213 lines
23 KiB
XML
213 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="699D5BED4CD74226EAE1EBBE43A37940" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3278c375-6c89-42a2-b7ac-24b9bb91730e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="251860" ID-ZooBank="8FECCFC1-7CA9-4A90-B881-4BD40157AD99" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460928091107" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2014" docId="03AA87B3FFE43527FF79F97824CCDE58" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03872p354.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3872 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chondrolepis obscurior De Jong 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="339" masterDocId="FF93FFCBFFC63501FFEEFFD82603DF67" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders" masterLastPageNumber="354" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="335" updateTime="1698362795193" updateUser="plazi">
|
|
<mods:mods id="FAA236FCD9AC5B4CCE82BF95C01BC7CE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="8F4E44A84932355CCCF094CF5B6D66E0">
|
|
<mods:title id="DE931A1B774A89EA5E4E96B8CF806C99">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="CDFDF91EF2AA4B7A1B5C3A5F93A4A9D3" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="3E70A57A78F50FDD4B20011B03C60F91">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="4E1CDC662F1015A403384A88A80153DD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="B1B330F4CDFE1F167210F82E718073D1">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="E3D886190C14BBE812B0D2349400A7DB" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="E69EAFD2223AE7A64FB83EF44460552A">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="696088A4F59F5D3B61C3474780358285">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="C8FA69465F889BB08086464148BB0E45">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="AAF6E9D4D89A5E2A3301E96C87C9FD84">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="AC83F112E4221292126A384167FC8677" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="20F46D21BED0D0118C6C1BA53A19827B">
|
|
<mods:title id="D20CF484E2303A955748F836E1D6A034">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="5B868B3F9850732E86D88F05BDB35C2A">
|
|
<mods:date id="5189F994167D395B67A874906CE7B035">2014</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="1C69CC0ED0538C50974151626FB5E086" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="69F7977C4E013C8F77C9548F1E14C85A">3872</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="41148FC6B3BD010D7096EB90C0C9D318" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="E0AE5975375C0091CE9B8B2A7A8D478B">4</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="03807F99331D4B2708EFB2BB97A370FE" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="54D16D6E50A1D990CFBE390AC4442D85">301</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="298C3A9190DE2C9CFB4059233B647394">354</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification id="D9BB86EC181B7A14E9AF432F6A2CAAF6">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="C214B407CA2AE6A40E6946986F67129F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.1</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="70751FEFAEE3B9316EFECA4B30843CCC" type="GBIF-Dataset">3278c375-6c89-42a2-b7ac-24b9bb91730e</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="64BE9D7E84AF5B856EAB9A8A8F08291F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="0A8E342DEC25304415DB6E2E8364A4BC" type="Zenodo-Dep">251860</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="03DFB371FC02C06F3909281DC74D6B75" type="ZooBank">8FECCFC1-7CA9-4A90-B881-4BD40157AD99</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="03AA87B3FFE43527FF79F97824CCDE58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5681014" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119589646" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5681014" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87B3FFE43527FF79F97824CCDE58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87B3FFE43527FF79F97824CCDE58" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C319652EFFE43527FF79F97824CCDE58" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE43523FF79F9782468D9DD" blockId="34.[151,619,1696,1722]" box="[151,619,1696,1722]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">
|
|
<heading id="D0F481C9FFE43523FF79F9782468D9DD" bold="true" box="[151,619,1696,1722]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" reason="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE43523FF79F9782468D9DD" authority="De Jong, 1986" authorityName="De Jong" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,619,1696,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE43523FF79F9782468D9DD" bold="true" box="[151,619,1696,1722]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE43523FF79F97827B7D9DD" bold="true" box="[151,436,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Chondrolepis obscurior</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFE43523FE52F9782468D9DD" author="De" box="[444,619,1696,1722]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" refString="De Jong, R. (1986) Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the chiefly afromontane genus Chondrolepis Mabille (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 231, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1986">De Jong, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE43523FF79F930226BD8D3" blockId="34.[151,1437,1767,1972]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B54FFE43523FF79F9302749D867" box="[151,330,1767,1792]" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" refString="De Jong, R. (1986) Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the chiefly afromontane genus Chondrolepis Mabille (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 231, 1 - 40." type="journal article">De Jong (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described this species from Mufindi in the Udzungwa Mountains of the Southern Highlands of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFE43523FF79F8D326FCD843" box="[151,255,1803,1828]" name="Tanzania" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
|
, based on material collected by TCEC. It is a Tanzanian endemic, common in the Udzungwa Range in open spaces in forest, and also known from forest-grassland mosaic on the Kitulo Plateau, and the Bundali Hills, Ileje District. It is therefore possible that it might be found across the Songwe River in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3147635FFE43523FB9FF88B22CAD80B" box="[1137,1225,1875,1900]" name="Malawi" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
|
, although we have not found it there.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE43523FE96F8AF248BD8F7" box="[376,648,1911,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="335" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE43523FE96F8AF248BD8F7" box="[376,648,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Chondrolepis obscurior</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
flies commonly in the Udzungwas around Mufindi in January and February (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13382A20FFE43523FEE4F843277FD8D3" box="[266,380,1947,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1178,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1143]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,287,1143]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 36. Adult male Chondrolepis obscurior, Mufindi, 23 Jan 2005 [TCEC]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251896/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="335">Figure 36</figureCitation>
|
|
). Females favour robust grass clumps in full shade for oviposition.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF7C662DFFE53522FF79FA8F243ADAEB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251895/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1343]" targetPageId="35">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE53522FF79FA8F243ADAEB" blockId="35.[151,1436,1367,1420]" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE53522FF79FA8F2726DA0B" bold="true" box="[151,293,1367,1389]" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
|
|
Pupa of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE53522FE7EFA8F2476DA0A" box="[400,629,1367,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE53522FE7EFA8F2476DA0A" box="[400,629,1367,1389]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Chondrolepis uluguru</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
extracted from shelter, collected on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE53522FBE9FA8022C7DA0A" box="[1031,1220,1367,1389]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Setaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmifolia">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE53522FBE9FA8022C7DA0A" box="[1031,1220,1367,1389]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Setaria palmifolia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex, Nyachilo,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE53522FF79FAAE26EDDAEB" box="[151,238,1398,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">Uluguru</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Tanzania, 25 Jan 2004 [TCEC].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE53522FF79FA612714DAB6" blockId="35.[151,1437,1464,2030]" box="[151,279,1464,1489]" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE53522FF79FA612714DAB6" box="[151,279,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Life history</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE53522FF79FA042370D9CE" blockId="35.[151,1437,1464,2030]" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">
|
|
Early stages have been found on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE53522FDF5FA0624DFDA92" box="[539,732,1501,1525]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE53522FDF5FA0624DFDA92" box="[539,732,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Festuca africana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE53522FCF6FA0425E4DA92" box="[792,999,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE53522FCF6FA0425E7DA92" box="[792,996,1500,1525]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hickelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">Hickelia africana</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
When ovipositing on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE53522FB02FA06236ADA92" box="[1260,1385,1501,1525]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hickelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE53522FB02FA06236ADA92" box="[1260,1385,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">F. africana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the females prefer to lay on plants inside the forest, or at least in well shaded places, and not on the forest edge. Careful search in areas where this butterfly is common has failed to find its caterpillars on other species of grass.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE53522FAD3F9FC239FD95A" box="[1341,1436,1572,1597]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hickelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE53522FAD3F9FC239FD95A" box="[1341,1436,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Hickelia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a genus of Madagascan scandent bamboos with a single representative in montane forest in the Udzungwas. When caterpillars were raised on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE53522FDDFF9B52512D9E1" box="[561,785,1645,1670]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundinaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpina">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE53522FDDFF9B52512D9E1" box="[561,785,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Arundinaria alpina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
bamboo, the resultant adults were mostly undersized, suggesting that this bamboo, although abundant in the range of the butterfly, may be unsuitable as a food plant.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE53522FF29F96D2325D85E" blockId="35.[151,1437,1464,2030]" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">
|
|
The species appears to be single brooded, the caterpillars being very slow growing. The young caterpillars make a leaf fold from one edge (Figure 37.1), while older caterpillars roll an entire leaf (Figure 37.2). The final instar caterpillar binds several leaves together to make a shelter in which to pupate (Figure 37.3), the shelter hanging from a single partially severed leaf. No white waxy powder on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE53522FC52F8F92291D85F" authority="Aurivillius" authorityName="Aurivillius" box="[956,1170,1825,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Monza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE53522FC52F8F9221AD85F" box="[956,1049,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">punctata</emphasis>
|
|
Aurivillius
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or in shelter.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE53525FF29F89E2509DFB2" blockId="35.[151,1437,1464,2030]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">
|
|
Young caterpillars are green with a black head. The mature caterpillar is present in the field in September and October (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13382A20FFE53522FEEEF8B02771D8E6" box="[256,370,1896,1921]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="37.[151,250,866,888]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,841]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,179,841]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 38. Final instar caterpillar of Chondrolepis obscurior, collected on Festuca africana, Mufindi, Tanzania [TCEC]. 1, 5, 6, 15 Sep 2010; 3, 4, 7, 2 Oct 2004; 2, 4 Oct 2004." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251898/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="336">Figure 38</figureCitation>
|
|
). Head oval, indent at vertex; matt, rugose; brown, indistinctly darker on epicranium each side of epicranial suture, and on posterior margin, wider basally; scattered short, pale, erect setae. Body translucent dull pale green with a strong brown tint, especially dorsally, which becomes more pronounced as the caterpillar reaches the end of the final instar; dorsal line darker; transverse ridges or folds visible in posterior half of segments; pale yellow Malpighian tubules visible through cuticle; legs concolorous; spiracles light brown, inconspicuous; scattered short, pale, erect setae, strongest on anal plate.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF7C662DFFE23525FF79FB4225D0DBD7" box="[151,979,1178,1200]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251896/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" targetBox="[151,1436,287,1143]" targetPageId="36">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE23525FF79FB4225D0DBD7" blockId="36.[151,979,1178,1200]" box="[151,979,1178,1200]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE23525FF79FB42271ADBC8" bold="true" box="[151,281,1178,1200]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">FIGURE 36</emphasis>
|
|
. Adult male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE23525FE73FB4224F3DBD7" authority="Mufindi" authorityName="Mufindi" box="[413,752,1178,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE23525FE73FB42248EDBD7" box="[413,653,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Chondrolepis obscurior</emphasis>
|
|
, Mufindi
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 23 Jan 2005 [TCEC].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF7C662DFFE23525FF79F8A92718D8AC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251897/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" targetBox="[151,1436,1303,1868]" targetPageId="36">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE23525FF79F8A92718D8AC" blockId="36.[151,1436,1905,1995]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE23525FF79F8A92718D8E1" bold="true" box="[151,283,1905,1927]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">FIGURE 37</emphasis>
|
|
. Leaf shelters of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE23525FE3BF8A924CAD8E0" box="[469,713,1905,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE23525FE3BF8A924CAD8E0" box="[469,713,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Chondrolepis obscurior</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE23525FD1AF8AA2204D8E0" authority="Mufindi" authorityName="Mufindi" box="[756,1031,1905,1927]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="36" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE23525FD1AF8AA25A1D8E0" box="[756,930,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">Festuca africana</emphasis>
|
|
, Mufindi
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Tanzania [TCEC].
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE23525FB39F8A922E7D8E1" bold="true" box="[1239,1252,1905,1926]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">1</emphasis>
|
|
, shelter of young caterpillar, 1 Jun 2004;
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE23525FE69F84A2797D8C0" bold="true" box="[391,404,1938,1959]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">2</emphasis>
|
|
, shelter of medium-grown caterpillar, 1 Jun 2004;
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE23525FC77F84A25A5D8C0" bold="true" box="[921,934,1938,1959]" pageId="36" pageNumber="337">3</emphasis>
|
|
, final shelter in which the caterpillar will pupate, 19 Oct 2004.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF7C662DFFE33524FF79FCBA24B3DCF1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251898/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="338" targetBox="[151,1436,179,841]" targetPageId="37">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE33524FF79FCBA24B3DCF1" blockId="37.[151,1435,866,918]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FF79FCBA2723DC10" bold="true" box="[151,288,866,888]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">FIGURE 38.</emphasis>
|
|
Final instar caterpillar of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE33524FDC5FCBA251EDC1F" box="[555,797,866,888]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FDC5FCBA251EDC1F" box="[555,797,866,888]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">Chondrolepis obscurior</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, collected on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE33524FC43FCBB22BEDC1F" authority="Mufindi" authorityName="Mufindi" box="[941,1213,866,888]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FC43FCBB2259DC1F" box="[941,1114,866,888]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">Festuca africana</emphasis>
|
|
, Mufindi
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Tanzania [TCEC].
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FA67FCBA2396DC10" bold="true" box="[1417,1429,866,887]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">1</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FF79FC5926A7DCF1" bold="true" box="[151,164,897,918]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">5</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FF5EFC5826BEDCF2" bold="true" box="[176,189,896,917]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">6</emphasis>
|
|
, 15 Sep 2010;
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FEBBFC582761DCF2" bold="true" box="[341,354,896,917]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">3</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FE81FC582778DCF2" bold="true" box="[367,379,896,917]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">4</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FE66FC592797DCF1" bold="true" box="[392,404,897,918]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">7</emphasis>
|
|
, 2 Oct 2004;
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FDF1FC58242FDCF2" bold="true" box="[543,556,896,917]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">2</emphasis>
|
|
, 4 Oct 2004.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF7C662DFFE33524FF79F875272BD881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251899/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="338" targetBox="[151,1436,955,1939]" targetPageId="37">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE33524FF79F875272BD881" blockId="37.[151,1435,1964,2022]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FF79F875271CD8A5" bold="true" box="[151,287,1965,1987]" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">FIGURE 39.</emphasis>
|
|
Pupa of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE33524FE96F874246AD8A5" box="[376,617,1964,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FE96F874246AD8A5" box="[376,617,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">Chondrolepis obscurior</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
extracted from shelter; collected on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE33524FC34F87622EBD8A5" authority="Mufindi" authorityName="Mufindi" box="[986,1256,1964,1987]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="37" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE33524FC34F8762285D8A5" box="[986,1158,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="338">Festuca africana</emphasis>
|
|
, Mufindi
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Tanzania, 15 Oct 2004 [TCEC].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36A5FFE03527FF29FF4F24CCDE58" blockId="38.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="38" pageNumber="339">
|
|
The pupa (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13382A20FFE03527FEACFF4F27B0DFD7" box="[322,435,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1965,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,955,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,941,1940]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 39. Pupa of Chondrolepis obscurior extracted from shelter; collected on Festuca africana, Mufindi, Tanzania, 15 Oct 2004 [TCEC]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/251899/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="339">Figure 39</figureCitation>
|
|
) resembles those of other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D26FFE03527FD0BFF4F257FDFD7" box="[741,892,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Chondrolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAB7FFE03527FD0BFF4F257FDFD7" box="[741,892,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="339">Chondrolepis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp. described above: cylindrical, with a short, anteriorly truncate frontal projection; proboscis extends only one segment beyond wing cases; brown, darker dorsally; frontal projection, spiracle T1 and cremaster dark brown; short, erect brown setae on anterior and posterior portion of eye, dorsally on thorax, weaker on abdomen; a fringe of stronger, longer setae around posterior margin of cremaster, except ventrally to cremaster.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |