plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/94/1A/03941A26FFEC413AFF04FB2FE9F3F867.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

634 lines
71 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="80B8A363FDC47C564AA4EF4BF4A93ED1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.254486" ID-GBIF-Dataset="747735bb-a251-4624-a513-e84ef2407e37" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="254486" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460465158946" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Konings, Adrianus F. &amp; Stauffer, Jay R." docDate="2012" docId="03941A26FFEC413AFF04FB2FE9F3F867" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03258p027.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3258" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Melanochromis loriae Johnson 1975" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFAD625EFFEA4133FF93FFD0EB51FFFB" masterDocTitle="Review of the Lake Malaŵi genus Melanochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with a description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698304897919" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="31CFA5533FF18AECCBD0DEFED176FC51" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5096D77A87C2B3054FBB7D9B36EC3954">
<mods:title id="28A93E426916EBBF7BFCA9CC9B6934C9">Review of the Lake Malaŵi genus Melanochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with a description of a new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3D029DB6EDE4EF1479A19A573ADFBC56" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F62FA407B1A2723947C502F72DD2A4F8">
<mods:roleTerm id="AA91EE301E003500C12F788356A9DF33">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1DF7421256D390E5ADF492C367E2778A">Konings, Adrianus F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="273AB193766DE2939F59E6AE4CFB6A49" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A3A27A9BF6B5E3212168D808EF114FDA">
<mods:roleTerm id="413C5FF986BBC84703016D88A5818D35">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F27FE78817ACCD501251C6F8A217E21D">Stauffer, Jay R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0EC6621C9F4F9889B0EC910C4F91E53A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="3C8DE21BE975CB6E100FD6D9E8893C42" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="43824DBDD506EDDFBABBDD1F840324C8">
<mods:title id="CDC28A5D8499CF0A509C47D674363060">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F0E956565DBB68F2FA0AA6BC1B4CED26">
<mods:date id="10B4C7532D534DA22A89A9C4493291E0">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4E748B106ACBA781BC93AAA4CCBAAB46" type="volume">
<mods:number id="418AF8F35EECE0634E96ECF521953634">3258</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="269BBAFAE68C15300E6FF28C0BF988B6" unit="page">
<mods:start id="0C4D54E1A48B9652CDD6860A81F2EA48">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="C5AA1886B9B3D7414F69A9D179B8C1B9">27</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="938326E9847859D2396E6DCB137DCD82">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8769F5497DB4542E005FCABA1C92F183" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.254486</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9C206E4502D20A9068E2060318E6C377" type="GBIF-Dataset">747735bb-a251-4624-a513-e84ef2407e37</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="60982F01C111182AF5C1CD2AD7202599" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DBD390A680BD2CD8B3FC2C6012EEED3A" type="Zenodo-Dep">254486</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03941A26FFEC413AFF04FB2FE9F3F867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6172018" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119514095" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6172018" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03941A26FFEC413AFF04FB2FE9F3F867" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03941A26FFEC413AFF04FB2FE9F3F867" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection id="C327F8BBFFEC4135FF04FB2FEA1DFAC1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFEC4135FF04FB2FE905FAE2" blockId="6.[151,596,1279,1338]" box="[151,596,1279,1305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0CA1C5CFFEC4135FF04FB2FE905FAE2" bold="true" box="[151,596,1279,1305]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FF04FB2FE905FAE2" ID-CoL="72XHJ" authority="Johnson 1975" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1975" box="[151,596,1279,1305]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FF04FB2FE905FAE2" bold="true" box="[151,596,1279,1305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FF04FB2FEAF3FAE2" bold="true" box="[151,418,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Melanochromis loriae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFACD6C1FFEC4135FE39FB2FE905FAE2" author="Johnson" box="[426,596,1279,1305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1975) More new Malawi cichlids. Today's Aquarist, 2, 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="1975">Johnson 1975</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFEC4135FF04FAF2EA1DFAC1" blockId="6.[151,596,1279,1338]" box="[151,332,1314,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
(
<figureCitation id="1306B7B5FFEC4135FF0CFAF2EBB5FAC1" box="[159,228,1314,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1186,1209]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,259,1165]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,171,1166]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. Melanochromis loriae, holotype, USNM 214175, male, 100.6 mm SL; MalaŴi: Lake MalaŴi: “ Chipoka Island ”, Davies et al.; B. M. loriae, male in breeding colouration (approx. 80 mm SL) at Thumbi West Island (population introduced by Davies et al.), Lake MalaŴi, MalaŴi; C. M. loriae, female (approx. 70 mm SL) at same locality as male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254488/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6BF9E8BFFEC4135FF63FAF2EA15FAC1" box="[240,324,1314,1338]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[159,1375,310,1820]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric and meristic data for Melanochromis loriae; holotype, our collection from Likoma Island (n = 10), and the types of the synonymous M. parallelus (n = 4). Ranges include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF42FBB8FFE2413BFF04FF48E8B4FF2B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableUuid="DF42FBB8FFE2413BFF04FF48E8B4FF2B">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327F8BBFFEC4135FF04FAB4E9D8FA82" box="[151,649,1380,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFEC4135FF04FAB4E9D8FA82" blockId="6.[151,649,1380,1401]" box="[151,649,1380,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FF04FAB4E9D8FA82" ID-CoL="739HH" authority="Burgess &amp; Axelrod 1976" authorityName="Burgess &amp; Axelrod" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,649,1380,1401]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parallelus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FF04FAB4EAC2FA82" box="[151,403,1380,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Melanochromis parallelus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFACD6C1FFEC4135FE09FAB4E9D8FA82" author="Burgess" box="[410,649,1380,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Burgess, W. E. &amp; Axelrod, H. R. (1976) Studies on the family Cichlidae: 4. Two new species of mbuna (rock-dwelling cichlids) from Lake Malawi. Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine, 24 (7), 44 - 52." type="journal article" year="1976">Burgess &amp; Axelrod 1976</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327F8BBFFEC4135FF04FA4EEADEF99D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFEC4135FF04FA4EEADEF99D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1438,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FF04FA4EEAD2FA4C" bold="true" box="[151,387,1438,1463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED2C33F5FFEC4135FE1DFA4EEA8EFA4D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[398,479,1438,1462]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USNM</collectionCode>
214175,
<typeStatus id="54861592FFEC4135FDDCFA4EE9E5FA4D" box="[591,692,1438,1462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, male,
<quantity id="4CC506D5FFEC4135FC99FA4EE8D1FA4D" box="[778,896,1438,1462]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0059999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="100.6">100.6 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry id="F32AEBA0FFEC4135FC2FFA4EEF44FA4C" box="[956,1045,1438,1463]" name="Malawi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
: Lake
<collectingCountry id="F32AEBA0FFEC4135FBF5FA4EEF91FA4C" box="[1126,1216,1438,1463]" name="Malawi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
: “Chipoka Island”, Davies et al.;
<collectionCode id="ED2C33F5FFEC4135FEAAFA11EADBFA22" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[313,394,1473,1497]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USNM</collectionCode>
215029,
<typeStatus id="54861592FFEC4135FE64FA11E908FA22" box="[503,601,1473,1497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FD17FA13E84DFA21" box="[644,796,1474,1498]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parallelus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FD17FA13E84DFA21" box="[644,796,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. parallelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female,
<quantity id="4CC506D5FFEC4135FC19FA11E8A0FA22" box="[906,1009,1473,1497]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="76.2">76.2 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry id="F32AEBA0FFEC4135FBB8FA11EFD4FA21" box="[1067,1157,1473,1498]" name="Malawi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
: Lake
<collectingCountry id="F32AEBA0FFEC4135FB40FA11EE7AFA21" box="[1235,1323,1473,1498]" name="Malawi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
, Axelrod,
<date id="FF838DF0FFEC4135FF04FA35EA58FA06" box="[151,265,1509,1533]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1974-10">Oct. 1974</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED2C33F5FFEC4135FE86FA35EA37FA06" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[277,358,1509,1533]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USNM</collectionCode>
215030,
<typeStatus id="54861592FFEC4135FE43FA36E960FA05" box="[464,561,1510,1534]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FDC5FA36E9BCFA06" box="[598,749,1509,1533]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parallelus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FDC5FA36E9BCFA06" box="[598,749,1509,1533]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. parallelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male,
<quantity id="4CC506D5FFEC4135FCD2FA35E8F7FA06" box="[833,934,1509,1533]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.15" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="81.5">81.5 mm</quantity>
SL, same collection data as
<collectionCode id="ED2C33F5FFEC4135FB7BFA35EE68FA06" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1256,1337,1509,1533]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USNM</collectionCode>
215029;
<collectionCode id="ED2C33F5FFEC4135FF04F9D8EBB9F9DB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,1544,1568]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USNM</collectionCode>
215031,
<typeStatus id="54861592FFEC4135FEC1F9D9EAECF9DA" box="[338,445,1545,1569]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FE77F9D9E92AF9DB" box="[484,635,1544,1568]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parallelus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FE77F9D9E92AF9DB" box="[484,635,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. parallelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 2,
<quantity id="4CC506D5FFEC4135FD34F9D8E81AF9DB" box="[679,843,1544,1568]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.415" metricValueMax="7.659999999999999" metricValueMin="7.17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="74.15" valueMax="76.6" valueMin="71.7">71.7–76.6 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry id="F32AEBA0FFEC4135FC11F9D8E88DF9DA" box="[898,988,1544,1569]" name="Malawi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
: Lake
<collectingCountry id="F32AEBA0FFEC4135FBB4F9D8EFD0F9DA" box="[1063,1153,1544,1569]" name="Malawi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
: obtained from aquarium dealer, 1976;
<collectionCode id="ED2C33F5FFEC4135FEA2F9FBEA35F9B8" box="[305,356,1579,1603]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mg9-yyc1" name="Portland State University, Vertebrate Biology Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">PSU</collectionCode>
6042, 10,
<quantity id="4CC506D5FFEC4135FE4DF9FBE9D3F9B8" box="[478,642,1579,1603]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7299999999999995" metricValueMax="8.55" metricValueMin="6.909999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="77.3" valueMax="85.5" valueMin="69.1">69.1–85.5 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry id="F32AEBA0FFEC4135FD2AF9FBE842F9BF" box="[697,787,1579,1604]" name="Malawi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
: Lake
<collectingCountry id="F32AEBA0FFEC4135FCCDF9FBE8E9F9BF" box="[862,952,1579,1604]" name="Malawi" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
: Likoma Island:
<geoCoordinate id="EE09CDF7FFEC4135FBE5F9FBEE51F9B8" box="[1142,1280,1579,1603]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="-12.027">12° 01.62’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE09CDF7FFEC4135FA9FF9FBEEC6F9B8" box="[1292,1431,1579,1603]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="9" value="34.736">34° 44.16’E</geoCoordinate>
, Konings,
<date id="FF838DF0FFEC4135FE97F99FEADAF99D" box="[260,395,1614,1638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2009-10-07">7 Oct. 2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327F8BBFFEC4135FF54F9A1E92AF812" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFEC4135FF54F9A1E92AF812" blockId="6.[151,1436,1438,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FF54F9A1EA10F971" bold="true" box="[199,321,1649,1674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Female and subadult
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FDD0F9A3E9FFF971" box="[579,686,1650,1674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FDD0F9A3E9FFF971" box="[579,686,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinguished from their congeners, except from those of
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FAEEF9A3EAACF956" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FAEEF9A3EA63F956" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">M. melanopterus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FEACF946EAACF956" box="[319,509,1685,1709]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidiadaptes">M. lepidiadaptes</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FDADF946E99CF956" box="[574,717,1685,1709]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaskazini">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FDADF946E99CF956" box="[574,717,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. kaskazini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by a white to cream coloured body (yellow to brown in other congeners), two black horizontal stripes on the flank, a black submarginal band in the dorsal fin, and black markings on the lower lobe of the caudal fin.
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FD05F90BE8DFF908" box="[662,910,1755,1779]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FD05F90BE8DFF908" box="[662,910,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Melanochromis loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FB1AF90CEE16F908" box="[1161,1351,1755,1779]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FB1AF90CEE16F908" box="[1161,1351,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FAEEF90CEBAEF8ED" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaskazini">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FAEEF90CEBAEF8ED" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. kaskazini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a shorter lower jaw, 31.9–35.2 %HL vs. 37.2–41.7 % in
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FC56F8D0EFD4F8ED" box="[965,1157,1790,1815]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FC56F8D0EFD4F8ED" box="[965,1157,1790,1815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 36.4–44.6 % in
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FAEEF8D0EBAEF8C1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaskazini">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FAEEF8D0EBAEF8C1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. kaskazini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and from
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FE14F8F3E919F8C1" box="[391,584,1826,1850]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidiadaptes">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FE14F8F3E919F8C1" box="[391,584,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. lepidiadaptes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the higher number of tooth rows, 5–7 vs. 2 or 3. Male
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FA9DF8F3EE2AF8C1" box="[1294,1403,1826,1850]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FA9DF8F3EE2AF8C1" box="[1294,1403,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in breeding colouration are distinguished from their congeners, except
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FC59F896EFDFF8A6" box="[970,1166,1861,1885]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FC59F896EFDFF8A6" box="[970,1166,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FB30F896EE62F8A6" box="[1187,1331,1861,1885]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FB30F896EE62F8A6" box="[1187,1331,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FAEEF896EBA7F87B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FAEEF896EBA7F87B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by a broad black band in the spinous part of the dorsal fin, absent in all other congeners.
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FB7EF8B8EB8BF858" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FB7EF8B8EB8BF858" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Melanochromis loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FE48F85CE9CBF858" box="[475,666,1931,1955]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FE48F85CE9CBF858" box="[475,666,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FD47F85CE80EF858" box="[724,863,1931,1955]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FD47F85CE80EF858" box="[724,863,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a shorter lower jaw, 31.9–35.2 %HL vs. 37.2– 41.7 % in
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FE9DF860EA9FF83D" box="[270,462,1966,1991]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FE9DF860EA9FF83D" box="[270,462,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 40% (Eccles, 1974) in
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FC9FF860E8C7F83D" box="[780,918,1966,1991]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FC9FF860E8C7F83D" box="[780,918,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and from
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFEC4135FB86F860EFCAF83D" box="[1045,1179,1966,1991]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFEC4135FB86F860EFCAF83D" box="[1045,1179,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a shallower caudal peduncle, 11.7–12.6 %SL vs. 12.9–14.4 %.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF42FBB8FFED4134FF04FB72EE1AFB0D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254488/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1436,259,1165]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFED4134FF04FB72EE1AFB0D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1186,1271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFED4134FF04FB72EA46FB43" bold="true" box="[151,279,1186,1209]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
A.
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFED4134FED6FB73E97BFB42" box="[325,554,1187,1209]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFED4134FED6FB73E97BFB42" box="[325,554,1187,1209]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Melanochromis loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, USNM 214175, male, 100.6 mm SL; MalaŴi: Lake MalaŴi: “Chipoka Island”, Davies
<emphasis id="B9497722FFED4134FEACFB13EA3EFB23" box="[319,367,1218,1240]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
.; B.
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFED4134FE35FB13E956FB23" box="[422,519,1218,1240]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFED4134FE35FB13E956FB23" box="[422,519,1218,1240]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male in breeding colouration (approx. 80 mm SL) at Thumbi West Island (population introduced by Davies et al.), Lake MalaŴi, MalaŴi; C.
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFED4134FD54FB32E874FB0D" box="[711,805,1248,1271]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFED4134FD54FB32E874FB0D" box="[711,805,1248,1271]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">M. loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female (approx. 70 mm SL) at same locality as male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C327F8BBFFED413AFF54FAF3E809FB37" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFED4134FF54FAF3EE4CF9A0" blockId="7.[151,1437,1315,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFED4134FF54FAF3EA08FAC7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1315,1340]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric ratios and meristic values as shown in
<tableCitation id="C6BF9E8BFFED4134FC50FAF3EF4BFAC0" box="[963,1050,1315,1339]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[159,1375,310,1820]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric and meristic data for Melanochromis loriae; holotype, our collection from Likoma Island (n = 10), and the types of the synonymous M. parallelus (n = 4). Ranges include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF42FBB8FFE2413BFF04FF48E8B4FF2B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF42FBB8FFE2413BFF04FF48E8B4FF2B">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Small, oblong species (mean BD 35.5% SL) with greatest body depth at about base of ninth dorsal spine. Dorsal body profile with downward curve to caudal peduncle, in some specimens more acute curvature near posterior end of dorsal fin; ventral body profile straight to slightly convex between pelvic fins and vent, with upward taper along base of anal fin to caudal peduncle. Dorsal head profile rounded, with almost continuous curve between snout tip and dorsal fin origin; horizontal eye diameter (mean 28.7% HL) greater than preorbital depth; more than three quarters of eye (along horizontal axis) located in anterior half of head; moderate to steep head profile, straight to slightly convex snout and slightly retrognathous jaws; wide tooth bands with 5–7 rows in lower and upper jaws; teeth in outer row unequally bicuspid and teeth in inner rows tricuspid; single series of unicuspid teeth where outer and innermost rows meet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFED4134FF54F9B7EAF1F885" blockId="7.[151,1437,1315,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dorsal fin with XVIII–XIX (mode XIX) spines and 7–9 (mode 8) soft rays. Anal fin with III spines and 7 or 8 (mode 7) soft rays. First 3 or 4 dorsal spines becoming gradually longer posteriorly with first spine less than ½ length of fourth; last 15 spines becoming slightly longer posteriorly with last spine longest; soft dorsal with rounded (females) or rounded to subacuminate (males) tip, third or fourth ray longest, not reaching caudal fin in females and extending to approximately base of caudal fin in males. Anal spines becoming progressively longer posteriorly; third or fourth ray longest, not reaching base of caudal fin. Caudal fin subtruncate to emarginate. Pelvic fin short, not reaching anal fin. Pectoral fin rounded, paddle-shaped, short, reaching vertical line through base of 11th or 12th dorsal spine.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFED4134FF54F85AEA27F811" blockId="7.[151,1437,1315,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Flank scales large, ctenoid; abrupt transition to small scales on breast; cheek with 4–5 (mean 5) rows of small scales; bands of small scales on proximal margins of caudal fin; 75–90% of caudal fin covered with tiny scales; no scales on other fins.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF42FBB8FFE2413BFF04FF48E8B4FF2B" ID-Table-UUID="DF42FBB8FFE2413BFF04FF48E8B4FF2B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF42FBB8FFE2413BFF04FF48E8B4FF2B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[159,1375,310,1820]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFE2413BFF04FF48E8B4FF2B" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE2413BFF04FF48EA57FF56" bold="true" box="[151,262,152,173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Morphometric and meristic data for
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFE2413BFD1AFF48E83AFF55" box="[649,875,152,174]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE2413BFD1AFF48E83AFF55" box="[649,875,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melanochromis loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; holotype, our collection from Likoma Island (n=10), and the types of the synonymous
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFE2413BFE79FF6BE923FF2B" box="[490,626,186,208]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parallelus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE2413BFE79FF6BE923FF2B" box="[490,626,186,208]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M. parallelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n=4). Ranges include the holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFE2413BFF0CFF33EE17F895" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,249]" lastBlockId="8.[159,1432,1880,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFE2413BFF0CFF33EA2EFF02" box="[159,383,227,249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE2413BFF0CFF33EA2EFF02" box="[159,383,227,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Melanochromis loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE2413BFCD6FF33EE14FF03" bold="true" box="[837,1349,227,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="54861592FFE2413BFCD6FF33E8F3FF03" box="[837,930,227,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
mean range
</emphasis>
Dorsal-fin spines 19 19 18–19
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFE2413BFF0CFEE6EE14F8E0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<table id="F93D5990FFE2BECCFF0CFEE6EE0EF8E7" box="[159,1375,310,1820]" gridcols="4" gridrows="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFEE6EE0EFEB7" box="[159,1375,310,332]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFEE6E955FEB7" box="[159,516,310,332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Standard length, mm</th>
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FEE6E8F3FEB7" box="[837,930,310,332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">100.6</th>
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFEE6EF32FEB7" box="[1064,1123,310,332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">78.1</th>
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFEE6EE0EFEB7" box="[1261,1375,310,332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">69.1–100.6</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFE8FEE0EFE8E" box="[159,1375,351,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFE8FE955FE8E" box="[159,516,351,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head length, mm</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FE8FE8F3FE8E" box="[837,930,351,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">30.5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFE8FEF32FE8E" box="[1064,1123,351,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">24.6</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFE8FEE0EFE8E" box="[1261,1375,351,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">21.0–30.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFE61EE0EFE33" box="[159,1375,433,456]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFE61E955FE33" box="[159,516,433,456]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE2413BFF0CFE61EA3BFE3C" bold="true" box="[159,362,433,456]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">% standard length</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFDD4EE0EFDE1" box="[159,1375,516,538]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFDD4E955FDE1" box="[159,516,516,538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head length</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FDD4E8F3FDE1" box="[837,930,516,538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">30.3</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFDD4EF32FDE1" box="[1064,1123,516,538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">31.5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFDD4EE0EFDE1" box="[1261,1375,516,538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">30.3–33.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFDFEEE0EFDBF" box="[159,1375,558,580]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFDFEE955FDBF" box="[159,516,558,580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Body depth</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FDFEE8F3FDBF" box="[837,930,558,580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">33.4</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFDFEEF32FDBF" box="[1064,1123,558,580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">35.5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFDFEEE0EFDBF" box="[1261,1375,558,580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">31.0–40.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFD87EE0EFD96" box="[159,1375,599,621]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFD87E955FD96" box="[159,516,599,621]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Snout to dorsal</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FD87E8F3FD96" box="[837,930,599,621]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">30.5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFD87EF32FD96" box="[1064,1123,599,621]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">34.5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFD87EE0EFD96" box="[1261,1375,599,621]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">30.5–37.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFD50EE0EFD6D" box="[159,1375,640,662]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFD50E955FD6D" box="[159,516,640,662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Snout to pelvic</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FD50E8F3FD6D" box="[837,930,640,662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">41.3</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFD50EF32FD6D" box="[1064,1123,640,662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">37.0</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFD50EE0EFD6D" box="[1261,1375,640,662]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">34.7–41.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFD7AEE0EFD3B" box="[159,1375,682,704]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFD7AE955FD3B" box="[159,516,682,704]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FD7AE8F3FD3B" box="[837,930,682,704]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">62.6</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFD7AEF32FD3B" box="[1064,1123,682,704]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">61.2</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFD7AEE0EFD3B" box="[1261,1375,682,704]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">59.5–62.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFD03EE0EFD12" box="[159,1375,723,745]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFD03E955FD12" box="[159,516,723,745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Anterior dorsal to anterior anal</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FD03E8F3FD12" box="[837,930,723,745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">49.7</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFD03EF32FD12" box="[1064,1123,723,745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">51.1</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFD03EE0EFD12" box="[1261,1375,723,745]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">49.1–53.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFD2CEE0EFCE9" box="[159,1375,764,786]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFD2CE955FCE9" box="[159,516,764,786]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Anterior dorsal to posterior anal</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FD2CE8F3FCE9" box="[837,930,764,786]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">63.7</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFD2CEF32FCE9" box="[1064,1123,764,786]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">63.8</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFD2CEE0EFCE9" box="[1261,1375,764,786]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">63.0–65.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFCF6EE0EFCC7" box="[159,1375,806,828]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFCF6E955FCC7" box="[159,516,806,828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Posterior dorsal to anterior anal</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FCF6E8F3FCC7" box="[837,930,806,828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">30.0</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFCF6EF32FCC7" box="[1064,1123,806,828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">30.2</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFCF6EE0EFCC7" box="[1261,1375,806,828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">28.8–31.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFC9FEE0EFC9E" box="[159,1375,847,869]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFC9FE955FC9E" box="[159,516,847,869]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Posterior dorsal to posterior anal</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FC9FE8F3FC9E" box="[837,930,847,869]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">15.7</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFC9FEF32FC9E" box="[1064,1123,847,869]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">15.8</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFC9FEE0EFC9E" box="[1261,1375,847,869]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">15.1–16.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFCA8EE0EFC75" box="[159,1375,888,910]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFCA8E955FC75" box="[159,516,888,910]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Posterior dorsal to ventral caudal</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FCA8E8F3FC75" box="[837,930,888,910]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">19.2</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFCA8EF32FC75" box="[1064,1123,888,910]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18.5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFCA8EE0EFC75" box="[1261,1375,888,910]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">16.3–19.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFC72EE0EFC43" box="[159,1375,930,952]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFC72E955FC43" box="[159,516,930,952]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Posterior anal to dorsal caudal</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FC72E8F3FC43" box="[837,930,930,952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">21.0</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFC72EF32FC43" box="[1064,1123,930,952]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">21.4</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFC72EE0EFC43" box="[1261,1375,930,952]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">19.9–22.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFC1BEE0EFC1A" box="[159,1375,971,993]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFC1BE955FC1A" box="[159,516,971,993]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Anterior dorsal to pelvic-fin origin</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FC1BE8F3FC1A" box="[837,930,971,993]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">34.9</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFC1BEF32FC1A" box="[1064,1123,971,993]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">35.3</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFC1BEE0EFC1A" box="[1261,1375,971,993]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">32.1–38.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFC24EE0EFBF1" box="[159,1375,1012,1034]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFC24E955FBF1" box="[159,516,1012,1034]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Posterior dorsal to pelvic-fin origin</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FC24E8F3FBF1" box="[837,930,1012,1034]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">52.3</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFC24EF32FBF1" box="[1064,1123,1012,1034]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">58.5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFC24EE0EFBF1" box="[1261,1375,1012,1034]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">52.3–63.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFBCEEE0EFBCF" box="[159,1375,1054,1076]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFBCEE955FBCF" box="[159,516,1054,1076]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Caudal-peduncle length</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FBCEE8F3FBCF" box="[837,930,1054,1076]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">15.3</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFBCEEF32FBCF" box="[1064,1123,1054,1076]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">14.7</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFBCEEE0EFBCF" box="[1261,1375,1054,1076]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">11.9–16.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFB97EE0EFBA6" box="[159,1375,1095,1117]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFB97E955FBA6" box="[159,516,1095,1117]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Least caudal-peduncle depth</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FB97E8F3FBA6" box="[837,930,1095,1117]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.2</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFB97EF32FBA6" box="[1064,1123,1095,1117]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12.4</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFB97EE0EFBA6" box="[1261,1375,1095,1117]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">11.7–12.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFBA0EE0EFB7D" box="[159,1375,1136,1158]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFBA0E955FB7D" box="[159,516,1136,1158]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pectoral-fin length</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FBA0E8F3FB7D" box="[837,930,1136,1158]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">21.3</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFBA0EF32FB7D" box="[1064,1123,1136,1158]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">23.6</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFBA0EE0EFB7D" box="[1261,1375,1136,1158]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">21.3–25.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFB4AEE0EFB4B" box="[159,1375,1178,1200]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFB4AE955FB4B" box="[159,516,1178,1200]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pelvic-fin length</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FB4AE8F3FB4B" box="[837,930,1178,1200]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">25.4</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFB4AEF32FB4B" box="[1064,1123,1178,1200]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">25.1</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFB4AEE0EFB4B" box="[1261,1375,1178,1200]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">21.7–27.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFB3CEE0EFAF8" box="[159,1375,1260,1283]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFB3CE955FAF8" box="[159,516,1260,1283]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE2413BFF0CFB3CEA6CFAF9" bold="true" box="[159,317,1260,1283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">% head length</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFAEFEE0EFAAE" box="[159,1375,1343,1365]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFAEFE955FAAE" box="[159,516,1343,1365]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Snout length</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FAEFE8F3FAAE" box="[837,930,1343,1365]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">36.2</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFAEFEF32FAAE" box="[1064,1123,1343,1365]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">33.8</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFAEFEE0EFAAE" box="[1261,1375,1343,1365]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">29.9–37.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFAB8EE0EFA85" box="[159,1375,1384,1406]" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFAB8E955FA85" box="[159,516,1384,1406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Postorbital head length</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FAB8E8F3FA85" box="[837,930,1384,1406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">40.3</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFAB8EF32FA85" box="[1064,1123,1384,1406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">41.6</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFAB8EE0EFA85" box="[1261,1375,1384,1406]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">40.0–43.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFA42EE0EFA53" box="[159,1375,1426,1448]" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFA42E955FA53" box="[159,516,1426,1448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Horizontal eye diameter</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FA42E8F3FA53" box="[837,930,1426,1448]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">23.9</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFA42EF32FA53" box="[1064,1123,1426,1448]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">29.0</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFA42EE0EFA53" box="[1261,1375,1426,1448]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">23.9–31.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFA6BEE0EFA2A" box="[159,1375,1467,1489]" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFA6BE955FA2A" box="[159,516,1467,1489]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Vertical eye diameter</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FA6BE8F3FA2A" box="[837,930,1467,1489]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">24.1</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFA6BEF32FA2A" box="[1064,1123,1467,1489]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">28.4</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFA6BEE0EFA2A" box="[1261,1375,1467,1489]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">24.1–30.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CFA34EE0EFA01" box="[159,1375,1508,1530]" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CFA34E955FA01" box="[159,516,1508,1530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head depth</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6FA34E8F3FA01" box="[837,930,1508,1530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">96.9</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBFA34EF32FA01" box="[1064,1123,1508,1530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">92.2</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EFA34EE0EFA01" box="[1261,1375,1508,1530]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">81.7–96.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CF9DEEE0EF9DF" box="[159,1375,1550,1572]" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CF9DEE955F9DF" box="[159,516,1550,1572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Preorbital depth</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6F9DEE8F3F9DF" box="[837,930,1550,1572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">21.5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBF9DEEF32F9DF" box="[1064,1123,1550,1572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">20.8</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EF9DEEE0EF9DF" box="[1261,1375,1550,1572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">18.7–22.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CF9E7EE0EF9B6" box="[159,1375,1591,1613]" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CF9E7E955F9B6" box="[159,516,1591,1613]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cheek depth</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6F9E7E8F3F9B6" box="[837,930,1591,1613]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">23.1</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBF9E7EF32F9B6" box="[1064,1123,1591,1613]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">22.5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EF9E7EE0EF9B6" box="[1261,1375,1591,1613]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">20.1–24.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CF9B0EE0EF98D" box="[159,1375,1632,1654]" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CF9B0E955F98D" box="[159,516,1632,1654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lower-jaw length</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6F9B0E8F3F98D" box="[837,930,1632,1654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">33.3</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBF9B0EF32F98D" box="[1064,1123,1632,1654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">33.6</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EF9B0EE0EF98D" box="[1261,1375,1632,1654]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">31.9–35.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CF95AEE0EF95B" box="[159,1375,1674,1696]" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CF95AE955F95B" box="[159,516,1674,1696]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Interorbital width</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6F95AE8F3F95B" box="[837,930,1674,1696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">28.5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBF95AEF32F95B" box="[1064,1123,1674,1696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">25.9</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EF95AEE0EF95B" box="[1261,1375,1674,1696]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">24.3–28.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CF963EE0EF932" box="[159,1375,1715,1737]" gridrow="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CF963E955F932" box="[159,516,1715,1737]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Premaxillary length</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6F963E8F3F932" box="[837,930,1715,1737]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">24.7</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBF963EF32F932" box="[1064,1123,1715,1737]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">25.6</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EF963EE0EF932" box="[1261,1375,1715,1737]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">23.8–28.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE2BECCFF0CF8D5EE0EF8E7" box="[159,1375,1797,1820]" gridrow="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFF0CF8D5E955F8E7" box="[159,516,1797,1820]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Meristics</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFCD6F8D5E8F3F8E7" box="[837,930,1797,1820]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">holotype</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFBBBF8D5EF32F8E7" box="[1064,1123,1797,1820]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mode</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE2BECCFB7EF8D5EE0EF8E7" box="[1261,1375,1797,1820]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">range</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFE2413BFF0CF852EE68F86C" blockId="8.[159,1432,1880,2027]" box="[159,1337,1922,1944]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Dorsal-fin rays 7 8 7–9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFE2413BFF0CF87BEE7CF83A" blockId="8.[159,1432,1880,2027]" box="[159,1325,1963,1985]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Anal-fin spines 3 3 3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFE2413AFB00F805EA71FBEC" blockId="8.[159,1432,1880,2027]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,771,1948]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
......
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE2413BFB2AF806EEC9F810" box="[1209,1432,2006,2027]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">continue on next page</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFF54FCD3EA0FFCE7" bold="true" box="[199,350,771,796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Colouration.</emphasis>
Breeding males: head dark blue/black with two light-blue interorbital bands; cheek and gular region black; nape dark blue/black. Body dark blue/black with solid light-blue midlateral stripe and more diffuse light-blue dorso-lateral stripe; caudal peduncle dark blue/black with blue midlateral stripe; belly and breast dark blue/black. Dorsal fin dark blue with broad black submarginal band and light-blue lappets, in some males posterior dorsal with yellow margin. Caudal fin with dark-blue/black membranes and some light-blue rays, light-blue margin with narrow yellow posterior edge. Anal fin black, with 0–3 orange/yellow ocelli on posterior margin and lightblue ventral margin. Pelvic fin black with light-blue anterior margin. Pectoral fin with gray/black rays and clear membranes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFE3413AFF0CFF70EE68FD5D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<table id="F93D5990FFE3BECCFF0CFF70EE17FD5D" box="[159,1350,160,678]" gridcols="4" gridrows="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFF70EE17FF4D" box="[159,1350,160,182]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFF70E948FF4D" box="[159,537,160,182]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFF0CFF70EA5DFF4E" bold="true" box="[159,268,160,181]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
(Continued.)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFF19EE17FF24" box="[159,1350,201,223]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFF19E948FF24" box="[159,537,201,223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFE3413AFF0CFF19EA2EFF24" box="[159,383,201,223]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFF0CFF19EA2EFF24" box="[159,383,201,223]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Melanochromis loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFCD6FF19E8F3FF24" box="[837,930,201,223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFCD6FF1AE8F3FF24" bold="true" box="[837,930,202,223]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">holotype</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFBBBFF19EF32FF24" box="[1064,1123,201,223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFBBBFF1AEF32FF24" bold="true" box="[1064,1123,202,223]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mean</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFA94FF19EE17FF24" box="[1287,1350,201,223]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFA94FF1AEE14FF24" bold="true" box="[1287,1349,202,223]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">range</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFF22EE17FEF3" box="[159,1350,242,264]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFF22E948FEF3" box="[159,537,242,264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Anal-fin rays</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFCD6FF22E8F3FEF3" box="[837,930,242,264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFBBBFF22EF32FEF3" box="[1064,1123,242,264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFA94FF22EE17FEF3" box="[1287,1350,242,264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7–8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFECBEE17FEC9" box="[159,1350,283,306]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFECBE948FEC9" box="[159,537,283,306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pectoral-fin rays</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFCD6FECBE8F3FEC9" box="[837,930,283,306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">14</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFBBBFECBEF32FEC9" box="[1064,1123,283,306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">13</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFA94FECBEE17FEC9" box="[1287,1350,283,306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">13–14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFE95EE17FEA0" box="[159,1350,325,347]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFE95E948FEA0" box="[159,537,325,347]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pelvic-fin rays</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFCD6FE95E8F3FEA0" box="[837,930,325,347]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFBBBFE95EF32FEA0" box="[1064,1123,325,347]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFA94FE95EE17FEA0" box="[1287,1350,325,347]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFEBEEE17FE7F" box="[159,1350,366,388]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFEBEE948FE7F" box="[159,537,366,388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lateral-line scales</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFCD6FEBEE8F3FE7F" box="[837,930,366,388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">33</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFBBBFEBEEF32FE7F" box="[1064,1123,366,388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">33</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFA94FEBEEE17FE7F" box="[1287,1350,366,388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">32–34</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFE48EE17FE55" box="[159,1350,408,430]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFE48E948FE55" box="[159,537,408,430]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pored scales post lateral line</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFCD6FE48E8F3FE55" box="[837,930,408,430]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFBBBFE48EF32FE55" box="[1064,1123,408,430]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFA94FE48EE17FE55" box="[1287,1350,408,430]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0–2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFE11EE17FE2C" box="[159,1350,449,471]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFE11E948FE2C" box="[159,537,449,471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cheek-scale rows</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFCD6FE11E8F3FE2C" box="[837,930,449,471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFBBBFE11EF32FE2C" box="[1064,1123,449,471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFA94FE11EE17FE2C" box="[1287,1350,449,471]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4–5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFE3AEE17FDFB" box="[159,1350,490,512]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFE3AE948FDFB" box="[159,537,490,512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gillrakers 1st ceratobranchial</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFCD6FE3AE8F3FDFB" box="[837,930,490,512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFBBBFE3AEF32FDFB" box="[1064,1123,490,512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFA94FE3AEE17FDFB" box="[1287,1350,490,512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8–10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFDC3EE17FDD2" box="[159,1350,531,553]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFDC3E948FDD2" box="[159,537,531,553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gillrakers 1st epibranchial</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFCD6FDC3E8F3FDD2" box="[837,930,531,553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFBBBFDC3EF32FDD2" box="[1064,1123,531,553]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFA94FDC3EE17FDD2" box="[1287,1350,531,553]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2–3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFDEDEE17FDA8" box="[159,1350,573,595]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFDEDE948FDA8" box="[159,537,573,595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Teeth in outer series of left lower jaw</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFCD6FDEDE8F3FDA8" box="[837,930,573,595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">26</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFBBBFDEDEF32FDA8" box="[1064,1123,573,595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">26</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFA94FDEDEE17FDA8" box="[1287,1350,573,595]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">23–29</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFDB6EE17FD87" box="[159,1350,614,636]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFDB6E948FD87" box="[159,537,614,636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tooth rows in upper jaw</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFCD6FDB6E8F3FD87" box="[837,930,614,636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFBBBFDB6EF32FD87" box="[1064,1123,614,636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFA94FDB6EE17FD87" box="[1287,1350,614,636]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5–7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350DA972FFE3BECCFF0CFD40EE17FD5D" box="[159,1350,656,678]" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFF0CFD40E948FD5D" box="[159,537,656,678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tooth rows in lower jaw</th>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFCD6FD40E8F3FD5D" box="[837,930,656,678]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFBBBFD40EF32FD5D" box="[1064,1123,656,678]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6</td>
<td id="76DCC00EFFE3BECCFA94FD40EE17FD5D" box="[1287,1350,656,678]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5–7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFE3413AFF54FBF4E809FB37" blockId="9.[151,1436,771,1948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Females: head gray/green on snout and nape, and cream/white on cheek and throat with two black interorbital bars and third bar on nape extending to dorso-lateral stripe. Body white/cream with broad black midlateral and dorso-lateral stripes, each 2–3 scales wide. Dorsal and anal fin white with broad black submarginal band, caudal fin white with clear margin and black spots and streaks throughout fin. Pelvic fin white with narrow white/light-blue anterior margin and black submarginal band. Pectoral fin clear.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327F8BBFFE3413AFF54FB07E9F3F867" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B82AB30FFE3413AFF54FB07E9F3F867" blockId="9.[151,1436,771,1948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFF54FB07E93EFB0B" bold="true" box="[199,623,1239,1264]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution and field observations.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFE3413AFDE5FB08E83EFB0B" box="[630,879,1240,1264]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFDE5FB08E83EFB0B" box="[630,879,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Melanochromis loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a wide distribution in the northern half of the lake. The northernmost points of distribution are Mphanga Rocks,
<collectingCountry id="F32AEBA0FFE3413AFC36FB2CE8ACFAEF" box="[933,1021,1276,1300]" name="Malawi" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malawi</collectingCountry>
, on the west coast of the lake, and Lutara,
<collectingCountry id="F32AEBA0FFE3413AFF60FACFEA0AFACC" box="[243,347,1311,1335]" name="Tanzania" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, on the east coast. Kande Island,
<collectingCountry id="F32AEBA0FFE3413AFD63FACFE814FACC" box="[752,837,1311,1335]" name="Malawi" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malawi</collectingCountry>
and Tumbi Point,
<collectingCountry id="F32AEBA0FFE3413AFBBBFACFEFEEFACC" box="[1064,1215,1311,1335]" name="Mozambique" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, are the respective southernmost points of distribution (
<figureCitation id="1306B7B5FFE3413AFDBCFA94E921FAA7" box="[559,624,1348,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1975,1998]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Lake MalaŴi with localities mentioned in the text." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). This species is also found at the islands of Chizumulu and Likoma but not at Taiwanee Reef.
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFE3413AFE0FFAB9E957FA7B" box="[412,518,1384,1408]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFE0FFAB9E957FA7B" box="[412,518,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in small numbers at most localities throughout its range, but at Ndumbi Rocks, a reef off the northwestern point of Likoma Island, it is sometimes found in foraging groups of more than 50 individuals. Besides females and non-breeding males, such groups often contain non-territorial males in full breeding colouration. The preferred habitat is mostly rocky with little sand, and the majority of individuals occur at a depth ranging between five and 20 meters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFACD6C1FFE3413AFD0BFA27E828F9F4" author="Ribbink" box="[664,889,1527,1552]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Ribbink, A. J., Marsh, B. A., Marsh, A. C., Ribbink, A. C. &amp; Sharp, B. J. (1983) A preliminary survey of the cichlid fishes of rocky habitats in Lake Malawi. South African Journal of Zoology, 18, 149 - 310." type="journal article" year="1983">
Ribbink
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFD6FFA29E867F9EB" box="[764,822,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
1983
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFE3413AFC1DFA28EFD9F9EB" box="[910,1160,1528,1552]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFC1DFA28EFD9F9EB" box="[910,1160,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Melanochromis loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an omnivore, feeding mainly from the
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFEC6F9CCEA93F9CF" box="[341,450,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aufwuchs</emphasis>
on rocks. In addition to algae, however,
<bibRefCitation id="EFACD6C1FFE3413AFC07F9CCEFD0F9CF" box="[916,1153,1564,1588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Ribbink, A. J., Marsh, B. A., Marsh, A. C., Ribbink, A. C. &amp; Sharp, B. J. (1983) A preliminary survey of the cichlid fishes of rocky habitats in Lake Malawi. South African Journal of Zoology, 18, 149 - 310." type="journal article">
Ribbink
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFC66F9CDEF79F9CF" box="[1013,1064,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. (1983)
</bibRefCitation>
observed cichlid fry and catfish eggs in the stomach contents of six individuals collected at Likoma Island.
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFE3413AFBEDF990EE2CF9A3" box="[1150,1405,1600,1624]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFBEDF990EE2CF9A3" box="[1150,1405,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Melanochromis loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is attracted to stirred-up sediment, suggesting opportunistic feeding behavior. On several occasions one of us (AK) has observed adult females of
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFE3413AFDB2F959E9C5F95B" box="[545,660,1672,1696]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFDB2F959E9C5F95B" box="[545,660,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
picking fungus and anchor worms (
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFE3413AFBFAF959EF97F95B" box="[1129,1222,1673,1696]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lernaeidae" genus="Lernaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFBFAF959EF97F95B" box="[1129,1222,1673,1696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lernaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.) from larger haplochromines (non-mbuna). In all instances the afflicted fish approached the “cleaner” and made clear, by lying on its side or hovering in a slanting, head-up position, that it would like to have a “treatment”. In all cases the dorsal fin was presented first. The female
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFE3413AFDFCF925E986F8F7" box="[623,727,1780,1804]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFDFCF925E986F8F7" box="[623,727,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
then picked vigorously at the fungus or parasite and tore it off. Although this visibly hurt the “client’, it remained in the typical position. When the cleaning process was complete, which might take more than a minute, the larger haplochromine would resume its normal swimming position and disappear. Cleaning stations, as seen in marine fishes, were not observed: after the cleaning was done the female
<taxonomicName id="4C3DD0B3FFE3413AFAEEF8B1EB8BF867" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Melanochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="B9497722FFE3413AFAEEF8B1EB8BF867" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. loriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would disappear from the scene as well.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink