131 lines
15 KiB
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131 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.2113/gsrocky.37.2.237" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41bd81a8-8d16-41cb-950f-8fab1660f845" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3943081" approvalRequired="5" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" checkinTime="1594481635270" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Kenneth Carpenter & D. Bruce Young" docDate="2002" docId="038D8781B56BFF9BFBBA6EDFFDCEA12D" docLanguage="en" docName="CarpenterYoung2002ABBYY14.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Rocky Mountain Geology 37" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Hadrosauridae Cope 1869" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="247" masterDocId="FFB4FFF9B562FF91FFE46D07FFD6A911" masterDocTitle="Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Denver Basin, Colorado" masterLastPageNumber="254" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="246" updateTime="1663156125279" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Denver Basin, Colorado</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kenneth Carpenter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, CO 80205, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>D. Bruce Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, CO 80205, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rocky Mountain Geology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2002</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>37</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>237</mods:start>
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<mods:end>254</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.2113/gsrocky.37.2.237</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">41bd81a8-8d16-41cb-950f-8fab1660f845</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3943081</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4332669" ID-GBIF-Taxon="165074913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4332669" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D8781B56BFF9BFBBA6EDFFDCEA12D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D8781B56BFF9BFBBA6EDFFDCEA12D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[1041,1688,984,2984]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
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<heading bold="true" box="[1118,1614,984,1023]" centered="true" fontSize="13" level="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" reason="0">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1118,1614,984,1023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1869" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1118,1382,984,1023]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hadrosaurid</taxonomicName>
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genus and
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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<heading bold="true" box="[1218,1511,1036,1075]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" reason="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1218,1511,1036,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">species indet.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
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<subSubSection box="[1209,1519,1087,1125]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[1041,1688,984,2984]" box="[1209,1519,1087,1125]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
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<figureCitation box="[1209,1379,1087,1125]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="1.[376,500,2947,2979]" captionTargetBox="[404,1334,1943,2866]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 2. (Caption on facing page.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943085/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[1478,1519,1087,1125]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="9.[1737,1861,2818,2850]" captionTargetBox="[1795,2319,1530,2705]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 15. Right femur of subadult hadrosaurid (UCM 43654) in anterior (A) and medial (B) views from Laramie Formation. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943115/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="246" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[1041,1688,984,2984]" box="[1042,1620,1138,1176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1874" box="[1042,1377,1138,1176]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Agathaumas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milo">Agathaumas milo</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cope" box="[1391,1620,1138,1176]" firstAuthor="Cope" journalOrPublisher="U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories Annual Report" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" pagination="9 - 28" part="1" refId="ref9726" refString="Cope, E. D., 1874 a, Report on the stratigraphy and Pliocene vertebrate paleontology of northern Colorado: U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories Annual Report, v. 1, p. 9 - 28." title="Report on the stratigraphy and Pliocene vertebrate paleontology of northern Colorado" type="journal article" year="1874" yearSuffix="a">Cope, 1874a</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[1041,1688,984,2984]" box="[1046,1629,1187,1225]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cope, 1874 a" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1874" box="[1046,1629,1187,1225]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Cionodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctatus">
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<emphasis box="[1046,1387,1187,1225]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Cionodon arctatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cope" box="[1401,1629,1187,1225]" firstAuthor="Cope" journalOrPublisher="U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories Annual Report" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" pagination="9 - 28" part="1" refId="ref9726" refString="Cope, E. D., 1874 a, Report on the stratigraphy and Pliocene vertebrate paleontology of northern Colorado: U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories Annual Report, v. 1, p. 9 - 28." title="Report on the stratigraphy and Pliocene vertebrate paleontology of northern Colorado" type="journal article" year="1874" yearSuffix="a">Cope, 1874a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="246" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[1041,1688,984,2984]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis box="[1118,1287,1238,1276]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Material.</emphasis>
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—AMNH 3951 (type of
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<taxonomicName authority="Cope, 1874 a" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1874" box="[1103,1458,1288,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Cionodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctatus">
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<emphasis box="[1103,1283,1288,1326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Cionodon</emphasis>
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arctatus'
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[1458,1471,1288,1326]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">)</emphasis>
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maxillary fragment, dorsal vertebrae, metatarsal III distal end, metatarsal IV proximal end (Laramie Formation, exact locality unknown, but believed to be Bijou Creek); DMNH 29475 tooth (Denver Formation, Loc. 20); DMNH 32828 tooth (Denver Formation, Loc. 20); DMNH 34341 tooth (Denver Formation, Loc. 20); DMNH 44600 right pubis (Denver Formation, Loc. 14); UCM 38059 tooth (Denver Formation, Loc. 37); UCM 42326 tooth (Laramie Formation, Loc. 1); UCM 42327 tooth (Laramie Formation, Loc. 1); UCM 43654 right femur (Laramie Formation; Loc. 3); UCM 437372 vertebrae (Laramie Formation, Loc. 6); USNM 7623 ungual (Denver Formation, Loc. 17); and footprints (Laramie Formation, Loc. 9, 10).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[1041,1688,984,2984]" lastBlockId="10.[260,908,276,2108]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis box="[1115,1678,2494,2532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Description and discussion.—</emphasis>
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Cope named
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1874" box="[1322,1681,2545,2583]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Agathaumas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="milo">
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<emphasis box="[1322,1572,2545,2583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Agathaumas</emphasis>
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milo
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</taxonomicName>
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in 1874a, but he did not provide a description of the material. Later, Cope (1874b) described the material under
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Leidy" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Hadrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Hadrosaurus occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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As Cope admitted, the material is very fragmentary, and his description is too incomplete for identification beyond family level. The material cannot be located now in the American Museum of Natural History. The holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1874" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Cionodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Cionodon arctatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also very fragmentary. It was figured by Cope (1875) and here in
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<figureCitation box="[1991,2156,584,622]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="1.[376,500,2947,2979]" captionTargetBox="[404,1334,1943,2866]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 2. (Caption on facing page.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943085/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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. The material is clearly hadrosaurian, but little else can be added to Cope's original description.
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<bibRefCitation author="Lull and Wright" firstAuthor="Lull" journalOrPublisher="Geological Society ofAmerica Special Paper" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" pagination="1 - 242" part="40" refId="ref10686" refString="Lull, R S., and Wright, N. E., 1942, Hadrosaurian dinosaurs of North America: Geological Society ofAmerica Special Paper, no. 40, p. 1 - 242." title="Hadrosaurian dinosaurs of North America" type="book" year="1942">Lull and Wright (1942)</bibRefCitation>
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suggested that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1874" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Cionodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctatus">
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<emphasis box="[2343,2371,782,820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1741,1890,832,870]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">arctatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was “... evidently from the watershed between the South Platte River and Lodge Pole [sic] Creek, Colorado." However, the strata here are mostly mid-Tertiary in age (mostly the Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene White River Formation) and are exposed as a broken line of cliffs just south of the Colorado-Wyoming border. Furthermore, Cope (in Cross, 1896) stated that the specimen came from Bijou Creek. The Laramie Formation along Bijou Creek is covered by a wide mantle of Quaternary sediment. It is not exposed until just north of Deer Trail, along East Bijou Creek, where it extends south for 60 km. Either the specimen came from this stretch of the Laramie, or the specimen actually came from the Denver Formation exposed along one of the other drainages, such as south of Strasburg.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[260,908,276,2108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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A hadrosaur pubis was found in 2001 near Strasburg in the Denver Formation (Loc. 14). The prepubic process is damaged and the postpubic process is incomplete. The prepubic process is estimated to be over 48 cm long. The femur (
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<figureCitation box="[492,624,1354,1392]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="9.[1737,1861,2818,2850]" captionTargetBox="[1795,2319,1530,2705]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 15. Right femur of subadult hadrosaurid (UCM 43654) in anterior (A) and medial (B) views from Laramie Formation. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943115/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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) was collected by amateur paleontologist Asa Maxson in the early 1930s. It is 90 cm long, suggesting that it belongs to a subadult individual.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[260,908,276,2108]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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Footprints believed to be of hadrosaurs have been described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Lockley and Hunt" box="[336,900,1712,1750]" firstAuthor="Lockley" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" pagination="592 - 614" part="15" refId="ref10541" refString="Lockley, M. G., and Hunt, A. P., 1995, Ceratopsid tracks and associated ichnofauna from the Laramie Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Maastrichtian) of Colorado: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 15, p. 592 - 614." title="Ceratopsid tracks and associated ichnofauna from the Laramie Formation (Upper Cretaceous: Maastrichtian) of Colorado" type="journal article" year="1995">Lockley and Hunt (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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from the lower part of the Laramie Formation, which
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<bibRefCitation author="Weimer" firstAuthor="Weimer" journalOrPublisher="Mountain Geologist" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" pagination="53 - 73" part="10" refId="ref11237" refString="Weimer, R. J., 1973, A guide to uppermost Cretaceous stratigraphy central Front Range, Colorado: Deltaic sedimentation, growth faulting and early Laramide crustal movement: Mountain Geologist, v. 10, p. 53 - 73." title="A guide to uppermost Cretaceous stratigraphy central Front Range, Colorado: Deltaic sedimentation, growth faulting and early Laramide crustal movement" type="journal article" year="1973">Weimer (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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has interpreted as delta plain deposits. The prints are of different sizes indicating that their makers were individuals of different ages.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |