1172 lines
170 KiB
XML
1172 lines
170 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D6B89FCB0D64FDC8B2A8EC0D6155B900">Bothriocephalidean tapeworms (Cestoda) of freshwater fish in Africa, including erection of Kirstenella n. gen. and description of Tetracampos martinae n. sp.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="002C1D718664F8FD23829711820F8843">Kuchta, Roman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="50CD7767C905368811C2A72369925120">Burianová, Alena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D78055BAAEA701CE783E6A2381BC5352">Jirkú, Miloslav</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C6BC26B5AD85F69EA821C9AA58AF8972">Chambrier, Alain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4EDBF335EB9C4AD52EDFD284B855AABD">Oros, Mikuláš</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AD7CC3FC0E9890FC4137DD194AF035D2">Brabec, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F1D8180248BC73EA2B25D6E54C9F0478">Scholz, Tomáš</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F61DEBC622CDEB6C44E22CE8C9E9E85C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="15886F5EF4965AEC62B39B813953A1C0">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1CB97AB1959DA4AA541B5D53FAE42B75">3309</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038A97030A29FFB4FF7D7731069DF984" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6174511" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119517154" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6174511" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A97030A29FFB4FF7D7731069DF984" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A97030A29FFB4FF7D7731069DF984" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C339759E0A29FFA8FF7D77310546F9EF" box="[151,575,1541,1567]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C26150A29FFA8FF7D77310546F9EF" blockId="15.[151,575,1541,1599]" box="[151,575,1541,1567]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D0D491790A29FFA8FF7D77310546F9EF" bold="true" box="[151,575,1541,1567]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FF7D77310546F9EF" authority="Wedl, 1861" authorityName="Wedl" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,575,1541,1567]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
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<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FF7D77310546F9EF" bold="true" box="[151,575,1541,1567]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FF7D773106D4F9EF" bold="true" box="[151,429,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tetracampos ciliotheca</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A29FFA8FE5E77310546F9EF" author="Wedl, K." box="[436,575,1541,1567]" firstAuthor="Wedl" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="463 - 482" part="44" refId="ref27652" refString="Wedl, K. (1861) Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 44, 463 - 482." title="Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda" type="journal article" year="1861">Wedl, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C339759E0A29FFA8FF7D771306F1F9CF" box="[151,392,1575,1599]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C26150A29FFA8FF7D771306F1F9CF" blockId="15.[151,575,1541,1599]" box="[151,392,1575,1599]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13183A900A29FFA8FF757713065EF9CF" box="[159,295,1575,1599]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[196,1400,197,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1401,195,1863]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 32. Scanning electron micrographs of the scoleces and the body surface. 23 – 27, Polyonchobothrium polypteri (Leydig, 1853) ex Polypterus bichir from Kenya (IPCAS C- 464). 23, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 24, Apical disc. 25, Surface of apical region of scolex. 26, Gravid proglottid, dorsal view. 27, Detail of operculum of egg. 28 – 32, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 28, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 29, Detail of hooks. 30, Surface of apical region of scolex. 31, Gravid proglottid, dorsoventral view. 32, Egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280996/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 28–32</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A29FFA8FED877130601F9CF" box="[306,376,1575,1599]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStart-1="FIGURES 49 – 52" captionStartId-0="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,264,1908,1931]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,772,1877]" captionTargetId-0="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetId-1="figure@17.[151,1436,772,1891]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionText-0="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." captionText-1="FIGURES 49 – 52. Photomicrographs of histological sections of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 in the intestinal wall of Clarias gariepinus from Ethiopia (IPCAS C- 466). 49, Cross-section of the intestinal wall at the level of the scolex. 50, Crosssection of the intestinal wall with several parts of the worm. 51, Detail of apical part of the scolex in the intestinal wall. 52, Detail of the parasite and host surface. * indicates the body of the parasite." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/280999/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">41–52</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C339759E0A29FFA8FF7D77440493F911" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="8B9C26150A29FFA8FF7D77440493F911" blockId="15.[151,1436,1648,1762]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Syns:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FF3C7744050BF976" authority="Woodland, 1925" authorityName="Woodland" authorityYear="1925" box="[214,626,1648,1670]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Clestobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clarias">
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||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FF3C774406B9F976" box="[214,448,1648,1670]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clestobothrium clarias</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A29FFA8FE2D7744050BF976" author="Woodland, W. N. F." box="[455,626,1648,1670]" firstAuthor="Woodland" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="158 - 189" part="19" refId="ref27711" refString="Woodland, W. N. F. (1925) Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 as a genus of the Bothriocephalidae. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 19, 158 - 189." title="Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 as a genus of the Bothriocephalidae" type="journal article" year="1925">Woodland, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FD96774404AFF976" box="[636,982,1648,1670]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cylindraceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FD96774404AFF976" box="[636,982,1648,1670]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Polyonchobothrium cylindraceum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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forma
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FBCA77450325F976" box="[1056,1116,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">major</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A29FFA8FB8977440394F976" author="Janicki, C." bookContentInfo="66 pp." box="[1123,1261,1648,1670]" editor="L. A. Jagerskiold" firstAuthor="Janicki" journalOrPublisher="The Library of the Royal University of Uppsala" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref24350" refString="Janicki, C. (1926) Cestodes s. str. aus Fischen u. Amphibien. In: L. A. Jagerskiold (Ed.), Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile 1901. Part V. The Library of the Royal University of Uppsala, 66 pp." title="Cestodes s. str. aus Fischen u. Amphibien" type="book" volumeTitle="Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile 1901. Part V" year="1926">Janicki, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FB12774502E5F976" box="[1272,1436,1648,1670]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cylindraceum">
|
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<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FB127745027DF976" box="[1272,1284,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P</emphasis>
|
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.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FAF8774402E5F976" box="[1298,1436,1648,1670]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">cylindraceum</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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forma
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FEE677A40630F955" box="[268,329,1680,1701]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">minor</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A29FFA8FEBB77BA06A7F954" author="Janicki, C." bookContentInfo="66 pp." box="[337,478,1678,1700]" editor="L. A. Jagerskiold" firstAuthor="Janicki" journalOrPublisher="The Library of the Royal University of Uppsala" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref24350" refString="Janicki, C. (1926) Cestodes s. str. aus Fischen u. Amphibien. In: L. A. Jagerskiold (Ed.), Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile 1901. Part V. The Library of the Royal University of Uppsala, 66 pp." title="Cestodes s. str. aus Fischen u. Amphibien" type="book" volumeTitle="Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile 1901. Part V" year="1926">Janicki, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FE0177BB04CDF954" authority="Meggitt, 1930" authorityName="Meggitt" authorityYear="1930" box="[491,948,1678,1701]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fulgidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FE0177BB046EF955" box="[491,791,1679,1701]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Polyonchobothrium fulgidum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A29FFA8FCF577BA04CDF954" author="Meggitt, F. J." box="[799,948,1678,1700]" firstAuthor="Meggitt" journalOrPublisher="Parasitology" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="338 - 345" part="22" refId="ref25386" refString="Meggitt, F. J. (1930) Report on a collection of cestodes mainly from Egypt. IV. Conclusion. Parasitology, 22, 338 - 345." title="Report on a collection of cestodes mainly from Egypt. IV. Conclusion" type="journal article" year="1930">Meggitt, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FC2B77BB0624F933" authority="(Woodland, 1925) Meggitt, 1930" authorityName="(Woodland, 1925) Meggitt" authorityYear="1930" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FC2B77BB03A0F955" box="[961,1241,1679,1701]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Polyonchobothrium clarias</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A29FFA8FB0377BA02ECF954" author="Woodland, W. N. F." box="[1257,1429,1678,1700]" firstAuthor="Woodland" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="158 - 189" part="19" refId="ref27711" refString="Woodland, W. N. F. (1925) Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 as a genus of the Bothriocephalidae. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 19, 158 - 189." title="Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 as a genus of the Bothriocephalidae" type="journal article" year="1925">Woodland, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A29FFA8FF2D77990624F933" author="Meggitt, F. J." box="[199,349,1709,1731]" firstAuthor="Meggitt" journalOrPublisher="Parasitology" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="338 - 345" part="22" refId="ref25386" refString="Meggitt, F. J. (1930) Report on a collection of cestodes mainly from Egypt. IV. Conclusion. Parasitology, 22, 338 - 345." title="Report on a collection of cestodes mainly from Egypt. IV. Conclusion" type="journal article" year="1930">Meggitt, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FE81779904A8F933" authority="(Wedl, 1861) Dollfus, 1934" authorityName="(Wedl, 1861) Dollfus" authorityYear="1934" box="[363,977,1709,1731]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FE81779905DBF933" box="[363,674,1709,1731]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Polyonchobothrium ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A29FFA8FD5977990457F933" author="Wedl, K." box="[691,814,1709,1731]" firstAuthor="Wedl" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="463 - 482" part="44" refId="ref27652" refString="Wedl, K. (1861) Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 44, 463 - 482." title="Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda" type="journal article" year="1861">Wedl, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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||
) Dollfus, 1934
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FC3577990612F911" authority="(Wedl, 1861) Yamaguti, 1959" authorityName="(Wedl, 1861) Yamaguti" authorityYear="1959" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyoncobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FC3577990270F933" box="[991,1289,1709,1731]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Polyoncobothrium ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A29FFA8FAF0779902EDF933" author="Wedl, K." box="[1306,1428,1709,1731]" firstAuthor="Wedl" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="463 - 482" part="44" refId="ref27652" refString="Wedl, K. (1861) Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 44, 463 - 482." title="Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda" type="journal article" year="1861">Wedl, 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) Yamaguti, 1959
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FE9F77F8049FF911" authority="(Woodland, 1925) Yamaguti, 1959" authorityName="(Woodland, 1925) Yamaguti" authorityYear="1959" box="[373,998,1739,1762]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyoncobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FE9F77F80504F912" box="[373,637,1740,1762]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Polyoncobothrium clarias</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A29FFA8FD6177FF044CF911" author="Woodland, W. N. F." box="[651,821,1739,1761]" firstAuthor="Woodland" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="158 - 189" part="19" refId="ref27711" refString="Woodland, W. N. F. (1925) Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 as a genus of the Bothriocephalidae. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 19, 158 - 189." title="Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 as a genus of the Bothriocephalidae" type="journal article" year="1925">Woodland, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) Yamaguti, 1959
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C339759E0A29FFB7FF7D763B06EFFE94" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A29FFA8FF7D763B04EDF8D6" blockId="15.[151,1436,1806,2011]" box="[151,916,1806,1831]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FF7D763B0668F8D7" bold="true" box="[151,273,1807,1831]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549898B70A29FFA8FF7D763B07A9F8D7" box="[151,208,1807,1831]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
host:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FEF1763A0508F8D6" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[283,625,1806,1830]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FEF1763A0688F8D6" box="[283,497,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clarias anguillaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FD95763A0468F8D6" box="[639,785,1806,1830]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Siluriformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FCF6763A04F1F8D6" box="[796,904,1806,1830]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Clariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A29FFA8FF2D7606079AF89E" blockId="15.[151,1436,1806,2011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FF2D760606ACF8BB" bold="true" box="[199,469,1842,1867]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Other definitive hosts:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FE3476070448F8BA" authority="Burchell" authorityName="Burchell" box="[478,817,1842,1867]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FE34760705CAF8BB" box="[478,691,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clarias gariepinus</emphasis>
|
||
(Burchell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FCD4760703E3F8BA" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[830,1178,1842,1867]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FCD476070365F8BB" box="[830,1052,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clarias liocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A29FFA8FB4D7607079AF89E" authority="Boulenger." authorityName="Boulenger." class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FB4D76070222F8BB" box="[1191,1371,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clarias werneri</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A29FFB7FF23764E06EFFE94" blockId="15.[151,1436,1806,2011]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A29FFA8FF23764E063DF863" bold="true" box="[201,324,1914,1939]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Life cycle:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A29FFA8FEA6764E0515F862" author="Khalil, L. F. & Thurston, J. P." box="[332,620,1914,1938]" firstAuthor="Khalil" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="209 - 248" part="87" refId="ref24747" refString="Khalil, L. F. & Thurston, J. P. (1973) Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Uganda including the descriptions of two new species of digeneans. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 87, 209 - 248." title="Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Uganda including the descriptions of two new species of digeneans" type="journal article" year="1973">Khalil & Thurston (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed hatching of eggs in 10 minutes after their transfer to tap water. Liberated coracidia had embryophore 36–42 μm long by 30–35 μm wide, cilia 18 μm long and embryonic hooks 1 μm in length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A29FFA8FED276F606CCF82A" accessDate="2011-09-01" author="Diab, A. S." box="[312,437,1986,2010]" firstAuthor="Diab" journalOrPublisher="Available from" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="112 - 172" publicationUrl="http://www.iczmportsaid.uniss.it/images/stories/documents/Action_7_Fishery_vol2.pdf" refId="ref23185" refString="Diab, A. S. (2007) Action 7: The execution of specific assessments in the coastal areas of Port Said: fishery. Final report - Volume II. Fish diseases and zoonotics. In: The European Union's short and medium-term priority environmental. Action programme (SMAP) " Plan of Action for an Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the area of Port Said (Egypt) " Contract No. MED / 2005 / 112 - 172. Available from http: // www. iczmportsaid. uniss. it / images / stories / documents / Action _ 7 _ Fishery _ vol 2. pdf (accessed 1 September 2011)." title="Action 7: The execution of specific assessments in the coastal areas of Port Said: fishery. Final report - Volume II. Fish diseases and zoonotics" type="journal article" volumeTitle="The European Union's short and medium-term priority environmental. Action programme (SMAP) " Plan of Action for an Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the area of Port Said (Egypt)" year="2007">Diab 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Freshwater copepods serve as the first intermediate hosts, in which procercoids developed within 20–26 days. Developed procercoids (252–610 μm long) were infective for small fish, such as tilapias (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A36FFB7FF4A718806E5FF24" box="[160,412,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Oreochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niloticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FF4A718806E5FF24" box="[160,412,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Oreochromis niloticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Experimentally infected tilapias were exposed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A36FFB7FC19718903F7FF24" box="[1011,1166,189,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FC197189037FFF24" box="[1011,1030,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FBFC718903F7FF24" box="[1046,1166,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">gariepinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which adult worms were found (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A36FFB7FECC71EB06D9FF07" accessDate="2011-09-01" author="Diab, A. S." box="[294,416,223,247]" firstAuthor="Diab" journalOrPublisher="Available from" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="112 - 172" publicationUrl="http://www.iczmportsaid.uniss.it/images/stories/documents/Action_7_Fishery_vol2.pdf" refId="ref23185" refString="Diab, A. S. (2007) Action 7: The execution of specific assessments in the coastal areas of Port Said: fishery. Final report - Volume II. Fish diseases and zoonotics. In: The European Union's short and medium-term priority environmental. Action programme (SMAP) " Plan of Action for an Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the area of Port Said (Egypt) " Contract No. MED / 2005 / 112 - 172. Available from http: // www. iczmportsaid. uniss. it / images / stories / documents / Action _ 7 _ Fishery _ vol 2. pdf (accessed 1 September 2011)." title="Action 7: The execution of specific assessments in the coastal areas of Port Said: fishery. Final report - Volume II. Fish diseases and zoonotics" type="journal article" volumeTitle="The European Union's short and medium-term priority environmental. Action programme (SMAP) " Plan of Action for an Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the area of Port Said (Egypt)" year="2007">Diab 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A36FFB7FE4771EB0522FF07" author="Ramadan, R. A. M." box="[429,603,223,247]" firstAuthor="Ramadan" journalOrPublisher="Parassitologia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="355" part="49" refId="ref26073" refString="Ramadan, R. A. M. (2007) On the biology of Polyonchobothrium clarias parasitizing cultured Clarias gariepinus, with special emphasis on parasite-induced host behavioral changes. In: 7 th International Symposium on Fish Parasites. Viterbo, Italy. Parassitologia, 49, Suppl. 2, 355." title="On the biology of Polyonchobothrium clarias parasitizing cultured Clarias gariepinus, with special emphasis on parasite-induced host behavioral changes" type="proceedings" volumeTitle="7 th International Symposium on Fish Parasites. Viterbo, Italy" year="2007">Ramadan 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Small fish that harbour immature cestodes in natural conditions, such as schilbeid and mochokid catfish (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A36FFB7FDE17030058CFEEC" box="[523,757,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Schilbeidae" genus="Schilbe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uranoscopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FDE17030058CFEEC" box="[523,757,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Schilbe uranoscopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A36FFB7FCEE7030035FFEEC" box="[772,1062,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="membranacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FCEE7030035FFEEC" box="[772,1062,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Synodontis membranacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A36FFB7FB8A7031027EFEEC" box="[1120,1287,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zambezensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FB8A70310317FEEC" box="[1120,1134,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FB977030027EFEEC" box="[1149,1287,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">zambezensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and tilapias (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A36FFB7FF4A701C06E0FEB0" box="[160,409,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Oreochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niloticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FF4A701C06E0FEB0" box="[160,409,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Oreochromis niloticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A36FFB7FE4D701C05D4FEB0" box="[423,685,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Sarotherodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galilaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FE4D701C05D4FEB0" box="[423,685,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sarotherodon galilaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A36FFB7FD2E70130409FECF" author="Douellou, L." box="[708,880,295,319]" firstAuthor="Douellou" journalOrPublisher="University of Zimbabwe Lake Kariba Research Station Bulletin" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1" part="92" refId="ref23306" refString="Douellou, L. (1992) A survey of fish parasites in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe (1989 - 1992). Final report. University of Zimbabwe Lake Kariba Research Station Bulletin, 1 / 92, 1 - 71." title="A survey of fish parasites in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe (1989 - 1992). Final report" type="journal article" year="1992">Douellou 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A36FFB7FC9670130367FECF" author="Owolabi, O. D." box="[892,1054,295,319]" firstAuthor="Owolabi" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Zoological Research" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="181 - 188" part="4" refId="ref25784" refString="Owolabi, O. D. (2008) Endoparasitic helminths of the upside-down catfish, Synodontis membranaceus (Geoffroy Saint Hilarie) in Jebba Lake, Nigeria. International Journal of Zoological Research, 4, 181 - 188." title="Endoparasitic helminths of the upside-down catfish, Synodontis membranaceus (Geoffroy Saint Hilarie) in Jebba Lake, Nigeria" type="journal article" year="2008">Owolabi 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A36FFB7FBC070130388FECF" author="Eissa, I. A. M. & Gado, M. S. & Iaila, A. M. & Mona, S. Z. & Noor El-Deen, A. E." box="[1066,1265,295,320]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Eissa" journalOrPublisher="Journal of American Science" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="722 - 728" part="7" refId="ref23475" refString="Eissa, I. A. M., Gado, M. S., Iaila, A. M., Mona, S. Z. & Noor El-Deen, A. E. (2011 a) Field studies on prevailing internal parasitic diseases in male and hybrid tilapia relation to monosex tilapia at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate fish farms. Journal of American Science, 7, 722 - 728." title="Field studies on prevailing internal parasitic diseases in male and hybrid tilapia relation to monosex tilapia at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate fish farms" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Eissa
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FB86701D03DDFEB0" box="[1132,1188,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A36FFB7FB1670130275FECF" author="Eissa, I. A. M. & Mona, S. Z. & Noor El-Deen, A. E. & Ibrahim, A. Z. & Osman, K. A. H." box="[1276,1292,295,319]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of American Science" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="650 - 660" part="7" refId="ref23550" refString="Eissa, I. A. M., Mona, S. Z., Noor El-Deen, A. E., Ibrahim, A. Z. & Osman, K. A. H. (2011 b) Field study on cadmium in relation to internal parasitic diseases in cultured Nile tilapia at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. Journal of American Science, 7, 650 - 660." title="Field study on cadmium in relation to internal parasitic diseases in cultured Nile tilapia at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate" type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), may play a role of paratenic hosts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C769D0A36FFB7FF7D764B07B5F802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A36FFB7FF7D764B07B5F802" blockId="16.[151,1436,1919,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FF7D764B0636F865" bold="true" box="[151,335,1919,1942]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURES 41–48</emphasis>
|
||
. Line drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A36FFB7FDF076B504F0F866" authority="Wedl, 1861" authorityName="Wedl" authorityYear="1861" box="[538,905,1920,1942]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FDF076B50470F866" box="[538,777,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tetracampos ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A36FFB7FCF876B404F0F866" author="Wedl, K." box="[786,905,1920,1942]" firstAuthor="Wedl" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="463 - 482" part="44" refId="ref27652" refString="Wedl, K. (1861) Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 44, 463 - 482." title="Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda" type="journal article" year="1861">Wedl, 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A36FFB7FC5876B4030FF866" box="[946,1142,1920,1942]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FC5876B4030FF866" box="[946,1142,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Clarias anguillaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Sudan (IPCAS C-466).
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FF3376AB078BF844" bold="true" box="[217,242,1951,1972]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">41</emphasis>
|
||
, Complete worm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FE5A76AB06B0F844" bold="true" box="[432,457,1951,1972]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">42</emphasis>
|
||
, Scolex, dorsoventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FD0076AB047AF844" bold="true" box="[746,771,1951,1972]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">43</emphasis>
|
||
, Complete circle of hooks.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FBF476AB034EF844" bold="true" box="[1054,1079,1951,1972]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">44</emphasis>
|
||
, Gravid segment, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FA9676AB02ECF844" bold="true" box="[1404,1429,1951,1972]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">45</emphasis>
|
||
, Detail of hooks.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FEAC76890626F822" bold="true" box="[326,351,1981,2002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">46</emphasis>
|
||
, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FC4D768904B9F822" bold="true" box="[935,960,1981,2002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">47</emphasis>
|
||
, Egg.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A36FFB7FBED76890359F822" bold="true" box="[1031,1056,1981,2002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">48</emphasis>
|
||
, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C339759E0A37FFB6FF2371AC0547FF5F" box="[201,574,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A37FFB6FF2371AC0547FF5F" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,716]" box="[201,574,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FF2371AC0610FF40" bold="true" box="[201,361,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549898B70A37FFB6FF2371AC067BFF40" box="[201,258,152,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FE9871AC06C1FF40" box="[370,440,152,176]" name="Egypt" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Nile River.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C339759E0A37FFB6FF23718F05BEFE04" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A37FFB6FF23718F0383FE94" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FF23718F061DFF24" bold="true" box="[201,356,187,212]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Lower
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FE5671880574FF24" box="[444,525,188,212]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FDC071880501FF24" box="[554,632,188,212]" name="Gabon" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FD6E718805A4FF24" box="[644,733,188,212]" name="Gambia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
basin –
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FCD6718804E1FF24" box="[828,920,188,212]" name="Senegal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Turkana basin –
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FB8A718903D0FF25" box="[1120,1193,189,213]" name="Kenya" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(all parts of the Lake Turkana); Limpopo basin –
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FE3B71EB051CFF07" box="[465,613,223,247]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Upper
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FD5471EB0476FF07" box="[702,783,223,247]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FCC671EB04C5FF07" box="[812,956,223,247]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Moa River);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FBB471EB03E7FF07" box="[1118,1182,223,247]" name="Niger" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
basin –
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FB1771EB024CFF07" box="[1277,1333,223,247]" name="Serbia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FAAA71EB02E1FF07" box="[1344,1432,223,247]" name="Nigeria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Nile basin –
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FEC57031060CFEED" box="[303,373,261,285]" name="Egypt" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FE697030069CFEEC" box="[387,485,260,284]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FE1970300510FEEC" box="[499,617,260,284]" name="Sudan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">the Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FD9D703005A6FEEC" box="[631,735,260,284]" name="Tanzania" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FD0770300431FEEC" box="[749,840,260,284]" name="Uganda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Volta basin –
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FC127030033CFEEC" box="[1016,1093,260,284]" name="Ghana" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Zambezi basin –
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FAF7703002E1FEEC" box="[1309,1432,260,284]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FF7D70130789FECF" box="[151,240,295,319]" name="Malawi" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Besides Africa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A37FFB6FE58701D0544FEB0" box="[434,573,296,320]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FE58701D06C6FEB0" box="[434,447,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FE25701C0544FEB0" box="[463,573,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported also from Asia –
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FC3470130365FECF" box="[990,1052,295,319]" name="Israel" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FBBF701303DFFECF" box="[1109,1190,295,319]" name="Turkey" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
, probably as a consequence of introduction with host – see Remarks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A37FFB6FD5170780423FE94" author="Paperna, I." box="[699,858,332,356]" firstAuthor="Paperna" journalOrPublisher="Bamidgeh" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="3 - 66" part="16" refId="ref25825" refString="Paperna, I. (1964) The metazoan parasite fauna of Israel inland water fishes. Bamidgeh, 16, 3 - 66." title="The metazoan parasite fauna of Israel inland water fishes" type="journal article" year="1964">Paperna 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A37FFB6FC8F70780330FE94" author="Soylu, E. & Emre, Y." box="[869,1097,332,356]" firstAuthor="Soylu" journalOrPublisher="Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="113 - 117" part="5" refId="ref27095" refString="Soylu, E. & Emre, Y. (2005) Metazoan parasites of Clarias lazera Valenciennes, 1840 and Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) from Kepez I hydro electric power plant loading pond, Antalya, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 5, 113 - 117." title="Metazoan parasites of Clarias lazera Valenciennes, 1840 and Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) from Kepez I hydro electric power plant loading pond, Antalya, Turkey" type="journal article" year="2005">Soylu & Emre 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A37FFB6FF23704405BEFE04" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FF23704405E9FE78" bold="true" box="[201,656,367,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prevalence and intensity of infection:</emphasis>
|
||
Usually high, with values between 52% and 100% in most studies from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FF3F70A10662FE5D" box="[213,283,405,429]" name="Egypt" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FECD70A00602FE5C" box="[295,379,404,428]" name="Nigeria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FE5E70A0053FFE5C" box="[436,582,404,428]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A37FFB6FDBF70A004D9FE5C" author="Aderounmu, E. A. & Adeniyi, F." box="[597,928,404,428]" firstAuthor="Aderounmu" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="151 - 156" part="2" refId="ref21763" refString="Aderounmu, E. A. & Adeniyi, F. (1972) Cestodes in fish from a pond at Ile-Ife, Nigeria. African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries, 2, 151 - 156." title="Cestodes in fish from a pond at Ile-Ife, Nigeria" type="journal article" year="1972">Aderounmu & Adeniyi 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A37FFB6FC4770A00338FE5C" author="Shotter, R. A." box="[941,1089,404,428]" firstAuthor="Shotter" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Serie A Sciences Naturelles" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="836 - 859" part="42" refId="ref26952" refString="Shotter, R. A. (1980) Aspects of the parasitology of the catfish Clarias anguillaris (L.) from a river and a lake at Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Serie A Sciences Naturelles, 42, 836 - 859." title="Aspects of the parasitology of the catfish Clarias anguillaris (L.) from a river and a lake at Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria" type="journal article" year="1980">Shotter 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A37FFB6FBA470A0026CFE5C" author="Faisal, M. & Heikal, F. & Shalaby, S. I." box="[1102,1301,404,428]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Faisal" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Zoologie" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="177 - 188" part="76" refId="ref23882" refString="Faisal, M., Heikal, F. & Shalaby, S. I. (1989) Helminthic parasites of the African catfish Clarias lazera (C & V) in lower Egypt: Polyonchobothrium clarias Woodland. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Zoologie, 76, 177 - 188." title="Helminthic parasites of the African catfish Clarias lazera (C & V) in lower Egypt: Polyonchobothrium clarias Woodland" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Faisal
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FB7370A103B3FE5C" box="[1177,1226,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A37FFB6FAC870A0078CFE3F" author="Anosike, J. C. & Omoregie, E. & Ofojekwu, P. C. & Nweke, I. E." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Anosike" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Aquatic Sciences" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="39 - 43" part="7" refId="ref21930" refString="Anosike, J. C., Omoregie, E., Ofojekwu, P. C. & Nweke, I. E. (1992) A survey of helminth parasites of Clarias gariepinus in Plateau State, Nigeria. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 7, 39 - 43." title="A survey of helminth parasites of Clarias gariepinus in Plateau State, Nigeria" type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Anosike
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FA6270A107D4FE20" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A37FFB6FEEB708C05F6FE3F" author="Barson, M. & Avenant-Oldewage, A." box="[257,655,439,463]" firstAuthor="Barson" journalOrPublisher="Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="101 - 110" part="73" refId="ref22302" refString="Barson, M. & Avenant-Oldewage, A. (2006) On cestode and digenean parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the Rietviel Dam, South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 73, 101 - 110." title="On cestode and digenean parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the Rietviel Dam, South Africa" type="journal article" year="2006">Barson & Avenant-Oldewage 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the present study the overall prevalence was 5–17% in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FACC708302E1FE3F" box="[1318,1432,439,463]" name="Sudan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">the Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 26% in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FF0470E80634FE04" box="[238,333,476,500]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and 33% in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FE3070E9055AFE05" box="[474,547,477,501]" name="Kenya" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A37FFB6FDD870E805CFFE04" box="[562,694,476,500]" captionStart="APPENDIX 1" captionStartId="33.[151,289,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="APPENDIX 1. List of dissected fish from Democratic Republic of the Congo (2008; CON); Ethiopia (2006; ET); Gabon (2010; GAB); Kenya (2008 –2010; KET) and the Sudan (2006, 2008 & 2009; SUD). Abbreviation: *, larvae or plerocercoids in the intestine." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C339759E0A37FFB5FF237334065FFD3C" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A37FFB6FF2373340607FDAF" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FF2373340601FDE8" bold="true" box="[201,376,511,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549898B70A37FFB6FF237334067DFDE8" box="[201,260,512,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Not known to exist. To enable taxonomic comparative studies in the future, the specimen from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A37FFB6FF7D73100792FDCC" box="[151,235,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FF7D73100792FDCC" box="[151,235,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A37FFB6FEBE73100607FDAF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301301" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" typeStatus="neotype">
|
||
Blue Nile, Sennar Dam,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A37FFB6FD8F731005ADFDCC" box="[613,724,548,572]" name="Sudan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">the Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(field No. Sud 438) is designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="549898B70A37FFB6FB84731103BEFDCD" box="[1134,1223,549,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and is deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A37FFB6FF7D7373079FFDAF" box="[151,230,583,607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">IPCAS</collectionCode>
|
||
(No. C-466).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A37FFB5FF23735F065FFD3C" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,716]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,151,1904]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FF23735F06DBFD74" bold="true" box="[201,418,619,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material studied:</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="549898B70A37FFB6FE5973590693FD75" box="[435,490,621,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A37FFB6FD8473580618FD57" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301319" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A37FFB6FD8473580334FD74" authority="Woodland, 1925" authorityName="Woodland" authorityYear="1925" box="[622,1101,620,644]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Clestobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FD8473580402FD74" box="[622,891,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clestobothrium clarias</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A37FFB6FC6173580334FD74" author="Woodland, W. N. F." box="[907,1101,620,644]" firstAuthor="Woodland" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="158 - 189" part="19" refId="ref27711" refString="Woodland, W. N. F. (1925) Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 as a genus of the Bothriocephalidae. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 19, 158 - 189." title="Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 as a genus of the Bothriocephalidae" type="journal article" year="1925">Woodland, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A37FFB6FB6373590257FD74" box="[1161,1326,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FB63735903E5FD74" box="[1161,1180,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FB5973580257FD74" box="[1203,1326,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">anguillaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A37FFB6FAAC735802E5FD74" box="[1350,1436,620,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1965.2.24.29–35)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A37FFB6FE9A73A402E1FD57" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301312" box="[368,1432,655,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A37FFB6FE9A73A40415FD57" authority="Meggitt, 1930" authorityName="Meggitt" authorityYear="1930" box="[368,876,655,680]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fulgidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FE9A73A405C7FD58" box="[368,702,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Polyonchobothrium fulgidum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A37FFB6FD2373BB0415FD57" author="Meggitt, F. J." box="[713,876,655,679]" firstAuthor="Meggitt" journalOrPublisher="Parasitology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="338 - 345" part="22" refId="ref25386" refString="Meggitt, F. J. (1930) Report on a collection of cestodes mainly from Egypt. IV. Conclusion. Parasitology, 22, 338 - 345." title="Report on a collection of cestodes mainly from Egypt. IV. Conclusion" type="journal article" year="1930">Meggitt, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A37FFB6FC7773A40344FD58" box="[925,1085,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FC7773A404C9FD57" box="[925,944,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FC2873A40344FD58" box="[962,1085,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">anguillaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A37FFB6FBBB73BB03DEFD57" box="[1105,1191,655,679]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1932.5.31.801–806)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A37FFB6FF7D738004EBFD3C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301308" box="[151,914,692,716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FF7D738005CBFD3C" box="[151,690,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A37FFB6FF7D73800680FD3C" box="[151,505,692,716]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="interruptus">Polyonchobothrium interruptus</taxonomicName>
|
||
– nomen nudum
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A37FFB6FD2B73800464FD3C" box="[705,797,692,716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ppqr-es1r" name="United States National Parasite Collection" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USNPC</collectionCode>
|
||
74291–2)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A37FFB5FC7473800535FF5F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301303" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
vouchers:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A37FFB6FBF8738103BFFD3C" box="[1042,1222,692,716]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cylindraceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FBF873810359FD3C" box="[1042,1056,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FBC4738003BFFD3C" box="[1070,1222,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">cylindraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A37FFB6FB05738102F3FD3C" box="[1263,1418,692,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FB057381027BFD3C" box="[1263,1282,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FAE5738002F3FD3C" box="[1295,1418,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">anguillaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FF3271A30669FF5F" box="[216,272,151,175]" name="Serbia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Diafarabe (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FE7571A3057FFF5F" box="[415,518,151,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">MNHNP</collectionCode>
|
||
C79)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FDB171AD0210FF5F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301311" box="[603,1385,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FDB171AD05B0FF40" box="[603,713,152,176]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Clestobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FDB171AD0510FF40" box="[603,617,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FD9171AC05B0FF40" box="[635,713,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">clarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FD1371AC04E1FF40" box="[761,920,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FD1371AC0475FF5F" box="[761,780,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FCF771AC04E1FF40" box="[797,920,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">anguillaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FC0E71A30346FF5F" box="[996,1087,151,175]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Guerina (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FB5071A30277FF5F" box="[1210,1294,151,175]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ee3x-fpgk" name="Royal Museum for Central Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">RMCA</collectionCode>
|
||
34773)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FF7D71880545FF24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301306" box="[151,572,188,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FF7D71880799FF24" box="[151,224,188,212]" name="Ghana" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FF1E71880633FF24" box="[244,330,188,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1976.4.12.155–161)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FDA6718906A4FF07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301317" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FD9871890469FF24" box="[626,784,189,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FD98718905FCFF24" box="[626,645,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FD7271890469FF24" box="[664,784,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">gariepinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FCB5718804CFFF24" box="[863,950,188,212]" name="Nigeria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Lekki Lagoon and Kainji Dam (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FAAC718802E5FF24" box="[1350,1436,188,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
2004.2.18.38, 1970.8.24.37)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FE0771EB03B8FF07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301307" box="[493,1217,223,247]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Tanzania" location="Mwanza Gulf" municipality="Lake Victoria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="MHNG 33983" specimenCount="1">
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FDC571EB05EEFF07" box="[559,663,223,247]" name="Tanzania" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8BC6F0A34FFB5FD4D71EB0431FF07" box="[679,840,223,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Lake Victoria</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFC70CE0A34FFB5FCB271D40481FF07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A97030A29FFB4FF7D7731069DF984:8EFC70CE0A34FFB5FCB271D40481FF07" box="[856,1016,223,247]" country="Tanzania" municipality="Lake Victoria" name="Mwanza Gulf" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mwanza Gulf</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB858E6E0A34FFB5FBE171EB03C0FF07" box="[1035,1209,223,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">MHNG 33983</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FB3B71EB05DFFEEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301302" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FB3B71EB0235FF07" box="[1233,1356,223,247]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Save-Runde River Floodplain (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FE2E70300563FEEC" box="[452,538,260,284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
2006.9.1.6)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FD02703003C9FEEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301322" box="[744,1200,260,284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FD0270300404FEEC" box="[744,893,260,284]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FC7B7030049EFEEC" box="[913,999,260,284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1965.2.24.59–6)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FB2A703105AFFECF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301323" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FB0D7030067EFEB0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Heterobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FB0D7030067EFEB0" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Heterobranchus bidorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FEBB701306D5FECF" box="[337,428,295,319]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Guerina (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FDCF70130500FECF" box="[549,633,295,319]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ee3x-fpgk" name="Royal Museum for Central Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">RMCA</collectionCode>
|
||
34723)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FD0E701C06B8FE94" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301314" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FCE2701C048AFEB0" box="[776,1011,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Schilbeidae" genus="Schilbe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uranoscopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FCE2701C048AFEB0" box="[776,1011,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Schilbe uranoscopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from unknown locality, collected by McClelland (RVC C1108)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FE2470790609FE77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301309" collectingDate="2001-04-17" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="A. de Chambrier" country="Egypt" location="Luxor" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="MHNG 31547" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FE2470790521FE94" box="[462,600,332,356]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FE24707906A2FE94" box="[462,475,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FE0070780521FE94" box="[490,600,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FD68707805AFFE94" box="[642,726,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FD68707805AFFE94" box="[642,726,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Clarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FCAE707904F3FE95" box="[836,906,333,357]" name="Egypt" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFC70CE0A34FFB5FC7C707904A5FE94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A97030A29FFB4FF7D7731069DF984:8EFC70CE0A34FFB5FC7C707904A5FE94" box="[918,988,333,356]" country="Egypt" name="Luxor" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Luxor</location>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26D643C30A34FFB5FB927078024CFE94" box="[1144,1333,332,356]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. de Chambrier</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB858E6E0A34FFB5FAAE70780799FE77" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">MHNG 31547</specimenCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="FF9D00D50A34FFB5FF07705B061FFE77" box="[237,358,367,391]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2001-04-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD9F93D0A34FFB5FF07705B061FFE77" box="[237,358,367,391]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2001-04-17">17.iv.2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FE96704406D7FE5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301310" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FE7570440540FE78" box="[415,569,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FE75704406CBFE77" box="[415,434,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FE2B70450540FE78" box="[449,569,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">gariepinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FD95705B046DFE77" box="[639,788,367,391]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Rietvlei Dam, collected by M. Barson and from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FAAC705B02EEFE77" box="[1350,1431,367,391]" name="Turkey" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Antalya (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FF1470A00636FE5C" box="[254,335,404,428]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">IPCAS</collectionCode>
|
||
C–466)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; new material:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FDB070A10786FE3F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301305" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
tens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FD4670A1044FFE5C" box="[684,822,404,428]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FD4670A105C0FE5C" box="[684,697,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FD2270A0044FFE5C" box="[712,822,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex 2/18
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FC7270A1034AFE5C" box="[920,1075,404,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FC7270A104D2FE5C" box="[920,939,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FC5270A0034AFE5C" box="[952,1075,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">anguillaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FB9270A00393FE5C" box="[1144,1258,404,428]" name="Sudan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">the Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Kostí and Sennar Dam;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FEED70830523FE04" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301313" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
12 worms ex 3/23
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FE3D708C050AFE20" box="[471,627,440,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FE3D708C0693FE3F" box="[471,490,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FE12708C050AFE20" box="[504,627,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">anguillaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FD5D7083046BFE3F" box="[695,786,439,463]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Niokolo-Koba National Park,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FB85708303B1FE3F" box="[1135,1224,439,463]" name="Gambia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
River collected by B. Koubková (2004; Sen 52, 53, 121)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FD8070E80695FDE7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301320" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
84/322
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FD2970E90419FE04" box="[707,864,477,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FD2970E905AFFE04" box="[707,726,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FD0270E90419FE04" box="[744,864,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">gariepinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FC4470E80369FE04" box="[942,1040,476,500]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Lake Tana and Great Rift Lakes (Awasa, Langano and Ziway)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FE1370CB0367FDE7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301316" box="[505,1054,511,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
14/43
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FDA8733405A7FDE8" box="[578,734,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FDA87334052CFDE7" box="[578,597,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FD8C733505A7FDE8" box="[614,734,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">gariepinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FCCD7334040AFDE8" box="[807,883,512,536]" name="Kenya" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Lake Turkana
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FBB070CB0437FDCC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301315" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
5/30
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FB7F73340249FDE8" box="[1173,1328,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FB7F733403D1FDE7" box="[1173,1192,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FB5273350249FDE8" box="[1208,1328,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">gariepinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FA9070CB0799FDCC" name="Sudan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">the Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Al Kawa, Khartoum, Er Roseires Dam, Sennar Dam
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B2C480A34FFB5FCB6731007C9FD74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3744301321" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
4/88
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FC7273100495FDCC" box="[920,1004,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FC7273100495FDCC" box="[920,1004,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Clarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FBB5731003ADFDCC" box="[1119,1236,548,572]" name="Sudan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">the Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Khartoum, Lake
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FF7D737307A2FDAF" box="[151,219,583,607]" name="Sudan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nubia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Asuan Dam), Sennar Dam; one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FDB3737C058AFD90" box="[601,755,584,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FDB3737C0515FDAF" box="[601,620,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FD91737D058AFD90" box="[635,755,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">gariepinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lake
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FC93737304A8FDAF" box="[889,977,583,607]" name="Malawi" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by S. Hendrix (SSH96-09-M-1)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. The new material is deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FDD7735905E8FD74" box="[573,657,621,644]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(Nos. 2012.3.20.16–25),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FC5D7358037FFD74" box="[951,1030,620,644]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">IPCAS</collectionCode>
|
||
(No. C-466),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FB4073580279FD74" box="[1194,1280,620,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
(Nos. 55309, 55337, 55338, 62879, 62904, 63006–63328),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FD4273BB047BFD57" box="[680,770,655,679]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ppqr-es1r" name="United States National Parasite Collection" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USNPC</collectionCode>
|
||
(Nos. 105395–105400, 105404–105408) and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32BED00A34FFB5FAF273A4022DFD57" box="[1304,1364,656,679]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
(Nos. 7517–7523).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C769D0A37FFB6FF7D764004F3F816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280999/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[151,1436,772,1877]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A37FFB6FF7D764004F3F816" blockId="17.[151,1436,1908,2022]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FF7D76400636F87A" bold="true" box="[151,335,1908,1931]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURES 49–52</emphasis>
|
||
. Photomicrographs of histological sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A37FFB6FCDE764203D8F87A" authority="Wedl, 1861" authorityName="Wedl" authorityYear="1861" box="[820,1185,1908,1931]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FCDE7642035BF87B" box="[820,1058,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tetracampos ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A37FFB6FBC1764003D8F87A" author="Wedl, K." box="[1067,1185,1908,1930]" firstAuthor="Wedl" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="463 - 482" part="44" refId="ref27652" refString="Wedl, K. (1861) Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 44, 463 - 482." title="Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda" type="journal article" year="1861">Wedl, 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the intestinal wall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A37FFB6FF7D76A7062FF859" box="[151,342,1939,1961]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FF7D76A7062FF859" box="[151,342,1939,1961]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clarias gariepinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Ethiopia (IPCAS C-466).
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FD7776A705CFF858" bold="true" box="[669,694,1939,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">49</emphasis>
|
||
, Cross-section of the intestinal wall at the level of the scolex.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FAD976A70235F858" bold="true" box="[1331,1356,1939,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">50</emphasis>
|
||
, Crosssection of the intestinal wall with several parts of the worm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FCE576860451F837" bold="true" box="[783,808,1970,1991]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">51</emphasis>
|
||
, Detail of apical part of the scolex in the intestinal wall.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A37FFB6FA96768602ECF837" bold="true" box="[1404,1429,1970,1991]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">52</emphasis>
|
||
, Detail of the parasite and host surface. * indicates the body of the parasite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C339759E0A34FFB5FF2373E304EEFC1C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A34FFB5FF2373E304EEFC1C" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FF2373E306D5FD00" bold="true" box="[201,428,727,752]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Published records:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FE5C73E30531FD1F" author="Wedl, K." box="[438,584,727,751]" firstAuthor="Wedl" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="463 - 482" part="44" refId="ref27652" refString="Wedl, K. (1861) Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 44, 463 - 482." title="Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda" type="journal article" year="1861">Wedl (1861)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FDBD73E30458FD1F" author="Woodland, W. N. F." box="[599,801,727,751]" firstAuthor="Woodland" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="158 - 189" part="19" refId="ref27711" refString="Woodland, W. N. F. (1925) Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 as a genus of the Bothriocephalidae. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 19, 158 - 189." title="Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 as a genus of the Bothriocephalidae" type="journal article" year="1925">Woodland (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FCC573E304AFFD1F" author="Janicki, C." bookContentInfo="66 pp." box="[815,982,727,751]" editor="L. A. Jagerskiold" firstAuthor="Janicki" journalOrPublisher="The Library of the Royal University of Uppsala" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref24350" refString="Janicki, C. (1926) Cestodes s. str. aus Fischen u. Amphibien. In: L. A. Jagerskiold (Ed.), Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile 1901. Part V. The Library of the Royal University of Uppsala, 66 pp." title="Cestodes s. str. aus Fischen u. Amphibien" type="book" volumeTitle="Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile 1901. Part V" year="1926">Janicki (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FC0F73E303ECFD1F" author="Meggitt, F. J." box="[997,1173,727,751]" firstAuthor="Meggitt" journalOrPublisher="Parasitology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="338 - 345" part="22" refId="ref25386" refString="Meggitt, F. J. (1930) Report on a collection of cestodes mainly from Egypt. IV. Conclusion. Parasitology, 22, 338 - 345." title="Report on a collection of cestodes mainly from Egypt. IV. Conclusion" type="journal article" year="1930">Meggitt (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FB4E73E3023EFD1F" author="Tadros, G." box="[1188,1351,727,751]" firstAuthor="Tadros" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Veterinary Science of the United Arab Republic" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="53 - 84" part="5" refId="ref27384" refString="Tadros, G. (1968) A re-description of Polyonchobothrium clarias (Woodland, 1925) Meggitt, 1930 (Bothriocephalidae: Cestode) with a brief review of the genus Polyonchobothrium Diesing, 1854 and the identity of the genera Tetracampos Wedl, 1861, Senga Dollfus, 1935, and Oncobothriocephalus Yamaguti, 1959. Journal of Veterinary Science of the United Arab Republic, 5, 53 - 84." title="A re-description of Polyonchobothrium clarias (Woodland, 1925) Meggitt, 1930 (Bothriocephalidae: Cestode) with a brief review of the genus Polyonchobothrium Diesing, 1854 and the identity of the genera Tetracampos Wedl, 1861, Senga Dollfus, 1935, and Oncobothriocephalus Yamaguti, 1959" type="journal article" year="1968">Tadros (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FABC73E307A2FCE4" author="Khalil, L. F." firstAuthor="Khalil" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="143 - 170" part="158" refId="ref24560" refString="Khalil, L. F. (1969) Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of the Sudan. Journal of Zoology, 158, 143 - 170." title="Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of the Sudan" type="journal article" year="1969">Khalil (1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FF0C73C8065BFCE4" author="Khalil, L. F." box="[230,290,764,788]" firstAuthor="Khalil" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="795 - 807" part="87" refId="ref24671" refString="Khalil, L. F. (1973) Some helminth parasites from African freshwater fishes with the description of two new species. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 87, 795 - 807." title="Some helminth parasites from African freshwater fishes with the description of two new species" type="journal article" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FEDF73C805F2FCE4" author="Aderounmu, E. A. & Adeniyi, F." box="[309,651,764,788]" firstAuthor="Aderounmu" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="151 - 156" part="2" refId="ref21763" refString="Aderounmu, E. A. & Adeniyi, F. (1972) Cestodes in fish from a pond at Ile-Ife, Nigeria. African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries, 2, 151 - 156." title="Cestodes in fish from a pond at Ile-Ife, Nigeria" type="journal article" year="1972">Aderounmu & Adeniyi (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FD7D73C804C0FCE4" author="Khalil, L. F. & Thurston, J. P." box="[663,953,764,788]" firstAuthor="Khalil" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="209 - 248" part="87" refId="ref24747" refString="Khalil, L. F. & Thurston, J. P. (1973) Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Uganda including the descriptions of two new species of digeneans. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 87, 209 - 248." title="Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Uganda including the descriptions of two new species of digeneans" type="journal article" year="1973">Khalil & Thurston (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FC2973C8032EFCE4" author="Amin, O. M." box="[963,1111,764,788]" firstAuthor="Amin" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Parasitology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="93 - 101" part="64" refId="ref21878" refString="Amin, O. M. (1978) Intestinal helminths of some Nile fishes near Cairo, Egypt with descriptions of Camallanus kirandensis Baylis, 1928 (Nematoda) and Bothriocephalus aegyptiacus Rysavy and Moravec, 1975 (Cestoda). Journal of Parasitology, 64, 93 - 101." title="Intestinal helminths of some Nile fishes near Cairo, Egypt with descriptions of Camallanus kirandensis Baylis, 1928 (Nematoda) and Bothriocephalus aegyptiacus Rysavy and Moravec, 1975 (Cestoda)" type="journal article" year="1978">Amin (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FB8873C80246FCE4" author="Tadros, G. & Iskander, A. R. & Wassef, N. A." box="[1122,1343,764,788]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tadros" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="143 - 157" part="9" refId="ref27458" refString="Tadros, G., Iskander, A. R. & Wassef, N. A. (1979) On an intestinal cestode and acanthocephalan from the Nile and Red Sea fishes with histopathologic study of their habitat. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 9, 143 - 157." title="On an intestinal cestode and acanthocephalan from the Nile and Red Sea fishes with histopathologic study of their habitat" type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
Tadros
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FB5F73C9039CFCE4" box="[1205,1253,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1979)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FAA173C8079DFCC7" author="Shotter, R. A." firstAuthor="Shotter" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Serie A Sciences Naturelles" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="836 - 859" part="42" refId="ref26952" refString="Shotter, R. A. (1980) Aspects of the parasitology of the catfish Clarias anguillaris (L.) from a river and a lake at Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Serie A Sciences Naturelles, 42, 836 - 859." title="Aspects of the parasitology of the catfish Clarias anguillaris (L.) from a river and a lake at Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria" type="journal article" year="1980">Shotter (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FF1B722B068FFCC7" author="Wabuke-Bunoti, M. A. N." box="[241,502,799,823]" firstAuthor="Wabuke-Bunoti" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Fish Diseases" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="223 - 230" part="3" refId="ref27606" refString="Wabuke-Bunoti, M. A. N. (1980) The prevalence and pathology of the cestode Polyonchobothrium clarias (Woodland, 1925) in the teleost, Clarias mossambicus (Peters). Journal of Fish Diseases, 3, 223 - 230." title="The prevalence and pathology of the cestode Polyonchobothrium clarias (Woodland, 1925) in the teleost, Clarias mossambicus (Peters)" type="journal article" year="1980">Wabuke-Bunoti (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FDE8722B0426FCC7" author="Onwuliri, C. O. E. & Mgbemena, M. O." box="[514,863,799,823]" firstAuthor="Onwuliri" journalOrPublisher="Nigerian Journal of Applied Fisheries and Hydrobiology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="23 - 37" part="2" refId="ref25685" refString="Onwuliri, C. O. E. & Mgbemena, M. O. (1987) The parasitic fauna of some fresh water fish from Jos Plateau, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Applied Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 2, 23 - 37." title="The parasitic fauna of some fresh water fish from Jos Plateau, Nigeria" type="journal article" year="1987">Onwuliri & Mgbemena (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FC86722B033DFCC7" author="Faisal, M. & Heikal, F. & Shalaby, S. I." box="[876,1092,799,824]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Faisal" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Zoologie" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="177 - 188" part="76" refId="ref23882" refString="Faisal, M., Heikal, F. & Shalaby, S. I. (1989) Helminthic parasites of the African catfish Clarias lazera (C & V) in lower Egypt: Polyonchobothrium clarias Woodland. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Zoologie, 76, 177 - 188." title="Helminthic parasites of the African catfish Clarias lazera (C & V) in lower Egypt: Polyonchobothrium clarias Woodland" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Faisal
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FC5C72150491FCC8" box="[950,1000,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1989)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FBBA722B02EEFCC7" author="Mashego, S. N. & Saayman, J. E." box="[1104,1431,799,823]" firstAuthor="Mashego" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Wildlife Research" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="17 - 20" part="19" refId="ref25335" refString="Mashego, S. N. & Saayman, J. E. (1989) Digenetic trematodes and cestodes of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1922) in Lebowa, South Africa, with taxonomic notes. South African Journal of Wildlife Research, 19, 17 - 20." title="Digenetic trematodes and cestodes of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1922) in Lebowa, South Africa, with taxonomic notes" type="journal article" year="1989">Mashego & Saayman (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FF7D7271069BFCAC" author="Imam, E. A. E. & El-Askalany, M. A." box="[151,482,836,860]" firstAuthor="Imam" journalOrPublisher="Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="96 - 107" part="24" refId="ref24201" refString="Imam, E. A. E. & El-Askalany, M. A. (1990) An approach to helminth parasites of catfish (Clarias lazera) in Beni-Suef Governate. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 24, 96 - 107." title="An approach to helminth parasites of catfish (Clarias lazera) in Beni-Suef Governate" type="journal article" year="1990">Imam & El-Askalany (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FE1A727105B5FCAC" author="Imam, E. A. E. & El-Askalany, M. A. & Rashad, S. M." box="[496,716,836,860]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Imam" journalOrPublisher="Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="137 - 152" part="24" refId="ref24245" refString="Imam, E. A. E., El-Askalany, M. A. & Rashad, S. M. (1991 a) Studies on helminth parasites of Synodontis schall and Bagrus bayad from Beni-Suef water resources. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 24, 137 - 152." title="Studies on helminth parasites of Synodontis schall and Bagrus bayad from Beni-Suef water resources" type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Imam
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FDD072710514FCAC" box="[570,621,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1991a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FD3072700592FCAC" author="Imam, E. A. E. & Gabr, N. S. & Rashad, S. M." box="[730,747,836,860]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="669 - 674" part="21" refId="ref24297" refString="Imam, E. A. E., Gabr, N. S. & Rashad, S. M. (1991 b) Studies on the enteric helminths infecting Clarias lazera in El-Minia Governorate Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 21, 669 - 674." title="Studies on the enteric helminths infecting Clarias lazera in El-Minia Governorate Egypt" type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C339759E0A34FFB4FF2372C30266FE3F" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A34FFB5FF2372C3027CFBA7" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A34FFB5FF2372C30600FBE0" bold="true" box="[201,377,1015,1040]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Re-description</emphasis>
|
||
(based on 25 complete worms from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FCFA72C3040BFBFF" box="[784,882,1015,1039]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FC9672CC04BCFBE0" box="[892,965,1016,1040]" name="Kenya" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A34FFB5FC1172C30316FBFF" box="[1019,1135,1015,1039]" name="Sudan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">the Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FB6B72C30228FBFF" box="[1153,1361,1015,1039]" class="Cestoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Bothriocephalidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A34FFB5FAB672C30648FBC4" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Bothriocephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Strobila small, oval or almost spherical in cross section, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB8BF00A34FFB5FBE175280325FBC4" box="[1035,1116,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; maximum width 475. External and internal segmentation present; segments wider than long, acraspedote (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FBAF750B03DBFBA7" box="[1093,1186,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[196,1400,197,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1401,195,1863]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 32. Scanning electron micrographs of the scoleces and the body surface. 23 – 27, Polyonchobothrium polypteri (Leydig, 1853) ex Polypterus bichir from Kenya (IPCAS C- 464). 23, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 24, Apical disc. 25, Surface of apical region of scolex. 26, Gravid proglottid, dorsal view. 27, Detail of operculum of egg. 28 – 32, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 28, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 29, Detail of hooks. 30, Surface of apical region of scolex. 31, Gravid proglottid, dorsoventral view. 32, Egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280996/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FB44750B0381FBA7" box="[1198,1272,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">41, 44</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A34FFB5FF2375510684FB34" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Two pairs of osmoregulatory canals; dorsal canals narrow; ventral canals wide, connected by transverse anastomoses. Inner longitudinal musculature well developed, muscle fibres diffused (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FBC275B30304FB6F" box="[1064,1149,1159,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surface of strobila covered with capilliform filitriches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A34FFB5FF2375FB05A7FA14" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Scolex elongate to ovoid, 285–510 (396 ± 62) long by 115–245 (165 ± 42) wide (n = 20) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FB5F75FB026BFB17" box="[1205,1298,1231,1255]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[196,1400,197,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1401,195,1863]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 32. Scanning electron micrographs of the scoleces and the body surface. 23 – 27, Polyonchobothrium polypteri (Leydig, 1853) ex Polypterus bichir from Kenya (IPCAS C- 464). 23, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 24, Apical disc. 25, Surface of apical region of scolex. 26, Gravid proglottid, dorsal view. 27, Detail of operculum of egg. 28 – 32, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 28, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 29, Detail of hooks. 30, Surface of apical region of scolex. 31, Gravid proglottid, dorsoventral view. 32, Egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280996/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FAF475FB0247FB17" box="[1310,1342,1231,1255]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">42</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical disc weakly developed, 104–290 (156 ± 63) wide and 35–120 (97 ± 24) high (n = 20), armed with 25–35 (29 ± 2; n = 18) small hooks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A34FFB5FE84742C0439FAC0" author="Amin, O. M." box="[366,832,1304,1329]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Parasitology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="93 - 101" part="64" refId="ref21878" refString="Amin, O. M. (1978) Intestinal helminths of some Nile fishes near Cairo, Egypt with descriptions of Camallanus kirandensis Baylis, 1928 (Nematoda) and Bothriocephalus aegyptiacus Rysavy and Moravec, 1975 (Cestoda). Journal of Parasitology, 64, 93 - 101." title="Intestinal helminths of some Nile fishes near Cairo, Egypt with descriptions of Camallanus kirandensis Baylis, 1928 (Nematoda) and Bothriocephalus aegyptiacus Rysavy and Moravec, 1975 (Cestoda)" type="journal article" year="1978">Amin 1978 reported as many as 41 hooks</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) 12–51 (37 ± 7; n = 537) long, arranged in two lateral semicircles separated from each other on dorsal and ventral side. Hooks variable in size in each semicircle, with largest hook 40–51 (46 ± 3; n = 20) in each corner of apical dic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FC9A745404B6FA88" box="[880,975,1376,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[196,1400,197,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1401,195,1863]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 32. Scanning electron micrographs of the scoleces and the body surface. 23 – 27, Polyonchobothrium polypteri (Leydig, 1853) ex Polypterus bichir from Kenya (IPCAS C- 464). 23, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 24, Apical disc. 25, Surface of apical region of scolex. 26, Gravid proglottid, dorsal view. 27, Detail of operculum of egg. 28 – 32, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 28, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 29, Detail of hooks. 30, Surface of apical region of scolex. 31, Gravid proglottid, dorsoventral view. 32, Egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280996/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FC307454035DFA88" box="[986,1060,1376,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">43, 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bothria elongate, shallow, 200– 410 (308 ± 56) long by 57–120 (79 ± 22) wide (n = 20) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FCF174B00400FA6C" box="[795,889,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[196,1400,197,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1401,195,1863]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 32. Scanning electron micrographs of the scoleces and the body surface. 23 – 27, Polyonchobothrium polypteri (Leydig, 1853) ex Polypterus bichir from Kenya (IPCAS C- 464). 23, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 24, Apical disc. 25, Surface of apical region of scolex. 26, Gravid proglottid, dorsal view. 27, Detail of operculum of egg. 28 – 32, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 28, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 29, Detail of hooks. 30, Surface of apical region of scolex. 31, Gravid proglottid, dorsoventral view. 32, Egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280996/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FC6C74B004DFFA6C" box="[902,934,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">42</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surface of scolex covered with capilliform filitriches and numerous tumuliform globular structures (diameter around 1) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FC14749C032AFA30" box="[1022,1107,1448,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[196,1400,197,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1401,195,1863]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 32. Scanning electron micrographs of the scoleces and the body surface. 23 – 27, Polyonchobothrium polypteri (Leydig, 1853) ex Polypterus bichir from Kenya (IPCAS C- 464). 23, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 24, Apical disc. 25, Surface of apical region of scolex. 26, Gravid proglottid, dorsal view. 27, Detail of operculum of egg. 28 – 32, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 28, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 29, Detail of hooks. 30, Surface of apical region of scolex. 31, Gravid proglottid, dorsoventral view. 32, Egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280996/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
). Neck absent, first segments appearing immediately posterior to scolex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FD9474F805A8FA14" box="[638,721,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A34FFB5FF2374C5048AF984" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Immature segments 80–235 (144 ± 39) long by 84–261 (167 ± 57) wide; length/width ratio 0.41–2.58: 1 (n = 38) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FF2777200658F9DC" box="[205,289,1556,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mature segments wider than long by, 90–400 (182 ± 68) long by 135–480 (255 ± 96) wide; length/ width ratio 0.3–1.0: 1 (n = 41) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FDEB770C052CF9A0" box="[513,597,1592,1616]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gravid segments wider than long, 178–488 (198 ± 69) long by 180–455 (316 ± 71) wide; length/width ratio 0.5–1.2: 1 (n = 35) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FCE37768041FF984" box="[777,870,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[196,1400,197,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1401,195,1863]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 32. Scanning electron micrographs of the scoleces and the body surface. 23 – 27, Polyonchobothrium polypteri (Leydig, 1853) ex Polypterus bichir from Kenya (IPCAS C- 464). 23, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 24, Apical disc. 25, Surface of apical region of scolex. 26, Gravid proglottid, dorsal view. 27, Detail of operculum of egg. 28 – 32, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 28, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 29, Detail of hooks. 30, Surface of apical region of scolex. 31, Gravid proglottid, dorsoventral view. 32, Egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280996/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FC987768049EF984" box="[882,999,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">41, 44, 48</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A34FFB5FF2377B507BDF880" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Testes medullary, spherical, 5–15 (10 ± 3; n = 21) in number per segment, 21–48 (33 ± 7; n = 60) in diameter, forming 2 narrow longitudinal bands (4–9 testes per band), confluent between segments, absent medially and near lateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FEA777FC06D8F910" box="[333,417,1736,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cirrus-sac large, thin-walled (thickness of sac wall up to 4), oval, 32–66 (48 ± 9) long by 28–68 (45 ± 10) wide (length/width ratio 0.77–1.73: 1) (n = 15), equatorial (39–59% of length of mature segment; n = 10) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A34FFB5FF1376240637F8D8" box="[249,334,1808,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal seminal vesicle absent; cirrus unarmed, opening into genital atrium. Vas deferens forms numerous loops lateral to cirrus-sac; internal sperm ducts strongly coiled. Genital pore dorsal, median, pre-equatorial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A35FFB4FF2371A3039CFEEC" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Ovary symmetrical, forming two spherical lobes, 31–91 (59 ± 18) long by 76–183 (113 ± 29) wide (n = 14) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A35FFB4FF757188078CFF24" box="[159,245,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vagina a straight, thin-walled tube, 6–16 (11 ± 4; n = 9) in diameter, opens posterior to cirrus-sac into genital atrium; vaginal sphincter absent. Vitelline follicles few, small, spherical, 12–40 (19 ± 8; n = 28) in diameter, medullary, distributed among testes, visible only in some mature and gravid proglottides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A35FFB4FB6E703003A1FEEC" box="[1156,1240,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A35FFB4FF2370130266FE3F" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Uterine duct winding, short, filled with eggs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A35FFB4FD0D70130447FECF" box="[743,830,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uterus thin-walled, median, spherical, enlarged in gravid segments, occupying 57–80% of segment surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A35FFB4FCC9707804D7FE94" box="[803,942,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 41, 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uterine pore thick-walled, opens in centre of uterus. Eggs widely oval to spherical, 28–72 (46 ± 9) long by 27–51 (40 ± 6) wide (n = 46), with external hyaline membrane and internal granular layer surrounding fully formed oncospheres, 17–45 (27 ± 8) long by 17–31 (23 ± 4) wide (n = 41) in terminal segments; eggs enlarging during their development in uterus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A35FFB4FB637083039EFE3F" box="[1161,1255,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[196,1400,197,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1401,195,1863]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 32. Scanning electron micrographs of the scoleces and the body surface. 23 – 27, Polyonchobothrium polypteri (Leydig, 1853) ex Polypterus bichir from Kenya (IPCAS C- 464). 23, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 24, Apical disc. 25, Surface of apical region of scolex. 26, Gravid proglottid, dorsal view. 27, Detail of operculum of egg. 28 – 32, Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 28, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 29, Detail of hooks. 30, Surface of apical region of scolex. 31, Gravid proglottid, dorsoventral view. 32, Egg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280996/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A35FFB4FB187083026BFE3F" box="[1266,1298,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 48" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,404,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[176,1420,393,1910]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 48. Line drawings of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 ex Clarias anguillaris from the Sudan (IPCAS C- 466). 41, Complete worm. 42, Scolex, dorsoventral view. 43, Complete circle of hooks. 44, Gravid segment, ventral view. 45, Detail of hooks. 46, Cross-section of gravid segment at level of cirrus-sac. 47, Egg. 48, Gravid segment entirely filled with eggs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280998/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">47</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C339759E0A35FFB4FF2370E8069DF984" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A35FFB4FF2370E80208FC8F" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FF2370E80646FE04" bold="true" box="[201,319,476,500]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Taxonomic history of bothriocephalideans parasitic in clariid catfish in Africa is complicated because apparently conspecific tapeworms were reported under different species names and were placed in several genera. Most commonly, they were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FD5F731003C2FDCC" authority="Woodland, 1925" authorityName="Woodland" authorityYear="1925" box="[693,1211,548,572]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FD5F73100491FDCC" box="[693,1000,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Polyonchobothrium clarias</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FC1C731003CBFDCC" author="Woodland, W. N. F." box="[1014,1202,548,572]" firstAuthor="Woodland" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="158 - 189" part="19" refId="ref27711" refString="Woodland, W. N. F. (1925) Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 as a genus of the Bothriocephalidae. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 19, 158 - 189." title="Tetracampos Wedl, 1861 as a genus of the Bothriocephalidae" type="journal article" year="1925">Woodland, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this species is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FE86737D0509FD90" box="[364,624,584,608]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FE86737D0509FD90" box="[364,624,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tetracampos ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FD40737304F2FDAF" author="Kuchta, R. & Scholz, T. & Bray, R. A." box="[682,907,583,608]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuchta" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Parasitology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="81 - 136" part="71" refId="ref24960" refString="Kuchta, R., Scholz, T. & Bray, R. A. (2008 b) Revision of the order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008 (Eucestoda) with amended generic diagnoses and keys to families and genera. Systematic Parasitology, 71, 81 - 136." title="Revision of the order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008 (Eucestoda) with amended generic diagnoses and keys to families and genera" type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Kuchta
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FCE8737D044BFD90" box="[770,818,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FC7773730351FDAF" author="Wedl, K." box="[925,1064,583,607]" firstAuthor="Wedl" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="463 - 482" part="44" refId="ref27652" refString="Wedl, K. (1861) Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 44, 463 - 482." title="Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. III. Nematoda. IV. Cestoda" type="journal article" year="1861">Wedl (1861)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FB48737D0252FD90" box="[1186,1323,584,608]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB48737D03D6FD90" box="[1186,1199,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB57737C0252FD90" box="[1213,1323,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from cestodes parasitic in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FE8E735805E7FD74" box="[356,670,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Heterobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FE8E735805E7FD74" box="[356,670,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Heterobranchus anguillaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FD21735804DAFD74" box="[715,931,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FD21735804DAFD74" box="[715,931,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Clarias anguillaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A35FFB4FC1D73590344FD75" box="[1015,1085,621,645]" name="Egypt" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Since the original description was incomplete, most subsequent authors considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FD1B73A50402FD58" box="[753,891,656,680]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FD1B73A50587FD58" box="[753,766,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FCE773A40402FD58" box="[781,891,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FC5C73A5032DFD58" box="[950,1108,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
or placed it in the order Proteocephalidea or even
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FE797380054EFD3C" box="[403,567,692,716]" class="Cestoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraphyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Tetraphyllidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because its eggs possess a transparent, hyaline external envelope (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FAC3738007ABFD1F" author="Southwell, T." firstAuthor="Southwell" journalOrPublisher="Annales of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="71 - 75" part="19" refId="ref27067" refString="Southwell, T. (1925) On the genus Tetracampos Wedl, 1861. Annales of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 19, 71 - 75." title="On the genus Tetracampos Wedl, 1861" type="journal article" year="1925">Southwell 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FF3573E3060BFD1F" author="Janicki, C." bookContentInfo="66 pp." box="[223,370,727,751]" editor="L. A. Jagerskiold" firstAuthor="Janicki" journalOrPublisher="The Library of the Royal University of Uppsala" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref24350" refString="Janicki, C. (1926) Cestodes s. str. aus Fischen u. Amphibien. In: L. A. Jagerskiold (Ed.), Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile 1901. Part V. The Library of the Royal University of Uppsala, 66 pp." title="Cestodes s. str. aus Fischen u. Amphibien" type="book" volumeTitle="Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile 1901. Part V" year="1926">Janicki 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FE6D73E3050AFD1F" author="Kuchta, R. & Scholz, T. & Brabec, J. & Bray, R. A." box="[391,627,727,752]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuchta" journalOrPublisher="International Journal for Parasitology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="49 - 55" part="38" refId="ref24901" refString="Kuchta, R., Scholz, T., Brabec, J. & Bray, R. A. (2008 a) Suppression of the tapeworm order Pseudophyllidea (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda) and the proposal of two new orders, Bothriocephalidea and Diphyllobothriidea. International Journal for Parasitology, 38, 49 - 55." title="Suppression of the tapeworm order Pseudophyllidea (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda) and the proposal of two new orders, Bothriocephalidea and Diphyllobothriidea" type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Kuchta
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FE0A73ED056AFD00" box="[480,531,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FD9573E305F7FD1F" author="Kuchta, R. & Scholz, T. & Bray, R. A." box="[639,654,727,751]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Parasitology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="81 - 136" part="71" refId="ref24960" refString="Kuchta, R., Scholz, T. & Bray, R. A. (2008 b) Revision of the order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008 (Eucestoda) with amended generic diagnoses and keys to families and genera. Systematic Parasitology, 71, 81 - 136." title="Revision of the order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008 (Eucestoda) with amended generic diagnoses and keys to families and genera" type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) resurrected the genus with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FC3873ED0325FD00" box="[978,1116,728,752]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FC3873ED04A6FD00" box="[978,991,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FC0473EC0325FD00" box="[1006,1116,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as its
|
||
<typeStatus id="549898B70A35FFB4FB4273EC03A1FD00" box="[1192,1240,728,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and only species because it differs from other bothriocephalideans in egg morphology, the possession of an unflattened strobila, almost round in cross section, and medullary position of vitelline follicles. The latter characteristic is also present in two other bothriocephalidean cestodes,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FD9172700494FCAC" authority="Lonnberg, 1889" authorityName="Lonnberg" authorityYear="1889" box="[635,1005,836,860]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Ptychobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FD9172700449FCAC" box="[635,816,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ptychobothrium</emphasis>
|
||
Lönnberg, 1889
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FBCD72700212FCAC" authority="Luhe, 1899" authorityName="Luhe" authorityYear="1899" box="[1063,1387,836,860]" class="Cestoda" family="Bothriocephalidae" genus="Taphrobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bothriocephalidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FBCD727003A4FCAC" box="[1063,1245,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Taphrobothrium</emphasis>
|
||
Lühe, 1899
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they parasitize marine teleosts and their morphology is otherwise markedly different (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FB697253021CFC8F" author="Kuchta, R. & Scholz, T. & Bray, R. A." box="[1155,1381,871,896]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuchta" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Parasitology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="81 - 136" part="71" refId="ref24960" refString="Kuchta, R., Scholz, T. & Bray, R. A. (2008 b) Revision of the order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008 (Eucestoda) with amended generic diagnoses and keys to families and genera. Systematic Parasitology, 71, 81 - 136." title="Revision of the order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta, Scholz, Brabec & Bray, 2008 (Eucestoda) with amended generic diagnoses and keys to families and genera" type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Kuchta
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB31725D0275FC70" box="[1243,1292,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A35FFB4FF2372B907A1FB50" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FF2372B906B6FC54" box="[201,463,908,932]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FF2372B906B6FC54" box="[201,463,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tetracampos ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a common parasite of clariid catfish and it is widely distributed throughout Africa, with most published reports from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A35FFB4FDF47285051DFC39" box="[542,612,945,969]" name="Egypt" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A35FFB4FD9B729B05B1FC37" box="[625,712,943,967]" name="Nigeria" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A35FFB4FD3F729B041FFC37" box="[725,870,943,967]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A35FFB4FC4B729B036AFC37" box="[929,1043,943,967]" name="Sudan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">the Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see above). The cestode has also been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A35FFB4FE9F72E006CAFC1C" box="[373,435,980,1004]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FE2B72E0047BFC1C" author="Paperna, I." box="[449,770,980,1004]" journalOrPublisher="Bamidgeh" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="3 - 66" part="16" refId="ref25825" refString="Paperna, I. (1964) The metazoan parasite fauna of Israel inland water fishes. Bamidgeh, 16, 3 - 66." title="The metazoan parasite fauna of Israel inland water fishes" type="journal article" year="1964">
|
||
Paperna 1964 – as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FD7D72E1047BFC1C" box="[663,770,980,1004]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FD7D72E105DCFC1C" box="[663,677,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FD5E72E0047BFC1C" box="[692,770,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">clarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A35FFB4FCAB72E004E8FC1C" box="[833,913,980,1004]" name="Turkey" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
[
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FC7572E003FAFC1C" author="Soylu, E. & Emre, Y." box="[927,1155,980,1004]" firstAuthor="Soylu" journalOrPublisher="Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="113 - 117" part="5" refId="ref27095" refString="Soylu, E. & Emre, Y. (2005) Metazoan parasites of Clarias lazera Valenciennes, 1840 and Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) from Kepez I hydro electric power plant loading pond, Antalya, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 5, 113 - 117." title="Metazoan parasites of Clarias lazera Valenciennes, 1840 and Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) from Kepez I hydro electric power plant loading pond, Antalya, Turkey" type="journal article" year="2005">Soylu & Emre 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
– as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FB5772E006D3FBFF" authority="Zmeev, 1936" authorityName="Zmeev" authorityYear="1936" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="magnum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB5772E0078EFBE0" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Polyonchobothrium magnum</emphasis>
|
||
(Zmeev, 1936)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; present study], apparently as a consequence of import of African species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FAC372CC0204FBE0" box="[1321,1405,1016,1040]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FAC372CC0204FBE0" box="[1321,1405,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Clarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to these countries. Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FE2475290521FBC4" box="[462,600,1052,1076]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FE24752906A2FBC4" box="[462,475,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FE0075280521FBC4" box="[490,600,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in other catfish, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FC9A752803E4FBC4" box="[880,1181,1052,1076]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Heterobranchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FC9A752803E4FBC4" box="[880,1181,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Heterobranchus bidorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A35FFB4FB0875280242FBC4" box="[1250,1339,1052,1076]" name="Senegal" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(present study;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FF0975740612FBA8" author="Khalil, L. F." box="[227,363,1088,1112]" firstAuthor="Khalil" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="795 - 807" part="87" refId="ref24671" refString="Khalil, L. F. (1973) Some helminth parasites from African freshwater fishes with the description of two new species. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 87, 795 - 807." title="Some helminth parasites from African freshwater fishes with the description of two new species" type="journal article" year="1973">Khalil 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; RMCA 34723),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FDC4757505B3FBA8" box="[558,714,1088,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Bagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bayad">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FDC4757505B3FBA8" box="[558,714,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bagrus bayad</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A35FFB4FCE57575042BFBA9" box="[783,850,1089,1113]" name="Egypt" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FC8B75740349FBA8" author="Imam, E. A. E. & El-Askalany, M. A. & Rashad, S. M." box="[865,1072,1088,1112]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Imam" journalOrPublisher="Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="137 - 152" part="24" refId="ref24245" refString="Imam, E. A. E., El-Askalany, M. A. & Rashad, S. M. (1991 a) Studies on helminth parasites of Synodontis schall and Bagrus bayad from Beni-Suef water resources. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 24, 137 - 152." title="Studies on helminth parasites of Synodontis schall and Bagrus bayad from Beni-Suef water resources" type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Imam
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FC41757504A4FBA8" box="[939,989,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1991a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FB8575740227FBA8" box="[1135,1374,1088,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Claroteidae" genus="Chrysichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB8575740227FBA8" box="[1135,1374,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chrysichthys auratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A35FFB4FF7D75500671FB8C" box="[151,264,1124,1148]" name="Sudan" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">the Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(present study), may represent incidental infections or these fish may serve as postcyclic or accidental hosts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A35FFB4FF237598024EFAFC" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Omar M. Amin deposited tapeworms found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FD3175990401FB34" box="[731,888,1196,1220]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FD3175990597FB34" box="[731,750,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FD1775980401FB34" box="[765,888,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">anguillaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33466850A35FFB4FC5775990379FB35" box="[957,1024,1197,1221]" name="Egypt" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FB577598066DFB18" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="interruptus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB577598066DFB18" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Polyonchobothrium interruptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNPC 74291–2), but that species has never been formally described and thus represents
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FABB75E5079AFAFC" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
. In 1978 Amin himself identified these tapeworms as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FCA975C0030FFAFC" box="[835,1142,1268,1292]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FCA975C0030FFAFC" box="[835,1142,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Polyonchobothrium clarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FB7775C1025EFAFC" box="[1181,1319,1268,1292]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB7775C103D3FAFC" box="[1181,1194,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB5375C0025EFAFC" box="[1209,1319,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C26150A35FFB4FF237423069DF984" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1652]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Host-parasite relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FDF2742D05DBFAC0" box="[536,674,1304,1328]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FDF2742D055FFAC0" box="[536,550,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FDDE742C05DBFAC0" box="[564,674,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its fish host have been studied by several authors (most of them referred to this species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FE267408047DFAA4" box="[460,772,1340,1364]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Polyonchobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="clarias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FE267408047DFAA4" box="[460,772,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Polyonchobothrium clarias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– see above). The tapeworms penetrates deeply into the mucosa of the intestinal wall and may cause mechanical injury by the attachment of the apical crown of hooks on the scolex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FEFF74B006DDFA6C" author="Tadros, G. & Iskander, A. R. & Wassef, N. A." box="[277,420,1412,1436]" firstAuthor="Tadros" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="143 - 157" part="9" refId="ref27458" refString="Tadros, G., Iskander, A. R. & Wassef, N. A. (1979) On an intestinal cestode and acanthocephalan from the Nile and Red Sea fishes with histopathologic study of their habitat. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 9, 143 - 157." title="On an intestinal cestode and acanthocephalan from the Nile and Red Sea fishes with histopathologic study of their habitat" type="journal article" year="1979">Tadros 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FE4574B0058AFA6C" author="Akinsanya, B. & Otubanjo, O. A." box="[431,755,1412,1436]" firstAuthor="Akinsanya" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="93 - 99" part="54" refId="ref21802" refString="Akinsanya, B. & Otubanjo, O. A. (2006) Helminth parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae) in Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 54, 93 - 99." title="Helminth parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae) in Lekki Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria" type="journal article" year="2006">Akinsanya & Otubanjo 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present study
|
||
<figureCitation id="13183A900A35FFB4FC7374B0035BFA6C" box="[921,1058,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 52" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1908,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,772,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,772,1891]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 52. Photomicrographs of histological sections of Tetracampos ciliotheca Wedl, 1861 in the intestinal wall of Clarias gariepinus from Ethiopia (IPCAS C- 466). 49, Cross-section of the intestinal wall at the level of the scolex. 50, Crosssection of the intestinal wall with several parts of the worm. 51, Detail of apical part of the scolex in the intestinal wall. 52, Detail of the parasite and host surface. * indicates the body of the parasite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280999/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 49–52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FB4874B10252FA6C" box="[1186,1323,1412,1436]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB4874B103D6FA6C" box="[1186,1199,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB5774B00252FA6C" box="[1213,1323,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were also found in the gall bladder (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FE5374930544FA4F" author="Amin, O. M." box="[441,573,1447,1471]" firstAuthor="Amin" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Parasitology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="93 - 101" part="64" refId="ref21878" refString="Amin, O. M. (1978) Intestinal helminths of some Nile fishes near Cairo, Egypt with descriptions of Camallanus kirandensis Baylis, 1928 (Nematoda) and Bothriocephalus aegyptiacus Rysavy and Moravec, 1975 (Cestoda). Journal of Parasitology, 64, 93 - 101." title="Intestinal helminths of some Nile fishes near Cairo, Egypt with descriptions of Camallanus kirandensis Baylis, 1928 (Nematoda) and Bothriocephalus aegyptiacus Rysavy and Moravec, 1975 (Cestoda)" type="journal article" year="1978">Amin 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FDA3749305A5FA4F" author="Shotter, R. A." box="[585,732,1447,1471]" firstAuthor="Shotter" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Serie A Sciences Naturelles" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="836 - 859" part="42" refId="ref26952" refString="Shotter, R. A. (1980) Aspects of the parasitology of the catfish Clarias anguillaris (L.) from a river and a lake at Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Serie A Sciences Naturelles, 42, 836 - 859." title="Aspects of the parasitology of the catfish Clarias anguillaris (L.) from a river and a lake at Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria" type="journal article" year="1980">Shotter 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FD02749304D4FA4F" author="Faisal, M. & Heikal, F. & Shalaby, S. I." box="[744,941,1447,1472]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Faisal" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Zoologie" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="177 - 188" part="76" refId="ref23882" refString="Faisal, M., Heikal, F. & Shalaby, S. I. (1989) Helminthic parasites of the African catfish Clarias lazera (C & V) in lower Egypt: Polyonchobothrium clarias Woodland. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Zoologie, 76, 177 - 188." title="Helminthic parasites of the African catfish Clarias lazera (C & V) in lower Egypt: Polyonchobothrium clarias Woodland" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Faisal
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FCD8749D041DFA30" box="[818,868,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FC53749D03F3FA4F" author="Barson, M. & Bray, R. A. & Ollevier, F. & Huyse, T." box="[953,1162,1447,1472]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barson" journalOrPublisher="Comparative Parasitology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="228 - 240" part="75" refId="ref22347" refString="Barson, M., Bray, R. A., Ollevier, F. & Huyse, T. (2008) Taxonomy and faunistics of the helminth parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), and Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) from temporary pans and pools in the Save-Runde river floodplain, Zimbabwe. Comparative Parasitology, 75, 228 - 240." title="Taxonomy and faunistics of the helminth parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), and Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) from temporary pans and pools in the Save-Runde river floodplain, Zimbabwe" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Barson
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FBE5749D0338FA30" box="[1039,1089,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where tapeworms may cause formation of nodular outgrowths in the mucosa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FCE674F8037DFA14" author="Wabuke-Bunoti, M. A. N." box="[780,1028,1484,1508]" firstAuthor="Wabuke-Bunoti" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Fish Diseases" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="223 - 230" part="3" refId="ref27606" refString="Wabuke-Bunoti, M. A. N. (1980) The prevalence and pathology of the cestode Polyonchobothrium clarias (Woodland, 1925) in the teleost, Clarias mossambicus (Peters). Journal of Fish Diseases, 3, 223 - 230." title="The prevalence and pathology of the cestode Polyonchobothrium clarias (Woodland, 1925) in the teleost, Clarias mossambicus (Peters)" type="journal article" year="1980">Wabuke-Bunoti 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FBF374F8038AFA14" author="Faisal, M. & Heikal, F. & Shalaby, S. I." box="[1049,1267,1484,1508]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Faisal" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Zoologie" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="177 - 188" part="76" refId="ref23882" refString="Faisal, M., Heikal, F. & Shalaby, S. I. (1989) Helminthic parasites of the African catfish Clarias lazera (C & V) in lower Egypt: Polyonchobothrium clarias Woodland. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Zoologie, 76, 177 - 188." title="Helminthic parasites of the African catfish Clarias lazera (C & V) in lower Egypt: Polyonchobothrium clarias Woodland" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Faisal
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB8F74F903E1FA14" box="[1125,1176,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1989)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported complete penetration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FE9774C50571F9F8" box="[381,520,1520,1544]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FE9774C506F3F9F8" box="[381,394,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FE7074C40571F9F8" box="[410,520,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tapeworms through the intestinal wall, with their attachment in the liver, spleen and ovary. In fish with perforated intestine, the intestinal contents filled the peritoneal cavity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB25BE40A35FFB4FB03772007AAF9BF" author="Wabuke-Bunoti, M. A. N." firstAuthor="Wabuke-Bunoti" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Fish Diseases" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="223 - 230" part="3" refId="ref27606" refString="Wabuke-Bunoti, M. A. N. (1980) The prevalence and pathology of the cestode Polyonchobothrium clarias (Woodland, 1925) in the teleost, Clarias mossambicus (Peters). Journal of Fish Diseases, 3, 223 - 230." title="The prevalence and pathology of the cestode Polyonchobothrium clarias (Woodland, 1925) in the teleost, Clarias mossambicus (Peters)" type="journal article" year="1980">Wabuke-Bunoti 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite the high number of examined hosts and observed cestodes, we never found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C235D960A35FFB4FB7A770D0263F9A0" box="[1168,1306,1592,1616]" class="Cestoda" family="Ptychobothriidae" genus="Tetracampos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ciliotheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB7A770D03E4F9A0" box="[1168,1181,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957FA070A35FFB4FB46770C0263F9A0" box="[1196,1306,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ciliotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tapeworms in extraintestinal localization.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |