100 lines
11 KiB
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100 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document id="29473679523E912661D208AAAA7DE085" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4270.1.1SLASH11140" ID-CLB-Dataset="32975" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.583183" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c479acc-8b18-4f0b-a6e5-85bcd6d7b6b7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="583183" ID-ZooBank="2D00AFF5-4FE2-4EC1-A328-C8670CFB8D6D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1495696370209" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jong, Rienk De" docDate="2017" docId="03AA87D32858FFCFF7F0FAD9FF79B73C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4270.1.1SLASH11140.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4270 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Belenois crawshayi" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FF93FFAB2840FFD7F767FF87FFA3B03E" masterDocTitle="Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698439901205" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2356F1A1FDEAB298F798F2653DBDEBA8">Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="64537D74660D512B4EDC7F266B2D6FF7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="53FC285F30446F57957FA0E357C4F18E">Jong, Rienk De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="97DC3F69A26CB8D5A97055FB9233E5ED">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="836B202B58F37DE168C360B2AAEB29E6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FDBF6BC9405F569CF7CD3AD746C0167B">
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<mods:date id="0BA313EFE13419DC537523DFE865CC35">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="308553A084E6AC793C89881BB3163F46">4270</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DE84AF11AE04C2A2DD29884F2A1D64A3">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="688816CE002D34BBC51C2C868497D7F6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.583183</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1B279F3CEA16259B655CDF2C7056951C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4DB7C8FA4402F5243EF85BE9D0215060" type="Zenodo-Dep">583183</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AA87D32858FFCFF7F0FAD9FF79B73C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046944" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130844880" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6046944" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D32858FFCFF7F0FAD9FF79B73C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87D32858FFCFF7F0FAD9FF79B73C" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="C319654E2858FFCFF7F0FAD9FEC6B580" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52858FFCFF7F0FAD9FD04B546" blockId="24.[151,679,1374,1400]" box="[151,679,1374,1400]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<heading id="D0F481A92858FFCFF7F0FAD9FD04B546" bold="true" box="[151,679,1374,1400]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72858FFCFF7F0FAD9FD04B546" bold="true" box="[151,679,1374,1400]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72858FFCFF7F0FAD9FEBAB546" bold="true" box="[151,281,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462858FFCFF7F0FAD9FEB7B546" ID-CoL="L9WC" box="[151,276,1374,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawshayi">crawshayi</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462858FFCFF647FAD9FD04B546" authority="Butler, 1894" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1894" box="[288,679,1374,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawshayi">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72858FFCFF647FAD9FDAAB546" bold="true" box="[288,521,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Belenois crawshayi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342858FFCFF577FAD9FD04B546" author="Butler" box="[528,679,1374,1400]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Butler, A. G. (1894) On two collections of Lepidoptera sent by Mr. H. H. Johnston from British Central Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1893 (4), 643 - 684." type="journal article" year="1894">Butler, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52858FFCFF7F0FA22FEC6B580" blockId="24.[151,1437,1445,1794]" box="[151,357,1445,1470]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462858FFCFF7F0FA22FF54B580" box="[151,247,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pieridae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462858FFCFF666FA22FEC2B580" box="[257,353,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pierinae">Pierinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C319654E2858FFCFF7A0FA4EFF79B73C" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52858FFCFF7A0FA4EFB7AB5DC" blockId="24.[151,1437,1445,1794]" box="[199,1241,1481,1506]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<collectingCountry id="F31476552858FFCFF7A0FA4EFE8CB5DC" box="[199,303,1481,1506]" name="Tanzania" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, opposite
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<collectingRegion id="49C7F8272858FFCFF6F8FA4EFDA0B5DC" box="[415,515,1481,1506]" country="Tanzania" name="Kaskazini Unguja" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<collectingCountry id="F31476552858FFCFF6F8FA4EFDA0B5DC" box="[415,515,1481,1506]" name="Tanzania" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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(African copal, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342858FFCFF582FA4DFCDEB5DC" author="Zeuner" box="[741,893,1482,1506]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Zeuner, F. E. (1942) Two new fossil butterflies of the family Pieridae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 9, 409 - 416." type="journal article" year="1942">Zeuner, 1942</bibRefCitation>
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); late Pleistocene or Holocene.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52858FFCFF7A0FA6AFD14B638" blockId="24.[151,1437,1445,1794]" box="[199,695,1517,1542]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Depository: BMNH (one specimen, I.3004).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52858FFCFF7A0F996FD06B670" blockId="24.[151,1437,1445,1794]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Published figures: Zeuner did not give an illustration of the (sub)fossil. Illustrations of the extant species can be found in many books on African butterflies.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52858FFCFF7A0F9DEFF79B73C" blockId="24.[151,1437,1445,1794]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6B3C982858FFCFF7A0F9DEFF79B73C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739226" country="Cameroon" location="East" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="East">
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Described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342858FFCFF605F9DEFE59B64C" author="Butler" box="[354,506,1625,1650]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Butler, A. G. (1894) On two collections of Lepidoptera sent by Mr. H. H. Johnston from British Central Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1893 (4), 643 - 684." type="journal article" year="1894">Butler (1894)</bibRefCitation>
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as a recent species. A complete, well preserved male butterfly (only head missing) recorded by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342858FFCFF643F9F9FE6BB6A8" author="Zeuner" box="[292,456,1662,1686]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Zeuner, F. E. (1942) Two new fossil butterflies of the family Pieridae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 9, 409 - 416." type="journal article" year="1942">Zeuner (1942)</bibRefCitation>
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. It agrees entirely with the extant
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462858FFCFF420F9FAFB81B6A8" box="[839,1058,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Belenois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawshayi">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72858FFCFF420F9FAFB81B6A8" box="[839,1058,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Belenois crawshayi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462858FFCFF356F9FAFB32B6A8" box="[1073,1169,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pieridae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462858FFCFF3FAF9FAFB58B6A8" box="[1181,1275,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pierinae">Pierinae</taxonomicName>
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) (distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="F31476552858FFCFF7F0F925FEAFB684" box="[151,268,1698,1722]" name="Cameroon" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F31476552858FFCFF625F926FE37B684" box="[322,404,1697,1722]" name="Angola" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Angola</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingRegion id="49C7F8272858FFCFF6DEF925FE4AB687" box="[441,489,1698,1721]" country="Cameroon" name="East" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">East</collectingRegion>
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Africa) in size, venational pattern, coloration and shape of valva. It is not surprising to find that a recent species has been present in part of its distributional area for the last 10,000 or perhaps 100,000 years.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |