323 lines
32 KiB
XML
323 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329695" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2de37bc1-3782-435b-b655-0f9d77f7afe9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193873962" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6329695" approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1646409764810" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Tepe, EJ & Bohs, L" docDate="2011" docId="03BC87C5FFE9823AFCC5F9BB59CF97B9" docLanguage="en" docName="SystBot.36.4.1068-1087.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Systematic Botany 36 (4)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X605074" docTitle="Solanum dolichorhachis Bitter 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1077" masterDocId="FF85FFBDFFE08230FFFDFFB45C5B9424" masterDocTitle="A revision of Solanum section Herpystichum" masterLastPageNumber="1087" masterPageNumber="1068" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" updateTime="1646746551081" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of Solanum section Herpystichum</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tepe, EJ</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, 257 South 1400 East, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U. S. A.; Department of Biological Sciences, 614 Rieveschl Hall, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eric.tepe@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bohs, L</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, 257 South 1400 East, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematic Botany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>36</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1068</mods:start>
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<mods:end>1087</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X605074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1600/036364411X605074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">2de37bc1-3782-435b-b655-0f9d77f7afe9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6327846</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329695" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193873962" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6329695" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87C5FFE9823AFCC5F9BB59CF97B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87C5FFE9823AFCC5F9BB59CF97B9" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1077" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">
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<subSubSection box="[824,1208,1551,1573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[824,1472,1551,1720]" box="[824,1208,1551,1573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">
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3.
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<taxonomicName authority="Bitter, Repert." authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="2011" box="[847,1208,1551,1573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichorhachis" status="Spec. Nov.">SOLANUM DOLICHORHACHIS Bitter,</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[824,1472,1551,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">
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<treatmentCitation author="Bitter" journal="Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg." page="490" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" score="1.0992452832713058" volume="11" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G." journalOrPublisher="Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" pagination="481 - 491" part="11" refId="ref27774" refString="Bitter, G. 1913 a. Solana nova vel minus cognita VII. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 11: 481 - 491." title="Solana nova vel minus cognita VII" type="journal article" year="1913">
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Repert.
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1295,1406,1551,1572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" rank="species">Spec. Nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Regni Veg. 11: 490. 1913
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[824,1472,1551,1720]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">
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—TYPE:
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3698005312" collectedFrom="" in silvestris, rarium, "" collectingDate="1892-05" collectionCode="M" collectorName="H. Eggers" country="Ecuador" location="Balao" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" specimenCode="M-M0111203" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guayas" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry box="[1172,1298,1580,1601]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion box="[1311,1394,1580,1601]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">Guayas</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87C5FFE9823AFCC5F9BB59CF97B9:8ECA6008FFE98239FA82F99859E79266" box="[1407,1468,1580,1602]" country="Ecuador" name="Balao" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" stateProvince="Guayas">Balao</location>
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,
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<collectedFrom box="[872,1112,1609,1631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">“in silvestris, rarium,”</collectedFrom>
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<date box="[1119,1223,1610,1631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" value="1892-05">
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<collectingDate box="[1119,1223,1610,1631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" value="1892-05">May 1892</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(fl, fr),
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<emphasis box="[1306,1472,1609,1631]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">
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<collectorName box="[1306,1405,1610,1631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">H. Eggers</collectorName>
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14641
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus box="[879,977,1639,1661]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode box="[994,1139,1639,1660]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">M–M0111203</specimenCode>
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!;
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</materialsCitation>
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isotypes: A–GH00077619!, B [destroyed], L–L0403275!, LE [photo!],
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<collectingCountry box="[1332,1364,1668,1690]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">US</collectingCountry>
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–1324515!, WU!; photo of Bisotype [F neg. 2658]: G–G00080131!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1077" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[824,1472,1744,2001]" lastBlockId="10.[160,814,160,2001]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1077" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076">
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Scandent shrub or liana, climbing to
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<quantity box="[1256,1298,1744,1766]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
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or more. Stems slender, wiry-woody, glabrous to moderately pubescent with trichomes
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<quantity box="[936,1058,1803,1824]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
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long, these frequently in distinct lines along stem. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, the arrangement distichous, the blades 4.4–11 ×
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<quantity box="[1353,1468,1861,1883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="1076" unit="cm" value="2.9" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3–4.5 cm</quantity>
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, 2–3 times as long as wide, ovate to elliptical, chartaceous to coriaceous to somewhat fleshy, glabrous to moderately pubescent on the midvein adaxially, glabrous abaxially; venation pinnate, with ca. 5 pairs of secondary veins, the veins sand-punctate; base oblique, sides of the lamina
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<quantity box="[717,808,160,182]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
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distant on the petiole, the two sides rounded to truncate to somewhat cordate; margins entire; apex acuminate; petioles
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<quantity box="[218,343,248,270]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="cm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.6 cm</quantity>
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, moderately pubescent adaxially, sandpunctate. Internodes
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<quantity box="[385,498,278,299]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–2.8 cm</quantity>
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. Inflorescences
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<quantity box="[663,804,277,299]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="cm" value="29.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="3.0">3–55 cmlong</quantity>
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, unbranched, terminal to extra-axillary to nearly leaf-opposed, with 14–116 flowers (scars), the axes slender, densely pubescent; peduncle
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<quantity box="[326,405,365,387]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 cm</quantity>
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; rachis
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<quantity box="[491,582,366,387]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="cm" value="25.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="2.0">2–49 cm</quantity>
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||
; pedicels
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||
<quantity box="[691,778,365,387]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
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in flower, slender,
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||
<quantity box="[324,429,395,416]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="13.0">13–14 mm</quantity>
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||
in fruit, glabrous to minutely pubescent, spaced
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||
<quantity box="[296,399,424,446]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–8 mm</quantity>
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apart. Calyx
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||
<quantity box="[542,645,424,446]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
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||
long, membranous, sparsely pubescent, sand-punctate, the tube ca.
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||
<quantity box="[745,808,454,475]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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||
long, the lobes 0.5–1 × ca.
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||
<quantity box="[445,509,483,504]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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, broadly rounded, rounded to shortly acuminate at tips; fruiting calyx not accrescent. Corolla
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<quantity box="[244,465,541,563]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="cm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1 cmindiameter</quantity>
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,
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||
<quantity box="[475,559,541,563]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
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||
long, stellate, membranous, white to greenish-white, the lobes 3–4.5 ×
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<quantity box="[656,758,571,593]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
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, lanceolate, acute at tips, reflexed at maturity, glabrous adaxially, pubescent along center of petal abaxially, the margins ciliate. Stamens with filaments
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<quantity box="[418,520,659,681]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
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long, glabrous; anthers ca. 2.5 ×
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<quantity box="[219,283,688,710]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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. Ovary glabrous; style 3–4 × ca.
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||
<quantity box="[634,715,688,710]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
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||
, clavate, glabrous; stigma capitate. Fruits (immature) 9–18 ×
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<quantity box="[725,804,717,739]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="cm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 cm</quantity>
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, 2–3 times as long as wide, spindle-shaped to possibly cordate, pointed at apex, the color unknown, glabrous. Seeds unknown.
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<figureCitation box="[275,381,805,827]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[152,187,1809,1828]" captionTargetBox="[128,1472,158,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-82@3.[128,1472,158,1784]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG.2. Flowers, fruits, and habit of Solanum sect.Herpystichum. A. Solanum pentaphyllum, habit and flower (from O. Haught 2551, F). B. S. dalibardiforme, habit and flower (from K. von Sneidern 3121, US). C. S. dolichorhachis, habit, flower, and immature fruit (from F. H. Eggers 14641, A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6327850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6327850/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[160,814,160,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">
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<emphasis box="[184,708,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,478,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Habitat and Distribution—</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="2011" box="[478,708,835,856]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichorhachis">Solanum dolichorhachis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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occurs in the Pacific and Amazonian lowlands of
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<collectingCountry box="[598,687,864,886]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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and in the Amazonian lowlands of
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<collectingCountry box="[421,473,894,915]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Peru</collectingCountry>
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;
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<quantity box="[483,582,893,915]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="m" value="200.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="50.0">50–350 m</quantity>
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in elevation. (
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<figureCitation box="[732,790,893,915]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[184,220,1957,1976]" captionTargetBox="[160,808,1289,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-1078@8.[160,808,1289,1932]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. Distribution of Solanum crassinervium, S. dalibardiforme, and S. dolichorhachis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6327856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6327856/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[160,814,160,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,322,922,944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Phenology—</emphasis>
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Flowering specimens have been collected in Apr. and Dec.; fruits have been collected in Apr.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[160,814,160,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,429,981,1002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Conservation Status—</emphasis>
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According to the IUCN red list categories (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" box="[250,374,1011,1033]" firstAuthor="IUCN" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" publicationUrl="fromhttp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf." refId="ref28409" refString="IUCN. 2010. Guidelines for Using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 8. 0. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in March 2010. Downloadable fromhttp: // intranet. iucn. org / webfiles / doc / SSC / RedList / RedListGuidelines. pdf." title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 8. 0. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in March 2010" type="book" year="2010">IUCN 2010</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="2011" box="[391,555,1011,1032]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichorhachis">
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<emphasis box="[391,555,1011,1032]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">S. dolichorhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is classified as B1a+biii (critically endangered). This species is only known from five widely scattered locations, two of which are in western
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<collectingCountry box="[160,249,1099,1121]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, an area that continues to experience extreme habitat degradation (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dodson and Gentry" box="[349,626,1128,1150]" firstAuthor="Dodson" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" pagination="273 - 295" part="78" refId="ref28251" refString="Dodson, C. H. and A. H. Gentry. 1991. Biological extinction in western Ecuador. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 78: 273 - 295." title="Biological extinction in western Ecuador" type="journal article" year="1991">Dodson and Gentry 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). The location at Limoncocha is in the center of an oil field, continued development of which is encroaching on all sides of the 4,600 ha Reserva Biológica Limoncocha (E. J. Tepe, pers. obs.). Despite its broad distribution, only five collections of this species are known, suggesting that it occurs at low densities, and appears to have been rare even at the time of collection. The label on the
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<typeStatus box="[199,246,1334,1355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">type</typeStatus>
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specimen notes
|
||
<emphasis box="[420,612,1333,1355]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">in silvestris, rarium</emphasis>
|
||
(and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">in silvis rarissimum</emphasis>
|
||
on some of the isotypes).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="2011" box="[522,757,1363,1384]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichorhachis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[522,757,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Solanum dolichorhachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected near the Laguna de Limoncocha near the Río
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[749,808,1393,1414]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Napo</collectingRegion>
|
||
in 1974 (
|
||
<emphasis box="[257,529,1421,1443]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">B. A. Drummond III 7329</emphasis>
|
||
, MO); however, EJT was unable to relocate this species during a five day visit to the Reserva Biológica Limoncocha in 2009.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[160,814,160,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Montufar" box="[184,360,1509,1532]" editor="R. Valencia & N. Pitman & S. Leon-Yanes & P. M. Jorgensen" firstAuthor="Montufar" journalOrPublisher="Quito: Herbario QCA, Pontifica Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" pagination="411 - 417" refId="ref28685" refString="Montufar, R. 2000. Solanaceae. Pp. 411 - 417 in Libro Rojo de las plantas endemicas del Ecuador 2000, eds. R. Valencia, N. Pitman, S. Leon-Yanes, and P. M. Jorgensen. Quito: Herbario QCA, Pontifica Universidad Catolica del Ecuador." title="Solanaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Libro Rojo de las plantas endemicas del Ecuador 2000" year="2000">Montúfar (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="2011" box="[424,587,1509,1531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichorhachis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[424,587,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">S. dolichorhachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a critically endangered species endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[437,527,1539,1561]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. If the Peruvian collection is, in fact, a population of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="2011" box="[450,616,1568,1589]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichorhachis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[450,616,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">S. dolichorhachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below), then the species is more widespread than previously believed. Nevertheless, based on the number of collections available for this species, we believe that it is critically endangered, especially in western
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[347,436,1685,1707]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
where the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[560,607,1686,1707]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">type</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected and which has experienced tremendous habitat destruction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[160,814,160,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,325,1744,1766]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Etymology—</emphasis>
|
||
The epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="2011" box="[461,599,1744,1765]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichorhachis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[461,599,1744,1765]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">dolichorhachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the long, slender inflorescences of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[160,814,160,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,504,1803,1824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,271,1803,1824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Notes—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="2011" box="[271,504,1803,1824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichorhachis">Solanum dolichorhachis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a climbing species recognizable by the long and slender inflorescences, small stellate flowers, spindle-shaped fruits, and the simple, usually large leaves with distinctly oblique bases. This species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[224,345,1920,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[224,345,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">S. pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the wiry-woody stems, densely shortpubescent inflorescences and young stems, and oblique leaf bases set this species apart.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[856,1510,160,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
The label from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1075,1122,161,182]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">type</typeStatus>
|
||
collection describes the fruits as cordate (
|
||
<emphasis box="[918,1058,189,210]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">fructu cordato</emphasis>
|
||
). It is difficult to know what Eggers saw in three dimensions based on the single fruit on the isotype at A, but Egger’s notes suggest that the fruits may have been flattened and, therefore, possibly somewhat like those of the ground-trailing species in shape (i.e.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1247,1361,307,329]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[184,220,1816,1835]" captionTargetBox="[160,1504,158,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[160,1504,158,1791]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG.1. Flowers fruits, and habit of Solanum sect. Herpystichum: A. Solanum limoncochaense, habit, flower, and bud. B. S. limoncochaense fruit in situ and C. in cross section (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2627, QCNE). D. S. trifolium flower and leaf (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2682, QCNE). E. S. phaseoloides habit, flower, and leaf (photo by W. H. Haber). F. S. crassinervium habit (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2729, QCNE), and G. flowers (S. Stern & E. J. Tepe 400, QCNE). H. S. evolvulifolium habit and flower, and I. fruit (immature) (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2671, QCNE). J. S. pacificum inflorescence with flowers, buds, and fruit (immature), and K. habit (E. J. Tepe et al. 2696, QCNE). L. S. loxophyllum habit, note adventitious roots at nodes, and M. older stem with inflorescences, note figure eightshaped stem (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2726, QCNE). Inflorescences emerge from the cleft between the two lobes of the stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6327848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6327848/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Figs. 1B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[856,1510,160,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
The collections of this species from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1367,1456,336,358]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
differ somewhat from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1110,1157,366,387]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in that they have longer pubescence, darker stems that are densely sand-punctate (vs. light tan, non-punctate stems), inflorescences with less dense and coarser pubescence, and non-punctate calyces. The Peruvian collection is closer to the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1133,1180,483,504]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in leaf shape than collections from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1008,1097,512,534]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but the plant appears to be rather fleshy. It is possible that the two variants from the regions east of the Andes merit recognition at the species level; however, they have no unambiguous, qualitative differences and, since this species has been collected few times, there is currently insufficient material upon which to base further taxonomic decisions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[856,1510,160,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[888,1222,714,734]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Additional Specimens Examined—</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1223,1328,714,733]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1348,1439,714,733]" country="Ecuador" name="Los Rios" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Los Ríos</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Near Quevedo, Canton Vinces, Hacienda San José,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1256,1310,738,757]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" precision="925" value="-0.5">0°30’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1315,1389,738,757]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" precision="925" value="-79.35">79°21’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[1396,1440,738,757]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" value="1934-10-28">28 Oct 1934</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis box="[940,1061,762,781]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Y. Mexia 6617</emphasis>
|
||
(UC,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1115,1144,762,781]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Sucumbíos: Limoncocha on Río Napo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[856,940,785,805]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-0.3875">0°23′15”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[947,1048,785,805]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-76.60972">76°36′35″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[1058,1115,786,805]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1126,1222,786,805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" value="1974-10-01">1 Oct 1974</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis box="[1269,1444,786,805]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">B. A. Drummond III</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1458,1499,786,805]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
|
||
). Orellana: Parque Nacional Yasuni, Río Tiputini, al noroeste de al confluencia con el Río Tivacuno,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1098,1158,834,853]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" precision="925" value="-0.6333333">0°38’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1164,1244,834,853]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" precision="925" value="-76.5">76°30’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[1254,1349,834,853]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200–300 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1359,1467,834,853]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" value="2002-04-25">25 Apr 2002</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis box="[856,1008,858,877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">G. Villa et al. 1461</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[856,1510,160,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[888,944,882,901]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[953,1013,882,901]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">Loreto</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Maynas, Indiana, Reserva Explorama,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1367,1421,882,901]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" precision="925" value="-3.4666667">3°28’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1427,1501,882,901]" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" precision="925" value="-72.833336">72°50’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[856,910,906,925]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" unit="m" value="106.0">106 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[919,1019,906,925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" value="1990-05-09">9 May 1990</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis box="[1059,1329,906,925]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077">R. Vásquez & N. Jaramillo 13680</emphasis>
|
||
(MO,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1385,1418,906,925]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="10" pageNumber="1077" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |