302 lines
39 KiB
XML
302 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E6B7F699AD02A02BE4068EC0334EBA0C">Anatomical study of two previously undescribed specimens of Clevosaurus hudsoni (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Cromhall Quarry, UK, aided by computed tomography, yields additional information on the skeleton and hitherto undescribed bones</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="155E686E7C5B201C5541536DE49CB531">O, Aileen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E64FF156DA5E05B356443004DC6C3DE">Brien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="35BC6FB76AB9CA2E5AED739913D35D05">Whiteside, David I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="584DC95F6BD2E7CCDC8E685CD5444811">Marshall, John E. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8EBE80FB6068652F169C9B8E868A98E2">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2E3A7C0E6114CB8EAD4893468DA26FC1">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0388BD089C75FFDF87E4FD90758F548C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714951" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190310030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388BD089C75FFDF87E4FD90758F548C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388BD089C75FFDF87E4FD90758F548C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
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<subSubSection id="C33B5F959C75FFDD87E4FD907278508D" box="[914,1355,637,662]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C75FFDD87E4FD907278508D" blockId="5.[914,1355,637,662]" box="[914,1355,637,662]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
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<heading id="D0D6BB729C75FFDD87E4FD907278508D" box="[914,1355,637,662]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" reason="2">
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GENUS:
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<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD8799FD907278508D" authority="SWINTON, 1939" authorityName="SWINTON" authorityYear="1939" box="[1007,1355,637,662]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD8799FD9073A7508F" box="[1007,1172,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">CLEVOSAURUS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD80EDFD907278508D" author="Swinton WE" box="[1179,1355,637,662]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="591 - 594" refId="ref19338" refString="Swinton WE. 1939. A new Triassic rhynchocephalian from Gloucestershire. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 11 4: 591 - 594." type="journal article" year="1939">SWINTON, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B5F959C75FFDD874DFD24736A51B0" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C75FFDD874DFD24725B50C6" blockId="5.[827,1384,712,734]" box="[827,1384,712,734]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
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||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD874DFD2474F750C5" box="[827,964,713,734]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
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||
<typeStatus id="549AB2BC9C75FFDD874DFD24744350C5" box="[827,880,713,734]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD87A7FD25725B50C6" authority="Swinton, 1939" authorityName="Swinton" authorityYear="1939" box="[977,1384,712,734]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsoni">
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<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD87A7FD25738C50C6" box="[977,1215,712,733]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Clevosaurus hudsoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD80B3FD25725B50C6" author="Swinton WE" box="[1221,1384,712,734]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="591 - 594" refId="ref19338" refString="Swinton WE. 1939. A new Triassic rhynchocephalian from Gloucestershire. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 11 4: 591 - 594." type="journal article" year="1939">Swinton, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C75FFDD874DFD11736A51B0" blockId="5.[827,1443,764,939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
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<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD874DFD1173325109" box="[827,1025,764,786]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Included species</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD8065FD1172AE510A" authority="Fraser, 1988" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1988" box="[1043,1437,764,786]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD8065FD1173CA5109" box="[1043,1273,764,786]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Clevosaurus minor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD8172FD1172AE510A" author="Fraser NC" box="[1284,1437,764,785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="125 - 178" refId="ref18168" refString="Fraser NC. 1988. The osteology and relationships of Clevosaurus (Reptilia: Sphenodontida). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 321: 125 - 178." type="journal article" year="1988">Fraser, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD874DFCF6735B512B" authority="* Fraser, 1993" authorityName="* Fraser" authorityYear="1993" box="[827,1128,795,816]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latidens">
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<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD874DFCF674FB512B" box="[827,968,795,816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. latidens*</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD87A7FCF6735B512B" author="Fraser NC" box="[977,1128,795,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="135 - 139" refId="ref18198" refString="Fraser NC. 1993. A new sphenodontian from the early Mesozoic of England and North America: implications for correlating early Mesozoic continental deposits. In: Lucas SG, Morales M, eds. The nonmarine Triassic. Albuquerque: Museum of Natural History and Science, 135 - 139." type="book chapter" year="1993">Fraser, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD8000FCF674F45155" authority="Sues, Shubin & Olsen, 1994" authorityName="Sues, Shubin & Olsen" authorityYear="1994" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bairdi">
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<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD8000FCF673D3512B" box="[1142,1248,795,816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. bairdi</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD809FFCF674F45155" author="Sues HD & Shubin NH & Olsen PE" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="327 - 340" refId="ref19294" refString="Sues HD, Shubin NH, Olsen PE. 1994. A new sphenodontian (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from the McCoy Brook Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14: 327 - 340." type="journal article" year="1994">Sues, Shubin & Olsen, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD87A5FCD773825155" authority="Wu, 1994" authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1994" box="[979,1201,825,847]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wangi">
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<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD87A5FCD773095154" box="[979,1082,826,847]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. wangi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD8034FCD773825155" author="Wu XC" box="[1090,1201,825,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="38 - 69" refId="ref19601" refString="Wu XC. 1994. Late Triassic-Early Jurassic sphenodontians from China and the phylogeny of the Sphenodontia. In: Fraser NC, Sues HD, eds. In the shadow of the dinosaurs: early Mesozoic tetrapods. New York: Cambridge University Press, 38 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1994">Wu, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD80CBFCD772905155" authority="Wu, 1994" authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1994" box="[1213,1443,825,847]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcgilli">
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<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD80CBFCD7721D5155" box="[1213,1326,825,847]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. mcgilli</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD8140FCD772905155" author="Wu XC" box="[1334,1443,825,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="38 - 69" refId="ref19601" refString="Wu XC. 1994. Late Triassic-Early Jurassic sphenodontians from China and the phylogeny of the Sphenodontia. In: Fraser NC, Sues HD, eds. In the shadow of the dinosaurs: early Mesozoic tetrapods. New York: Cambridge University Press, 38 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1994">Wu, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD8705FCB573545176" authority="Wu, 1994" authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1994" box="[883,1127,856,877]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petilus">
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<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD8705FCB574DB5176" box="[883,1000,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. petilus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD8784FCB573545176" author="Wu XC" box="[1010,1127,856,877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="38 - 69" refId="ref19601" refString="Wu XC. 1994. Late Triassic-Early Jurassic sphenodontians from China and the phylogeny of the Sphenodontia. In: Fraser NC, Sues HD, eds. In the shadow of the dinosaurs: early Mesozoic tetrapods. New York: Cambridge University Press, 38 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1994">Wu, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD8000FCB572AD5175" authority="Saila, 2005" authorityName="Saila" authorityYear="2005" box="[1142,1438,856,878]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="convallis">
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<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD8000FCB572345176" box="[1142,1287,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. convallis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD8167FCB572AD5175" author="Saila LK" box="[1297,1438,856,878]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="817 - 831" refId="ref19266" refString="Saila LK. 2005. A new species of the sphenodontian reptile Clevosaurus from the Lower Jurassic of South Wales. Palaeontology 48: 817 - 831." type="journal article" year="2005">Säilä, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD874DFC9A73C65196" authority="Bonaparte & Sues, 2006" authorityName="Bonaparte & Sues" authorityYear="2006" box="[827,1269,887,909]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD874DFC9A74E85197" box="[827,987,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. brasiliensis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD8794FC9A73C65196" author="Bonaparte JF & Sues HD" box="[994,1269,887,909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="917 - 923" refId="ref17832" refString="Bonaparte JF, Sues HD. 2006. A new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from the Upper Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Palaeontology 49: 917 - 923." type="journal article" year="2006">Bonaparte & Sues, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD8158FC9A736651B0" authority="Klein et al., 2015" authorityName="Klein" authorityYear="2015" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sectumsemper">
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||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD8158FC9A74B851B0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. sectumsemper</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD87E7FC78736651B0" author="Klein CG & Whiteside DI & Selles de Lucas V & Viegas PA & Benton MJ" box="[913,1109,917,939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="402 - 416" refId="ref18815" refString="Klein CG, Whiteside DI, Selles de Lucas V, Viegas PA, Benton MJ. 2015. A distinctive Late Triassic microvertebrate fissure fauna and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Woodleaze Quarry, Gloucestershire, UK. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 126: 402 - 416." type="journal article" year="2015">
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||
Klein
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||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD87A0FC7B733D51B1" box="[982,1038,917,939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 2015
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B5F959C75FFDD874DFC2473EE5478" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C75FFDD874DFC2472A45709" blockId="5.[827,1444,969,1635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD874DFC24749351C5" box="[827,928,969,990]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Remarks</emphasis>
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||
: The most recent cladistic analysis by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD8129FC2474F551E5" author="Hsiou AS & De Franca MAG & Ferigolo J" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="0137523" refId="ref18636" refString="Hsiou AS, De Franca MAG, Ferigolo J. 2015. New data on the Clevosaurus (Sphenodontia: Clevosauridae) from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil. PLoS ONE 10: e 0137523." type="journal article" year="2015">
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||
Hsiou
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<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD874DFC04744651E6" box="[827,885,1000,1022]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
resolved a
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD803BFC0573C051E5" authorityName="BONAPARTE & SUES" authorityYear="2006" box="[1101,1267,1000,1022]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Clevosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade with the following apomorphic features: antorbital region forming one-quarter of the skull length (reversed to between one-third to one-quarter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD80F2FBA9721F5642" authorityName="Bonaparte & Sues" authorityYear="2006" box="[1156,1324,1092,1113]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD80F2FBA9721F5642" box="[1156,1324,1092,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD814DFBA972905641" authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1994" box="[1339,1443,1092,1114]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD814DFBA972905641" box="[1339,1443,1092,1114]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. wangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD871BFB8E74E55663" authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1994" box="[877,982,1123,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD871BFB8E74E55663" box="[877,982,1123,1144]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. petilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); a narrow and elongated dorsal process of the jugal; palatine teeth forming a single row, plus one isolated tooth.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD8065FB4D73D556AD" author="Hsiou AS & De Franca MAG & Ferigolo J" box="[1043,1254,1184,1206]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="0137523" refId="ref18636" refString="Hsiou AS, De Franca MAG, Ferigolo J. 2015. New data on the Clevosaurus (Sphenodontia: Clevosauridae) from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil. PLoS ONE 10: e 0137523." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Hsiou
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD8028FB4C73A456AE" box="[1118,1175,1184,1206]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
define the clade as ‘all taxa more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD80B6FB52727956CF" authorityName="SWINTON" authorityYear="1939" box="[1216,1354,1215,1236]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD80B6FB52727956CF" box="[1216,1354,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Clevosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD874DFB30748456E9" authority="(Hsiou et al., 2015: 4)" baseAuthorityName="Romer" baseAuthorityPageNumber="4" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[827,951,1245,1266]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphenodontidae" genus="Sphenodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD874DFB30748456E9" box="[827,951,1245,1266]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Sphenodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD87BFFB3073AC56E8" author="Hsiou AS & De Franca MAG & Ferigolo J" box="[969,1183,1245,1267]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="0137523" refId="ref18636" refString="Hsiou AS, De Franca MAG, Ferigolo J. 2015. New data on the Clevosaurus (Sphenodontia: Clevosauridae) from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil. PLoS ONE 10: e 0137523." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Hsiou
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD8079FB33737756E9" box="[1039,1092,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015: 4
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). *
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD80CDFB30729056E9" authorityName="* Fraser" authorityYear="1993" box="[1211,1443,1245,1266]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD80CDFB30729056E9" box="[1211,1443,1245,1266]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Clevosaurus latidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is positioned outside of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD8049FB1173EC5709" authorityName="BONAPARTE & SUES" authorityYear="2006" box="[1087,1247,1276,1298]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Clevosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C75FFDD8725FAF673EE5478" blockId="5.[827,1444,969,1635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
Characters that occur in clevosaurs, but are not restricted to the genus include: a lateral forked flange of the premaxilla preventing contact between the maxilla and the external naris [horizontal posterior flange not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD879AFA7B722557B0" authority="(Saila, 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Saila" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1004,1302,1428,1451]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="convallis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD879AFA7B734657B1" box="[1004,1141,1429,1451]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. convallis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD80F1FA78723F57B0" author="Saila LK" box="[1159,1292,1429,1451]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="817 - 831" refId="ref19266" refString="Saila LK. 2005. A new species of the sphenodontian reptile Clevosaurus from the Lower Jurassic of South Wales. Palaeontology 48: 817 - 831." type="journal article" year="2005">Säilä, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; a dorsally expanded lateral process of the premaxilla; suborbital fenestra bounded solely by the ectopterygoid and palatine; a high, steeply inclined coronoid process of the dentary; flanged teeth; a broad maxillary-jugal contact (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD8735F9C374F9545F" author="Saila LK" box="[835,970,1582,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="817 - 831" refId="ref19266" refString="Saila LK. 2005. A new species of the sphenodontian reptile Clevosaurus from the Lower Jurassic of South Wales. Palaeontology 48: 817 - 831." type="journal article" year="2005">Säilä, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD87ACF9C27233545F" author="Bonaparte JF & Sues HD" box="[986,1280,1582,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="917 - 923" refId="ref17832" refString="Bonaparte JF, Sues HD. 2006. A new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from the Upper Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Palaeontology 49: 917 - 923." type="journal article" year="2006">Bonaparte & Sues, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD8166F9C272AF545F" author="Jones MEH" box="[1296,1436,1582,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="548 - 562" refId="ref18673" refString="Jones MEH. 2006. The Early Jurassic clevosaurs from China (Diapsida: Lepidosauria). New Mexico Museum Natural History Science Bulletin 37: 548 - 562." type="journal article" year="2006">Jones, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD874DF9A073335478" author="Hsiou AS & De Franca MAG & Ferigolo J" box="[827,1024,1613,1635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="0137523" refId="ref18636" refString="Hsiou AS, De Franca MAG, Ferigolo J. 2015. New data on the Clevosaurus (Sphenodontia: Clevosauridae) from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil. PLoS ONE 10: e 0137523." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Hsiou
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD87F3F9A3748E5479" box="[901,957,1613,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD807BF9A073FE5478" author="Klein CG & Whiteside DI & Selles de Lucas V & Viegas PA & Benton MJ" box="[1037,1229,1613,1635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="402 - 416" refId="ref18815" refString="Klein CG, Whiteside DI, Selles de Lucas V, Viegas PA, Benton MJ. 2015. A distinctive Late Triassic microvertebrate fissure fauna and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia) from Woodleaze Quarry, Gloucestershire, UK. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 126: 402 - 416." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Klein
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD8024F9A373B95479" box="[1106,1162,1613,1635]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B5F959C75FFDE874DF96A72BC5571" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C75FFDD874DF96A749F550C" blockId="5.[827,1443,1670,1815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD874DF96A749E5487" box="[827,941,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
: Based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD805DF96B73E95487" author="Swinton WE" box="[1067,1242,1670,1692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="591 - 594" refId="ref19338" refString="Swinton WE. 1939. A new Triassic rhynchocephalian from Gloucestershire. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 11 4: 591 - 594." type="journal article" year="1939">Swinton (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD809EF96B72905487" author="Robinson PL" box="[1256,1443,1670,1692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="457 - 479" refId="ref19143" refString="Robinson PL. 1973. A problematic reptile from the British Upper Trias. Journal of the Geological Society, London 129: 457 - 479." type="journal article" year="1973">Robinson (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C75FFDD871BF948733454A0" author="Fraser NC" box="[877,1031,1701,1723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" pagination="125 - 178" refId="ref18168" refString="Fraser NC. 1988. The osteology and relationships of Clevosaurus (Reptilia: Sphenodontida). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 321: 125 - 178." type="journal article" year="1988">Fraser (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, specimen NHMUK PV R36832 can be diagnosed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C75FFDD8074F92973B054C3" authorityName="Swinton" authorityYear="1939" box="[1026,1155,1731,1753]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C75FFDD8074F92973B054C3" box="[1026,1155,1731,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">C. hudsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The diagnosis is based on the following principal features, identified in the specimen:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C75FFDE8726F8D572BC5571" blockId="5.[848,1443,1847,1900]" lastBlockId="6.[830,1425,1722,1898]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="5" pageNumber="168">• Acrodont dentition. The maxilla bears four large additional teeth that increase in size posteriorly; the teeth are conical in form and have posterolingual flanges. Three smaller conical teeth occur posteriorly to that additional set on the maxilla. The dentary has four large, conical, additional teeth which increase in size posteriorly; these additional teeth have anterolateral flanges. • Teeth are evident on the pterygoid and palatine. Two rows of teeth are present on the pterygoid. A single lateral row of large teeth is present on the palatine but because of incomplete preservation of the medial region of the palatine, the small isolated tooth medially offset from</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E5C969C76FFDE84E7F9DE73E3549F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5714680/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" startId="6.[145,224,1587,1609]" targetBox="[306,1258,197,1547]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C76FFDE84E7F9DE73E3549F" blockId="6.[145,1425,1587,1668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C76FFDE84E7F9DE77CA5453" bold="true" box="[145,249,1587,1609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and surface models of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C76FFDE860DF9DE74655452" authorityName="Swinton" authorityYear="1939" box="[635,854,1587,1609]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C76FFDE860DF9DE74655452" box="[635,854,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="169">Clevosaurus hudsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen NHMUK PV R36832. A, entire specimen. B, diagrammatic representation of the specimen with key showing location of views in (C–F) and in Figure 4. Skull bones in (C, D) dorsolateral view and (E, F) left lateral view (surface models are in artificial colour in all figures).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B5F959C77FFDF84D5FF6D76745164" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84D5FF6D76E75281" blockId="7.[163,468,128,155]" box="[163,468,128,155]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
|
||
170 A. O’BRIEN
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C77FFDF85F5FF6876FD5281" box="[387,462,133,154]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">ET AL</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E5C969C77FFDF84D2FD06756B5104" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5714682/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" startId="7.[164,242,747,769]" targetBox="[291,1315,195,707]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84D2FD06756B5104" blockId="7.[163,1443,747,799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C77FFDF84D2FD06763F511B" bold="true" box="[164,268,747,769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Postcranial bones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C77FFDF859BFD0675F4511A" authorityName="Swinton" authorityYear="1939" box="[493,711,747,769]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C77FFDF859BFD0675F4511A" box="[493,711,747,769]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">Clevosaurus hudsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen NHMUK PV R36832. (A) photograph and (B) surface model (refer to Fig. 3B for location on specimen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84AEFCA676745164" blockId="7.[184,778,843,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">the lateral row, typical of clevosaurs, is not recorded.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B5F959C77FFDF84CEFC6475FE562C" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84CEFC6475FE562C" blockId="7.[184,778,843,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
|
||
• Incomplete lower temporal bar. There is a gap between the posterior process of the jugal and the quadrate on this specimen.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C77FFDF8615FC2B743951C7" author="Fraser NC" box="[611,778,966,988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" pagination="125 - 178" refId="ref18168" refString="Fraser NC. 1988. The osteology and relationships of Clevosaurus (Reptilia: Sphenodontida). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 321: 125 - 178." type="journal article" year="1988">Fraser (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
notes that in some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C77FFDF863EFC0975F151E2" authorityName="Swinton" authorityYear="1939" box="[584,706,996,1017]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C77FFDF863EFC0975F151E2" box="[584,706,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. hudsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, weak contact is made between the jugal and quadratojugal. There is no contact on this specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B5F959C77FFDF84CEFBAC76DB56A9" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84CEFBAC7590564D" blockId="7.[184,778,843,1202]" box="[184,675,1088,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">• A flattened, plate-like quadrate present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84CEFBB276E6566E" blockId="7.[184,778,843,1202]" box="[184,469,1119,1141]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">• Large pineal foramen.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84CEFB9375735688" blockId="7.[184,778,843,1202]" box="[184,576,1149,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">• Postorbital triangular in shape.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84CEFB7076DB56A9" blockId="7.[184,778,843,1202]" box="[184,488,1180,1202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">• Supratemporal present.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B5F959C77FFDF84D5FB2677CC5740" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84D5FB2677CC5740" blockId="7.[163,779,1227,1371]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
|
||
Specimen NMHUK PV R36846 is designated the hind limb of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C77FFDF8536FB0776F356E5" authorityName="Swinton" authorityYear="1939" box="[320,448,1257,1279]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C77FFDF8536FB0776F356E5" box="[320,448,1257,1279]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. hudsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on its great similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C21779D9C77FFDF8498FAE576435706" authorityName="Swinton" authorityYear="1939" box="[238,368,1288,1309]" class="Reptilia" family="Clevosauridae" genus="Clevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchocephalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955D00C9C77FFDF8498FAE576435706" box="[238,368,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">C. hudsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, figured and described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C77FFDF86CDFAE477D05727" author="Fraser NC" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" pagination="125 - 178" refId="ref18168" refString="Fraser NC. 1988. The osteology and relationships of Clevosaurus (Reptilia: Sphenodontida). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 321: 125 - 178." type="journal article" year="1988">Fraser (1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 35). Identifiable features on this specimen include:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B5F959C77FFDF84CEFA97758F548C" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84CEFA97752257B5" blockId="7.[184,778,1401,1546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">
|
||
• Size of tibia falls within size range of elements measured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB071EF9C77FFDF8507FA74753857B5" author="Fraser NC" box="[369,523,1432,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170" pagination="125 - 178" refId="ref18168" refString="Fraser NC. 1988. The osteology and relationships of Clevosaurus (Reptilia: Sphenodontida). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 321: 125 - 178." type="journal article" year="1988">Fraser (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84CEFA5A76C257D6" blockId="7.[184,778,1401,1546]" box="[184,497,1463,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">• Hooked fifth metatarsal.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84CEFA3B768D5411" blockId="7.[184,778,1401,1546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">• Fifth tarsal fused to fifth metatarsal to form a single tarsometatarsal.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E0C1E9C77FFDF84D5F9CB758F548C" blockId="7.[163,778,1573,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="170">A single astragalocalcaneum, formed by fusion of ankle bones, is considered diagnostic of clevosaurs but on this specimen the elements appear to be separate (see description of NMHUK PV R36846 below).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |