251 lines
29 KiB
XML
251 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B6DB9CE3655B935AD401671316870C8F">Mammals of Korea: a review of their taxonomy, distribution and conservation status</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5651DA5DA5F9648CA57E4BFCBB7BDCAC">Jo, Yeong-Seok</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DD1DB564A3CA5F567AA0B3BE734AB066">Baccus, John T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BDCAD8B15CB98F19446C265EAFCBB1BC">Koprowski, John L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8A0BCE98A2FF7417B152735A6AE274EF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="248908E7E71C3F04E4A644C949D69049">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="44A61DB2DA2415E773BCB66979178013">2018-11-19</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A0BE3B6470FFC5FF4FFCD7FBE650F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4571374" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154499129" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4571374" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0BE3B6470FFC5FF4FFCD7FBE650F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0BE3B6470FFC5FF4FFCD7FBE650F6" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<heading id="D0FEB8416470FFC5FF4FFCD7FCF95431" bold="true" box="[151,824,833,859]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FF4FFCD7FCF95431" bold="true" box="[151,824,833,859]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0974AE6470FFC5FF4FFCD7FDBF5431" ID-CoL="3BH49" ID-ENA="9764" authority="(Lilljeborg, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Lilljeborg" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[151,638,833,859]" class="Mammalia" family="Eschrichtiidae" genus="Eschrichtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FF4FFCD7FE5E5431" bold="true" box="[151,415,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Eschrichtius robustus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FE77FCD7FDB65431" author="Lilljeborg" box="[431,631,833,859]" firstAuthor="Lilljeborg" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref111971" refString="Lilljeborg, W. (1861 [1860]) Forhandlinger ved de skandinaviske naturforskeres ottende mOde, i KiObenhavn fra den 8 de til den 14 de juli 1860. Kopenhaga. Den Gyldendalske Boghandel, Copenhagen, 908 pp. [in Danish]" type="book" year="1861">Lilljeborg, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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—Gray Whale
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0974AE6470FFC5FF4FFC1EFDA154F4" ID-CoL="KF8X" authority="Lilljeborg, 1861 p. 602" authorityName="Lilljeborg" authorityPageNumber="602" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,608,904,926]" class="Mammalia" family="Eschrichtiidae" genus="Balaenoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
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<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FF4FFC1EFEB254F4" box="[151,371,904,926]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Balaenoptera robusta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FEA2FC1EFDA154F4" author="Lilljeborg" box="[378,608,904,926]" firstAuthor="Lilljeborg" page="602" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref111971" refString="Lilljeborg, W. (1861 [1860]) Forhandlinger ved de skandinaviske naturforskeres ottende mOde, i KiObenhavn fra den 8 de til den 14 de juli 1860. Kopenhaga. Den Gyldendalske Boghandel, Copenhagen, 908 pp. [in Danish]" type="book" year="1861">Lilljeborg, 1861 p.602</bibRefCitation>
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;
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locality-
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BD295576470FFC5FC53FC1EFC2454F4" box="[907,997,904,926]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Uppland</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F31E4FBD6470FFC5FC37FC1EFB8354F4" box="[1007,1090,904,926]" name="Sweden" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BB60F2D6470FFC5FF4FFC30FC7D54D6" blockId="122.[151,1349,904,1048]" box="[151,956,934,956]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C6470FFC5FF4FFC30FDD254D6" author="Cope" box="[151,531,934,956]" page="" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" year="1868">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0974AE6470FFC5FF4FFC30FDD254D6" authority="Cope, 1868 p. 225" authorityName="Cope" authorityPageNumber="225" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,531,934,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Eschrichtiidae" genus="Agaphelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaucus">
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<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FF4FFC30FE9654D6" box="[151,343,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Agaphelus glaucus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FE85FC30FDD254D6" author="Cope" box="[349,531,934,956]" firstAuthor="Cope" page="225" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="221 - 227" refId="ref98235" refString="Cope, E. D. (1868) On Agaphelus, a genus of toothless Cetacea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20, 221 - 227." type="journal article" year="1868">Cope, 1868 p.225</bibRefCitation>
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;
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locality-
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<location id="8ED659F66470FFC5FD6AFC31FC8554D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0BE3B6470FFC5FF4FFCD7FBE650F6:8ED659F66470FFC5FD6AFC31FC8554D6" box="[690,836,935,956]" name="Monterey Bay" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="California">Monterey Bay</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49CDC1CF6470FFC5FC96FC30FC7954D6" box="[846,952,934,956]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">California</collectingRegion>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB60F2D6470FFC5FF4FFC53FBD254B1" blockId="122.[151,1349,904,1048]" box="[151,1043,965,987]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1928036470FFC5FF4FFC53FBD254B1" box="[151,1043,965,987]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C6470FFC5FF4FFC53FDAB54B1" author="Andrews" box="[151,618,965,987]" page="" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" year="1914">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0974AE6470FFC5FF4FFC53FDAB54B1" authority=": Andrews, 1914 p. 232" authorityName="Andrews" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,618,965,987]" class="Mammalia" family="Eschrichtiidae" genus="Rhachianectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaucus">
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<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FF4FFC53FE4154B1" box="[151,384,965,987]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Rhachianectes glaucus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FE55FC53FDAB54B1" author="Andrews" box="[397,618,965,987]" firstAuthor="Andrews" page="232" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref94934" refString="Andrews, R. C. (1914) Monograph of the Pacific Cetacea: I. - The California Gray Whale Rhachianectes Glaucus Cope. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 287 pp." type="book" year="1914">Andrews, 1914 p.232</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C6470FFC5FDACFC53FC8554B1" author="Kishida" box="[628,836,965,987]" page="" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" year="1924">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FDACFC53FC8554B1" author="Kishida" box="[628,836,965,987]" firstAuthor="Kishida" page="320" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref107948" refString="Kishida, K. (1924) Illustrated encyclopedia of the mammals of Japan (1 st edition). Ornithological Socieity of Japan, Tokyo, 381 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="1924">Kishida, 1924 p.320</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C6470FFC5FC97FC53FBCE54B1" author="Kuroda" box="[847,1039,965,987]" page="" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" year="1938">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FC97FC53FBCE54B1" author="Kuroda" box="[847,1039,965,987]" firstAuthor="Kuroda" page="12" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref110546" refString="Kuroda, N. (1938) A list of the Japanese Mammals. Published by Author, Tokyo, 122 pp." type="book" year="1938">Kuroda, 1938 p.12</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB60F2D6470FFC5FF4FFC72FA845490" blockId="122.[151,1349,904,1048]" box="[151,1349,996,1018]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1928036470FFC5FF4FFC72FA845490" box="[151,1349,996,1018]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C6470FFC5FF4FFC72FCDD5490" author="Ellerman & Morrison-Scott" box="[151,796,996,1018]" page="" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" year="1951">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0974AE6470FFC5FF4FFC72FCDD5490" ID-CoL="3BH47" authority=": Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 p. 713" authorityName="Ellerman & Morrison-Scott" authorityPageNumber="713" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,796,996,1018]" class="Mammalia" family="Eschrichtiidae" genus="Eschrichtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
|
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<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FF4FFC72FEB75490" box="[151,374,996,1018]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Eschrichtius gibbosus</emphasis>
|
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FE5BFC72FCDD5490" author="Ellerman & Morrison-Scott" box="[387,796,996,1018]" firstAuthor="Ellerman" page="713" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref99704" refString="Ellerman, J. R. & Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1951) Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946. British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." type="book" year="1951">Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 p.713</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C6470FFC5FCFFFC73FC165490" author="Won" box="[807,983,996,1018]" page="" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" year="1958">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FCFFFC73FC165490" author="Won" box="[807,983,996,1018]" firstAuthor="Won" page="434" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="427 - 460" refId="ref125450" refString="Won, P. H. (1958) A hand list of Korean mammals. Bulletin of Kyung-Hee University, 1, 427 - 460." type="journal article" year="1958">Won, 1958 p.434</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C6470FFC5FC3AFC73FB475490" author="Won" box="[994,1158,996,1018]" page="" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" year="1967">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FC3AFC73FB475490" author="Won" box="[994,1158,996,1018]" firstAuthor="Won" page="81" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref125477" refString="Won, P. H. (1967) Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna and flora of Korea. Fol. 7. Mammals. Ministry of Education, Seoul, 663 pp. [in Korean]" type="book" year="1967">Won, 1967 p.81</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C6470FFC5FB48FC73FA805490" author="Won" box="[1168,1345,996,1018]" page="" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FB48FC73FA805490" author="Won" box="[1168,1345,996,1018]" firstAuthor="Won" page="233" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref125422" refString="Won, H. K. (1968) The mammals of Korea. Institute of Science Press, Pyeongyang, 408 pp. [in Korean]" type="book" year="1968">Won, 1968 p.233</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB60F2D6470FFC5FF4FFB95FD6F5372" blockId="122.[151,1349,904,1048]" box="[151,686,1026,1048]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1928036470FFC5FF4FFB95FD6F5372" box="[151,686,1026,1048]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C6470FFC5FF4FFB95FE305372" author="Kim" box="[151,497,1026,1048]" page="" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" year="2000">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0974AE6470FFC5FF4FFB95FE305372" ID-CoL="3BH49" authority=": Kim et al., 2000 p. 66" authorityName="Kim" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,497,1026,1048]" class="Mammalia" family="Eschrichtiidae" genus="Eschrichtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FF4FFB95FEC85372" box="[151,265,1026,1048]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">E. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FECEFB94FE305372" author="Kim" box="[278,497,1026,1048]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kim" page="66" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref107780" refString="Kim, Z. G., Lee, J. U., Baik, C. I., Sohn, H. S., Park, C. S., Lee, D. W., Choi, K. H., Hong, B. Q., Kim, S. T., Park, J. H., Cho, Y. M., Cha, H. K. & Hwang, K. S. (2000) Whales and Dolphins off Korean Peninsula. National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Busan, 137 pp. [in Korean]" type="book" year="2000">
|
||
Kim
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FE92FB95FEB65372" box="[330,375,1026,1048]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2000 p.66
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8293C6470FFC5FE24FB94FD6B5372" author="Kim" box="[508,682,1026,1048]" page="" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FE24FB94FD6B5372" author="Kim, Z. G." box="[508,682,1026,1048]" editor="Won, B. O." firstAuthor="Kim" journalOrPublisher="Dongbang Media Press, Seoul" page="225" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="184 - 254" refId="ref107731" refString="Kim, Z. G. (2004) Suborder Pinnipedia & Order Cetacea. In: Won, B. O. (Ed.), The mammals of Korea. Dongbang Media Press, Seoul, pp. 184 - 254. [in Korean]" title="Suborder Pinnipedia & Order Cetacea" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The mammals of Korea" year="2004">Kim, 2004 p.225</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3135CA66470FFC5FF4FFBD3FF22525F" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB60F2D6470FFC5FF4FFBD3FF22525F" blockId="122.[151,1437,1093,1949]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FF4FFBD3FF2D5337" bold="true" box="[151,236,1093,1117]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Range:</emphasis>
|
||
The Korean stock almost became extirpated with the harvest of five gray whales in 1964 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FB3DFBD3FA9F5334" author="Park" box="[1253,1374,1093,1118]" firstAuthor="Park" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref117669" refString="Park, G. B. (1987) Whaling history of Korea. Taehwa Press, Seoul, Korea, 594 pp. [in Korean]" type="book" year="1987">Park 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The possible extinction of the Korean stock in the 1970s was debated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FCADFBFCFBC953E8" author="Bowen" box="[885,1032,1129,1154]" firstAuthor="Bowen" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="208 - 20" refId="ref96401" refString="Bowen, S. L. (1975) Probable extinction of the Korean stock of the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). Journal of Mammalogy, 55, 208 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1379272" type="journal article" year="1975">Bowen 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FBCBFBFFFADC53E8" author="Brownell & Chun" box="[1043,1309,1129,1154]" firstAuthor="Brownell" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="237 - 239" refId="ref96560" refString="Brownell, R. L. & Chun, C. I. (1977) Probable existence of the Korean stock of the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). Journal of Mammalogy, 58, 237 - 239 https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1379584" type="journal article" year="1977">Brownell & Chun 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the re-discovery of gray whales in the 1990s ensured the survival of the Korean stock, with no more than 200 individuals surviving in the West Pacific Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FD07FB24FBC053A0" author="Reeves & Kenney" box="[735,1025,1202,1226]" firstAuthor="Reeves" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="425 - 463" refId="ref118856" refString="Reeves, R. R. & Kenney, R. D. (2003) Baleen Whales: Right Whales and Allies. In: Feldhamer, G. A., Thompson, B. C. & Chapman, J. A. (Eds.), Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp. 425 - 463." type="book chapter" year="2003">Reeves & Kenney 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Historically
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0974AE6470FFC5FB70FB24FAED53A0" box="[1192,1324,1201,1226]" class="Mammalia" family="Eschrichtiidae" genus="Eschrichtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FB70FB24FAED53A0" box="[1192,1324,1201,1226]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">E. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
migrated through
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CDC1CF6470FFC5FF2DFB43FEF75384" box="[245,310,1237,1262]" country="South Korea" name="Ulsan" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Ulsan</collectingRegion>
|
||
twice a year, from late November to the end of January and from mid-March to mid-May (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133213A86470FFC5FAE4FB43FA515384" box="[1340,1424,1237,1262]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="123.[151,250,1687,1709]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[340,1247,193,1666]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURE 81. Range map of Eschrichtius robustus in Korea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4571912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4571912/files/figure.png" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
). This whale is commonly observed in the East Sea, but no recent observations have been reported in the waters of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E4FBD6470FFC5FF4FFA88FF1E525F" box="[151,223,1310,1333]" name="South Korea" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3135CA66470FFC5FF1FFAD7FBE650F6" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB60F2D6470FFC5FF1FFAD7FCDB5182" blockId="122.[151,1437,1093,1949]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FF1FFAD7FEFC5233" bold="true" box="[199,317,1345,1369]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Pre-whaling genetic bottleneck in gray whales has been suggested (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FBE4FAD7FB3D5230" author="Alter" box="[1084,1276,1345,1370]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Alter" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="15162 - 15167" refId="ref94536" refString="Alter, S. E., Rynes, E. & Palumbi, S. R. (2007) DNA evidence for historic population size and past ecosystem impacts of gray whales. PNAS, 104, 15162 - 15167. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0706056104" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Alter
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FBA7FAD4FB705230" box="[1151,1201,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Gray whales feed in Arctic and subarctic benthic environments, and marine biologists assume gray whales have a sensitivity to changes in climate, and climatic events such as the Medieval Warm Period (ca. 900–1200 AD) or Little Ice Age (ca. 1300–1850 AD) could have caused population declines. The poorly understood relationship between populations of the gray whale and climate-driven ecosystem features such as sea ice, freshwater input to near-shore benthic ecosystems, and prey preference could have caused the distinction of this species from other taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FF46F98CFE5A5158" author="Perryman" box="[158,411,1561,1586]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perryman" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="121 - 144" refId="ref118077" refString="Perryman, W. L., Donahue, M. A., Perkins, P. C. & Reilly, S. B. (2002) Gray whale calf production 1994 - (2000): are observed fluctuations related to changes in seasonal ice cover? Marine Mammal Science, 18, 121 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1748 - 7692.2002. tb 01023. x" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Perryman
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FEC0F98CFE8F5158" box="[280,334,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FE73F98CFD475158" author="Moore" box="[427,646,1561,1586]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Moore" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="734 - 742" refId="ref114164" refString="Moore, S. E., Grebmeier, J. M. & Davies, J. R. (2003) Gray whale distribution relative to forage habitat in the northern Bering Sea: current conditions and retrospective summary. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 81, 734 - 742. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 03 - 043" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Moore
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FDD9F98CFDF65158" box="[513,567,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A recent genetic study supported the hypothesis that gray whales experienced a recent, major population decline (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FD66F9ABFC40513C" author="Alter" box="[702,897,1597,1622]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Alter" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="15162 - 15167" refId="ref94536" refString="Alter, S. E., Rynes, E. & Palumbi, S. R. (2007) DNA evidence for historic population size and past ecosystem impacts of gray whales. PNAS, 104, 15162 - 15167. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0706056104" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Alter
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FCDAF9A8FCFD513C" box="[770,828,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The small F
|
||
<subScript id="178D0D686470FFC5FBF8F9DAFBF15130" attach="left" box="[1056,1072,1612,1626]" fontSize="6" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FBF8F9DAFBF15130" box="[1056,1072,1612,1626]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">ST</emphasis>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
value (0.1125) between eastern and western individuals supports the monotypic status of the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FC73F9F2FBAA5116" author="Alter" box="[939,1131,1636,1661]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Alter" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" pagination="35039" refId="ref94468" refString="Alter, S. E., Newsome, S. D. & Palumbi, S. R. (2012) Pre-whaling genetic diversity and population ecology in eastern pacific gray whales: insights from ancient DNA and stable isotopes. PLoS ONE, 7 (5), e 35039. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0035039" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Alter
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FC36F9F3FBDE5117" box="[1006,1055,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because of differences in haplotype frequencies between eastern and western lineages (among 36 haplotypes, three were unique to the western population, 26 to the eastern, and seven were shared), the Korean stock could be a distinct subspecies due to its isolation and lack of gene flow (LeDuc
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FD4BF947FD055183" box="[659,708,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB60F2D6470FFC5FF1FF965FBE650F6" blockId="122.[151,1437,1093,1949]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97DD33F6470FFC5FF1FF965FE015066" bold="true" box="[199,448,1779,1804]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Conservation status:</emphasis>
|
||
Ever since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FD93F963FC8B5066" author="Andrews, R. C." box="[587,842,1780,1805]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref94934" refString="Andrews, R. C. (1914) Monograph of the Pacific Cetacea: I. - The California Gray Whale Rhachianectes Glaucus Cope. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 287 pp." type="book" year="1914">R. C. Andrews (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a ‘Korean stock’ of gray whales, Koreans have favored the gray whale like national whale because of the word ‘Korean’ stock. The South Korean government designated this species with a migration route in the East Sea a Natural Monument in 1962 and a Protected Marine Species in 2007. CITES listed the gray whale on Appendix I. The North Korean government classified this species as ‘Rare’ (MAB
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9872DC6470FFC5FD94F812FBDA50F6" author="National Committee of DPR Korea" box="[588,1051,1924,1949]" firstAuthor="National Committee of DPR Korea" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref112594" refString="MAB National Committee of DPR Korea (2002) Red Data Book of DPRK (Animal). Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Pyongyang, 316 pp." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
National Committee of DPR
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E4FBD6470FFC5FC4BF813FC1950F6" box="[915,984,1925,1948]" name="South Korea" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |