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<document id="235DA1A4E251A1299163ED3645F8D004" ID-DOI="10.37828/em.2020.31.1" ID-ISSN="2336-9744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13231695" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2F4B1062-F002-431F-B068-7AE1DAB4ED32" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722913229341" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Spitsyn, Vitaly M. &amp; Bolotov, Ivan N." docDate="2020" docId="03DD87D7D466FFE3FF4C17DFFB8AF843" docLanguage="en" docName="EcolMontenegrina.31.1-5.pdf" docOrigin="Ecologica Montenegrina 31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.31.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3485E46B0EDC64DBF2992EDE30BFB5AE.2:EcolMontenegrina.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="3485E46B0EDC64DBF2992EDE30BFB5AE" docStyleName="EcolMontenegrina.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Theretra makhrovi Spitsyn &amp; Bolotov, 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="74B4379D-85A7-4E3D-AFE5-DBAF9F708FCF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFE4FFAFD464FFE0FFDB1650FFD7FF94" masterDocTitle="Theretra makhrovi sp. nov. from Flores Island, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)" masterLastPageNumber="5" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1722914515837" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B610E82BFA6B6CFC2CEC564E6B0E42FD">Theretra makhrovi sp. nov. from Flores Island, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="96C3696043BD4E829F9CF6F38ADB4735" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4D81BC87C27766426CA242FE66086B77">
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<mods:namePart id="DFFA1B2C05138D53A364318380AA99B6">Spitsyn, Vitaly M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="C42FC7439DA282B34BDED25A49E994CF">Bolotov, Ivan N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="804BE004872F45D92373DE40B8AC72AD">Ecologica Montenegrina</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="48B5C4BD12D481CA3538C5E10A4F992B">
<mods:date id="A31A5B6455573AF4F4E435F0C3649CF4">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="05BFD82AECE1FBBCAB723BA176CF252B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="AA731B52BF91F0622233B9ED05C24FC5">2020-05-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C0E21516BA48D24E05FD4A40DA138CD9" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B2DF87DE2C50A03B3405BEA2C58D964A">31</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5F611B05F8BC7783D86163AD1E6692FB">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="3725F4734CAC07E9D7E7B4AE761778E7">http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.31.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="C17EB3916B264BC98C9D3AACFAC38EF5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="59F14232B3A2713A9713FC30D7005D5C" type="DOI">10.37828/em.2020.31.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BFDF44E3FFE87C853B49F26E648B1482" type="ISSN">2336-9744</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="68F1CFB681285DCC5B19333B5D74D87B" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2F4B1062-F002-431F-B068-7AE1DAB4ED32</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DD87D7D466FFE3FF4C17DFFB8AF843" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74B4379D-85A7-4E3D-AFE5-DBAF9F708FCF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87D7D466FFE3FF4C17DFFB8AF843" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="C36E654AD466FFE2FF4C17DFFE34FE3D" box="[151,483,399,425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCB36C1D466FFE2FF4C17DFFE34FE3D" blockId="2.[151,1157,399,488]" box="[151,483,399,425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D08381ADD466FFE2FF4C17DFFE34FE3D" box="[151,483,399,425]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FF4C17DFFE34FE3D" bold="true" box="[151,483,399,425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D42D466FFE2FF4C17DFFEABFE3D" authorityName="Spitsyn &amp; Bolotov" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,380,399,425]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makhrovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FF4C17DFFEABFE3D" bold="true" box="[151,380,399,425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Theretra makhrovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357A8D466FFE2FE5F17DFFE34FE3D" box="[388,483,399,425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E654AD466FFE2FF4C17E0FB52FE7C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCB36C1D466FFE2FF4C17E0FF29FE5F" blockId="2.[151,1157,399,488]" box="[151,254,432,459]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<figureCitation id="134F2A44D466FFE2FF4C17E0FF29FE5F" box="[151,254,432,459]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="1.[151,226,1959,1983]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,226,1763,1787]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,226,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox-0="[175,1415,357,1934]" captionTargetBox-1="[184,1420,922,1708]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1433,1055,1629]" captionTargetId-0="figure-72@1.[151,1428,324,1941]" captionTargetId-1="figure-208@2.[151,1434,907,1757]" captionTargetId-2="figure-262@3.[151,1433,774,1629]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="Figure 1. Holotype male of Theretra makhrovi sp. nov., Flores Island, Indonesia: A) upperside; B) underside. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos: Vitaly M. Spitsyn." captionText-1="Figure 2. Holotype male genitalia and aedeagus of Theretra makhrovi sp. nov., Flores Island, Indonesia: A) male genitalia; B) valva; C) harpe; D) aedeagus; E) hooks extracted from a groove at the distal part of the aedeagus. Photos: Vitaly M. Spitsyn." captionText-2="Figure 3. Type locality of Theretra makhrovi sp. nov. near Labuan Bajo, Flores Island, Indonesia. Photo: Vitaly M. Spitsyn." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13231697" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13231699" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13231701" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13231697/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13231699/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13231701/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1−3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36C1D466FFE2FF4C1780FB52FE7C" blockId="2.[151,1157,399,488]" box="[151,1157,464,488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
https://zoobank.org/
<uri id="FFE53AC3D466FFE2FEB61780FB52FE7C" box="[365,1157,464,488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFD20C14D466FFE2FDAF1780FB52FE7C" box="[628,1157,464,488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">74B4379D-85A7-4E3D-AFE5-DBAF9F708FCF</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E654AD466FFE2FF4C1442FD74FDE4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCB36C1D466FFE2FF4C1442FD74FDE4" blockId="2.[151,1435,530,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FF4C1442FE87FDB8" bold="true" box="[151,336,530,556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1C3C9CD466FFE2FE811442FD74FDE4" collectingDate="2020-02-05" collectingDateMax="2020-02-07" collectingDateMin="2020-02-05" collectionCode="RMBH, V" collectorName="E. Spitsyna &amp; Spitsyn" country="Indonesia" county="Sph" latitude="-8.589167" location="Flores Island" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="119.986664" municipality="Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nusa Tenggara Timur" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54CF8863D466FFE2FE811442FE1FFDB9" box="[346,456,530,557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male
<collectionCode id="ED65AE04D466FFE2FDC81443FDBDFDB9" box="[531,618,531,557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">RMBH</collectionCode>
<collectingCounty id="62AA4E4DD466FFE2FDA91442FD75FDB9" box="[626,674,530,557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sph</collectingCounty>
0834:
<collectingCountry id="F3637651D466FFE2FD361442FC58FDB9" box="[749,911,530,557]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B0F823D466FFE2FC471443FB5AFDB9" box="[924,1165,531,557]" country="Indonesia" name="Nusa Tenggara Timur" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">East Nusa Tenggara</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAFACBBD466FFE2FB4D1442FB3BFDB9" box="[1174,1260,530,557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Islands</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EAB601AD466FFE2FB221442FA41FDB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87D7D466FFE3FF4C17DFFB8AF843:8EAB601AD466FFE2FB221442FA41FDB9" box="[1273,1430,530,557]" country="Indonesia" county="Sph" latitude="-8.589167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="119.986664" municipality="Islands" name="Flores Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Flores Island</location>
,
<location id="8EAB601AD466FFE2FF4C1463FEE8FDDA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87D7D466FFE3FF4C17DFFB8AF843:8EAB601AD466FFE2FF4C1463FEE8FDDA" box="[151,319,563,590]" country="Indonesia" county="Sph" latitude="-8.589167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="119.986664" municipality="Islands" name="Labuan Bajo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Labuan Bajo</location>
,
<location id="8EAB601AD466FFE2FE811463FD09FDDA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87D7D466FFE3FF4C17DFFB8AF843:8EAB601AD466FFE2FE811463FD09FDDA" box="[346,734,563,590]" country="Indonesia" county="Sph" latitude="-8.589167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="119.986664" municipality="Islands" name="Mbeliling Mountain Ecolodge" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Nusa Tenggara Timur">
<location id="8EAB601AD466FFE2FE811463FD81FDDA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87D7D466FFE3FF4C17DFFB8AF843:8EAB601AD466FFE2FE811463FD81FDDA" box="[346,598,563,590]" country="Indonesia" county="Sph" latitude="-8.589167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="119.986664" municipality="Islands" name="Mbeliling Mountain" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Nusa Tenggara Timur">
Mbeliling
<location id="8EAB601AD466FFE2FE3F1463FD81FDDA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87D7D466FFE3FF4C17DFFB8AF843:8EAB601AD466FFE2FE3F1463FD81FDDA" box="[484,598,563,590]" country="Indonesia" county="Sph" latitude="-8.589167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="119.986664" municipality="Islands" name="Mountain Ecolodge" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Mountain</location>
</location>
Ecolodge
</location>
, mountain monsoon forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE405006D466FFE2FBBB1463FB32FDDA" box="[1120,1253,563,590]" degrees="08" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="21" value="-8.589167">08º35'21&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE405006D466FFE2FADA1463FA41FDDA" box="[1281,1430,563,590]" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="15" seconds="12" value="119.986664">119º59'12&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFCA1001D466FFE2FF4C1405FEE8FDE4" box="[151,319,597,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2020-02-05" valueMax="2020-02-07" valueMin="2020-02-05">
<collectingDate id="EF8EE9E9D466FFE2FF4C1405FEE8FDE4" box="[151,319,597,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2020-02-05" valueMax="2020-02-07" valueMin="2020-02-05">05−07.ii.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26815317D466FFE2FE901406FE07FDE4" box="[331,464,597,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. Spitsyna</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED65AE04D466FFE2FE2E1406FDD9FDE4" box="[501,526,598,624]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26815317D466FFE2FDC21405FDA7FDE4" box="[537,624,597,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spitsyn</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E654AD466FFE2FF4C14C9FBBBFCEA" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCB36C1D466FFE2FF4C14C9FBBBFCEA" blockId="2.[151,1436,665,894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FF4C14C9FEC0FD27" bold="true" box="[151,279,665,691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new species is most similar externally to
<taxonomicName id="4C744D42D466FFE2FC8214C9FBC0FD20" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[857,1047,665,692]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhesus">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FC8214C9FBC0FD20" box="[857,1047,665,692]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Theretra rhesus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C744D42D466FFE2FB8214CAFF05FD41" authority="Vaglia &amp; Liyous, 2010" authorityName="Vaglia &amp; Liyous" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuta">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FB8214CAFB6AFD27" box="[1113,1213,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T. acuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B30D466FFE2FB1314C9FF05FD41" author="Vaglia, T. &amp; Haxaire, J. &amp; Kitching, I. &amp; Liyous, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="41 - 77" refId="ref2152" refString="Vaglia, T., Haxaire, J., Kitching, I. &amp; Liyous, M. (2010) Contribution a la connaissance des Theretra Hubner, 1819, des complexes clotho (Drury, 1773), boisduvalii (Bugnion, 1839) et rhesus (Boisduval, [1875]) d'Asie continentale et du Sud-est (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). European Entomologist, 3 (1), 41 - 77." type="journal article" year="2010">Vaglia &amp; Liyous, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but can be distinguished from these species by the lack of several marking features such as narrow yellow stripes on the tegula, a large, triangular black patch on the underside of the forewing, and a clear zigzag curved band on the underside of the hindwing. Additionally, the new species has clear pink shade on the underside of both wings that is absent in the two other species. It also has narrower and longer wings compared with these two taxa. The new species can also be distinguished from the similar species by the male genitalia structure, i.e. the specific shape of harpe and narrower valve (
<figureCitation id="134F2A44D466FFE2FBCD1533FB8AFCEA" box="[1046,1117,867,894]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,226,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[184,1420,922,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-208@2.[151,1434,907,1757]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype male genitalia and aedeagus of Theretra makhrovi sp. nov., Flores Island, Indonesia: A) male genitalia; B) valva; C) harpe; D) aedeagus; E) hooks extracted from a groove at the distal part of the aedeagus. Photos: Vitaly M. Spitsyn." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13231699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13231699/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0B6649D466FFE2FF4C10B3FE8BF8AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13231699" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13231699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13231699/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[151,226,1763,1787]" targetBox="[184,1420,922,1708]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCB36C1D466FFE2FF4C10B3FE8BF8AC" blockId="2.[151,1436,1762,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FF4C10B3FED6F96F" bold="true" box="[151,257,1763,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Holotype male genitalia and aedeagus of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D42D466FFE2FD3A10B2FC79F96E" authorityName="Spitsyn &amp; Bolotov" authorityYear="2020" box="[737,942,1762,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makhrovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FD3A10B2FC79F96E" box="[737,942,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Theretra makhrovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FC6210B3FBCCF96F" bold="true" box="[953,1051,1763,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357A8D466FFE2FC6210B3FBC1F96F" box="[953,1046,1763,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
Flores Island, Indonesia:
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FA9A10B3FA8AF96F" bold="true" box="[1345,1373,1763,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A)</emphasis>
male genitalia;
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FEDA1152FECBF88E" bold="true" box="[257,284,1794,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">B)</emphasis>
valva;
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FEB71152FE5FF88E" bold="true" box="[364,392,1794,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C)</emphasis>
harpe;
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FE011152FE21F88E" bold="true" box="[474,502,1794,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D)</emphasis>
aedeagus;
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FDB41152FD5EF88E" bold="true" box="[623,649,1794,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E)</emphasis>
hooks extracted from a groove at the distal part of the aedeagus. Photos: Vitaly M. Spitsyn.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36E654AD466FFE3FF4C11D3FE0FFD23" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCB36C1D466FFE3FF4C11D3FB6AFD01" blockId="2.[151,1436,1922,2051]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,195,695]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FF4C11D3FEF8F809" bold="true" box="[151,303,1923,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D466FFE2FEE211D2FDC2F809" box="[313,533,1922,1949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Male morphology:</emphasis>
Wingspan
<quantity id="4C8C9B24D466FFE2FD4411D2FD20F809" box="[671,759,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="87.0">87 mm</quantity>
, forewing length
<quantity id="4C8C9B24D466FFE2FC1211D2FBF5F809" box="[969,1058,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
. Eye dark olive-green. Antenna creamy. Head dark olive-green, with white stripes laterally. Labial palpus somewhat elongated (1.5 eye’s diameter), green with white base and a white triangular spot at the apex. Thorax dark olive-green, without markings. Patagium and tegula dark olive-green, with white stripes laterally. Legs light olive-green, tibia and tarsus whitish-rose. Forewing upperside light gray; discal spot rounded, small, black; basal patch black, rounded, located near dorsum; broad dark olive-green line along costal margin tapering towards apex; medial lines two, dark olive-green, basal line much stronger, three times wider than distal line, which is narrow and weak; postmedial lines two, dark olive-green, basal line very strong, broad and dark, tapering towards apex and dorsum, distal line weak, area between them slightly darker than ground color; submarginal line weak, running parallel to termen. Forewing underside ochraceous, with a longitudinal black stripe from the base up to postdiscal area; postdiscal area light rose; marginal area light greenish; small black stripes at veins in submarginal area. Hindwing upperside black, with a large ochraceous patch near the anal angle and a broad ochraceous shading along the inner and costal margins. Hindwing underside pinkish, with two parallel distal rows of green spots, and a spread of multiple greenish dots. Abdomen dark olive-green with two longitudinal green stripes dorsally, light olive-green laterally, and pinkish ventrally; an unclear black spot near the base of the abdomen.
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FE981466FE25FDC5" box="[323,498,566,593]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Male genitalia</emphasis>
: Tegumen very broad, strongly sclerotized. Uncus bifurcated apically; uncus and gnathos form a typical macroglossine “bird- beak” structure. Valva slightly elongated, ovate shape, rounded apically. Aedeagus somewhat curved, with a grove with numerous hooks distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36C1D467FFE3FF2E14CCFE0FFD23" blockId="3.[151,1436,195,695]" box="[245,472,668,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FF2E14CCFE9AFD23" box="[245,333,668,695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female</emphasis>
: Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E654AD467FFE3FF4C14B0FE0BF8BA" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCB36C1D467FFE3FF4C14B0FE0BF8BA" blockId="3.[151,1123,735,762]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1434,1777,1838]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FF4C14B0FEE0FD6E" bold="true" box="[151,311,736,762]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species was recorded only from its
<typeStatus id="54CF8863D467FFE3FCC314B0FC9DFD6E" box="[792,842,736,762]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
locality in West
<collectingCountry id="F3637651D467FFE3FBC9148FFB88FD6E" box="[1042,1119,735,762]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Flores</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FF4C10A2FEF1F898" bold="true" box="[151,294,1778,1804]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology.</emphasis>
This novel species is dedicated to Dr. Alexander A. Makhrov (Moscow), a prominent Russian biologist and our colleague.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0B6649D467FFE3FF4C1020FF39F932" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13231701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13231701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13231701/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[151,226,1648,1672]" targetBox="[151,1433,1055,1629]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCB36C1D467FFE3FF4C1020FF39F932" blockId="3.[151,1436,1647,1702]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FF4C1020FF28F91C" bold="true" box="[151,255,1648,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Type locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D42D467FFE3FE19103FFD5AF913" authorityName="Spitsyn &amp; Bolotov" authorityYear="2020" box="[450,653,1647,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makhrovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FE19103FFD5AF913" box="[450,653,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Theretra makhrovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FD4C1020FD25F91C" bold="true" box="[663,754,1648,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357A8D467FFE3FD4C1020FD25F91C" box="[663,754,1648,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
near Labuan Bajo, Flores Island, Indonesia. Photo: Vitaly M. Spitsyn.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36E654AD467FFE3FF4C1107FB8AF843" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCB36C1D467FFE3FF4C1107FB8AF843" blockId="3.[151,1436,1879,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FF4C1107FEF1F8E5" bold="true" box="[151,294,1879,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Comments.</emphasis>
In summary, the
<taxonomicName id="4C744D42D467FFE3FDDB1107FD69F8E6" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[512,702,1879,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhesus">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FDDB1107FD69F8E6" box="[512,702,1879,1906]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Theretra rhesus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex contains four species:
<taxonomicName id="4C744D42D467FFE3FB7D1108FAC2F8E6" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1190,1301,1879,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhesus">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FB7D1108FAC2F8E6" box="[1190,1301,1879,1906]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. rhesus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<collectingCountry id="F3637651D467FFE3FAFC1107FA4FF8E6" box="[1319,1432,1879,1906]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3637651D467FFE3FF4C1128FEDBF807" box="[151,268,1912,1939]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, and the
<collectingCountry id="F3637651D467FFE3FE5A1128FDDCF807" box="[385,523,1912,1939]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Philippines</collectingCountry>
],
<taxonomicName id="4C744D42D467FFE3FDF9112AFD51F807" authorityName="Vaglia &amp; Liyous" authorityYear="2010" box="[546,646,1914,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuta">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FDF9112AFD51F807" box="[546,646,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. acuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<collectingCountry id="F3637651D467FFE3FD411128FCF1F807" box="[666,806,1912,1939]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Philippines</collectingCountry>
],
<taxonomicName id="4C744D42D467FFE3FCE6112AFB4CF807" authority="(Swinhoe, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[829,1179,1912,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FCE6112AFC10F807" box="[829,967,1912,1939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. insularis</emphasis>
(Swinhoe, 1892)
</taxonomicName>
with five subspecies [
<collectingCountry id="F3637651D467FFE3FF4511CAFEC2F821" box="[158,277,1946,1973]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3637651D467FFE3FEF111CBFDF6F821" box="[298,545,1946,1973]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3637651D467FFE3FDED11CAFCD1F821" box="[566,774,1946,1973]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, Saint-Mathias Archipelago, New Britain, and
<collectingCountry id="F3637651D467FFE3FABF11CBFEC7F843" name="New Caledonia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
] (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B30D467FFE3FEFD11ECFE28F843" author="Vaglia, T. &amp; Haxaire, J. &amp; Kitching, I. &amp; Liyous, M." box="[294,511,1980,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="41 - 77" refId="ref2152" refString="Vaglia, T., Haxaire, J., Kitching, I. &amp; Liyous, M. (2010) Contribution a la connaissance des Theretra Hubner, 1819, des complexes clotho (Drury, 1773), boisduvalii (Bugnion, 1839) et rhesus (Boisduval, [1875]) d'Asie continentale et du Sud-est (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). European Entomologist, 3 (1), 41 - 77." type="journal article" year="2010">
Vaglia
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FEA511EDFE6EF843" box="[382,441,1980,2007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B30D467FFE3FDD011ECFD6FF843" author="Kitching, I. J." box="[523,696,1980,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref1702" refString="Kitching, I. J. (2020) Sphingidae Taxonomic Inventory, http: // sphingidae. myspecies. info /, accessed on 30 March 2020." type="url" year="2020">Kitching 2020</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C744D42D467FFE3FD2511EDFC5CF843" authorityName="Spitsyn &amp; Bolotov" authorityYear="2020" box="[766,907,1980,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Theretra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="makhrovi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FD2511EDFC5CF843" box="[766,907,1980,2007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. makhrovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B900EAD3D467FFE3FC4811ECFC25F842" bold="true" box="[915,1010,1980,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357A8D467FFE3FC4811ECFC25F842" box="[915,1010,1980,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
[
<collectingCountry id="F3637651D467FFE3FBDA11ECFB85F843" box="[1025,1106,1980,2007]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Flores</collectingCountry>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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