1127 lines
140 KiB
XML
1127 lines
140 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DA6C176F67E7AF8DF005C99F83544991">Systematics, distribution and biology of the Australian ' micro-flea' wasps, Baeus spp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae): parasitoids of spider eggs</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="514026F4B404A5E7EDA3E02513F68EFD">Stevens, Nicholas B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="52B9BA710BD5F83B4EB709A20F6AF877">Austin, Andrew D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2685D11C5296E26B338146873035F7BC">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F5879F526AD134FF684F92F179FACA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5690864" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127711454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5690864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5879F526AD134FF684F92F179FACA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5879F526AD134FF684F92F179FACA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0AB81E5526AD13DFF684F92F29DFF04" bold="true" box="[151,427,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFF684F92F29DFF04" bold="true" box="[151,427,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFF114F92F29DFF04" ID-CoL="62FJR" authority="Halliday" authorityName="Halliday" box="[238,427,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFF114F92F20FFF04" bold="true" box="[238,313,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
Halliday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3466502526AD13DFF684FD0F223FDDC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFF684FD0F283FF59" ID-CoL="62FJR" authority="Halliday, 1833: 270" authorityName="Halliday" authorityPageNumber="270" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,437,213,236]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFF684FD0F3EEFF59" box="[151,216,213,236]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
Halliday, 1833: 270
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFD1098526AD13DFE254FD0F18CFF59" author="Ashmead" box="[474,698,213,236]" page="167" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1893">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFE254FD0F1B3FF59" author="Ashmead" box="[474,645,213,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Ashmead, W. H. 1893. A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 45, 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1893">Ashmead, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 167
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFD1098526AD13DFD3A4FD0F0BAFF59" author="Kieffer" box="[709,908,213,236]" page="146" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFD3A4FD0F061FF59" author="Kieffer" box="[709,855,213,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Kieffer, J. J. 1926. Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Scelionidae. Das Tierreich, 48, 1 - 885." type="journal article" year="1926">Kieffer, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 146
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFD1098526AD13DFC684FD0F7E1FF59" author="Galloway" box="[919,1239,213,236]" page="86" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFC684FD0F799FF59" author="Galloway" box="[919,1199,213,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Galloway, I. D., & Austin, A. D. 1984. Revision of the Scelioninae (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series, 99, 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1984">Galloway & Austin, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 86
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFD1098526AD13DFB1D4FD0F6A1FF59" author="Austin" box="[1250,1431,213,236]" page="88" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFB1D4FD0F646FF59" author="Austin" box="[1250,1392,213,236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Austin, A. D. 1988. A new genus of baeine wasp (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) from New Zealand associated with moss. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 15 (1), 173 - 183." type="journal article" year="1988">Austin, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 88
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFF104FFDF2BAFEBA" author="Johnson" box="[239,396,248,271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Johnson, N. 2004. Scelionidae. @ http: // atbi. biosci. ohio-state. edu: 210 / hymenoptera / eol _ scelionidae. home (2006)." type="book chapter" year="2004">Johnson, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for complete bibliography [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B526AD13DFD464FFDF1C7FEBA" box="[697,753,248,271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, by monotypy,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFC134FFDF67EFEBA" ID-CoL="KDB6" authority="Haliday, 1833" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[1004,1352,248,271]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminulum">
|
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<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFC134FFDF791FEBA" box="[1004,1191,248,271]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Baeus seminulum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFB524FFDF67EFEBA" author="Haliday" box="[1197,1352,248,271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Haliday 1833. An essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain, which correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus. Entomological Magazine, 1, 259 - 276." type="journal article" year="1833">Haliday, 1833</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684E1FF152FEE1" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4C11A7526AD13DFF684E1FF152FEE1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFF684E1FF2D1FE84" authority="Ogloblin, 1957: 440" authorityName="Ogloblin" authorityPageNumber="440" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,487,282,305]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Anabaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFF684E1FF236FE84" box="[151,256,282,305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anabaeus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFD1098526AD13DFEF54E1FF2D1FE84" author="Ogloblin" box="[266,487,282,305]" page="440" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1957">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFEF54E1FF287FE84" author="Ogloblin" box="[266,433,282,305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Ogloblin, A. A. 1957. Los insectos de las Islas Juan Fernandez. 35. Myrmaridae, Ceraphronidae, Diapriidae y Scelionidae (Hyenoptera). Revista Chilean Entomoloia, 5: 413 - 444." type="journal article" year="1957">Ogloblin, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 440
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
—[
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B526AD13DFDED4E1FF17FFE84" box="[530,585,282,305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
|
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species, by designation,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFCA14E1FF66DFE84" ID-CoL="KDBB" authority="Ogloblin, 1957" authorityName="Ogloblin" authorityYear="1957" box="[862,1371,282,305]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventricosus" subGenus="Anabaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFCA14E1FF0A9FE84" box="[862,927,282,305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFC4D4E1FF72DFE84" box="[946,1051,282,305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anabaeus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFBD14E1FF79EFE84" box="[1070,1192,282,305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ventricosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFB4E4E1FF66DFE84" author="Ogloblin" box="[1201,1371,282,305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Ogloblin, A. A. 1957. Los insectos de las Islas Juan Fernandez. 35. Myrmaridae, Ceraphronidae, Diapriidae y Scelionidae (Hyenoptera). Revista Chilean Entomoloia, 5: 413 - 444." type="journal article" year="1957">Ogloblin, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Proposed as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFE3D4E38F152FEE1" ID-CoL="62FJR" authority="Haliday." authorityName="Haliday." box="[450,612,317,340]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFE3D4E38F135FEE1" box="[450,515,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Baeus</emphasis>
|
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Haliday.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684E65F10EFE2C" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4C11A7526AD13DFF684E65F10EFE2C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFF684E65F2CCFEC2" authority="Kozlov, 1970: 218" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityPageNumber="218" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,506,352,375]" class="Insecta" family="Scelioninae" genus="Angolobaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFF684E65F214FEC2" box="[151,290,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Angolobaeus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFD1098526AD13DFED34E65F2CCFEC2" author="Kozlov" box="[300,506,352,375]" page="218" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1970">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFED34E65F2F4FEC2" author="Kozlov" box="[300,450,352,375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Kozlov, M. A. 1970. Supergeneric groupings of the Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera). Entomological Review, 49, 115 - 127." type="journal article" year="1970">Kozlov, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 218
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFD1098526AD13DFDDC4E65F1D0FEC2" author="Masner" box="[547,742,352,375]" page="67" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFDDC4E65F18DFEC2" author="Masner" box="[547,699,352,375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Masner, L. 1976. Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 97, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1976">Masner, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 67
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Johnson, 1992: 336 [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B526AD13DFC264E65F727FEC2" box="[985,1041,352,375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
|
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species, by designation,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFAD74E65F2FEFE2C" authority="Risbec, 1957" authorityName="Risbec" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Parabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFAD74E65F206FE2C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Parabaeus machadoi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFEC84E87F2FEFE2C" author="Risbec" box="[311,456,386,409]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Risbec, J. 1957. Description d'un nouveau Baeinien africain Parabaeus machadoi n. sp. (Hym. - Scelionidae). Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 34, 87 - 89." type="journal article" year="1957">Risbec, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFE274E87F104FE2F" bold="true" box="[472,562,386,410]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Syn nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684EA0F1D1FE6A" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4C11A7526AD13DFF684EA0F1D1FE6A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFF684EA0F2CFFE09" authority="Foerster, 1856: 144" authorityName="Foerster" authorityPageNumber="144" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,505,421,444]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hyperbaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFF684EA0F22EFE09" box="[151,280,421,444]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hyperbaeus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFD1098526AD13DFEDE4EA0F2CFFE09" author="Foerster" box="[289,505,421,444]" page="144" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1856">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFEDE4EA0F2F7FE09" author="Foerster" box="[289,449,421,444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Foerster, A. 1856. Hymenopterologische Studien. II Heft. Chalcididae und Proctotrupii. Ernst ter Meer, Aachen, 152 pp." type="book" year="1856">Foerster, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 144
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFD1098526AD13DFDDD4EA0F1D2FE09" author="Masner" box="[546,740,421,444]" page="67" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1976">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFDDD4EA0F18FFE09" author="Masner" box="[546,697,421,444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Masner, L. 1976. Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 97, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1976">Masner, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 67
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Johnson, 1992: 457 [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B526AD13DFC274EA0F726FE09" box="[984,1040,421,444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
|
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species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFB884EA0F6A3FE09" ID-CoL="KDB6" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" box="[1143,1429,421,444]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFB884EA0F603FE09" box="[1143,1333,421,444]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Baeus seminulum</emphasis>
|
||
Haliday
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] Unnecessary replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFDBB4ECDF1D1FE6A" ID-CoL="62FJR" authority="Haliday." authorityName="Haliday." box="[580,743,456,479]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFDBB4ECDF1B3FE6A" box="[580,645,456,479]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
Haliday.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684EEFF1EFFD91" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4C11A7526AD13DFF684EEFF1EFFD91" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFF684EEFF12AFDB4" authority="Risbec, 1956: 821" authorityName="Risbec" authorityPageNumber="821" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,540,490,513]" class="Insecta" family="Scelioninae" genus="Paraneurobaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFF684EEFF27EFDB4" box="[151,328,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paraneurobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFD1098526AD13DFEAD4EEFF12AFDB4" author="Risbec" box="[338,540,490,513]" page="821" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1956">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFEAD4EEFF2D0FDB4" author="Risbec" box="[338,486,490,513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Risbec, J. 1956. Hymenopteres du Cameroun (3 rd contribution). Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire (A), 18, 806 - 833." type="journal article" year="1956">Risbec, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 821
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFD1098526AD13DFDB34EEFF024FDB4" author="Masner" box="[588,786,490,513]" page="67" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFDB34EEFF1D0FDB4" author="Masner" box="[588,742,490,513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Masner, L. 1976. Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 97, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1976">Masner, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 67
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Johnson, 1992: 457 [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B526AD13DFBF54EEFF774FDB4" box="[1034,1090,490,513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, by designation,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFAA14EEFF15FFD91" authority="Risbec, 1956" authorityName="Risbec" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Scelioninae" genus="Paraneurobaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachnevora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFAA14EEFF2E7FD91" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paraneurobaeus arachnevora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFE274D08F15FFD91" author="Risbec" box="[472,617,525,548]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Risbec, J. 1956. Hymenopteres du Cameroun (3 rd contribution). Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire (A), 18, 806 - 833." type="journal article" year="1956">Risbec, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFD864D09F1E5FD91" bold="true" box="[633,723,524,548]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Syn nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684D35F223FDDC" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4C11A7526AD13DFF684D35F223FDDC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFF684D35F2D7FDF2" authority="Kieffer, 1926: 151" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityPageNumber="151" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,481,560,583]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Psilobaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFF684D35F23AFDF2" box="[151,268,560,583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Psilobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFD1098526AD13DFEE94D35F2D7FDF2" author="Kieffer" box="[278,481,560,583]" page="151" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1926">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFEE94D35F29DFDF2" author="Kieffer" box="[278,427,560,583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" refString="Kieffer, J. J. 1926. Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Scelionidae. Das Tierreich, 48, 1 - 885." type="journal article" year="1926">Kieffer, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 151
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B526AD13DFDEA4D35F17BFDF2" box="[533,589,560,583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, by monotypy,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFCAB4D35F7ACFDF2" ID-CoL="68C28" authority="Kieffer, 1910" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1910" box="[852,1178,560,583]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFCAB4D35F0CAFDF2" box="[852,1020,560,583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Baeus curvatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFBFA4D35F7ACFDF2" author="Kieffer" box="[1029,1178,560,583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Kieffer, J. J. 1910. Diagnoses de nouveaux genres et de nouvelles especes de Scelionides (Hym.) des iles Sechelles. Bull. Soc. Entomol. France, 1910, 292 - 294." type="journal article" year="1910">Kieffer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] Synonymy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B78526AD13DFAB34D35F227FDDC" author="Masner" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" refString="Masner, L. 1965. The types of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) and in the Hope Department of Entomology, Oxford. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Supplement, 1, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1965">Masner (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3466502526AD133FF684D70F2D7F99F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684D70F6ADFD3A" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1435,629,655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFF684D70F221FD3A" bold="true" box="[151,279,629,655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Female. Head much wider than mesosoma, closely abutted to pronotum, marginally wider than
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684D9DF6AAFD07" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1436,664,690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
metasoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C526AD13DFEE14D9DF247FD07" box="[286,369,664,690]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,594,1473]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,594,1473]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 11. Female Baeus spp.: A & B, B. matthewi: A, lateral habitus; B, dorsal habitus. C & D, B. moorei: C, lateral habitus; D, dorsal habitus. Scale lines, A – D = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177096/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
D); lateral ocellus much closer to posterior margin of eye than to median ocellus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C526AD13DFACE4D9DF64FFD07" box="[1329,1401,664,690]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[218,1369,560,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female Baeus spp.: A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri; B, dorsal habitus of B. murphyi. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm. fc = frontal carina; fw = forewing remains; ge = gena; hw = hindwing remains; hyo = hyperoccipital carina; lo = lateral ocelli; lt = laterotergite; mo = medial ocellus; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 & 2 = forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively; T 2, 3 & 4 = tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684DBFF6AAFD61" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1436,698,724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">hyperoccipital carina distinct along dorsal-posterior margin of vertex; occiput vertical and concave, not nor-</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684DD8F6AAFD42" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1436,733,759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">mally visible dorsally unless head flexed forward, always forming acute angle with vertex; posterior margin</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684C05F6AAFCAF" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1436,768,794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">of vertex concave medially; in dorsal and lateral views, frons rounded; in anterior view, head ovoid in shape;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684C27F6AAFC89" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1436,802,828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
antenna 7-segmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C526AD13DFE5C4C27F2DCFC89" box="[419,490,802,828]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,474,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,474,1654]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Baeus spp.: A & B, B. arthuri: A, female antenna; B, male antenna. C, female B. vulcanus hind femoral spine (arrowed). D, female B. leai reduced hind femoral spine (arrowed). Scale lines, A = 20 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 20 μm; D = 10 μm. cv = clava; F 1 - 4, 9 & 10 = funicle segments 1 – 4, 9 & 10 respectively; p = pedicel; s = scape." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177091/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A), with 4 funicle segments, F1 about twice as long as each of F2–4 which are
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684C40F6AAFCEA" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1436,837,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
transverse, clava unsegmented (fine suture lines present on dorsal surface only), densely pilose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C526AD13DFAD34C40F640FCEA" box="[1324,1398,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,474,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,474,1654]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Baeus spp.: A & B, B. arthuri: A, female antenna; B, male antenna. C, female B. vulcanus hind femoral spine (arrowed). D, female B. leai reduced hind femoral spine (arrowed). Scale lines, A = 20 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 20 μm; D = 10 μm. cv = clava; F 1 - 4, 9 & 10 = funicle segments 1 – 4, 9 & 10 respectively; p = pedicel; s = scape." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177091/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A),
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684C6DF6AAFC37" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1436,872,898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
scape not reaching to median ocellus; frontal carina incomplete, not reaching to median ocellus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C526AD13DFAE04C6DF640FC37" box="[1311,1398,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="35.[153,256,1339,1363]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,434,1313]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,434,1315]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. Female Baeus spp.: A & B, B. scrobiculus: A, lateral habitus; B, latero-anterior head and mesosoma, latero-dorsal margin of propodeum (arrow) rounded. C & D, B. spirolimbus: C, dorsal habitus, propodeal spiracle (arrowed) on the lateral margin; D, latero-anterior head and mesosoma, fc = frontal carina; laterally projecting carina on latero-dorsal margin of propodeum (long arrow) clearly delineates the lateral part of the propodeum from the dorsal part, distinctive quarter-circle shaped recess present below lateral ridge (short arrow); cristulations of malar region (distorted arrow). Scale lines, A – C = 200 μm; D = 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177098/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
D);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684C8FF6ABFC11" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1437,906,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">antennal insertion positioned below ventral margin of eyes, between ventral margin of frons and dorsal margin</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684CA8F6AAFC72" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1436,941,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">of clypeus; clypeus with transverse furrow just dorsal to its ventral margin, furrow with 6 bristles along dorsal</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684CD5F6AAFC5F" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1436,976,1002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">margin; mandibles tridentate; maxillary and labial palps 1-segmented, labial palps wart-like, bearing one bris-</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684CF7F6AAFBB9" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1436,1010,1036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">tle, maxillary palps clavate, having three bristles apically; dorsally frons coriarious; malar region with cristu-</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF684B10F6AAFB9A" blockId="5.[151,1437,213,1071]" box="[151,1436,1045,1071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
lations seemingly emanating from anterior tentorial pits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C526AD13DFCCC4B10F0BEFB9A" box="[819,904,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="35.[153,256,1339,1363]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,434,1313]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,434,1315]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. Female Baeus spp.: A & B, B. scrobiculus: A, lateral habitus; B, latero-anterior head and mesosoma, latero-dorsal margin of propodeum (arrow) rounded. C & D, B. spirolimbus: C, dorsal habitus, propodeal spiracle (arrowed) on the lateral margin; D, latero-anterior head and mesosoma, fc = frontal carina; laterally projecting carina on latero-dorsal margin of propodeum (long arrow) clearly delineates the lateral part of the propodeum from the dorsal part, distinctive quarter-circle shaped recess present below lateral ridge (short arrow); cristulations of malar region (distorted arrow). Scale lines, A – C = 200 μm; D = 100 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177098/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
D); gena broad and distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C526AD13DFB294B10F62DFB9A" box="[1238,1307,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[218,1369,560,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female Baeus spp.: A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri; B, dorsal habitus of B. murphyi. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm. fc = frontal carina; fw = forewing remains; ge = gena; hw = hindwing remains; hyo = hyperoccipital carina; lo = lateral ocelli; lt = laterotergite; mo = medial ocellus; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 & 2 = forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively; T 2, 3 & 4 = tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A and 9E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF236601526AD13DFF6848B1F654F85E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177088/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[203,1384,1116,1958]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE33689526AD13DFF6848B1F654F85E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1972,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFF6848B1F22EF879" bold="true" box="[151,280,1972,1996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of female metasoma showing laterotergites and the condition of the ventral margins (arrowed):
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFF6848D1F39CF859" bold="true" box="[151,170,2004,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
|
||
, excised (free) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFEA648D1F2A8F85E" box="[345,414,2004,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFEA648D1F2A8F85E" box="[345,414,2004,2027]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. leai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFE4B48D1F2F0F859" bold="true" box="[436,454,2004,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
|
||
, incised (sutured) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A526AD13DFD6A48D1F01EF85E" box="[661,808,2004,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Mirobaeoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFD6A48D1F01EF85E" box="[661,808,2004,2027]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mirobaeoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFC9B48D1F042F859" bold="true" box="[868,884,2004,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">lt</emphasis>
|
||
= laterotergite;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFBE048D1F70AF859" bold="true" box="[1055,1084,2004,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">S1</emphasis>
|
||
= sternite 1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B526AD13DFB3748D1F7D1F859" bold="true" box="[1224,1255,2004,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T1</emphasis>
|
||
= tergite 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895269D13EFF3A4F9DF784FDB9" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,524]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Mesosoma. Compact, higher and wider than long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5269D13EFCE24F9DF047FF07" box="[797,881,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[152,256,1257,1281]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,354,1233]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,354,1233]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Female Baeus spp.: A – C, B. maryae: A, lateral habitus; B, dorsal habitus; C latero-anterior head and mesosoma, laterally projecting carina on latero-dorsal margin of propodeum (arrowed) clearly delineates the lateral part of the propodeum from the dorsal part; D, dorsal mesosoma, propodeal spiracle (arrowed) distal from the lateral margin. Scale lines, A, C & D = 100 μm; B = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177095/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A and 11D); both fore- and hindwings reduced to minute sclerotized plates that are often overlooked because they neatly fit into recesses beneath lateral margins of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum respectively, only marginally larger than tegula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5269D13EFB4C4FD8F7CEFF42" box="[1203,1272,221,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[218,1369,560,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female Baeus spp.: A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri; B, dorsal habitus of B. murphyi. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm. fc = frontal carina; fw = forewing remains; ge = gena; hw = hindwing remains; hyo = hyperoccipital carina; lo = lateral ocelli; lt = laterotergite; mo = medial ocellus; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 & 2 = forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively; T 2, 3 & 4 = tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A and 7B–F); pronotum visible latero-dorsally, but not medio-dorsally, dorso-posterior corner of pronotum bearing protuberance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5269D13EFEFA4E27F279FE89" box="[261,335,290,316]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1482,1506]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1457]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1458]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Female Baeus spp.: lateral mesosoma. A, B. arthuri; B, B. hallarakeri; C, B. iqbali; D, B. leai, cresent shaped carina arrowed; E, B. scrobiculus, pronotal protuberance arrowed; F, B. tropaeumusdensus. Scale lines, A, C – F = 100 μm; B = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177092/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
E); mesoscutum much wider than long; mesoscutellum transverse, approximately one-third length of mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5269D13EFE4D4E40F2CBFEEA" box="[434,509,325,351]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[218,1369,560,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female Baeus spp.: A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri; B, dorsal habitus of B. murphyi. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm. fc = frontal carina; fw = forewing remains; ge = gena; hw = hindwing remains; hyo = hyperoccipital carina; lo = lateral ocelli; lt = laterotergite; mo = medial ocellus; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 & 2 = forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively; T 2, 3 & 4 = tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B); metanotum greatly reduced, hidden beneath mesoscutellum so not visible (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5269D13EFF374E6DF224FE37" box="[200,274,360,386]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[218,1369,560,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female Baeus spp.: A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri; B, dorsal habitus of B. murphyi. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm. fc = frontal carina; fw = forewing remains; ge = gena; hw = hindwing remains; hyo = hyperoccipital carina; lo = lateral ocelli; lt = laterotergite; mo = medial ocellus; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 & 2 = forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively; T 2, 3 & 4 = tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A and B to
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5269D13EFE5D4E6DF2DDFE37" box="[418,491,360,386]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1499]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male Baeus spp. (wings removed): A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri. B, dorsal habitus of B. leai. Scale lines, A & B = 200 μm. ge = gena; lo = lateral ocelli; mn = metanotum; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 = forewing tegula; T 1, 2 & 3 = tergite 1, 2 & 3 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177090/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A and B); posterior surface of propodeum vertical, dorsal surface forming thin transverse band, posterior margin extending over anterior margin of T2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5269D13EFC0E4E8FF70DFE11" box="[1009,1083,394,420]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[218,1369,560,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female Baeus spp.: A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri; B, dorsal habitus of B. murphyi. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm. fc = frontal carina; fw = forewing remains; ge = gena; hw = hindwing remains; hyo = hyperoccipital carina; lo = lateral ocelli; lt = laterotergite; mo = medial ocellus; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 & 2 = forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively; T 2, 3 & 4 = tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A and B); dorsal metapleuron fused with propodeum to varying degrees (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5269D13EFD5F4EA8F1DBFE72" box="[672,749,429,455]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1482,1506]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1457]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1458]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Female Baeus spp.: lateral mesosoma. A, B. arthuri; B, B. hallarakeri; C, B. iqbali; D, B. leai, cresent shaped carina arrowed; E, B. scrobiculus, pronotal protuberance arrowed; F, B. tropaeumusdensus. Scale lines, A, C – F = 100 μm; B = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177092/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F); coxae large, anterior surface densely covered with stout bristles; legs longer than mesosoma and metasoma combined, hind leg longest; hind leg femoral spine present or absent (sometimes difficult to see even at high magnification) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5269D13EFC0A4EF7F709FDB9" box="[1013,1087,498,524]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,474,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,474,1654]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Baeus spp.: A & B, B. arthuri: A, female antenna; B, male antenna. C, female B. vulcanus hind femoral spine (arrowed). D, female B. leai reduced hind femoral spine (arrowed). Scale lines, A = 20 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 20 μm; D = 10 μm. cv = clava; F 1 - 4, 9 & 10 = funicle segments 1 – 4, 9 & 10 respectively; p = pedicel; s = scape." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177091/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C and D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2366015269D13EFF68485FF061F844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895269D13EFF68485FF061F844" blockId="6.[151,1436,1882,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFF68485FF22CF8C7" bold="true" box="[151,282,1882,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5269D13EFE86485FF28CF8C4" box="[377,442,1882,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFE86485FF28CF8C4" box="[377,442,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.:
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFE02485FF121F8C7" bold="true" box="[509,535,1882,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A,</emphasis>
|
||
lateral habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5269D13EFD23485FF070F8C4" box="[732,838,1882,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFD23485FF070F8C4" box="[732,838,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. arthuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFCA9485FF05EF8C7" bold="true" box="[854,872,1882,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5269D13EFBCD485FF79CF8C4" box="[1074,1194,1882,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFBCD485FF79CF8C4" box="[1074,1194,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. murphyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFF0A487FF23CF827" bold="true" box="[245,266,1914,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fc</emphasis>
|
||
= frontal carina;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFE3E487FF2EBF827" bold="true" box="[449,477,1914,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fw</emphasis>
|
||
= forewing remains;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFD3E487FF1ECF827" bold="true" box="[705,730,1914,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ge</emphasis>
|
||
= gena;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFCCA487FF061F827" bold="true" box="[821,855,1914,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">hw</emphasis>
|
||
= hindwing remains;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFBBF487FF75FF827" bold="true" box="[1088,1129,1914,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">hyo</emphasis>
|
||
= hyperoccipital carina;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFA8D487FF6B1F827" bold="true" box="[1394,1415,1914,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">lo</emphasis>
|
||
= lateral ocelli;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFED5489FF20CF807" bold="true" box="[298,314,1946,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">lt</emphasis>
|
||
= laterotergite;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFE19489FF13FF807" bold="true" box="[486,521,1946,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">mo</emphasis>
|
||
= medial ocellus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFD30489FF03EF807" bold="true" box="[719,776,1946,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">mp 1</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFCD3489FF00CF807" bold="true" box="[812,826,1946,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</emphasis>
|
||
= mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFAEC489FF605F807" bold="true" box="[1299,1331,1946,1970]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ms</emphasis>
|
||
= mesoscutum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFF1748BFF233F867" bold="true" box="[232,261,1978,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pn</emphasis>
|
||
= pronotum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFE6648BFF282F867" bold="true" box="[409,436,1978,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pr</emphasis>
|
||
= propodeum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFDA548BFF1A2F867" bold="true" box="[602,660,1978,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pr sp</emphasis>
|
||
= propodeal spiracle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFC7A48BFF0ADF867" bold="true" box="[901,923,1978,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sc</emphasis>
|
||
= mesoscutellum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFB9848BFF7A4F867" bold="true" box="[1127,1170,1978,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">tg 1</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFB4A48BFF7F4F867" bold="true" box="[1205,1218,1978,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</emphasis>
|
||
= forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFE5C48DFF2F7F847" bold="true" box="[419,449,2010,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFE3048DFF2EAF847" bold="true" box="[463,476,2010,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5269D13EFE0148DFF13DF847" bold="true" box="[510,523,2010,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4</emphasis>
|
||
= tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2366015268D13FFF684AF6F1ADF9C7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177090/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1499]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895268D13FFF684AF6F1ADF9C7" blockId="7.[151,1436,1523,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFF684AF6F22FF9BE" bold="true" box="[151,281,1523,1547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5268D13FFEA04AF6F296F9BF" box="[351,416,1523,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFEA04AF6F296F9BF" box="[351,416,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (wings removed):
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFD604AF6F18FF9BE" bold="true" box="[671,697,1523,1547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A,</emphasis>
|
||
lateral habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5268D13FFC834AF6F0D0F9BF" box="[892,998,1523,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFC834AF6F0D0F9BF" box="[892,998,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B. arthuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFC0B4AF6F730F9BE" bold="true" box="[1012,1030,1523,1547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5268D13FFB314AF6F622F9BF" box="[1230,1300,1523,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFB314AF6F622F9BF" box="[1230,1300,1523,1546]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B. leai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale lines, A & B = 200 μm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFEA44910F242F998" bold="true" box="[347,372,1557,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ge</emphasis>
|
||
= gena;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFE2D4910F2D1F998" bold="true" box="[466,487,1557,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">lo</emphasis>
|
||
= lateral ocelli;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFD684910F18AF998" bold="true" box="[663,700,1557,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mn</emphasis>
|
||
= metanotum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFCA04910F0AEF998" bold="true" box="[863,920,1557,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mp 1</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFC444910F0FFF998" bold="true" box="[955,969,1557,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</emphasis>
|
||
= mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFF68493DF38EF9E5" bold="true" box="[151,184,1592,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ms</emphasis>
|
||
= mesoscutum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFE93493DF2BCF9E5" bold="true" box="[364,394,1592,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pn</emphasis>
|
||
= pronotum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFDDF493DF10CF9E5" bold="true" box="[544,570,1592,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pr</emphasis>
|
||
= propodeum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFD1C493DF029F9E5" bold="true" box="[739,799,1592,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pr sp</emphasis>
|
||
= propodeal spiracle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFBEB493DF71DF9E5" bold="true" box="[1044,1067,1592,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sc</emphasis>
|
||
= mesoscutellum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFB06493DF62BF9E5" bold="true" box="[1273,1309,1592,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">tg1</emphasis>
|
||
= forewing tegula;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFF19495EF233F9C6" bold="true" box="[230,261,1627,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFEED495EF229F9C6" bold="true" box="[274,287,1627,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5268D13FFEBD495EF279F9C6" bold="true" box="[322,335,1627,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</emphasis>
|
||
= tergite 1, 2 & 3 respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895268D13FFF3A49A4F27FF8EE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1697,2003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Metasoma. Short, broadly abutted against vertical posterior surface of propodeum so body appears fused (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5268D13FFF6049CCF3DFF956" box="[159,233,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[218,1369,560,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female Baeus spp.: A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri; B, dorsal habitus of B. murphyi. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm. fc = frontal carina; fw = forewing remains; ge = gena; hw = hindwing remains; hyo = hyperoccipital carina; lo = lateral ocelli; lt = laterotergite; mo = medial ocellus; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 & 2 = forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively; T 2, 3 & 4 = tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A and B); T1 and S1 forming vertical anterior surface of metasoma, T1 not visible dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5268D13FFAD049CCF642F956" box="[1327,1396,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,1116,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[203,1385,1116,1966]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ventral view of female metasoma showing laterotergites and the condition of the ventral margins (arrowed): A, excised (free) (B. leai). B, incised (sutured) (Mirobaeoides sp.). lt = laterotergite; S 1 = sternite 1; T 1 = tergite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177088/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A); T2 largest tergite, occupying>0.6 of dorsal surface of metasoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5268D13FFC3F49F4F73BF8BE" box="[960,1037,1777,1803]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[218,1369,560,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female Baeus spp.: A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri; B, dorsal habitus of B. murphyi. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm. fc = frontal carina; fw = forewing remains; ge = gena; hw = hindwing remains; hyo = hyperoccipital carina; lo = lateral ocelli; lt = laterotergite; mo = medial ocellus; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 & 2 = forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively; T 2, 3 & 4 = tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A and B), glabrous band present along posterior margin; laterotergites wide, ventral margins free, not incised into a submarginal groove (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5268D13FFF684844F3EFF8EE" box="[151,217,1857,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,1116,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[203,1385,1116,1966]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ventral view of female metasoma showing laterotergites and the condition of the ventral margins (arrowed): A, excised (free) (B. leai). B, incised (sutured) (Mirobaeoides sp.). lt = laterotergite; S 1 = sternite 1; T 1 = tergite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177088/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A to 3B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895268D130FF3A486CF085FF6F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1697,2003]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,152,418]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Male. Body not rounded and fused, division between mesosoma and metasoma obvious (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5268D13FFB0E486CF60CF836" box="[1265,1338,1897,1923]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1499]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male Baeus spp. (wings removed): A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri. B, dorsal habitus of B. leai. Scale lines, A & B = 200 μm. ge = gena; lo = lateral ocelli; mn = metanotum; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 = forewing tegula; T 1, 2 & 3 = tergite 1, 2 & 3 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177090/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal surface of mesosoma well above that of metasoma; metasoma petiolate; sculpturing of all dorsal sclerites similar to female, usually more pronounced, except for propodeum and anterior margin of T1 which are visible and generally confused-rugulose and crenulate-costate, respectively; pilosity generally longer than female conspecifics but not as dense; colour similar to female conspecifics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895267D130FF3A4FEDF26FFE17" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Head. Wider than mesosoma, but not as wide in relation to mesosoma as in female, closely abutted to pronotum; hyperoccipital carina distinct along dorsal-posterior margin of vertex; occiput vertical and concave, often forming acute angle with vertex (as in female); eyes not as large as in female, but more distinctly bulging from face; occelli more prominent; antenna 11 or 12-segmented, F9 and F10 sometimes fused or separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5267D130FF114E8DF203FE17" box="[238,309,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,474,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,474,1654]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Baeus spp.: A & B, B. arthuri: A, female antenna; B, male antenna. C, female B. vulcanus hind femoral spine (arrowed). D, female B. leai reduced hind femoral spine (arrowed). Scale lines, A = 20 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 20 μm; D = 10 μm. cv = clava; F 1 - 4, 9 & 10 = funicle segments 1 – 4, 9 & 10 respectively; p = pedicel; s = scape." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177091/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2366015267D130FF684988F60FF95F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177091/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[151,1435,474,1653]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895267D130FF684988F60FF95F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1677,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FF684988F22DF910" bold="true" box="[151,283,1677,1701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5267D130FEDA498BF250F910" box="[293,358,1678,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FEDA498BF250F910" box="[293,358,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.:
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FE544988F288F910" bold="true" box="[427,446,1677,1701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FE1A4988F2C1F910" bold="true" box="[485,503,1677,1701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5267D130FDF8498BF15CF910" box="[519,618,1678,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FDF8498BF15CF910" box="[519,618,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B.arthuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FD854988F1BBF910" bold="true" box="[634,653,1677,1701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
|
||
, female antenna;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FCAD4988F052F910" bold="true" box="[850,868,1677,1701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
|
||
, male antenna.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FBEB4988F711F910" bold="true" box="[1044,1063,1677,1701]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
, female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5267D130FB77498BF63EF910" box="[1160,1288,1678,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulcanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FB77498BF63EF910" box="[1160,1288,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. vulcanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hind femoral spine (arrowed).
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FEB049B5F254F97D" bold="true" box="[335,354,1712,1736]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
|
||
, female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5267D130FE3D49B4F13FF97D" box="[450,521,1713,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FE3D49B4F13FF97D" box="[450,521,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. leai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reduced hind femoral spine (arrowed). Scale lines, A= 20 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 20 μm; D = 10 μm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FEB649D6F254F95E" bold="true" box="[329,354,1747,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">cv</emphasis>
|
||
= clava;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FE3A49D6F130F95E" bold="true" box="[453,518,1747,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F1 - 4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FDEB49D6F117F95E" bold="true" box="[532,545,1747,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">9</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FDBC49D6F168F95E" bold="true" box="[579,606,1747,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">10</emphasis>
|
||
= funicle segments 1–4, 9 & 10 respectively;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FBB649D6F76EF95E" bold="true" box="[1097,1112,1747,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">p</emphasis>
|
||
= pedicel;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5267D130FB3049D6F7EFF95E" bold="true" box="[1231,1241,1747,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">s</emphasis>
|
||
= scape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895267D131FF3A481BF087FEE7" blockId="8.[151,1436,1822,2008]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,458]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Mesosoma. More quadrate than transverse, length greater than width and height, though only marginally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5267D130FF604843F3D5F8D5" box="[159,227,1862,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1499]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male Baeus spp. (wings removed): A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri. B, dorsal habitus of B. leai. Scale lines, A & B = 200 μm. ge = gena; lo = lateral ocelli; mn = metanotum; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 = forewing tegula; T 1, 2 & 3 = tergite 1, 2 & 3 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A and B); mesoscutum wider than long; mesoscutellum often semi-ovoid in dorsal view, approximately half length of scutum, projecting posteriorly above metanotum; metanotum transverse, visible posterio-dorsally; propodeum with exposed oblique sculptured surface in anterior dorsal part, posteriorly surface more vertical and abutted against T1; sculpturing of dorso-lateral regions of meso- and metapleuron confused; wings present and macropterous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5266D131FDDF4F9DF151FF07" box="[544,615,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[269,1305,1175,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,1165,1839]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Forewing and hindwing of Baeus male. Venation terminology follows Dangerfield et al. (2001): Sc + R, submarginal = subcosta + radius; R 1, marginal = radius anterior branch; r, stigmal = radial cross vein; RS + M, basal = radial sector + media. Scale line = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177087/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); forewing narrow so that anterior and posterior margins almost parallel; submarginal (Sc+R) + marginal (R1) veins only reaching about 0.4 times along wing length, marginal vein short, stigmal vein (r) much longer than marginal vein, basal vein (Rs+M) present as thickened infuscate band; setal fringe present and long except for proximal posterior margin; hindwing extremely narrow, setal fringe on posterior margin much longer than maximum wing width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895266D131FF3A4E65F76FFE7F" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,458]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Metasoma. Petiolate, short, usually shorter than mesosoma; T1 clearly visible dorsally; T2 the largest tergite but not as dominant as in female; ventral surface often collapsed inwards so concave; laterotergites free and wide as in female, but difficult to see when metasoma has collapsed ventrally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895266D131FF684D05F16BFDAC" blockId="9.[151,1437,512,1978]" box="[151,605,512,538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Monophyly and relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FDEA4D05F16BFDAC" box="[533,605,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FDEA4D05F16BFDAC" box="[533,605,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895266D131FF3A4D2DF0ADFB97" blockId="9.[151,1437,512,1978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FE534D2DF2C2FDF4" box="[428,500,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FE534D2DF2C2FDF4" box="[428,500,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by eight critical characters associated with the female sex: 1) the female metasoma is short, convex, wide anteriorly and broadly abutted against the vertical surface of the mesosoma so the body appears to be rounded and fused (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5266D131FCCB4D7DF048FD27" box="[820,894,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[218,1369,560,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female Baeus spp.: A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri; B, dorsal habitus of B. murphyi. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm. fc = frontal carina; fw = forewing remains; ge = gena; hw = hindwing remains; hyo = hyperoccipital carina; lo = lateral ocelli; lt = laterotergite; mo = medial ocellus; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 & 2 = forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively; T 2, 3 & 4 = tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A & B), 2) T1 and S1 are wafer thin and form the semi-vertical anterior surface of the metasoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5266D131FCFE4DA5F07EFD0F" box="[769,840,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,1116,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[203,1385,1116,1966]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ventral view of female metasoma showing laterotergites and the condition of the ventral margins (arrowed): A, excised (free) (B. leai). B, incised (sutured) (Mirobaeoides sp.). lt = laterotergite; S 1 = sternite 1; T 1 = tergite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177088/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A); because of this arrangement, T1 is not visible dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5266D131FEF94DCDF278FD57" box="[262,334,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[218,1369,560,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female Baeus spp.: A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri; B, dorsal habitus of B. murphyi. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm. fc = frontal carina; fw = forewing remains; ge = gena; hw = hindwing remains; hyo = hyperoccipital carina; lo = lateral ocelli; lt = laterotergite; mo = medial ocellus; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 & 2 = forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively; T 2, 3 & 4 = tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B), 3) T2 is the largest tergite, comprising at least 0.6 times the length of the metasoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5266D131FA924DCDF393FCBF" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[218,1369,560,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female Baeus spp.: A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri; B, dorsal habitus of B. murphyi. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm. fc = frontal carina; fw = forewing remains; ge = gena; hw = hindwing remains; hyo = hyperoccipital carina; lo = lateral ocelli; lt = laterotergite; mo = medial ocellus; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 & 2 = forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively; T 2, 3 & 4 = tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A & B), 4) the laterotergites of the metasoma wide and free, not incised into a submarginal groove as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FF684C1DF20FFC84" box="[151,313,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Mirobaeoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FF684C1DF20FFC84" box="[151,313,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mirobaeoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5266D131FEB54C1DF2B9FC87" box="[330,399,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,1116,1958]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[203,1385,1116,1966]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ventral view of female metasoma showing laterotergites and the condition of the ventral margins (arrowed): A, excised (free) (B. leai). B, incised (sutured) (Mirobaeoides sp.). lt = laterotergite; S 1 = sternite 1; T 1 = tergite 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177088/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A cf. 3B), 5) the propodeum is vertical and forms the whole of the posterior surface of the mesosoma, 6) the metanotum is reduced and hidden below the mesoscutellum, 7) the maxillary and mandibular palps are reduced to a single segment, and 8) the wings are micropterous, i.e. both fore- and hindwings reduced to minute sclerotized plates, the forewing only slightly larger than the tegula, therefore, often referred to as ‘wingless’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5266D131FEA04CBDF293FC67" box="[351,421,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,560,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[218,1369,560,1875]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female Baeus spp.: A, lateral habitus of B. arthuri; B, dorsal habitus of B. murphyi. Scale lines, A & B = 100 μm. fc = frontal carina; fw = forewing remains; ge = gena; hw = hindwing remains; hyo = hyperoccipital carina; lo = lateral ocelli; lt = laterotergite; mo = medial ocellus; mp 1 & 2 = mesopleuron & metapleuron repectively; ms = mesoscutum; pn = pronotum; pr = propodeum; pr sp = propodeal spiracle; sc = mesoscutellum; tg 1 & 2 = forewing & hindwing tegula, resectively; T 2, 3 & 4 = tergite 2, 3 & 4 respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177089/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 7B–F). In addition, the male is characterized by having the forewing narrow so that the anterior and posterior margins are almost parallel, the submarginal + marginal veins only about 0.4 times the length of the wing, and a basal vein is usually present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5266D131FCBA4B0DF0BBFB97" box="[837,909,1032,1058]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[269,1305,1175,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,1165,1839]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Forewing and hindwing of Baeus male. Venation terminology follows Dangerfield et al. (2001): Sc + R, submarginal = subcosta + radius; R 1, marginal = radius anterior branch; r, stigmal = radial cross vein; RS + M, basal = radial sector + media. Scale line = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177087/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895266D131FF3A4B35F26DFA8F" blockId="9.[151,1437,512,1978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Of the female characters above, a rounded, apparently fused body (character 1) is found in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FF684B5DF20FFBC4" box="[151,313,1112,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Mirobaeoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FF684B5DF20FFBC4" box="[151,313,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mirobaeoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FEB94B5DF28CFBC4" box="[326,442,1112,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Neobaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FEB94B5DF28CFBC4" box="[326,442,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Neobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two undescribed baeine genera from southern Africa (in CNC); the laterotergites being wide and free (character 4) is found independently in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FCAD4B85F0F3FB2C" box="[850,965,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Neobaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FCAD4B85F0F3FB2C" box="[850,965,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Neobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FC2B4B85F670FB2F" authority="Bradley (Thoronini)" authorityName="Bradley (Thoronini" box="[980,1350,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Tiphodytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FC2B4B85F765FB2C" box="[980,1107,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tiphodytes</emphasis>
|
||
Bradley (Thoronini)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FEA24BADF187FB77" authority="(Masner 1976)" baseAuthorityName="Masner" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[349,689,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Telenominae">
|
||
Telenominae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785266D131FDF94BADF19EFB77" author="Masner" box="[518,680,1192,1218]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Masner, L. 1976. Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 97, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1976">Masner 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the forewings being reduced to a tiny sclerotized flaps (character 8) is found in numerous taxa across the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FD074BD5F0B7FB5F" box="[760,897,1232,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scelionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FC424BD5F750FB5F" box="[957,1126,1232,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, particularly those associated with soil and litter habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785266D131FDD14BFDF025FAA7" author="Austin" box="[558,787,1272,1298]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" refString="Austin, A. D., Johnson, N. F., & Dowton, M. 2005. Systematics, evolution, and biology of scelionid and platygastrid wasps. Annual Review of Entomology, 50, 553 - 582." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Austin
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FD754BFDF1FEFAA4" box="[650,712,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The other characters listed above are all apparently unique to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FEF34A25F262FA8C" box="[268,340,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FEF34A25F262FA8C" box="[268,340,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895266D131FF3A4A4DF786F80F" blockId="9.[151,1437,512,1978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The phylogeny of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FE254A4DF111FAD7" box="[474,551,1352,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baeini">Baeini</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785266D131FCB14A4DF7B7FAD7" author="Iqbal" box="[846,1153,1352,1378]" pageId="9" pageNumber="44" refString="Iqbal, M., & Austin, A. D. 2000 a. A preliminary phylogeny for the Baeini (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) endoparasitoids of spider eggs. in A. D. Austin and M. Dowton, editors. The Hymenoptera: Evolution, Biodiversity and Biological Control. CSIRO, Melbourne. pp. 178 - 191." type="book chapter" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Iqbal and Austin (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
using a morphological dataset for exemplar species representing virtually all described genera as well as five putatively undescribed generic level taxa. Parsimony analysis resolved
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FD0C4A9DF00DFA04" box="[755,827,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FD0C4A9DF00DFA04" box="[755,827,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as monophyletic but only with the inclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FF684AC5F24AFA6F" authority="Ogloblin" authorityName="Ogloblin" box="[151,380,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Apobaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FF684AC5F23DFA6C" box="[151,267,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Apobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
Ogloblin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a potential synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FD664AC5F1D7FA6C" box="[665,737,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FD664AC5F1D7FA6C" box="[665,737,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Neotropics. To date we have been unable to examine the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B5266D131FF124AEDF216F9B7" box="[237,288,1512,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FE5C4AEDF120F9B4" box="[419,534,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Apobaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FE5C4AEDF120F9B4" box="[419,534,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Apobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FDD74AEDF0BAF9B7" authority="Ogloblin" authorityName="Ogloblin" box="[552,908,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Tetrabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FDD74AEDF02EF9B4" box="[552,792,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tetrabaeus insularis</emphasis>
|
||
Ogloblin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the generic status of this taxon remains unclear. In this analysis, virtually all ‘wingless’ taxa formed a monophyletic group, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FB414915F630F99C" box="[1214,1286,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FB414915F630F99C" box="[1214,1286,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FAD74915F6ADF99C" box="[1320,1435,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Apobaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FAD74915F6ADF99C" box="[1320,1435,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Apobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being placed apically and sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FDD7493DF1ADF9E4" box="[552,667,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Neobaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FDD7493DF1ADF9E4" box="[552,667,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Neobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and then
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FCF2493DF098F9E4" box="[781,942,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Mirobaeoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FCF2493DF098F9E4" box="[781,942,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mirobaeoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, removal of wing size character states from the dataset resulted in a largely comb-like tree, and pointed to the fact that in the absence this character, which is notoriously homoplastic, there were few informative characters to infer relationships among genera. However, as partly outlined in the Introduction, a recent molecular study (Carey
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FB4E49B5F7DBF97C" box="[1201,1261,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006), including 23 baeine species representing seven genera and eight non-baeine scelionids, resolved
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FB2449DDF615F944" box="[1243,1315,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FB2449DDF615F944" box="[1243,1315,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as monophyletic but placed it in a more basal position as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FCC34805F0E4F8AC" box="[828,978,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Odontacolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FCC34805F0E4F8AC" box="[828,978,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Odontacolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FC0D4805F7BEF8AC" authority="Idris" authorityName="Idris" box="[1010,1160,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hickmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FC0D4805F7BEF8AC" box="[1010,1160,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hickmanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FB584805F7E9F8AC" box="[1191,1247,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Idris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FB584805F7E9F8AC" box="[1191,1247,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Idris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FB004805F6A3F8AC" box="[1279,1429,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Ceratobaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FB004805F6A3F8AC" box="[1279,1429,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ceratobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the latter two genera being polyphyletic. Further, in this analysis the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FBE5482DF751F8F7" box="[1050,1127,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baeini">Baeini</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not monophyletic as
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FF684855F20FF8DC" box="[151,313,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mirobaeiodes</emphasis>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FE9E4855F2E3F8DC" box="[353,469,1872,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Neobaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FE9E4855F2E3F8DC" box="[353,469,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Neobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were resolved with other scelionid genera. These results have been confirmed within a broader sampling of taxa, and point to the fact that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5266D131FC80487DF0FAF827" box="[895,972,1912,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baeini">Baeini</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not monophyletic and that scelionids have probably exploited spider eggs independently at least twice (Murphy
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5266D131FBFD48A5F70BF80C" box="[1026,1085,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
in press).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2366015265D132FF684ACFF2B0F993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177092/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[151,1435,194,1457]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895265D132FF684ACFF2B0F993" blockId="10.[151,1436,1482,1575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FF684ACFF22AFA57" bold="true" box="[151,284,1482,1506]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FE814ACFF289FA54" box="[382,447,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FE814ACFF289FA54" box="[382,447,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.: lateral mesosoma.
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FD2C4ACFF1D0FA57" bold="true" box="[723,742,1482,1506]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FD094ACFF054FA54" box="[758,866,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FD094ACFF054FA54" box="[758,866,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. arthuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FC8C4ACFF0B3FA57" bold="true" box="[883,901,1482,1506]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FC6A4ACFF701FA54" box="[917,1079,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FC6A4ACFF706FA54" box="[917,1072,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hallarakeri">B. hallarakeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FBBF4ACFF765FA57" bold="true" box="[1088,1107,1482,1506]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FB9B4ACFF7F5FA54" box="[1124,1219,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iqbali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FB9B4ACFF7F5FA54" box="[1124,1219,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. iqbali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FB2B4ACFF7D1FA57" bold="true" box="[1236,1255,1482,1506]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FB084ACFF676FA54" box="[1271,1344,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FB084ACFF676FA54" box="[1271,1344,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. leai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cresent shaped carina arrowed;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FE6A4AE9F291F9B1" bold="true" box="[405,423,1516,1540]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FE4B4AE8F17AF9B1" box="[436,588,1517,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobiculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FE4B4AE8F17AF9B1" box="[436,588,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. scrobiculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pronotal protuberance arrowed;
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FC4C4AE9F0F7F9B1" bold="true" box="[947,961,1516,1540]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FC314AE8F787F9B1" box="[974,1201,1517,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropaeumusdensus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FC314AE8F787F9B1" box="[974,1201,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. tropaeumusdensus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale lines, A, C – F = 100 μm; B = 50 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895265D132FF68495FF171F9C1" blockId="10.[151,1436,1626,2012]" box="[151,583,1626,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Comments on non-Australian genera</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895265D132FF3A4987F155F959" blockId="10.[151,1436,1626,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Prior to the commencement of the current study, one of us (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195265D132FC734987F0F9F929" box="[908,975,1666,1692]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) was able to examine the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B5265D132FAF74987F670F929" box="[1288,1350,1666,1692]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of two monotypic baeine genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FE2B49AEF1FBF971" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" box="[468,717,1706,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Scelioninae" genus="Angolobaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FE2B49AEF15BF971" box="[468,621,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Angolobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
Kozlov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FCF449AEF747F971" authority="Risbec. Both" authorityName="Risbec. Both" box="[779,1137,1706,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Scelioninae" genus="Paraneurobaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FCF449AEF0FBF971" box="[779,973,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraneurobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
Risbec. Both
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of these genera are here proposed as junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FDEB49D6F16AF959" box="[532,604,1747,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FDEB49D6F16AF959" box="[532,604,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895265D133FF3A49FFF167FE9F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1626,2012]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,658]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785265D132FF3A49FFF244F8A1" author="Kozlov" box="[197,370,1786,1812]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" refString="Kozlov, M. A. 1970. Supergeneric groupings of the Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera). Entomological Review, 49, 115 - 127." type="journal article" year="1970">Kozlov (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FE2649FEF144F8A1" box="[473,626,1787,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Scelioninae" genus="Angolobaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FE2649FEF144F8A1" box="[473,626,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Angolobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FD5949FEF0CDF8A1" authority="Risbec" authorityName="Risbec" box="[678,1019,1786,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Parabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FD5949FEF094F8A1" box="[678,930,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Parabaeus machadoi</emphasis>
|
||
Risbec
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195265D132FBBA49FFF7ADF8A1" box="[1093,1179,1786,1812]" name="Angola" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785265D132FB5349FFF675F8A1" author="Risbec" box="[1196,1347,1786,1812]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" refString="Risbec, J. 1957. Description d'un nouveau Baeinien africain Parabaeus machadoi n. sp. (Hym. - Scelionidae). Publicacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 34, 87 - 89." type="journal article" year="1957">Risbec 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B5265D132FAA349FFF3FCF889" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in MRAC) on the basis that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B5265D132FDB54827F14BF889" box="[586,637,1826,1852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species has the vertex and frons with two “mound-like projects” on each.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FF1F484EF2F6F8D1" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[224,448,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Parabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FF1F484EF269F8D1" box="[224,351,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Parabaeus</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically highly convergent with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FC1D484EF71FF8D1" box="[994,1065,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FC1D484EF71FF8D1" box="[994,1065,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like scelionids, but the genus belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FEAF4877F2C0F839" box="[336,502,1906,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as recognized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785265D132FD254877F0BAF839" author="Masner" box="[730,908,1906,1932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" refString="Masner, L. 1976. Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 97, 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1976">Masner (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785265D132FBF14877F793F839" author="Austin" box="[1038,1189,1906,1932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="44" refString="Austin, A. D. 1988. A new genus of baeine wasp (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) from New Zealand associated with moss. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 15 (1), 173 - 183." type="journal article" year="1988">Austin 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Manser &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785265D132FAC34877F3E0F801" author="Huggert" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" refString="Masner, L. & Huggert, L. 1989. World review and keys to genera of the subfamily Inostemmatine with reassignment of the taxa to the Platygastrinae and Sceliotrachelinae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 147, 1 - 214." type="journal article" year="1989">Huggert 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785265D132FF16489FF2A2F801" author="Kozlov" box="[233,404,1946,1972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="45" refString="Kozlov, M. A. 1970. Supergeneric groupings of the Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera). Entomological Review, 49, 115 - 127." type="journal article" year="1970">Kozlov (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
correctly placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FDA1489EF1DBF801" box="[606,749,1947,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Parabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FDA1489EF1DBF801" box="[606,749,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. machadoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a scelionid and a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FB71489FF7E8F801" box="[1166,1246,1946,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Baeini">Baeini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, there is no justification for the generic status of this species; it is congeneric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5265D132FBEA48C6F76BF869" box="[1045,1117,1987,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5265D132FBEA48C6F76BF869" box="[1045,1117,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in every respect except for the cephalic projections, which we propose are simply autapomorphic and of importance only at the species level. A range of cephalic processes also occur on the head of some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FC3C4FC5F7C5FF6F" authority="(Telenominae)" baseAuthorityName="Telenominae" box="[963,1267,192,218]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Telenomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FC3C4FC5F709FF6C" box="[963,1087,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Telenomus</emphasis>
|
||
(Telenominae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785264D133FAFD4FC5F6A1FF6F" author="Mineo" box="[1282,1431,192,218]" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" refString="Mineo, G. 1979. Studies on the Scelionidae (Hym. Proctotrupoidea) IX. Material for a revision of the genus Gryon Hal., with description of 4 new species (G. austrafricanum, G, eremiogryon, G. laraichii, G. nicolai) and notes on other scelionids. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri, 36, 234 - 265." type="journal article" year="1979">Mineo 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785264D133FF684FEDF20BFEB7" author="Johnson" box="[151,317,232,258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" refString="Johnson, N. F. 1980. Description of two unusual new species of Neotropical Telenomus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 53, 781 - 786." type="journal article" year="1980">Johnson 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785264D133FEB44FEDF2C6FEB7" author="Huggert" box="[331,496,232,258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" refString="Huggert, L. 1983. On Telenomus, mainly European; redescriptions, new taxa, synonymies and combinations Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea: Scelionidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 14, 145 - 167." type="journal article" year="1983">Huggert 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the vertex and eyes of some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FC764FEDF7D6FEB7" authority="Austin 1984" authorityName="Austin" authorityYear="1984" box="[905,1248,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae (Austin 1984)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where they are also only of species level importance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895264D133FF3A4E3DF70CFD27" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785264D133FF3A4E3DF25FFEE7" author="Risbec" box="[197,361,312,338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="45" refString="Risbec, J. 1956. Hymenopteres du Cameroun (3 rd contribution). Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire (A), 18, 806 - 833." type="journal article" year="1956">Risbec (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FE174E3DF19CFEE4" box="[488,682,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Scelioninae" genus="Paraneurobaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FE174E3DF19CFEE4" box="[488,682,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Paraneurobaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for a species reared from spider eggs collected at Garoua (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195264D133FAA64E3DF3EAFECF" name="Cameroon" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
) that appeared to have a 6-segmented, rather than a 7-segmented, antenna. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B5264D133FB4C4E65F7D0FECF" box="[1203,1254,352,378]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FAA84E65F12DFE17" authority="Risbec" authorityName="Risbec" class="Insecta" family="Scelioninae" genus="Paraneurobaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachnevora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FAA84E65F288FE14" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Paraneurobaeus arachnevora</emphasis>
|
||
Risbec
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is represented by a syntypic series (MNHN) mounted on two microscope slides. Unfortunately, Risbec’s description is inaccurate and his drawings look nothing like the slide mounted specimens that are in reasonable condition. Examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B5264D133FC7F4EDDF085FE47" box="[896,947,472,498]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series shows in fact that the antenna is 7- segmented and that three (not two) tiny funicle segments are present in addition to the larger basal funicle segment, as is the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FE604D2DF2D1FDF4" box="[415,487,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FE604D2DF2D1FDF4" box="[415,487,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most other members of the tribe. In every respect, this species is congeneric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FF2D4D55F22FFDDC" box="[210,281,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FF2D4D55F22FFDDC" box="[210,281,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimen on one slide with the head attached we here designate as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B5264D133FB614D55F63FFDDF" box="[1182,1289,592,618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FACE4D55F3DEFD24" class="Insecta" family="Scelioninae" genus="Paraneurobaeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachnevora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FACE4D55F3DEFD24" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. arachnevora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the remaining specimens that are slightly broken as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B5264D133FC764D7DF700FD27" box="[905,1078,632,658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895264D133FF684DCDF3C0FD57" blockId="11.[151,1436,712,1578]" box="[151,246,712,738]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Biology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895264D133FF3A4DF5F23CFAD7" blockId="11.[151,1436,712,1578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Although there are numerous series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FD6C4DF5F1EDFCBC" box="[659,731,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FD6C4DF5F1EDFCBC" box="[659,731,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reared from spider eggs in world collections, in most cases the host spider has not been identified.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785264D133FD8E4C1DF02EFC87" author="Austin" box="[625,792,792,818]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" refString="Austin, A. D. 1985. The function of spider egg sacs in relation to parasitoids and predators, with special reference to the Australian fauna. Journal of Natural History, 19, 359 - 376." type="journal article" year="1985">Austin (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
summarised all available host information for parasitoids associated with spider eggs and, worldwide, 22 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FC7D4C45F0FCFCEC" box="[898,970,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FC7D4C45F0FCFCEC" box="[898,970,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have host data recorded to at least family level. Although the data are limited, it does point to this genus parasitising a narrower spectrum of spider host families compared with the largest genus of baeines,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FCBF4C95F041FC1C" box="[832,887,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Idris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FCBF4C95F041FC1C" box="[832,887,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Idris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FC234C95F712FC1C" box="[988,1060,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FC234C95F712FC1C" box="[988,1060,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reared from six spider families, more than 70% of which come from just two families (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FC614CBDF72EFC67" box="[926,1048,952,978]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
– 9 records and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FB1A4CBDF65AFC67" box="[1253,1388,952,978]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
– 7 records),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FEF74CE5F208FC4F" box="[264,318,992,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Idris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Idris</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reared from 11 host families (22 records). Interestingly, the spider hosts for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FAAB4CE5F6AAFC4C" box="[1364,1436,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FAAB4CE5F6AAFC4C" box="[1364,1436,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have uniformily more complex structured eggsacs compared with the hosts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FBBE4B0DF74EFB94" box="[1089,1144,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Idris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FBBE4B0DF74EFB94" box="[1089,1144,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Idris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in that they have either dense flocculent silk walls or have multiple layers of dense and flocculent silk (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E7882B5264D133FBBD4B35F7B4FBFF" box="[1090,1154,1072,1098]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
|
||
2 and 3,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FB0E4B35F627FBFC" box="[1265,1297,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">viz</emphasis>
|
||
. the eggsac classification proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785264D133FE314B5DF154FBC7" author="Austin" box="[462,610,1112,1138]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" refString="Austin, A. D. 1985. The function of spider egg sacs in relation to parasitoids and predators, with special reference to the Australian fauna. Journal of Natural History, 19, 359 - 376." type="journal article" year="1985">Austin 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further, it has been postulated that the highly modified body shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FF684B85F3E9FB2C" box="[151,223,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FF684B85F3E9FB2C" box="[151,223,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also function as an adaptation for the female wasp to burrow through the silk wall of the eggsac to reach and oviposit into the eggs within (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785264D133FD894BADF03AFB77" author="Austin" box="[630,780,1192,1218]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" refString="Austin, A. D. 1988. A new genus of baeine wasp (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) from New Zealand associated with moss. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 15 (1), 173 - 183." type="journal article" year="1988">Austin 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785264D133FCE54BADF0C2FB77" author="Austin" box="[794,1012,1192,1218]" pageId="11" pageNumber="44" refString="Austin, A. D., Johnson, N. F., & Dowton, M. 2005. Systematics, evolution, and biology of scelionid and platygastrid wasps. Annual Review of Entomology, 50, 553 - 582." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Austin
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FC8E4BADF09BFB74" box="[881,941,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, some caution should be exercised in not over-interpreting the above apparent difference as there is likely to be some bias in the host data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FF034BFDF272FAA4" box="[252,324,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FF034BFDF272FAA4" box="[252,324,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that most records come from spider hosts collected from above-ground vegetation (where eggsacs are easy to locate and collect), rather than from soil and leaf-litter where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FB8E4A25F78FFA8C" box="[1137,1209,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FB8E4A25F78FFA8C" box="[1137,1209,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be more abundant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895264D133FF394A75F2D7F99F" blockId="11.[151,1436,712,1578]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
For
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195264D133FF074A75F250FA3F" box="[248,358,1392,1418]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FE8B4A75F28AFA3C" box="[372,444,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FE8B4A75F28AFA3C" box="[372,444,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been reared from three spider families (Table 2);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FBAA4A75F7E7FA3F" box="[1109,1233,1392,1418]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Lynyphidae and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FF684A9DF228FA07" box="[151,286,1432,1458]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with four of the six records being from the araneid genera
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FC2E4A9DF621FA04" box="[977,1303,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FC2E4A9DF700FA04" box="[977,1078,1432,1457]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FBBE4A9DF797FA04" box="[1089,1185,1432,1457]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Argiope</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FB524A9DF621FA04" box="[1197,1303,1432,1457]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Celaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Celaenia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FAB04A9DF3EBFA6C" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cyrtophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FAB04A9DF3EBFA6C" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cyrtophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all of which produce eggsacs attached to vegetation. Individual host data are given below for two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FF684AEDF3E9F9B4" box="[151,223,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FF684AEDF3E9F9B4" box="[151,223,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, however for the other four host records the material was not available to examine and the species had not been identified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895264D133FF684960F632F807" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<table id="F95CC42952642EC7FF684960F62DF807" box="[151,1307,1637,1970]" gridcols="4" gridrows="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<tr id="356C34CB52642EC7FF684960F62DF9C8" box="[151,1307,1637,1661]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<th id="76BD5DB752642EC7FF684960F290F9C8" box="[151,422,1637,1661]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FF684960F23EF9C8" bold="true" box="[151,264,1637,1661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
List of known
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76BD5DB752642EC7FE524960F0F2F9C8" box="[429,964,1637,1661]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
hosts of Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FD824963F188F9C8" box="[637,702,1638,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FD824963F188F9C8" box="[637,702,1638,1661]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from data labels
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76BD5DB752642EC7FC344960F0C7F9C8" box="[971,1009,1637,1661]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">and</th>
|
||
<th id="76BD5DB752642EC7FC074960F62DF9C8" box="[1016,1307,1637,1661]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Austin (1985).</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356C34CB52642EC7FF68499EF62DF907" box="[151,1307,1691,1714]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76BD5DB752642EC7FF68499EF290F907" box="[151,422,1691,1714]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FF60499EF3D6F907" box="[159,224,1691,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FF60499EF3D6F907" box="[159,224,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FE52499EF0F2F907" box="[429,964,1691,1714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Host species</td>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FC07499EF62DF907" box="[1016,1307,1691,1714]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spider family</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356C34CB52642EC7FF6849C0F62DF969" box="[151,1307,1733,1756]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76BD5DB752642EC7FF6849C0F290F969" box="[151,422,1733,1756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FF6049C0F210F969" authority="Dodd" authorityName="Dodd" box="[159,294,1733,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FF6049C0F3D2F969" box="[159,228,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. leai</emphasis>
|
||
Dodd
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FE5249C0F0F2F969" box="[429,964,1733,1756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FDFA49C0F168F969" box="[517,606,1733,1756]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FDFA49C0F168F969" box="[517,606,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Araneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FC0749C0F62DF969" box="[1016,1307,1733,1756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FB7649C0F7C0F969" box="[1161,1270,1733,1756]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356C34CB52642EC7FF6849F5F62DF8B2" box="[151,1307,1776,1799]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FE5249F5F0F2F8B2" box="[429,964,1776,1799]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FDFA49F5F153F8B2" box="[517,613,1776,1799]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Celaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FDFA49F5F153F8B2" box="[517,613,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Celaenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FC0749F5F62DF8B2" box="[1016,1307,1776,1799]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FB7649F5F7C0F8B2" box="[1161,1270,1776,1799]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356C34CB52642EC7FF68481EF62DF887" box="[151,1307,1819,1842]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76BD5DB752642EC7FF68481EF290F887" box="[151,422,1819,1842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FF60481EF2B7F887" authority="Hickman" authorityName="Hickman" box="[159,385,1819,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saliens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FF60481EF230F887" box="[159,262,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. saliens</emphasis>
|
||
(Hickman)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FE52481EF0F2F887" box="[429,964,1819,1842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FDFA481EF021F887" box="[517,791,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Microtenonyx subianeous</emphasis>
|
||
(Pick.-Camb)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FC07481EF62DF887" box="[1016,1307,1819,1842]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FB76481EF63CF887" box="[1161,1290,1819,1842]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Linyphiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356C34CB52642EC7FF684840F62DF8E9" box="[151,1307,1861,1884]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76BD5DB752642EC7FF684840F290F8E9" box="[151,422,1861,1884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FF604840F3D6F8E9" box="[159,224,1861,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FF604840F3D6F8E9" box="[159,224,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FE524840F0F2F8E9" box="[429,964,1861,1884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FDFA4840F022F8E9" authority="Walck." authorityName="Walck." box="[517,788,1861,1884]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FDFA4840F187F8E9" box="[517,689,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Argiope aethera</emphasis>
|
||
(Walck.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FC074840F62DF8E9" box="[1016,1307,1861,1884]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FB764840F7C0F8E9" box="[1161,1270,1861,1884]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356C34CB52642EC7FF684875F62DF832" box="[151,1307,1904,1927]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FE524875F0F2F832" box="[429,964,1904,1927]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FDFA4875F0A2F832" authority="Doleschall" authorityName="Doleschall" box="[517,916,1904,1927]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cyrtophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moluccensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FDFA4875F03DF832" box="[517,779,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cyrtophora moluccensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Doleschall)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FC074875F62DF832" box="[1016,1307,1904,1927]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FB764875F7C0F832" box="[1161,1270,1904,1927]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="356C34CB52642EC7FF68489EF62DF807" box="[151,1307,1947,1970]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FE52489EF0F2F807" box="[429,964,1947,1970]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FDFA489EF032F807" authority="Simon" authorityName="Simon" box="[517,772,1947,1970]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Steatoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="livens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5264D133FDFA489EF190F807" box="[517,678,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Steatoda livens</emphasis>
|
||
(Simon)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76BD5DB752642EC7FC07489EF62DF807" box="[1016,1307,1947,1970]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5264D133FB76489EF632F807" box="[1161,1284,1947,1970]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34665025263D134FF394F92F179FACA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895263D134FF394F92F132FD27" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FF394F92F251FF04" bold="true" box="[198,359,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The greatest diversity of Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5263D134FCE44F9DF055FF04" box="[795,867,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FCE44F9DF055FF04" box="[795,867,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species exists within the peripheral mesic environments of the continent, a common pattern exhibited by their hosts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785263D134FC2D4FC5F753FF6F" author="Raven" box="[978,1125,192,218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" refString="Raven, R. J. 1988. The current status of spider systematics. in A. D. Austin & N. W. Heather, editors, Australian Arachnology. The Australian Entomological Society Miscellanuous Publication. pp. 37 - 48." type="book chapter" year="1988">Raven 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Of the 20 species treated here, 55% are endemic to a single biogeographic subregion, with the highest level of endemism found in the Kosciuskan subregion (25%) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5263D134FDFB4E15F17AFE9F" box="[516,588,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[199,1383,817,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[158,1429,810,1921]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution patterns of Baeus species: Number of Baeus species found in particular biogeographic regions with number of endemic species in parenthesis. Biogeographic subregion nomenclature adopted from Heatwole (1987). See Table 3 also." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177086/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The eastern seaboard of the continent, from northern Queensland to southern New South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FE734E3DF2E0FEE7" box="[396,470,312,338]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||
, exhibit the greatest species richness (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13672A0C5263D134FC6E4E3DF0E3FEE7" box="[913,981,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[199,1383,817,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[158,1429,810,1921]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution patterns of Baeus species: Number of Baeus species found in particular biogeographic regions with number of endemic species in parenthesis. Biogeographic subregion nomenclature adopted from Heatwole (1987). See Table 3 also." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177086/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) and share the most number of species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE03325263D134FF614E65F3CDFECF" box="[158,251,352,378]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1326,242,521]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 3. Number of Baeus species shared among regions. Biogeographic subregion nomenclature adopted from Heatwole (1987). See also Fig. 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF236601526BD13CFF684F92F2FCFF64" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="DF236601526BD13CFF684F92F2FCFF64">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The lowest number of species occurs in the South-Western and Eyrean subregions which have no endemic taxa, although these areas are also the poorest surveyed. In addition, we have recognized a further eight likely new species, but have refrained from describing them because of the limited material available and/or their poor condition. Five of these species are from the Kosciuskan subregion, two of which also occur in other subregions, one in the South-West, the other extending into the Torresian subregion. The Tasmanian, Timorian, and Torresian subregions each have a single undescribed species. It is likely that numerous additional species will be discovered in the future as more long-term collecting using a range of techniques is undertaken in specific habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE336895263D134FF394DE0F179FACA" blockId="12.[151,1436,741,1407]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Although beyond the scope of the current study, available material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5263D134FBD34DE0F742FD4B" box="[1068,1140,741,766]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FBD34DE0F742FD4B" box="[1068,1140,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FB3B4DE0F653FD4A" box="[1220,1381,741,767]" name="New Zealand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and islands surrounding
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FE784C08F2C4FC92" box="[391,498,781,807]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
were also examined. Apparent from this is a close affinity of the neighbouring Pacific fauna with the Australian fauna. For instance,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FCE14C30F08BFCFA" box="[798,957,821,847]" name="New Zealand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
has a relatively small fauna comprising five species, two of which also occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FD914C58F1EFFCC2" box="[622,729,861,887]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5263D134FD144C58F00EFCC3" box="[747,824,861,886]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FD144C58F00EFCC3" box="[747,824,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. leai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5263D134FC8E4C58F0D4FCC3" box="[881,994,861,886]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saliens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FC8E4C58F0D4FCC3" box="[881,994,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. saliens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Of the remaining three species, two are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5263D134FEC74C80F28CFC2B" box="[312,442,901,926]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FEC74C80F28CFC2B" box="[312,442,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. murphyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5263D134FE0C4C80F152FC2B" box="[499,612,901,926]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saliens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FE0C4C80F152FC2B" box="[499,612,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. saliens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and may be indicative of allopatric speciation events. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5263D134FAE34C80F652FC2B" box="[1308,1380,901,926]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FAE34C80F652FC2B" box="[1308,1380,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species found to occur on several neighbouring Pacific islands from which material was available (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FAC24CA8F3D4FC5A" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Lord Howe Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FE2D4CD0F1BDFC5A" box="[466,651,981,1007]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FD374CD0F1C5FC5A" box="[712,755,981,1007]" name="Fiji" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
) all belong to species also present in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FB554CD0F62FFC5A" box="[1194,1305,981,1007]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This close affinity is in stark contrast to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5263D134FDDE4CF8F15FFBA3" box="[545,617,1021,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FDDE4CF8F15FFBA3" box="[545,617,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fauna of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FD244CF8F094FBA2" box="[731,930,1021,1047]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the Indian Ocean, some
|
||
<quantity id="4CA49B6C5263D134FB174CF8F667FBA2" box="[1256,1361,1021,1047]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="2000.0">2000 km</quantity>
|
||
to the north-west of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FEC54B20F29CFB8A" box="[314,426,1061,1087]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Of the five species found to occur on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FC994B20F718FB8A" box="[870,1070,1061,1087]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, only one,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5263D134FB534B20F6AAFB8B" box="[1196,1436,1061,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropaeumusbrevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FB534B20F6AAFB8B" box="[1196,1436,1061,1086]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. tropaeumusbrevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also present in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FE964B48F2EEFBD2" box="[361,472,1101,1127]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Interestingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5263D134FD784B48F04FFBD3" box="[647,889,1101,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropaeumusbrevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FD784B48F04FFBD3" box="[647,889,1101,1126]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. tropaeumusbrevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FC5D4B48F738FBD2" box="[930,1038,1101,1127]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
has only been collected from the north-west of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FEBD4B70F287FB3A" box="[322,433,1141,1167]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the closest region of the Australian mainland to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FBF34B70F7ECFB3A" box="[1036,1242,1141,1167]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This difference between the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FED14B98F2C0FB02" box="[302,502,1181,1207]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Australian fauna’s is hardly surprising given that the islands of the Sunda Arc to the north, particularly Java and Sumatera, are the closest landmasses to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FBD64BC0F7C4FB6A" box="[1065,1266,1221,1247]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the direction of the prevailing winds may facilitate colonisation from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FCA34BE8F0E4FAB2" box="[860,978,1261,1287]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Study of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5263D134FB8E4BE8F78FFAB3" box="[1137,1209,1261,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FB8E4BE8F78FFAB3" box="[1137,1209,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Baeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fauna of the neighbouring Indonesian islands may reveal a close affinity with the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FC884A10F70BFA9A" box="[887,1085,1301,1327]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
fauna, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD4B785263D134FB4E4A10F659FA9A" author="Smithers" box="[1201,1391,1301,1327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="45" refString="Smithers, C. N. 1995. Psocoptera (Insecta) of Christmas Island. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 9 (3), 529 - 561." type="journal article" year="1995">Smithers (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has documented for the Psocoptera. The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C4D0A5263D134FD104A38F0E9FAE3" box="[751,991,1341,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropaeumusbrevis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928EA9B5263D134FD104A38F0E9FAE3" box="[751,991,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. tropaeumusbrevis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be an example of colonisation of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34B76195263D134FF144A60F260FACA" box="[235,342,1381,1407]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
from the north-west.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |