were pigmented in life is not recorded. In addition, there was a small, discrete patch of small cells lying over the end of each lateral radial canal but, unlike the lateral ostial processes found on the nectophores of other physonects these patches did not connect to the ostium itself.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A664EFF90FFD6FF6EFAB7F800D112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261395/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[351,1237,386,1265]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF90FFD6FF6EFAB7F800D112" blockId="9.[151,1437,1307,1360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF90FFD6FF6EFAB7F82AD173" bold="true" box="[151,278,1307,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF90FFD6FEE6FAB7FB2CD173" box="[287,528,1307,1329]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF90FFD6FEE6FAB7FB2CD173" box="[287,528,1307,1329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nectophores from BWP567-15 specimen. Ostial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF90FFD6FBE6FAB7FD0DD173" bold="true" box="[1055,1073,1307,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
|
||
), axial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF90FFD6FB74FAB7FDA2D173" bold="true" box="[1165,1182,1307,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
), and lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF90FFD6FACFFAB7FC74D173" bold="true" box="[1334,1352,1307,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF90FFD6FF3EFAD0FA41D2D3" blockId="9.[151,1437,1404,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The young nectophore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF90FFD6FE28FAD0FB0ED1D7" box="[465,562,1404,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,742,764]" captionTargetBox="[347,1238,205,715]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[340,1248,195,720]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Young nectophore of Cordagalma ordinatum specimen from BWP Dive 752 - 14. Ostial (left) and axial (right) views. ne. rows of nematocysts. Scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261396/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) had a short rounded basal process. The axial wings were very small and only a very shallow emargination separated them. There was a pair of marked ridges that formed the outer margins of the overhanging hydroecial flaps. They ran from the outer margins of the axial wings towards the mid-line and then down to the level of the distal end of the descending mantle canal. In that region there was a broad, but shallow trough between them. Slightly lateral to these ridges there was a row, or two, of nematocysts that ran from the axial wings to about half the height of the nectophore. Further rows of nematocysts were found on the ostial side of the nectophore, but these were not associated with distinct ridges. No lateral patches of cells could be discerned on the velum of the nectosac, but there usually was one on its upper side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF90FFD6FF3EF930F8EAD3CC" blockId="9.[151,1437,1404,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF90FFD6FF3EF930F87CD2F7" box="[199,320,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Siphosome</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF90FFD6FEA9F930FB31D2F7" author="Haeckel" box="[336,525,1692,1717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" refString="Haeckel, E. (1888 b) Report on the Siphonophorae collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report of the Scientific Results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 28, 1 - 380." type="journal article" year="1888" yearSuffix="b">Haeckel (1888b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF90FFD6FDBFF931FBEBD2F7" author="Carre" box="[582,727,1692,1717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
both noted that several hundred cormidia could be found on a single specimen, and that each cormidium consisted of, from posterior to anterior, a gastrozooid, a palpon without palpacle, a bunch of male, a bunch of female gonophores, and 6–8 bracts, which budded from the bases of the other zooids. However, the latter author also found that for some of his specimens the gonophores of individual cormidia were of only one sex, although both sexes were present on the whole colony. Presently it is not possible to clarify without doubt whether this is a specific character or, perhaps, whether it suggests that the specimens are protandrous or protogynous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A664EFF93FFD5FF6EFD4AFBA5D759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261396/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[347,1238,205,715]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF93FFD5FF6EFD4AFBA5D759" blockId="10.[151,1436,742,795]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF93FFD5FF6EFD4AF829D6BE" bold="true" box="[151,277,742,764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Young nectophore of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF93FFD5FDFBFD4AFBC8D6BE" box="[514,756,742,764]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF93FFD5FDFBFD4AFBC8D6BE" box="[514,756,742,764]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen from BWP Dive 752-14. Ostial (left) and axial (right) views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF93FFD5FF27FCA9F9CBD759" bold="true" box="[222,247,773,795]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ne</emphasis>
|
||
. rows of nematocysts. Scale bar 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A664EFF93FFD5FF6EF9CFFB63D2DA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261397/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[346,1234,850,1601]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF93FFD5FF6EF9CFFB63D2DA" blockId="10.[151,1437,1635,1688]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF93FFD5FF6EF9CFF826D23B" bold="true" box="[151,282,1635,1657]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Upper views of bracts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF93FFD5FDA9F9CFFA7AD23B" box="[592,838,1635,1657]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF93FFD5FDA9F9CFFA7AD23B" box="[592,838,1635,1657]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from BWP 544-8 specimen. Proximal at the bottom. (Nematocysts not shown). Scale bar 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF93FFD5FF3EF96AF887D3F7" blockId="10.[151,1437,1732,1973]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF93FFD5FF3EF96AF82CD29F" box="[199,272,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bracts</emphasis>
|
||
: For the present specimens the preserved bracts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF93FFD5FCC0F968FAFED29F" box="[825,962,1732,1757]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,507,529]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1461,1483]" captionTargetBox-0="[346,1234,850,1601]" captionTargetBox-1="[226,1360,195,482]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1322,941,1436]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[340,1247,847,1610]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[226,1360,195,482]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[264,1323,941,1436]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Upper views of bracts of Cordagalma ordinatum from BWP 544 - 8 specimen. Proximal at the bottom. (Nematocysts not shown). Scale bar 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Cordagalma ordinatum. Upper view of young bracts. Proximal at the bottom. Scale bar 0.25 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Cordagalma ordinatum. Upper views of mature bracts. Proximal at the bottom. Scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/261397/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/261398/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/261399/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||
) measured up to c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF93FFD5FB67F968FC3ED29E" box="[1182,1282,1732,1757]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF93FFD5FF6EF944F836D342" box="[151,266,1768,1793]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.125">1.125 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. They were roughly rhomboidal in shape, but the truncated part of the upper surface was only weakly defined. There was a pronounced transverse ridge and a median one that divided the distal facet into two. No patches of ectodermal cells were found on these facets. The canal extended onto the upper side of the bract and curved over its proximal end to run, in the mid-line, along its lower side. It ran to about the mid-length of the bract where it ended in a small swelling inflected into the mesogloea. This inflection was more pronounced in the younger bracts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF93FFD5FEB2F830F891D3F7" box="[331,429,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,507,529]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,195,482]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[226,1360,195,482]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cordagalma ordinatum. Upper view of young bracts. Proximal at the bottom. Scale bar 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261398/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A664EFF92FFD4FF6EFE57FDC9D653" box="[151,1269,507,529]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261398/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[226,1360,195,482]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF92FFD4FF6EFE57FDC9D653" blockId="11.[151,1269,507,529]" box="[151,1269,507,529]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF92FFD4FF6EFE57F82ED653" bold="true" box="[151,274,507,529]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF92FFD4FEE0FE57FB3BD653" box="[281,519,507,529]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF92FFD4FEE0FE57FB3BD653" box="[281,519,507,529]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Upper view of young bracts. Proximal at the bottom. Scale bar 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF92FFD4FF3EFD92FDDFD734" blockId="11.[151,1436,573,886]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF92FFD4FF3EFD92F8A7D614" author="Carre" box="[199,411,573,598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968" yearSuffix="p">Carré (1968, p. 81)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the bracts as having "la form d'une pyramide tronquée assez régulère, avec quatre faces latérales et des crêtes garnies de petit nématocytes" [the form of a quite regularly truncated pyramid with four lateral facets and its ridges garnished with nematocysts]. The nematocysts were scattered along the transverse and median ridges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF92FFD4FEBFFD06F8F3D681" box="[326,463,682,707]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1307,1329]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,742,764]" captionTargetBox-0="[351,1237,386,1265]" captionTargetBox-1="[347,1238,205,715]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[340,1248,375,1283]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[340,1248,195,720]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Cordagalma ordinatum nectophores from BWP 567 - 15 specimen. Ostial (A), axial (B), and lateral (C) views. Scale bar 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Young nectophore of Cordagalma ordinatum specimen from BWP Dive 752 - 14. Ostial (left) and axial (right) views. ne. rows of nematocysts. Scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/261395/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/261396/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figures 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
) but more often than not they had been abraded. They were not investigated in detail for the present study, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF92FFD4FE4BFD62FB7DD6A4" author="Carre" box="[434,577,717,742]" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified those on the "distal ridge" as being small stenoteles measuring 8.5 x 7.5 µm, while on the other ridges they were probably atrichous isorhizas. Although Carré's description of the bracts clearly indicates them as belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF92FFD4FD50FCB9FA88D76C" box="[681,948,789,814]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF92FFD4FD50FCB9FA88D76C" box="[681,948,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, care must be taken when identifying the bracts from his photographs as those shown in his Plate II, fig. 2 and Plate III, figure 1 certainly do not belong to that species, although those in Plate III, fig. 5 might. (For further discussion see
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF92FFD4FBE3FCF1FD40D734" box="[1050,1148,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
section).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A664EFF92FFD4FF6EFA19FDC5D189" box="[151,1273,1461,1483]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261399/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[264,1322,941,1436]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF92FFD4FF6EFA19FDC5D189" blockId="11.[151,1273,1461,1483]" box="[151,1273,1461,1483]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF92FFD4FF6EFA19F82ED189" bold="true" box="[151,274,1461,1483]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF92FFD4FEE0FA19FB3BD189" box="[281,519,1461,1483]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF92FFD4FEE0FA19FB3BD189" box="[281,519,1461,1483]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Upper views of mature bracts. Proximal at the bottom. Scale bar 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF92FFD4FF3EFA54FD5FD23E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1528,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF92FFD4FF3EFA54F865D253" box="[199,345,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Larval bract</emphasis>
|
||
: No larval bracts were found with the present specimens examined, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF92FFD4FB3AFA54FC66D252" author="Carre" box="[1219,1370,1528,1552]" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, D. (1973) Etude du developpement de Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932, Siphonophore physonecte, Agalmidae. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 43, 113 - 118." type="journal article" year="1973">Carré (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who followed the development of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF92FFD4FE1CF9B0FBD1D277" box="[485,749,1564,1589]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF92FFD4FE1CF9B0FBD1D277" box="[485,749,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, showed that a simple, almost circular caducous larval bract was developed before the nectophores appeared, but she gave no details about it, including its size. It appears that it is retained until at least the first pair of nectophores has been developed (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF92FFD4FC0DF9C8FD6AD23E" box="[1012,1110,1636,1661]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1483,1505]" captionTargetBox="[285,1308,195,1448]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[273,1316,195,1449]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cordagalma ordinatum. Young colony with larval bract. Note apparent pigment patches on the velum of the nectophore. (© C. Carré)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261394/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF92FFD4FF3EF924F8C3D3A6" blockId="11.[151,1437,1528,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF92FFD4FF3EF924F86CD2E3" box="[199,336,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gastrozooid</emphasis>
|
||
: The siphosome of the preserved specimens frequently broke into fragments consisting of a gastrozooid, a palpon, and one or two gonodendra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF92FFD4FCE2F900FAA8D286" box="[795,916,1708,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[229,1363,205,1140]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[220,1376,195,1151]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cordagalma ordinatum. Detached and preserved cormidia showing: A – B. offset proximal attachment of palpons. C. proximal attachment of palpon from BWP 544 - 8. D. unpreserved cormidial group from Oceanus Dive 6 - 6 specimen © Casey Dunn. Abritrary orientations. gf. and gm. female and male gonophores, respectively; gz. gastrozooid; p. palpon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261400/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), with or without bracts. The unpreserved gastrozooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF92FFD4FEC1F97CF890D2AA" box="[312,428,1744,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[229,1363,205,1140]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[220,1376,195,1151]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cordagalma ordinatum. Detached and preserved cormidia showing: A – B. offset proximal attachment of palpons. C. proximal attachment of palpon from BWP 544 - 8. D. unpreserved cormidial group from Oceanus Dive 6 - 6 specimen © Casey Dunn. Abritrary orientations. gf. and gm. female and male gonophores, respectively; gz. gastrozooid; p. palpon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261400/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
D, gz) typically measured c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF92FFD4FCFEF97CFA71D2AA" box="[775,845,1744,1768]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and were connected to stem by a short peduncle. They were transparent and colourless except, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF92FFD4FC60F958FD17D34F" author="Carre" box="[921,1067,1780,1805]" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for two orange-red spots at their bases but these were not apparent on the current photographs. The distal proboscis section was quite long as shown by the length of the narrowed gastrovascular cavity. Hepatic stripes were present in the slightly expanded stomach region; while the basigaster was very small. After preservation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF92FFD4FC89F8CCFAE2D33A" box="[880,990,1888,1913]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[229,1363,205,1140]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[220,1376,195,1151]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cordagalma ordinatum. Detached and preserved cormidia showing: A – B. offset proximal attachment of palpons. C. proximal attachment of palpon from BWP 544 - 8. D. unpreserved cormidial group from Oceanus Dive 6 - 6 specimen © Casey Dunn. Abritrary orientations. gf. and gm. female and male gonophores, respectively; gz. gastrozooid; p. palpon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261400/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C) the gastrozooids became opaque. They usually featured a pronounced proboscis region, occupying approximately a third of the total length, a slightly expanded stomach that was separated from the now very distinctive basigaster by a constriction, from one side of which the tentacle arose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A664EFF95FFD3FF6EFB31FC7AD0B2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261400/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[229,1363,205,1140]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF95FFD3FF6EFB31FC7AD0B2" blockId="12.[151,1437,1181,1264]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF95FFD3FF6EFB31F823D0F1" bold="true" box="[151,287,1181,1203]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF95FFD3FEDCFB31FB2ED0F1" box="[293,530,1181,1203]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF95FFD3FEDCFB31FB2ED0F1" box="[293,530,1181,1203]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Detached and preserved cormidia showing:
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF95FFD3FC23FB31FD2DD0F1" bold="true" box="[986,1041,1181,1203]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A–B.</emphasis>
|
||
offset proximal attachment of palpons.
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF95FFD3FF6EFB10F993D090" bold="true" box="[151,175,1212,1234]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C.</emphasis>
|
||
proximal attachment of palpon from BWP 544-8. D. unpreserved cormidial group from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF95FFD3FBA1FB10FDD7D090" authority="Dive" authorityName="Dive" box="[1112,1259,1212,1234]" genus="Oceanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF95FFD3FBA1FB10FD8DD093" box="[1112,1201,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oceanus</emphasis>
|
||
Dive
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
6-6 specimen © Casey Dunn. Abritrary orientations. gf. and gm. female and male gonophores, respectively; gz. gastrozooid; p. palpon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF95FFD3FF3EFAEDF823D214" blockId="12.[151,1437,1345,1910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF95FFD3FF3EFAEDF827D118" box="[199,283,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tentilla</emphasis>
|
||
: The tentacles could extend to considerable lengths and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF95FFD3FC53FAEDFD00D118" author="Carre" box="[938,1084,1345,1370]" pageId="12" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded up to 100 tentilla on each, but such was impossible to gauge from the present fragmented preserved material. Each tentillum, when uncontracted, had a thin pedicle, but this was always highly contracted in the preserved ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF95FFD3FB2DFA25FC7FD1E3" box="[1236,1347,1417,1442]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1408,1430]" captionTargetBox="[359,1226,212,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[340,1248,195,1384]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cordagalma ordinatum. Mature tentillum showing A. large stenotele nematocysts; B. the " rostrum "; and C. Developing tentillum, without rostrum or cnidocils. cn. cnidocil; r. rostrum; st. stenotele. Proximal at bottom. Scale bars 50 µm. A. © Claude Carré; B and C tentilla from BWP 1886 - 19 specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261401/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The cnidoband formed an ovoid structure that contained three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AE8864FF95FFD3FCE4FA02FA64D184" box="[797,856,1454,1478]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of nematocyst. Proximally there was an incomplete ring of five large stenoteles that were somewhat variable in size. Carré's measured 15.5 x 8.5 µm, while larger ones, which measured 20 µm in length and 10 µm in diameter, were found with the present material. In the central part of the tentillum there were numerous anisorhizas (
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF95FFD3FD49F9B5FBC5D273" box="[688,761,1561,1586]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1916-10-02">16 x 2</date>
|
||
µm), and a few isorhizas, possibly holotrichous, measuring 5.5.
|
||
<date id="FFAB1006FF95FFD3FF31F992F9D7D214" box="[200,235,1597,1622]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x 5</date>
|
||
µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF95FFD3FF3EF9CDFB7ED337" blockId="12.[151,1437,1345,1910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Strangely,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF95FFD3FEB8F9CDF8E8D238" author="Carre" box="[321,468,1633,1658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not describe the distal part of the tentillum that consisted of several very long cnidocils stretching out in 2π directions, nor the character that, as will be shown, sets
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF95FFD3FBAFF928FC61D2DF" box="[1110,1373,1668,1693]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF95FFD3FBAFF928FC61D2DF" box="[1110,1373,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apart from all other cordagalmatids, the "rostre" or rostrum. In our preserved specimens the "rostre" tended to be contracted and difficult to see (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF95FFD3FE06F960FB52D2A7" box="[511,622,1740,1765]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1408,1430]" captionTargetBox="[359,1226,212,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[340,1248,195,1384]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cordagalma ordinatum. Mature tentillum showing A. large stenotele nematocysts; B. the " rostrum "; and C. Developing tentillum, without rostrum or cnidocils. cn. cnidocil; r. rostrum; st. stenotele. Proximal at bottom. Scale bars 50 µm. A. © Claude Carré; B and C tentilla from BWP 1886 - 19 specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261401/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A), although occasionally it was easily distinguished (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF95FFD3FB27F960FC72D2A7" box="[1246,1358,1740,1765]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1408,1430]" captionTargetBox="[359,1226,212,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[340,1248,195,1384]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cordagalma ordinatum. Mature tentillum showing A. large stenotele nematocysts; B. the " rostrum "; and C. Developing tentillum, without rostrum or cnidocils. cn. cnidocil; r. rostrum; st. stenotele. Proximal at bottom. Scale bars 50 µm. A. © Claude Carré; B and C tentilla from BWP 1886 - 19 specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261401/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
B). No nematocysts were present on the rostrum. The cnidocils also appeared much shrunken and distorted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF95FFD3FAF3F95DFC44D34B" box="[1290,1400,1777,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1408,1430]" captionTargetBox="[359,1226,212,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[340,1248,195,1384]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cordagalma ordinatum. Mature tentillum showing A. large stenotele nematocysts; B. the " rostrum "; and C. Developing tentillum, without rostrum or cnidocils. cn. cnidocil; r. rostrum; st. stenotele. Proximal at bottom. Scale bars 50 µm. A. © Claude Carré; B and C tentilla from BWP 1886 - 19 specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261401/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A). These cnidocils are presumed to be part of the isorhizas of the cnidoband, although this has not been confirmed. Carré's photograph (1968, Plate III, figure 6) clearly shows all the features mentioned above but, unfortunately, it was not one of the ones he sent to me.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6A664EFF94FFD2FF6EFA2CFA06D196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261401/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[359,1226,212,1363]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF94FFD2FF6EFA2CFA06D196" blockId="13.[151,1436,1408,1492]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF94FFD2FF6EFA2CF81DD1D4" bold="true" box="[151,289,1408,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF94FFD2FED5FA2CFB20D1D4" box="[300,540,1408,1430]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF94FFD2FED5FA2CFB20D1D4" box="[300,540,1408,1430]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mature tentillum showing
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF94FFD2FCBCFA2CFA6BD1D4" bold="true" box="[837,855,1408,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
|
||
. large stenotele nematocysts;
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF94FFD2FB6FFA2CFD9BD1D4" bold="true" box="[1174,1191,1408,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
|
||
. the "rostrum"; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF94FFD2FA7AFA2CFCA9D1D4" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1408,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Developing tentillum, without rostrum or cnidocils. cn. cnidocil; r. rostrum; st. stenotele. Proximal at bottom. Scale bars 50 µm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF94FFD2FF6EFA12F995D196" bold="true" box="[151,169,1470,1492]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
|
||
. © Claude Carré;
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF94FFD2FE9AFA12F848D196" bold="true" box="[355,372,1470,1492]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF94FFD2FE5CFA12F88BD196" bold="true" box="[421,439,1470,1492]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
|
||
tentilla from BWP1886-19 specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF94FFD2FF3EF9ACFA44D357" blockId="13.[151,1436,1536,2029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF94FFD2FF3EF9ACF824D25B" box="[199,280,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Palpon</emphasis>
|
||
: The fully developed palpons were c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF94FFD2FD27F9ADFA1FD25A" box="[734,803,1537,1561]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF94FFD2FC5CF9ACFD26D25B" box="[933,1050,1536,1561]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[229,1363,205,1140]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[220,1376,195,1151]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cordagalma ordinatum. Detached and preserved cormidia showing: A – B. offset proximal attachment of palpons. C. proximal attachment of palpon from BWP 544 - 8. D. unpreserved cormidial group from Oceanus Dive 6 - 6 specimen © Casey Dunn. Abritrary orientations. gf. and gm. female and male gonophores, respectively; gz. gastrozooid; p. palpon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261400/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). In life they consisted of a long pedicle (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF94FFD2FEDBF989F895D27F" author="Carre" box="[290,425,1572,1597]" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Plate II, figure 4; but not Plate III, figure 4), a globular stomach region and a short narrow distal proboscis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF94FFD2FEAEF9E4F8FBD223" box="[343,455,1608,1633]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[229,1363,205,1140]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[220,1376,195,1151]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cordagalma ordinatum. Detached and preserved cormidia showing: A – B. offset proximal attachment of palpons. C. proximal attachment of palpon from BWP 544 - 8. D. unpreserved cormidial group from Oceanus Dive 6 - 6 specimen © Casey Dunn. Abritrary orientations. gf. and gm. female and male gonophores, respectively; gz. gastrozooid; p. palpon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261400/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
D). The pedicle was inserted into the base of the stomach region so that its attachment was proximal. This arrangement could remain unaltered on preservation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF94FFD2FC13F9C0FD60D2C7" box="[1002,1116,1644,1669]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[229,1363,205,1140]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[220,1376,195,1151]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cordagalma ordinatum. Detached and preserved cormidia showing: A – B. offset proximal attachment of palpons. C. proximal attachment of palpon from BWP 544 - 8. D. unpreserved cormidial group from Oceanus Dive 6 - 6 specimen © Casey Dunn. Abritrary orientations. gf. and gm. female and male gonophores, respectively; gz. gastrozooid; p. palpon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261400/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C), but more often than not considerable changes in form occurred. The stomach region becomes more elongate and cylindrical but, in particular, the pedicle contracts in such a way that it appears to be attached to one side at the base of the stomach region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF94FFD2FF09F974F85CD2B3" box="[240,352,1752,1777]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[229,1363,205,1140]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[220,1376,195,1151]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cordagalma ordinatum. Detached and preserved cormidia showing: A – B. offset proximal attachment of palpons. C. proximal attachment of palpon from BWP 544 - 8. D. unpreserved cormidial group from Oceanus Dive 6 - 6 specimen © Casey Dunn. Abritrary orientations. gf. and gm. female and male gonophores, respectively; gz. gastrozooid; p. palpon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261400/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). This, possibly, refers to the intermediate attachment position that Carré referred to (see below). There was never any sign of the attachment of a palpacle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF94FFD2FF3EF88CFA19D38B" blockId="13.[151,1436,1536,2029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF94FFD2FF3EF88CF86CD37B" box="[199,336,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gonophores</emphasis>
|
||
: The gonophores were extremely small and, although it was possible to distinguished the male ones (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF94FFD2FEFCF8E8F848D31F" box="[261,372,1860,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[229,1363,205,1140]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[220,1376,195,1151]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cordagalma ordinatum. Detached and preserved cormidia showing: A – B. offset proximal attachment of palpons. C. proximal attachment of palpon from BWP 544 - 8. D. unpreserved cormidial group from Oceanus Dive 6 - 6 specimen © Casey Dunn. Abritrary orientations. gf. and gm. female and male gonophores, respectively; gz. gastrozooid; p. palpon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261400/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), it was extremely difficult positively to identify the female ones. It is thought, by its structure, that the one shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF94FFD2FE77F8C4F8C6D3C3" box="[398,506,1896,1921]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1181,1203]" captionTargetBox="[229,1363,205,1140]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[220,1376,195,1151]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cordagalma ordinatum. Detached and preserved cormidia showing: A – B. offset proximal attachment of palpons. C. proximal attachment of palpon from BWP 544 - 8. D. unpreserved cormidial group from Oceanus Dive 6 - 6 specimen © Casey Dunn. Abritrary orientations. gf. and gm. female and male gonophores, respectively; gz. gastrozooid; p. palpon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261400/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B is female, but only based on the very broad anastomosing radial canals that were present. No gonophores of the sort illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF94FFD2FD30F821FD68D3E7" author="Carre" box="[713,1108,1932,1957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré (1968, Plate III, figs. 2 & 3)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were ever observed, nor did Carré mention the presence of anastomosing radial canals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF94FFD1FF3EF878FD4ED14F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF94FFD1FF3EF878F860D4BA" blockId="13.[151,1436,1536,2029]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF94FFD2FF3EF878F807D3AF" bold="true" box="[199,315,2004,2029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Although, as noted above, the nectophores of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF94FFD2FCA6F878FD6ED3AF" box="[863,1106,2004,2029]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cordagalmatidae" genus="Anthemodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF94FFD2FCA6F878FD6ED3AF" box="[863,1106,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Anthemodes ordinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FF6EFF3BF86FD4F2" author="Haeckel" box="[151,339,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" refString="Haeckel, E. (1888 b) Report on the Siphonophorae collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report of the Scientific Results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 28, 1 - 380." type="journal article" year="1888" yearSuffix="b">Haeckel (1888b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
bear no resemblance to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FD3EFF3BFAF2D4F2" box="[711,974,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FD3EFF3BFAF2D4F2" box="[711,974,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, once a whole specimen had been, albeit briefly, described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FE7EFF10FB26D497" author="Carre" box="[391,538,188,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it was possible to note that their descriptions of the siphosomal elements bore close similarities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF97FFD1FF3EFEA9FA7AD592" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
It is not necessary to detail exhaustively these similarities here but both Haeckel and Carré noted the simplicity of each cormidium, with its gastrozooid, with a tentacle, a palpon, cyston or dactylozooid without palpacle, a male and a female gonodendron and a number of bracts. Such similarities can also be found in their descriptions of the bracts, and the presence of nematocysts on the margins of the facets; the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AE8864FF97FFD1FC23FEDCFD29D5CA" box="[986,1045,368,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">types</typeStatus>
|
||
and distribution of nematocyst on the tentillum, and the presence of a rostrum, belatedly mentioned by Carré, and mistakenly referred to by Haeckel as a terminal filament despite the fact it bore no nematocysts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF97FFD1FF3EFE70FA51D67E" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Despite the brevity of Carré's (1968) description there are six brief paragraphs, under the heading "Variabilité" that are of great importance. Apart from some variations in pigmentation that may only be resolved by examining living material, the most important variations in characters were:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF97FFD1FF3EFDE4FA09D6C6" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">a) In some specimens the pedicle of the palpon was attached laterally, instead of the more usual basal positioning, with some being intermediate between the two;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF97FFD1FF3EFD23FD2BD6EA" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1047,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">b) in some specimens a terminal "rostrum" on the tentillum was absent; and</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF97FFD1FF3EFD18FB5DD6B2" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">c) in some specimens the individual cormidia included gonophores of only one sex, whereas in others gonophores of both sexes were included.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF97FFD1FF3EFD50FA80D71F" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FF3EFD50F864D757" author="Carre" box="[199,344,764,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that it would be premature to consider that these novel characters were of sufficient importance to warrant the designation of a new species mainly, it appears from his notes, because he was unable to be sure that the three characters together formed two distinct groupings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF97FFD1FF3EFCCBFC10D0DD" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Having looked at more recently collected specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FCCCFCCBFD07D7C2" box="[821,1083,871,896]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FCCCFCCBFD07D7C2" box="[821,1083,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, I conclude that the first two of these characters do, in fact, form two distinct groups, and that they provide sufficient evidence to divide Carré's specimens into two different species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FDAFFC1CFBCCD78A" box="[598,752,943,968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FDAFFC1CFBCCD78A" box="[598,752,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has palpons that are attached by their bases to the stem, although there are some differences between the living and preserved material (see above). In addition their tentilla have a terminal "rostre". Thus, it seems that the lateral attachment of the palpons and the absence of a "rostre" on the tentillum are sufficient to distinguish a different species. Fortunately, specimens with very much the same characters, allowing for differences between Carré's fresh and our preserved material, have been collected in Monterey Bay, California and are described herein under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FC7FFBC9FD36D03E" box="[902,1034,1125,1148]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="isocarrei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FC7FFBC9FD36D03E" box="[902,1034,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. isocarrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257AFFF97FFD1FBE8FBC8FD56D03F" box="[1041,1130,1124,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FBE8FBC8FD56D03F" bold="true" box="[1041,1130,1124,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Comparisons will be made between that material and some unpublished pictures to which Claude Carré has kindly given me access.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF97FFD1FF3EFB00FD4ED14F" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Thus, one must be very careful when using any of Carré's (1968) description, and particularly his photographs, for identifying
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FEB2FB63FB6BD0AA" box="[331,599,1231,1256]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FEB2FB63FB6BD0AA" box="[331,599,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For instance, although the figures on Plate I probably all refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FA7BFB7CF837D14F" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FA7BFB7CF837D14F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at least two, and probably three, of those on Plate II refer to the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF97FFD1FF3EFABBFC13D1A6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF97FFD1FF3EFABBFC13D1A6" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FF3EFABBF85CD172" bold="true" box="[199,352,1303,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
While Haeckel's (1888b) original specimen came from the Canary Islands that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FAF8FAB4FCA0D172" author="Totton" box="[1281,1436,1304,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="64" refString="Totton, A. K. (1932) Siphonophora. Scientific Reports. Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 1929, 4, 317 - 374." type="journal article" year="1932">Totton (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
came from the Great Barrier Reef. The species has clearly been found in the superficial waters of the Western Mediterranean (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FE7EFACCFB2AD13A" author="Carre" box="[391,534,1375,1400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" refString="Carre, C. (1968) Description d'un siphonophore Agalmidae, Cordagalma cordiformis Totton, 1932. Beaufortia, 16, 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1968">Carré, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FDD1FAF3FA36D13A" author="Dallot" box="[552,778,1375,1400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" refString="Dallot, S., Goy, J. & Carre, C. (1988} Peuplements de carnivores planctonique gelatineux et structure productives en Mediterranee occidentale. In: Minas, H. & Nival, P. (Eds.), Oceanographie pelagique mediterraneenne. Oceanologica acta 1988, Special Issue No. 9, pp. 193 - 209." type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
Dallot
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FD85FACDFB88D13A" box="[636,692,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FCE4FAF3FADFD13A" author="Gili" box="[797,995,1375,1400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" refString="Gili, J. - M., Pages, F. & Vives, F. (1987) Distribution and ecology of a population of cnidarians in the western Mediterranean. In: Bouillon, J., Boero, F., Cicogna, F. & Cornelius, P. F. S. (Eds.), Modern trends in the systematics and evolution of hydroids and hydromedusae. OUP, Oxford, pp. 157 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1987">
|
||
Gili
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FCAFFACDFAA9D13A" box="[854,917,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) while there are no records for any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FF6EFA28F818D1DF" box="[151,292,1412,1437]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FF6EFA28F818D1DF" box="[151,292,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cordagalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the eastern Mediterranean. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FCC8FA29FAFDD1DE" box="[817,961,1413,1436]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="isocarrei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FCC8FA29FAFDD1DE" box="[817,961,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. isocarrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257AFFF97FFD1FC2DFA28FD05D1DF" box="[980,1081,1412,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FC2DFA28FD05D1DF" bold="true" box="[980,1081,1412,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also occurs in the western Mediterranean, probably at quite shallow depths, based on the records from Monterey Bay, and a third species has been found in the Alborán Sea, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FDBFFA60FA2DD1A7" box="[582,785,1484,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" refString="Mills, C. E., Pugh, P. R., Harbison, G. R. & Haddock, S. H. D. (1996) Medusae, siphonophores and ctenophores of the Alboran Sea, south western Mediterranean. Scientia Marina, 60, 145 - 163." type="journal article">
|
||
Mills
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FD71FA61FB85D1A7" box="[648,697,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1996)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mistakenly referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FBCCFA60FC1BD1A7" box="[1077,1319,1484,1509]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FBCCFA60FC1BD1A7" box="[1077,1319,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cordagalma ordinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF97FFD0FF3EFA43FDA6D496" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF97FFD1FF3EFA43FB85D30E" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FF3EFA43F8E9D24A" box="[199,469,1519,1544]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FF3EFA43F8E9D24A" box="[199,469,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has frequently been found in the Sargasso Sea (N.W. Atlantic Ocean) (personal information). However, with so many new species herein described, it is difficult to be certain that the relatively sparse number of records for a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FE0CF99BFBBED212" box="[501,642,1591,1616]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FE0CF99BFBBED212" box="[501,642,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cordagalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species definitely refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FC57F994FD7FD212" box="[942,1091,1591,1616]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FC57F994FD7FD212" box="[942,1091,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It appears to be a species that lives in superficial warmer waters, at least in the Atlantic Ocean, although its presence in other Oceans remains to be confirmed, with certainty. The record of Pagès
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FD3DF92DFBC9D2DA" box="[708,757,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006) from Oceanographer Canyon, off Woods Hole in the North Atlantic might be dubious, although it was collected at the surface, while records from warmer waters (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FF6EF96BF81DD2A2" author="Biggs" box="[151,289,1735,1760]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" refString="Biggs, D. C. (1977) Field studies of fishing, feeding, and digestion in siphonophores. Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 4, 261 - 274. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 10236247709386958" type="journal article" year="1977">Biggs, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FED5F96BF8F9D2A2" author="Purcell" box="[300,453,1735,1760]" pageId="14" pageNumber="64" refString="Purcell, J. E. (1981) Selective predation and caloric consumption by the siphonophore Rosacea cymbiformis in nature. Marine Biology, 63, 283 - 294. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00395998" type="journal article" year="1981">Purcell, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Dunn, 2005), including the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3027656FF97FFD1FCA4F96BFA8ED2A2" box="[861,946,1735,1760]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Burke, 1975;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FBA2F964FDDBD2A2" author="Gasca" box="[1115,1255,1736,1760]" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" refString="Gasca, R. (1993) Especies y abundancia de sinfonoforos (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) en la region sur del Golfo de Mexico. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29, 220 - 225." type="journal article" year="1993">Gasca, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are likely to be of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FF4DF941F874D347" box="[180,328,1772,1797]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FF4DF941F874D347" box="[180,328,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only deep record for a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FD7DF940FA2DD347" box="[644,785,1772,1797]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FD7DF940FA2DD347" box="[644,785,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cordagalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species comes from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FC03F940FD84D346" author="Casanova" box="[1018,1208,1772,1796]" pageId="14" pageNumber="62" refString="Casanova, J. - P. (1980) Campagnes du " Meteor " dans l'Atlantique N-E. Siphonophores, Meduses et Thecosomes. Distribution verticale et comparaisons faunistiques avec la Mediterranee. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse Reihe, D 32, 15 - 32." type="journal article" year="1980">Casanova (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF97FFD1FADDF940FCA0D347" box="[1316,1436,1772,1797]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="600.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="500.0">500–700m</quantity>
|
||
depth range near Great Meteor Bank (c. 30°N, 30°W). This might indicate that there was either surface leakage into the net, or that the species was not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FDE7F899FB8FD30F" box="[542,691,1844,1869]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FDE7F899FB8FD30F" box="[542,691,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF97FFD0FF3EF8F4FDA6D496" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
In the South Atlantic potentially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF97FFD1FDA9F8FBFA61D332" box="[592,861,1879,1904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF97FFD1FDA9F8FBFA61D332" box="[592,861,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only been recorded in the Benguela current system off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3027656FF97FFD1FEEBF8D0F89DD3D7" box="[274,417,1916,1941]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FE56F8D0FBB6D3D6" author="Pages" box="[431,650,1916,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" refString="Pages, F. & Gili, J. - M. (1992) Siphonophores (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Benguela Current (southeastern Atlantic). Scientia Marina, 56 (Supplement 1), 65 - 112." type="journal article" year="1992">Pagès & Gili, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are only occasional records for the species in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FE74F80DFB1DD3FB" author="Totton" box="[397,545,1952,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="64" refString="Totton, A. K. (1954) Siphonophora of the Indian Ocean together with systematic and biological notes on related specimens from other oceans. Discovery Reports, 27, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1954">Totton, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FDD5F80CFBFCD3FB" author="Daniel" box="[556,704,1952,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="63" refString="Daniel, R. (1985) Coelenterata: Hydrozoa Siphonophora. The fauna of India and adjacent countries, Zoological Survey of India, Madras, 440 pp." type="book" year="1985">Daniel, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while in the south Pacific Ocean, it has been collected from the Great Barrier Reef, of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3027656FF97FFD1FE64F868FB3BD39F" box="[413,519,1988,2013]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FDC3F869FBEAD39E" author="Totton" box="[570,726,1988,2012]" pageId="14" pageNumber="64" refString="Totton, A. K. (1932) Siphonophora. Scientific Reports. Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 1929, 4, 317 - 374." type="journal article" year="1932">Totton (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF97FFD1FCEBF868FD00D39F" author="Russell" box="[786,1084,1988,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="64" refString="Russell, F. S. & Colman, J. S. (1935) The zooplankton. IV. The occurrence and seasonal distribution of the Tunicata, Mollusca and Coelenterata (Siphonophora). Scientific Reports. Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 1929, 2, 203 - 276." type="journal article" year="1935">Russell & Colman (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in eastern and central regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF96FFD0FF67FF3BF855D4F2" author="Stepanjants" box="[158,361,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1967) Siphonophores of the seas of the USSR and the north western part of the Pacific Ocean. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, 96, 1 - 216. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Stepanjants, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF96FFD0FE8DFF3BFB27D4F2" author="Margulis" box="[372,539,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refString="Margulis, R. Ya. (1993) Cordagalma tottoni sp. n. - a new Siphonophora of the suborder Physonectae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Siphonophora). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 72, 14 - 19. Translation in Hydrobiological Journal, 30 (3), 79 - 84, (1994). [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1993">Margulis 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and in the eastern region, off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3027656FF96FFD0FC8CFF3BFA8ED4F2" box="[885,946,151,176]" name="Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF96FFD0FC09FF3BFDBCD4F2" author="Palma" box="[1008,1152,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refString="Palma, S. (1973) Contribucion al estudio de los sifonoforos encontrados a la costa de Valparaiso. I. Taxonomia. Investigaciones Marinas, Valparaiso, 4, 17 - 88." type="journal article" year="1973">Palma, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the northwest Pacific it has been collected in Japanese (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF96FFD0FDE9FF10FA3FD496" author="Kitamura" box="[528,771,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refString="Kitamura, M., Tanaka, Y. & Ishimaru, T. (2003) Coarse scale distributions and community structure of hydromedusae related to water mass structures in two location of Japanese waters in early Summer. Plankton Biology and Ecology, 50, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Kitamura
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FD7AFF11FB88D497" box="[643,692,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Chinese (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF96FFD0FC53FF10FD07D497" author="Zhang" box="[938,1083,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="64" refString="Zhang, J. (2005) Pelagic Siphonophora in China Seas. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 151 pp." type="book" year="2005">Zhang, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F654DFF96FFD0FF3EFF4CFDA9D77A" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF96FFD0FF3EFF4CFD1DD65A" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
In the northeast Pacific the only records for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FD43FF73FAFED4BA" box="[698,962,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FD43FF73FAFED4BA" box="[698,962,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to come from the colder waters of British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3027656FF96FFD0FF15FEA8F861D55F" box="[236,349,260,285]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3027656FF96FFD0FE90FEA8F881D55F" box="[361,445,260,285]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF96FFD0FDF9FEA8FB9CD55F" author="Mackie" box="[512,672,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refString="Mackie, G. O. (1985) Midwater macroplankton of British Columbia studied by submersible PISCES IV. Journal of Plankton Research, 7, 753 - 777. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / plankt / 7.6.753" type="journal article" year="1985">Mackie, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the extensive studies, using ROVs and SCUBA diving, by Dr. S.H.D. Haddock and colleagues in the Monterey Bay region, northern California, have not revealed the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FED9FEE1F889D527" box="[288,437,332,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FED9FEE1F889D527" box="[288,437,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although several other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FD31FEE0FA69D527" box="[712,853,332,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FD31FEE0FA69D527" box="[712,853,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cordagalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are present there, as described herein. It is, therefore, suspected that the records from British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3027656FF96FFD0FD1AFEC3FA6DD5CA" box="[739,849,367,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
refer to one of the new species described below. Certainly
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF96FFD0FEFFFE39FB08D5EE" author="Mapstone" box="[262,564,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refString="Mapstone, G. M. (2009). Siphonophora (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of Canadian Pacific waters. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, 302 pp." type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Mapstone (2009,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF96FFD0FE33FE38FB25D5EE" box="[458,537,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1262,1284]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,716,1238]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1248,716,1238]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Cordagalma abyssorum sp. nov. Photograph of holotype specimen after collection. Anterior to the right. Courtesy of Dr. Stefan Siebert ©." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261404/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
B)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FCF6FE39FA9FD5EF" box="[783,931,404,429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FCF6FE39FA9FD5EF" box="[783,931,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the tentillum has no rostrum; the structure referred to as a rostrum actually represents the distal nematocysts, with their long cnidocils. Similarly, the nectophore and bract shown in her
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E2A43FF96FFD0FDE6FE70FBB8D5B6" box="[543,644,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 22. A" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[407,1168,1052,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[400,1178,1052,1902]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 22. A. In situ frame grab of holotype specimen of Cordagalma rugosum sp. nov. B. Contracted stem of preserved holotype specimen. Scale 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/261412/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
|
||
, B, D actually belong to one of the new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FBBFFE70FDEFD5B7" box="[1094,1235,476,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FBBFFE70FDEFD5B7" box="[1094,1235,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cordagalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described herein, as they were apparently drawn from one of my specimens of that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA36C6FF96FFD0FF3EFD88FDA9D77A" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
There are also a few other records for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FD8CFD88FA41D67F" box="[629,893,548,573]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FD8CFD88FA41D67F" box="[629,893,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cordagalma ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that probably refer to new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FB49FD88FC01D67F" box="[1200,1341,548,573]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FB49FD88FC01D67F" box="[1200,1341,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cordagalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. For instance,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF96FFD0FECAFDE4FB30D622" box="[307,524,583,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refString="Pages, F., Gonzalez, H. E. & Gonzalez, S. R. (1996) Diet of the gelatinous zooplankton in Hardangerfjord (Norway) and potential predatory impact by Aglantha digitale (Trachymedusae). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 139, 69 - 77. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 139069" type="journal article">
|
||
Pagès
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FE87FDE5F88DD622" box="[382,433,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1996)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded the presence of some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FBE2FDE4FDFCD622" box="[1051,1216,583,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cordiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FBE2FDE4FDFCD622" box="[1051,1216,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. cordiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Hardangerfjord,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3027656FF96FFD0FF6EFDC1F9CDD6C7" box="[151,241,621,645]" name="Norway" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
and, similarly.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B37FF96FFD0FE5CFDC0FBF1D6C6" author="Hosia" box="[421,717,620,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="63" refString="Hosia, A. & Bamstedt, U. (2007) Seasonal changes in the gelatinous zooplankton community and hydromedusa abundances in Korsfjord and Fanafjord, western Norway. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 351, 113 - 127. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 07148" type="journal article" year="2007">Hosia & Båmstedt (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D13FD4FFF96FFD0FCBCFDC0FAE3D6C7" box="[837,991,620,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">27 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of what they called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FB36FDC1FC6ED6C7" box="[1231,1362,620,645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FB36FDC1FC6ED6C7" box="[1231,1362,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. ordinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Korsfjord,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3027656FF96FFD0FEEAFD3CF852D6EA" box="[275,366,656,680]" name="Norway" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
, using nets fished from close to the bottom (c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF96FFD0FC71FD23FAF6D6EA" box="[904,970,655,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="600.0">600m</quantity>
|
||
) to the surface; and a single specimen in Fanafjord (
|
||
<quantity id="4CED9B23FF96FFD0FEEDFD18F849D68F" box="[276,373,692,717]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="0.0">0–150m</quantity>
|
||
). Since no specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FD6BFD19FA14D68F" box="[658,808,692,717]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ordinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FD6BFD19FA14D68F" box="[658,808,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. ordinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to have been collected in the northeast Atlantic Ocean at latitudes greater than that of the Straits of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3027656FF96FFD0FD2CFD7BFA00D6B2" box="[725,828,727,752]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is felt that the Norwegian specimens most probably belong to a new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FE9DFD50F8CDD757" box="[356,497,764,789]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Cordagalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FE9DFD50F8CDD757" box="[356,497,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cordagalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Unfortunately, like those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C154D45FF96FFD0FC57FD50FD6CD757" box="[942,1104,764,789]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sphaeronectidae" genus="Sphaeronectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961EAD4FF96FFD0FC57FD50FD6CD757" box="[942,1104,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sphaeronectes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (see Pugh, 2009), these specimens were not retained by the authors and so their identification cannot be confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |