442 lines
76 KiB
XML
442 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="C1188EEA30D95B67A8F04397C42A746D" ID-CLB-Dataset="46632" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.204907" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c69a7af4-e93f-45bb-ab70-b0b8cf123f56" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="204907" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460371802258" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhong, Wen, Zhang, Jun-Xia & Hua, Bao-Zhen" docDate="2011" docId="03BB9445FFC73A0C5CE8FC760B50FE52" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02921p055.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2921" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Panorpodes kuandianensis Zhong, Zhang & Hua, 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FF82EC3DFFC63A0A5C7FFFBD0F6AFFD5" masterDocTitle="Panorpodes kuandianensis, a new species of short-faced scorpionflies (Mecoptera, Panorpodidae) from Liaoning, China" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698295822128" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0F0DB5C20F0FDBD6F12598665D0000AE">Panorpodes kuandianensis, a new species of short-faced scorpionflies (Mecoptera, Panorpodidae) from Liaoning, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EAA14BF927600726EE12F0F99524BE44">Zhong, Wen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B4D568EA3ED605EE865BCA08AB34A69">Zhang, Jun-Xia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="91CE57C48F4B5CF5F8A4801197383326">Hua, Bao-Zhen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="71AD557078A2B3A4AAA11A59B1B231FE">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BB9445FFC73A0C5CE8FC760B50FE52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6183032" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119412206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6183032" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB9445FFC73A0C5CE8FC760B50FE52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB9445FFC73A0C5CE8FC760B50FE52" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC73A0B5CE8FC760D5CFC31" blockId="1.[151,566,971,1032]" box="[151,566,971,996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<heading id="D0E5923FFFC73A0B5CE8FC760D5CFC31" bold="true" box="[151,566,971,996]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC73A0B5CE8FC760EA5FC31" box="[151,463,971,996]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuandianensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B966F941FFC73A0B5CE8FC760EA5FC31" bold="true" box="[151,463,971,996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Panorpodes kuandianensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255443AFFC73A0B5DA2FC710D5CFC31" box="[477,566,972,996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC73A0B5CE8FC4D0E78FBDD" blockId="1.[151,566,971,1032]" box="[151,274,1008,1032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC73A0B5CE0FC4D0E63FBDD" box="[159,265,1008,1032]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1117,1140]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1805,1828]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionStartId-5="7.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1413,633,1095]" captionTargetBox-1="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetBox-2="[166,1426,213,1771]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetBox-4="[170,1416,447,1896]" captionTargetBox-5="[170,1404,202,1134]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[173,1413,633,1096]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1784]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[170,1417,447,1913]" captionTargetId-5="figure@7.[170,1417,193,1140]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Male, habitus; B. Female, habitus." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., showing variation in venation and markings. A. Left wings of a male (Mt. Huabo); B. Right wings of a male (Baipuxia); C, D. Left and right wings of a single male (Baipuxia); E, F. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo); G, H. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., aedeagus complex. A, D. Ventral view; B, E. Lateral view; C, F. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal paramere; dpr, dorsal process; dv, dorsal valve; lp, lateral process; st, basal stalk; vp, ventral paramere; vv, ventral valve. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., female abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VII – XI extended, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Abdominal segments IX – XI, ventral view; D. Same, lateral view; E – G. Genital plate, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/204908/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/204910/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/204912/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/204913/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30876D8FFC73A0B5CE8FB8E0A34FB0E" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC73A0B5CE8FB8E0E49FBBA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1073,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<bibRef id="52B2B1A5FFC73A0B5CE8FB8E0E49FBBA" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="journal article">
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<emphasis id="B966F941FFC73A0B5CE8FB8E0E61FB9E" bold="true" box="[151,267,1075,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<title id="F916CE65FFC73A0B5CE8FB8E0E6CFB9E" box="[151,262,1075,1099]" jopScore="0.06534246" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<typeStatus id="54A99BF1FFC73A0B5CE8FB8E0E6CFB9E" box="[151,262,1075,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</title>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<author id="53AFCDB6FFC73A0B5D6BFB8F0ED0FB9F" box="[276,442,1074,1098]" fns="I" npo="LF" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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Male,
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<collectingCountry id="F30565C3FFC73A0B5D22FB8F0ED0FB9F" box="[349,442,1074,1098]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">CHINA</collectingCountry>
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</author>
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:
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<journalOrPublisher id="51D32F9FFFC73A0B5DB8FB8F0CBDFB9F" box="[455,983,1073,1099]" jopScore="0.8061236" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B966F941FFC73A0B5DB8FB8F0D32FB9E" bold="true" box="[455,600,1074,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">LIAONING</emphasis>
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: Mt. Huabo (41°06ʹN, 125°00ʹE)
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</journalOrPublisher>
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,
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<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC73A0B5F9AFB8F0B5BFB9F" box="[997,1073,1074,1098]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="565.0">
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<part id="FFB68FCEFFC73A0B5F9AFB8F0B65FB9F" box="[997,1039,1074,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="volume">565</part>
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m
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||
</quantity>
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, Kuandian County,
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<pagination id="B2DBDBA7FFC73A0B596AFB8F0A58FB9F" box="[1301,1330,1074,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="pagination">28</pagination>
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||
.VI.
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<year id="FFBA6400FFC73A0B5926FB8F0AFDFB9F" box="[1369,1431,1074,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">2010</year>
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, leg. J. Chen.
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||
</bibRef>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC73A0B5CBAFBC60A34FB0E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1073,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B966F941FFC73A0B5CBAFBC60E2EFB46" bold="true" box="[197,324,1147,1171]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<typeStatus id="54A99BF1FFC73A0B5CBAFBC60E55FB46" box="[197,319,1147,1171]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F30565C3FFC73A0B5D35FBC70ECDFB47" box="[330,423,1146,1170]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">CHINA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="B966F941FFC73A0B5DCEFBC70D28FB46" bold="true" box="[433,578,1146,1171]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">LIAONING</emphasis>
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: 10335ƤƤ, same data as the
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<typeStatus id="54A99BF1FFC73A0B5FE9FBC70C96FB47" box="[918,1020,1146,1170]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; 10336ƤƤ, Mt. Huabo,
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<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC73A0B5968FBC70AFDFB47" box="[1303,1431,1146,1170]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="625.0" valueMax="650.0" valueMin="600.0">600–650 m</quantity>
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, Kuandian Co.,
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<date id="FFAC0393FFC73A0B5D3CFB220E85FB62" box="[323,495,1183,1207]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" value="2010-06-28" valueMax="2010-06-30" valueMin="2010-06-28">28–30.VI.2010</date>
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, leg. Y. Wei; 6333ƤƤ, Baipuxia,
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<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC73A0B5F03FB220CACFB62" box="[892,966,1183,1207]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="565.0">565 m</quantity>
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, Kuandian Co.,
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<date id="FFAC0393FFC73A0B5800FB220A6BFB62" box="[1151,1281,1183,1207]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" value="2010-06-29">29.VI.2010</date>
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, leg. J. Chen; 9333ƤƤ, Quanshan Forest Farm (41°01ʹN, 124°58ʹE),
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<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC73A0B5F70FB7F0C32FB0F" box="[783,856,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
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||
, Kuandian Co.,
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<date id="FFAC0393FFC73A0B5871FB7F0BCDFB0F" box="[1038,1191,1218,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" value="2009-07-03" valueMax="2009-07-07" valueMin="2009-07-03">3–7.VII.2009</date>
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, leg. J.C. Wang.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30876D8FFC73A0B5CBAFB5B0A55FA60" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC73A0B5CBAFB5B0A55FA60" blockId="1.[151,1437,1073,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B966F941FFC73A0B5CBAFB5B0E55FB2A" bold="true" box="[197,319,1254,1279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This new species closely resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC73A0B5E99FB550B5EFB2A" authority="Hua, 1998" authorityName="Hua" authorityYear="1998" box="[742,1076,1255,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
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<emphasis id="B966F941FFC73A0B5E99FB550CC8FB2A" box="[742,930,1255,1279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">P. brevicaudatus</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8358A2FFC73A0B5FCCFB5A0B46FB2A" author="Hua" box="[947,1068,1255,1279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Hua, B. Z. (1998) Panorpa in Changbai Mountains with descriptions of four new species (Mecoptera: Panorpidae). Entomotaxonomia, 20, 37 - 43." type="journal article" year="1998">Hua, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Changbai Mountains, Jilin Province, in general appearance, but is distinguished from the latter by having wings with blackish brown markings; vein R4+5 much shorter than half the length of R2+3; hypovalve expanded apically with an almost truncated apex. The new species is also similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC73A0B5EDAFAEA0C85FAB8" authority="Okamoto, 1925" authorityName="Okamoto" authorityYear="1925" box="[677,1007,1365,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="komaensis">
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<emphasis id="B966F941FFC73A0B5EDAFAEA0C5CFAB8" box="[677,822,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">P. komaensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8358A2FFC73A0B5F40FAE80C85FAB8" author="Okamoto" box="[831,1007,1365,1389]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Okamoto, H. (1925) The Mecoptera of Corea. Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Government-General of Chosen, 2, 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1925">Okamoto, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F30565C3FFC73A0B584AFAEB0B17FAB8" box="[1077,1149,1366,1389]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Korea</collectingCountry>
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, but can be separated by: having pleura of abdominal segment VII strongly sclerotized and indicated by longitudinal fissures; and hypovalves nearly parallel, shorter than the stalk, with more than 10 black spines along the apical inner margin.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30876D8FFC73A0B5CBAFA7F0CD5FA0C" box="[197,959,1473,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC73A0B5CBAFA7F0CD5FA0C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1073,2037]" box="[197,959,1473,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC73A0B5CBAFA7F0E26FA0F" bold="true" box="[197,332,1474,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific name refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A99BF1FFC73A0B5ECCFA7F0D89FA0F" box="[691,739,1474,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
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locality, Kuandian.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30876D8FFC73A0F5CBAFA580E6CFEC9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC73A0B5CBAFA580DF2F903" blockId="1.[151,1437,1073,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC73A0B5CBAFA580E3DFA2B" bold="true" box="[197,343,1509,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Description.</emphasis>
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Male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC73A0B5DD4FA580E87FA28" box="[427,493,1509,1533]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1117,1140]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,633,1095]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[173,1413,633,1096]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Male, habitus; B. Female, habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204908/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A): Vertex pale tan, whitish yellow around lateral ocelli. Ocellar triangle blackish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC73A0B5C91F9B40E5BF9F4" box="[238,305,1545,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C), with two pairs of ocellar bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC73A0B5EACF9B40C7CF9F4" box="[723,790,1545,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Frons whitish yellow below eyes and around antennal sockets. Rostrum short, pale tan, with two brown longitudinal stripes; labrum and labium yellowish brown. Maxillary palps 5-segmented, yellowish, darkening gradually toward apex. Mandibles reddish brown, rounded at tip, with inner margin appreciably curved and minutely serrate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC73A0B5F37F9C80CE7F958" box="[840,909,1653,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E) and inner side of the apical part with three teeth, the middle tooth pointed and the other two blunt (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC73A0B5F7CF9240C2DF964" box="[771,839,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Antennal scape yellowish brown, pedicel blackish brown, flagellum black with 34–38 segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC73A0B5CBAF95C0E42F820" blockId="1.[151,1437,1073,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Thorax yellowish brown dorsally, with uneven dark stripes, especially on the latero-posterior margins of meso- and metathorax. Pronotum with 6–8 black setae along anterior margin, and 6 setae along posterior margin. Mesonotum with two pairs of setae laterally on mesoscutum; 2–4 setae along posterior margin of mesoscutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC73A0B5CE0F8F00F89F8B0" box="[159,227,1869,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H). Metanotum smaller than mesonotum, without setae. Pleura pale yellow. Legs brown with yellowish tint. Coxae bearing setae on anterior surface; tibiae with several spines along two lateral sides and with two apical spurs; tarsomeres blackish brown, with numerous ventral setae and several thick, black apical spines; apical tarsomere with three long setae at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC73A0B5E44F8040D14F804" box="[571,638,1977,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFAC0393FFC73A0B5E11F8040D14F804" box="[622,638,1977,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">2</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). Claws strongly curved, with 3–5 conical teeth along basal inner margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC73A0B5CB5F8600E64F820" box="[202,270,2013,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC43A085CBAFF2A0B04FD91" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC43A085DFCFF2A0D42FF7A" box="[387,552,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.335" metricValueMax="1.43" metricValueMin="1.24" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="13.35" valueMax="14.3" valueMin="12.4">12.4–14.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width 4.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC43A085ED4FF2A0C69FF7A" box="[683,771,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; hindwing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC43A085FB4FF2A0B05FF7A" box="[971,1135,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" metricValueMax="1.24" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="11.8" valueMax="12.4" valueMin="11.2">11.2–12.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC43A0858BFFF2A0A20FF7A" box="[1216,1354,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9499999999999997" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="3.9499999999999997" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Wings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085CE0FF010F8FFF01" box="[159,229,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) tinged with yellowish brown, with blackish brown apical and pterostigmal bands. Markings variable, even between left and right wings of a single specimen. In forewing, apical band broad, often enclosing a large hyaline window (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085D4BFEB90E13FEC9" box="[308,377,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A), which is sometimes divided into one large and 1–2 small spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A0858FEFEB90BAFFEC9" box="[1153,1221,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1805,1828]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,213,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., showing variation in venation and markings. A. Left wings of a male (Mt. Huabo); B. Right wings of a male (Baipuxia); C, D. Left and right wings of a single male (Baipuxia); E, F. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo); G, H. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204910/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). In some males, apical band reduced to irregular spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085E2DFE9A0DCAFEEA" box="[594,672,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1805,1828]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,213,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., showing variation in venation and markings. A. Left wings of a male (Mt. Huabo); B. Right wings of a male (Baipuxia); C, D. Left and right wings of a single male (Baipuxia); E, F. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo); G, H. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204910/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C, D). Pterostigmal band incomplete, usually reduced to a small irregular spot just below pterostigma. Numerous microtrichia present on all longitudinal veins and on the upper surface of most cells, extraordinarily dense on stigma, but scarce in basal area of hindwings. In forewings, vein Sc extending into pterostigma; R2 usually 2-branched; R4+5 much shorter than half the length of R2+3; origin of R4+5 beyond first fork of median vein (position of the thyridium); M1 usually unbranched. Cross-veins hyaline in apical band, pale yellow elsewhere. Hindwings similar to forewings, but Sc shorter; R1 two-branched; M coalescing basally with CuA for a short distance. Venation varying, even between the left and right wings of a single individual (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085CB7FD910E7CFD91" box="[200,278,556,580]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1805,1828]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,213,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., showing variation in venation and markings. A. Left wings of a male (Mt. Huabo); B. Right wings of a male (Baipuxia); C, D. Left and right wings of a single male (Baipuxia); E, F. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo); G, H. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204910/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D). Forewing with 5–6 jugal bristles, hindwing with two frenular bristles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D75DBFFC43A085CE8FBE00B69FBA6" box="[151,1027,1117,1140]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204908/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[173,1413,633,1095]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC43A085CE8FBE00B69FBA6" blockId="2.[151,1027,1117,1140]" box="[151,1027,1117,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC43A085CE8FBE00E79FBA6" bold="true" box="[151,275,1117,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC43A085D66FBE30D41FBA1" box="[281,555,1118,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuandianensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC43A085D66FBE30D41FBA1" box="[281,555,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Panorpodes kuandianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC43A085E4EFBE30DEBFBA6" bold="true" box="[561,641,1118,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255443AFFC43A085E4EFBE30DEBFBA6" box="[561,641,1118,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. Male, habitus; B. Female, habitus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC43A085CBAFB1E0B67FA9E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1187,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Abdomen usually yellowish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085E1CFB1E0DC9FB6E" box="[611,675,1187,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1117,1140]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,633,1095]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[173,1413,633,1096]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Male, habitus; B. Female, habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204908/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Terga II–VI with wide W-shaped blackish stripe, which gradually narrows from tergum III to VI; the corresponding sterna slightly paler; intersegmental membranes yellowish white. Pleural membrane of segments I–VI distinct, cream-coloured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085FD4FB560C85FAD6" box="[939,1007,1259,1283]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Segment VI slightly tapering caudally. Segments VII and VIII shortened and completely sclerotized into a ring, with the pleuron as a longitudinal fissure on either side; spiracle visible on the fissure on each segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085FDAFA8E0C83FA9E" box="[933,1001,1331,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC43A095CBAFAEA0E62FF01" blockId="2.[151,1437,1187,2004]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,611]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Male genital bulb elliptic, yellowish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085EC2FAEA0C66FABA" box="[701,780,1367,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–E). Epandrium (tergum IX) broad at base, nearly parallel-sided for most of its length, rounded at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085EB2FAC60C79FA46" box="[717,787,1403,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Hypandrium (sternum IX) broad, with conspicuously long stalk about twice as long as wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085E2DFA220DFDFA62" box="[594,663,1439,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Hypovalves short, convergent distally and truncated at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085910FA220FCDFA0E" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B), trapezoid in lateral aspect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085D82FA7E0D2BFA0E" box="[509,577,1475,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D); each hypovalve with a rounded pendulous expansion along the basal half of mesal side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085D45FA5A0E14FA2A" box="[314,382,1511,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B), with 10–16 black strongly-sclerotized spines along apical mesal margin; a blunt projection at the basal mesal part, and densely covered with short microscopic spinules and terminating in a thick conical spine directed caudally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085DD5F9920E84F992" box="[426,494,1583,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Gonostylus much shorter than gonocoxite, with median blunt triangular process on inner margin, elongate basal process, broad basal tooth, and a tuft of minute setae basally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A0858BFF9EE0A6EF9BE" box="[1216,1284,1619,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F); basal process bearing numerous thick basiconic sensilla; basal tooth thickened and glabrous except the most basal portion, which appears somewhat rectangular in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085E90F9260C59F966" box="[751,819,1691,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F); basal tooth often concealed under the basal process and aedeagus in ventral aspect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085E63F9020D0CF902" box="[540,614,1727,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1370,1393]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[170,1417,337,1349]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI – VIII, lateral view; B – D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Paired parameres and the median aedeagus associated intimately, appressed to each other near mid-length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085E1DF95E0DCCF92E" box="[610,678,1763,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,447,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[170,1417,447,1913]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., aedeagus complex. A, D. Ventral view; B, E. Lateral view; C, F. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal paramere; dpr, dorsal process; dv, dorsal valve; lp, lateral process; st, basal stalk; vp, ventral paramere; vv, ventral valve. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204912/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Parameres Y-shaped in lateral view, consisting of a single weaklysclerotized long basal stalk and a ventral and a dorsal paramere. Ventral paramere weakly sclerotized, flattened, touching the opposing paramere mesially at base, with a truncated apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085FA4F8960B43F896" box="[987,1065,1835,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,447,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[170,1417,447,1913]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., aedeagus complex. A, D. Ventral view; B, E. Lateral view; C, F. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal paramere; dpr, dorsal process; dv, dorsal valve; lp, lateral process; st, basal stalk; vp, ventral paramere; vv, ventral valve. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204912/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A, D). Dorsal paramere strongly sclerotized, with short lateral process arising from the middle part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085FFAF8F20CACF8B2" box="[901,966,1871,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,447,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[170,1417,447,1913]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., aedeagus complex. A, D. Ventral view; B, E. Lateral view; C, F. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal paramere; dpr, dorsal process; dv, dorsal valve; lp, lateral process; st, basal stalk; vp, ventral paramere; vv, ventral valve. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204912/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C) and large, protruding dorsal process extending from the base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085DCBF8CE0D6BF85E" box="[436,513,1907,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,447,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[170,1417,447,1913]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., aedeagus complex. A, D. Ventral view; B, E. Lateral view; C, F. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal paramere; dpr, dorsal process; dv, dorsal valve; lp, lateral process; st, basal stalk; vp, ventral paramere; vv, ventral valve. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204912/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B, E); dorsal process anteriorly connected with a complicated sclerotized structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A085CE0F82A0F87F87A" box="[159,237,1943,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,447,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[170,1417,447,1913]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., aedeagus complex. A, D. Ventral view; B, E. Lateral view; C, F. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal paramere; dpr, dorsal process; dv, dorsal valve; lp, lateral process; st, basal stalk; vp, ventral paramere; vv, ventral valve. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204912/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Caudal elongation with slender distal lobe extending beyond apex of aedeagus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC43A0858C9F82A0A69F87A" box="[1206,1283,1943,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1934,1957]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,447,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[170,1417,447,1913]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., aedeagus complex. A, D. Ventral view; B, E. Lateral view; C, F. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal paramere; dpr, dorsal process; dv, dorsal valve; lp, lateral process; st, basal stalk; vp, ventral paramere; vv, ventral valve. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204912/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C, F). Aedeagus strongly sclerotized distally and consisting of paired ventral and dorsal valves. Ventral valves mostly concealed by ventral parameres, with only the apices exposed. Dorsal valves short, concealed by other structures in natural condition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC53A095CBAFF620A46FDB7" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC53A095D58FF620E02FF22" box="[295,360,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1117,1140]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,633,1095]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[173,1413,633,1096]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Male, habitus; B. Female, habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204908/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B): Head yellowish brown, rostrum darker than in male or tinged with blackish brown. Ocellar triangle blackish, generally with two pairs of ocellar bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC53A095F30FEB90CF9FEC9" box="[847,915,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D), but two females with an additional bristle. Forewings
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC53A095D68FE9A0ED6FEEA" box="[279,444,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" metricValueMax="1.52" metricValueMin="1.3599999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="14.399999999999999" valueMax="15.2" valueMin="13.6">13.6–15.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC53A095E77FE9A0DFBFEEA" box="[520,657,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="4.35" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="4.1">4.1–4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Hindwings
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC53A095F19FE9A0B61FEEA" box="[870,1035,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2349999999999999" metricValueMax="1.26" metricValueMin="1.21" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="12.35" valueMax="12.6" valueMin="12.1">12.1–12.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 3.8–4.0 mm wide. Forewing with broad apical band enclosing two large hyaline windows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC53A095F21FEF10CCFFEB1" box="[862,933,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Reduced pterostigmal band more prominent than in males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC53A095D0CFED20ED9FE52" box="[371,435,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1805,1828]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,213,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., showing variation in venation and markings. A. Left wings of a male (Mt. Huabo); B. Right wings of a male (Baipuxia); C, D. Left and right wings of a single male (Baipuxia); E, F. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo); G, H. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204910/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E–H), sometimes with distal branch moderately developed between veins M2 and M4, not reaching posterior margin of forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC53A095E2CFE2A0DFDFE7A" box="[595,663,407,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1894,1917]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[170,1417,663,1872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Markings varying frequently, even in the same specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC53A095934FE2A0AE6FE7A" box="[1355,1420,407,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1805,1828]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,213,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1784]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., showing variation in venation and markings. A. Left wings of a male (Mt. Huabo); B. Right wings of a male (Baipuxia); C, D. Left and right wings of a single male (Baipuxia); E, F. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo); G, H. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204910/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
– H). Abdomen usually yellowish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC53A095E1AFE070DCDFE07" box="[613,679,442,466]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1117,1140]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,633,1095]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[173,1413,633,1096]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Male, habitus; B. Female, habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204908/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Segments I–V similar to male. Segment VI blackish brown in posterior third, much longer than segment V, tapering posteriorly; pleural membranes not as wide as those of preceding segments. Segments VII and VIII slender, pale yellowish brown. Terga strongly sclerotized, dark-colored along the lateral edges and midline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC53A095E45FD9A0DEAFDEA" box="[570,640,551,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionTargetBox="[170,1404,202,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[170,1417,193,1140]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., female abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VII – XI extended, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Abdominal segments IX – XI, ventral view; D. Same, lateral view; E – G. Genital plate, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204913/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Sternum VII slender, sternum VIII separated medially by a membrane for its full length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC53A095DD7FDF70E81FDB7" box="[424,491,586,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionTargetBox="[170,1404,202,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[170,1417,193,1140]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., female abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VII – XI extended, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Abdominal segments IX – XI, ventral view; D. Same, lateral view; E – G. Genital plate, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204913/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B); these two segments frequently concealed within segment VI (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC53A0958B8FDF70A6CFDB7" box="[1223,1286,586,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1117,1140]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,633,1095]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[173,1413,633,1096]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov. A. Male, habitus; B. Female, habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204908/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D75DBFFC53A095CE8F8DB0F90F80D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204909/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[170,1416,663,1872]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC53A095CE8F8DB0F90F80D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1894,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC53A095CE8F8DB0E7FF8AE" bold="true" box="[151,277,1894,1917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC53A095D62F8DB0D5BF8A9" box="[285,561,1894,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuandianensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC53A095D62F8DB0D5BF8A9" box="[285,561,1894,1916]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Panorpodes kuandianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC53A095E45F8DA0DE6F8A9" bold="true" box="[570,652,1895,1916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255443AFFC53A095E45F8DA0DE6F8A9" box="[570,652,1895,1916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. Wings of male; B. Wings of female; C. Head of male, frontal view; D. Head of female, frontal view; E. Middle part of mandibles, showing the serrate inner margin; F. Distal portion of mandible; G. Ocellar triangle, showing ocellar bristles; H. Thorax, dorsal view; I. Distal tarsomeres and pretarsus, dorsal view; J. Claw, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D75DBFFC23A0E5CE8F8B00B44F8B5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204910/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[166,1426,213,1771]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC23A0E5CE8F8B00B44F8B5" blockId="4.[151,1437,1805,1889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC23A0E5CE8F8B00E7EF8F6" bold="true" box="[151,276,1805,1828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC23A0E5D63F8B30D5AF8F1" box="[284,560,1806,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuandianensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC23A0E5D63F8B30D5AF8F1" box="[284,560,1806,1828]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Panorpodes kuandianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC23A0E5E47F8B30DE0F8F6" bold="true" box="[568,650,1806,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255443AFFC23A0E5E47F8B30DE0F8F6" box="[568,650,1806,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, showing variation in venation and markings. A. Left wings of a male (Mt. Huabo); B. Right wings of a male (Baipuxia); C, D. Left and right wings of a single male (Baipuxia); E, F. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo); G, H. Left and right wings of a single female (Mt. Huabo).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC23A0F5CBAF8300E6CFEC9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1933,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC23A0E5DF0F8300EB7F870" box="[399,477,1933,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionTargetBox="[170,1404,202,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[170,1417,193,1140]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., female abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VII – XI extended, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Abdominal segments IX – XI, ventral view; D. Same, lateral view; E – G. Genital plate, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204913/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C–G): Subgenital plate pale, weakly sclerotized along the midline, with two sub-dorsal, light brown stripes furnished with numerous setae; apex deeply emarginated in a V-shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC23A0E58C9F80C0B93F81C" box="[1206,1273,1969,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionTargetBox="[170,1404,202,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[170,1417,193,1140]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., female abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VII – XI extended, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Abdominal segments IX – XI, ventral view; D. Same, lateral view; E – G. Genital plate, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204913/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Tergum IX with semicircular sclerite, separated from the main part by lateral sulci. Pleural membrane of segment IX almost entirely fused with subgenital plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC33A0F5E49FF2A0D11FF7A" box="[566,635,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionTargetBox="[170,1404,202,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[170,1417,193,1140]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., female abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VII – XI extended, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Abdominal segments IX – XI, ventral view; D. Same, lateral view; E – G. Genital plate, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Genital plate rather short, subtriangular at ventral aspect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC33A0F5948FF2A0A16FF7A" box="[1335,1404,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionTargetBox="[170,1404,202,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[170,1417,193,1140]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., female abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VII – XI extended, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Abdominal segments IX – XI, ventral view; D. Same, lateral view; E – G. Genital plate, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E), situated at the base in genital chamber formed ventrally by subgenital plate. Main plate of genital plate blackish, strongly sclerotized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC33A0F5DF8FF620EA6FF22" box="[391,460,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionTargetBox="[170,1404,202,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[170,1417,193,1140]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., female abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VII – XI extended, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Abdominal segments IX – XI, ventral view; D. Same, lateral view; E – G. Genital plate, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F), bending laterally into a broad ventral lobe, projecting caudally in a broad triangle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939D6FFC33A0F5CE0FEB90F89FEC9" box="[159,227,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1161,1184]" captionTargetBox="[170,1404,202,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[170,1417,193,1140]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panorpodes kuandianensis sp. nov., female abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VII – XI extended, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Abdominal segments IX – XI, ventral view; D. Same, lateral view; E – G. Genital plate, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204913/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D75DBFFC33A0F5CE8FAE70E82FA7B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/204911/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[170,1412,337,1348]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC33A0F5CE8FAE70E82FA7B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1370,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5CE8FAE70E79FAA5" bold="true" box="[151,275,1370,1393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC33A0F5D65FAE60D46FAA4" box="[282,556,1371,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuandianensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5D65FAE60D46FAA4" box="[282,556,1371,1393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Panorpodes kuandianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5E4DFAE60DE9FAA5" bold="true" box="[562,643,1371,1392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255443AFFC33A0F5E4DFAE60DE9FAA5" box="[562,643,1371,1392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, male abdomen. A. Abdominal segments VI–VIII, lateral view; B–D. Genital bulb, ventral, dorsal, and lateral views; E. Genital bulb with hypovalves removed, ventral view; F. Right gonostylus, dorsal view; G. Hypovalve, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30876D8FFC33A0F5CBAFA680A10F913" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC33A0F5CBAFA680DF3FA3B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1493,2028]" box="[197,665,1493,1518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5CBAFA680E34FA3B" bold="true" box="[197,350,1493,1518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30565C3FFC33A0F5D1AFA6B0EC2FA3B" box="[357,424,1494,1518]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Liaoning Province).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC33A0F5CBAFA440A10F913" blockId="5.[151,1436,1493,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5CBAFA440E42F9C7" bold="true" box="[197,296,1529,1554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Numerous specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC33A0F5E3AFA460C6BF9C7" box="[581,769,1530,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuandianensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5E3AFA460C6BF9C7" box="[581,769,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">P. kuandianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5F76FA470C09F9C7" bold="true" box="[777,867,1530,1554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255443AFFC33A0F5F76FA470C09F9C7" box="[777,867,1530,1554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were collected at the end of
|
||
<date id="FFAC0393FFC33A0F58D7FA470A70F9C4" box="[1192,1306,1529,1553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" value="2010-06">June 2010</date>
|
||
at the edge of oak woods adjoining a bare trail. More than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D14EEDAFFC33A0F5EDBF9A30C63F9E3" box="[676,777,1566,1590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="adult">60 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
were obtained in an area 4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC33A0F582CF9A30B17F9E3" box="[1107,1149,1566,1590]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
||
on partially shaded herbs and subshrubs at the forest edge. At the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A99BF1FFC33A0F5E1AF9FF0DFFF98F" box="[613,661,1602,1626]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, the general habitat is mixed hardwoods, primarily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC33A0F5941F9FF0E47F9AB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wutaishanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5941F9FF0E47F9AB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Quercus wutaishanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC33A0F5D16F9DA0EA4F9AB" box="[361,462,1639,1662]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5D16F9DA0EA4F9AB" box="[361,462,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fraxinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. with an herbaceous groundcover of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC33A0F5FDBF9DB0B1EF9AB" box="[932,1140,1638,1662]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lespedeza" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5FDBF9DB0B1EF9AB" box="[932,1140,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Lespedeza bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC33A0F58CFF9DB0A77F9AB" box="[1200,1309,1638,1662]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F58CFF9DB0A77F9AB" box="[1200,1309,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Artemisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Adults often hid on plant stems among broad-leafed vegetation in the dense shade. Nearly all the individuals were captured on vegetation less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC33A0F5DA1F9130D49F913" box="[478,547,1710,1734]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, but some were on plants less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88B6FFC33A0F5F96F9130B44F913" box="[1001,1070,1710,1734]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, and others on bare soil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30876D8FFC33A0C5CBAF96F0B50FE52" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC33A0F5CBAF96F0B7FF88D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1493,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5CBAF96F0E53F93F" bold="true" box="[197,313,1746,1770]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
It is interesting to note that the venation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC33A0F5F53F96F0B31F93F" box="[812,1115,1746,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuandianensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5F53F96F0B31F93F" box="[812,1115,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Panorpodes kuandianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F581CF96F0BD7F93F" bold="true" box="[1123,1213,1746,1770]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255443AFFC33A0F581CF96F0BD7F93F" box="[1123,1213,1746,1770]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
varies greatly from specimen to specimen, even between the left and right wings of a single individual. In the forewings, vein Sc is simple or two-branched; R1 and R2a may also be simple or bifurcated. In one male, vein R4 and M1 are twobranched, R5 does not reach the outer margin of the wing, and R3+4 is very short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD2553FFC33A0C5CBAF8D50B50FE52" blockId="5.[151,1436,1493,2028]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
In a failed rearing trial for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC33A0F5D8BF8D50D16F8AA" box="[500,636,1895,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradoxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5D8BF8D50D16F8AA" box="[500,636,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">P. paradoxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, captured adults show no tendency to consume insects or other animal tissue, and were thus considered doubtfully carnivorous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8358A2FFC33A0F5F5AF8360CABF876" author="Miyake" box="[805,961,1931,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" refString="Miyake, T. (1913) Studies on the Mecoptera of Japan. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Imperial University of Tokyo, 4, 265 - 400." type="journal article" year="1913">Miyaké 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). An attempt to rear
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC33A0F58CCF8310A1BF876" box="[1203,1393,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuandianensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F58CCF8310A1BF876" box="[1203,1393,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">P. kuandianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC33A0F5905F8310FA2F81D" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255443AFFC33A0F5905F8310FA2F81D" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by the collectors also proved fruitless. The adults refused to feed on living or dead arthropods of various decomposing stages, and therefore, are likely to be neither carnivorous nor saprophagous (Yao Wei, personal communication). The mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC03A0C5E7FFF240DD4FF65" box="[512,702,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuandianensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC03A0C5E7FFF240DD4FF65" box="[512,702,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">P. kuandianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC03A0C5EB7FF250C4EFF65" bold="true" box="[712,804,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255443AFFC03A0C5EB7FF250C4EFF65" box="[712,804,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, with rounded tips and serrate inner margins, are quite similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC03A0C5D15FF010D70FF01" box="[362,538,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Brachypanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC03A0C5D15FF010D70FF01" box="[362,538,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Brachypanorpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC03A0C5E29FF010C6CFF01" box="[598,774,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Brachypanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC03A0C5E29FF010C6CFF01" box="[598,774,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Brachypanorpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. have short, thick, mesally serrated mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8358A2FFC03A0C5932FF010FB9FF22" author="Otanes" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" refString="Otanes, F. Q. (1922) Head and mouth-parts of Mecoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 15, 310 - 327." type="journal article" year="1922">Otanes 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and are phytophagous, scraping epidermis from soft herbaceous leaves (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8358A2FFC03A0C5871FF620BAAFF22" author="Carpenter" box="[1038,1216,223,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" refString="Carpenter, F. M. (1953) The biology of Brachypanorpa (Mecoptera). Psyche, 60, 28 - 36." type="journal article" year="1953">Carpenter 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8358A2FFC03A0C58B3FF5D0A3BFF22" author="Byers" box="[1228,1361,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" refString="Byers, G. W. (1997) Biology of Brachypanorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpodidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 70, 313 - 322." type="journal article" year="1997">Byers 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Such mandibles seem not to be suitable for piercing or tearing arthropod exoskeletons. A preliminary anatomical examination of the intestinal content found that the midgut of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC03A0C5F68FE940CBEFE95" box="[791,980,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuandianensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC03A0C5F68FE940CBEFE95" box="[791,980,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">P. kuandianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC03A0C5FA2FE950B52FE95" bold="true" box="[989,1080,296,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A255443AFFC03A0C5FA2FE950B52FE95" box="[989,1080,296,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was filled with greyish flocculated contents mixed with dark residues (Wen Zhong, unpublished data), likely being the partially-digested epidermis of plants. If this is the case,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125ED0FFC03A0C5E3AFECD0DA6FE5D" box="[581,716,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpodidae" genus="Panorpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F941FFC03A0C5E3AFECD0DA6FE5D" box="[581,716,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Panorpodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. may also be phytophagous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |