178 lines
18 KiB
XML
178 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.2113/gsrocky.37.2.237" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41bd81a8-8d16-41cb-950f-8fab1660f845" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3943081" approvalRequired="5" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" checkinTime="1594481635270" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Kenneth Carpenter & D. Bruce Young" docDate="2002" docId="038D8781B568FF9AF9106A97FB62AE59" docLanguage="en" docName="CarpenterYoung2002ABBYY14.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Rocky Mountain Geology 37" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Torosaurus Marsh 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="248" masterDocId="FFB4FFF9B562FF91FFE46D07FFD6A911" masterDocTitle="Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Denver Basin, Colorado" masterLastPageNumber="254" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="247" updateTime="1663156125279" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Denver Basin, Colorado</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kenneth Carpenter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, CO 80205, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>D. Bruce Young</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, CO 80205, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rocky Mountain Geology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2002</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>37</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>237</mods:start>
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<mods:end>254</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.2113/gsrocky.37.2.237</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">41bd81a8-8d16-41cb-950f-8fab1660f845</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3943081</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4332681" ID-GBIF-Taxon="165074933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4332681" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D8781B568FF9AF9106A97FB62AE59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D8781B568FF9AF9106A97FB62AE59" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<subSubSection box="[1780,2147,1936,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[1643,2288,1936,2980]" box="[1780,2147,1936,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<heading bold="true" box="[1780,2147,1936,1975]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" reason="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1780,2147,1936,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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cf.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1849,2138,1936,1975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1891" box="[1849,2076,1938,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Torosaurus</taxonomicName>
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sp
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1811,2112,1987,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[1643,2288,1936,2980]" box="[1811,2112,1987,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<heading bold="true" box="[1811,2112,1987,2025]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" reason="4">
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<emphasis box="[1811,2112,1987,2025]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<figureCitation box="[1811,1982,1987,2025]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="5.[369,490,1391,1423]" captionTargetBox="[414,1677,332,1344]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 8. Ceratopsian pelvicbones (UCM 68914) from Denver Formation. Right ilium lacking most of preacetabular blade in dorsal (A), lateral (B), medial (C), and ventral (D) views. Left pubis in lateral (E) and medial (F) views. Right ischium in medial (G) and lateral (IT) views. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943101/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Figures 8</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[2079,2112,1987,2025]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="6.[1611,1736,296,328]" captionTargetBox="[306,1575,296,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 11, left. Fossils referred to Torosaurus sp. (DMNH 17060), for merly known as Leyden Triceratops. Left dentary in lateral (A) and medial (S') views. Left coracoid (C), and left scapula (D). Crushed left humerus in anterior (E), and posterior (E) views. Right pubis (G) and ischium (FT). Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943107/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">11</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[1643,2288,1936,2980]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<emphasis box="[1719,1900,2037,2075]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Material.</emphasis>
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-DMNH 17060 left dentary with articular, splenial, left scapula and coracoid, cervical, posterior dorsal, sacrum, anterior caudal, posterior caudal, ribs, left humerus, partial ilium, ilium fragment, right pubis, right ischium, fibula fragment, metatarsal (Laramie Formation, Loc. 9).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[1643,2288,1936,2980]" lastBlockId="11.[369,1361,274,1864]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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Description
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<emphasis box="[2012,2285,2540,2578]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">and discussion</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1748,1778,2590,2628]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">—</emphasis>
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This ceratopsian specimen is tentatively referred to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1891" box="[1647,1862,2691,2729]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1647,1862,2691,2729]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Torosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the basis of the elongated humeral shaft below the deltopectoral crest (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="6.[1611,1736,296,328]" captionTargetBox="[306,1575,296,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 11, left. Fossils referred to Torosaurus sp. (DMNH 17060), for merly known as Leyden Triceratops. Left dentary in lateral (A) and medial (S') views. Left coracoid (C), and left scapula (D). Crushed left humerus in anterior (E), and posterior (E) views. Right pubis (G) and ischium (FT). Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943107/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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Fig. 11
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<emphasis box="[2248,2276,2791,2829]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">E</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis box="[1643,1685,2842,2880]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">F)</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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and elongated posteromedial process of the coracoid (
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<figureCitation box="[2132,2274,2891,2929]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="5.[369,490,1391,1423]" captionTargetBox="[414,1677,332,1344]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 8. Ceratopsian pelvicbones (UCM 68914) from Denver Formation. Right ilium lacking most of preacetabular blade in dorsal (A), lateral (B), medial (C), and ventral (D) views. Left pubis in lateral (E) and medial (F) views. Right ischium in medial (G) and lateral (IT) views. Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943101/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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Fig. 8
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<emphasis box="[2243,2274,2891,2929]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">C</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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; compare
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<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, R. E. & Ostrom, J. H." editor="Thomason, J." journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Cambridge University Press" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" pagination="205 - 218" refId="ref10316" refString="Johnson, R. E., and Ostrom, J. H., 1995, The forelimb of Torosaurus and an analysis of the posture and gait of ceratopsians, in Thomason, J., ed., Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 205 - 218." title="The forelimb of Torosaurus and an analysis of the posture and gait of ceratopsians" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology" year="1995">Johnson and Ostrom, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 12.3-12.6,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" box="[769,1151,275,313]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hatcher" journalOrPublisher="U. S. Geological Survey Monograph" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 198" part="49" refId="ref10235" refString="Hatcher, J. B., Marsh, O. C., and Lull, R. S., 1907, The Ceratopsia: U. S. Geological Survey Monograph, v. 49, p. 1 - 198." title="The Ceratopsia" type="book" year="1907">Hatcher et al., 1907</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 64-66, and
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<figureCitation box="[459,730,325,363]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="6.[1611,1736,296,328]" captionTargetBox="[306,1575,296,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 11, left. Fossils referred to Torosaurus sp. (DMNH 17060), for merly known as Leyden Triceratops. Left dentary in lateral (A) and medial (S') views. Left coracoid (C), and left scapula (D). Crushed left humerus in anterior (E), and posterior (E) views. Right pubis (G) and ischium (FT). Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
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Figs. 11
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<emphasis box="[600,629,325,363]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">C</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis box="[654,679,325,363]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">E</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis box="[698,730,325,363]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">F</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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). Unfortunately, the frill, which has the most diagnostic features, is not present. If the identification is correct, this is the first record of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1891" box="[426,631,476,514]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[426,631,476,514]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Tbrosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Colorado. Much of this specimen is illustrated because little
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1891" box="[898,1101,526,564]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Torosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[898,1101,526,564]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Tbrosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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material has been figured before.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943117" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3943117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943117/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" startId="10.[959,1096,2763,2795]" targetBox="[996,1544,1936,2691]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[959,1596,2760,2982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[959,1183,2763,2795]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Figure 16.</emphasis>
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Fragment of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown & Schlaikjer" authorityYear="1943" class="Reptilia" family="Pachycephalosauridae" genus="Pachycephalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Pachycephalosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(DMNH 32649) dome in dorsal
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1139,1194,2857,2889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1151,1182,2857,2889]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">A</emphasis>
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)
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</emphasis>
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and lateral
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1427,1440,2857,2889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">(</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[1440,1470,2857,2889]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">B</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1470,1483,2857,2889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">)</emphasis>
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views from Denver Formation. Scale bar = 5 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[369,1361,274,1864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
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The dentary is complete and retains all of the teeth, although some of them have slipped partially out of their alveoli (
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<figureCitation box="[752,959,725,763]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="6.[1611,1736,296,328]" captionTargetBox="[306,1575,296,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 11, left. Fossils referred to Torosaurus sp. (DMNH 17060), for merly known as Leyden Triceratops. Left dentary in lateral (A) and medial (S') views. Left coracoid (C), and left scapula (D). Crushed left humerus in anterior (E), and posterior (E) views. Right pubis (G) and ischium (FT). Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
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Fig. 11
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<emphasis box="[876,908,725,763]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis box="[925,959,725,763]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">B</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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). The dentary is 63.5 cm long and the tooth row 47.3 cm. The articular is wedged between the tooth row and coronoid process. The vertebrae resemble those of other large neoceratopsians, such as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1889" box="[695,894,926,964]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Triceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[695,894,926,964]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Triceratops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" box="[919,1287,926,964]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hatcher" journalOrPublisher="U. S. Geological Survey Monograph" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 198" part="49" refId="ref10235" refString="Hatcher, J. B., Marsh, O. C., and Lull, R. S., 1907, The Ceratopsia: U. S. Geological Survey Monograph, v. 49, p. 1 - 198." title="The Ceratopsia" type="book" year="1907">Hatcher et al., 1907</bibRefCitation>
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), so are not figured. The scapula is proportionally short compared to dentary length, being about the same length (63 cm). In
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<emphasis box="[733,946,1075,1113]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1889" box="[733,940,1075,1113]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Triceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Triceratops</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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the dentary is apparently 75 percent the length of the scapula based on a skull and articulated skeleton (NSM PV20379). The scapula is 35 cm tall just posterior to the glenoid. The coracoid is nearly complete and has a distinct ventromedial projection (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Johnson and Ostrom" editor="Thomason, J." firstAuthor="Johnson" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Cambridge University Press" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" pagination="205 - 218" refId="ref10316" refString="Johnson, R. E., and Ostrom, J. H., 1995, The forelimb of Torosaurus and an analysis of the posture and gait of ceratopsians, in Thomason, J., ed., Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 205 - 218." title="The forelimb of Torosaurus and an analysis of the posture and gait of ceratopsians" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology" year="1995">Johnson and Ostrom, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 12.5) that is not seen in
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<emphasis box="[1050,1263,1376,1414]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1889" box="[1050,1258,1376,1414]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Triceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Triceratops</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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It is 27.3 cm long and over 43 cm tall.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[369,1361,274,1864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
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The humerus is crushed, thereby distorting the deltopectoral crest and the medial humeral tuberosity (
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<figureCitation box="[450,655,1576,1614]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="6.[1611,1736,296,328]" captionTargetBox="[306,1575,296,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 11, left. Fossils referred to Torosaurus sp. (DMNH 17060), for merly known as Leyden Triceratops. Left dentary in lateral (A) and medial (S') views. Left coracoid (C), and left scapula (D). Crushed left humerus in anterior (E), and posterior (E) views. Right pubis (G) and ischium (FT). Scale bar = 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3943107" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3943107/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
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Fig. 11
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<emphasis box="[576,604,1576,1614]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">B</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis box="[622,675,1576,1614]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">F).</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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The humerus has a midline length of 60 cm, is 37 cm wide proximally, and 28 cm wide distally. The pubis is missing its postpuhic process, hut otherwise it is relatively complete, although much covered with plaster of Paris. The ischium is missing both the proximal and distal ends.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |