149 lines
19 KiB
XML
149 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="868C0C51629A1078E380542F64C24763" ID-CLB-Dataset="305317" ID-DOI="10.4314/met.v32i1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b5ec1859-445a-4d07-b1a9-0ba7a1fb9ad3" ID-ISSN="2307-5031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14118598" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1731461312275" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Terblanche, Etienne" docDate="2021" docId="03DD87D0FFA4B5144E2DAC35FF15CF3D" docLanguage="en" docName="Metamorphosis.32.24-27.pdf" docOrigin="Metamorphosis 32 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v32i1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA.1:Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA" docStyleName="Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Alaena margaritacea Eltringham 1929" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFE4FFA8FFA4B5164D64A936FFCEC725" masterDocTitle="Observations on the mating behaviour and related copulatory anatomy of Alaena margaritacea Eltringham, 1929 (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="24" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1732211659191" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="D5F713111680ADCF301D2747E3BFC724" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7E5AAC642C5CCBF3FF5B9A4275202BBF">
|
||
<mods:title id="32455FFFE2DFCE2F4A8A5552CC588430">Observations on the mating behaviour and related copulatory anatomy of Alaena margaritacea Eltringham, 1929 (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="528E9EAC8474EAE2E443873A75D03473" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="65C2ED99BFD72048EFB97093E016F8A8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F89AC7FD9569DA0DA23A8D4240E354A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EBC187882000B44AE85FEB3B06D4CC2C">Terblanche, Etienne</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="8FC96B73D63301C868CA390402FCCD67">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="9415453ABF6ADC9F067D399DF7AF2C20" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BA0E694D7E2D9189751D96B1C42C69F6">
|
||
<mods:title id="72014138FF7B278EA9B67D4AF6FCCC91">Metamorphosis</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="0358441115269ED4F2D30C642B3B7076">
|
||
<mods:date id="A62E29403F7642B44AEE6012371C1C1D">2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0062E0D6709A147808A5EF10DC529451" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="CCA03C0FA2A4E545682604085D3D9804">2021-07-02</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0E1237C5AF102F2489C556D01403772B" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="17B089D7F5241E3069A72D6FEAF16D3A">32</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="DA5369D30299844E0505F7B55FC1855F" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="61108C74A05DA30A59660BA48DB8D396">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="1F79F0AA5B70D06A2AC5040794AE3B1F" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="B9CB6C50E011FCD985AF45F09564D016">24</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="3B26DDC543CB097FC29B5CF465D91F18">27</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="424F86FAA91CAFA6681D315E12644B35">
|
||
<mods:url id="89B15DC57DBE7302A9CA96BC3AD9FFB5">http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v32i1.4</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="53770C73F2CDB9F069C754745CF3A852">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AF17F4F63450B0159378954827CE3FF5" type="CLB-Dataset">305317</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="419AC82C53EB08E95DBC9DF0062D4B2E" type="DOI">10.4314/met.v32i1.4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="366C2A0BD0AF110C83A8C63E27C940D1" type="GBIF-Dataset">b5ec1859-445a-4d07-b1a9-0ba7a1fb9ad3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="429F6AC0245BBE8ACABFF36B7402B883" type="ISSN">2307-5031</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="30CE940AC485994F3DFB3D7FFA903434" type="Zenodo-Dep">14118598</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03DD87D0FFA4B5144E2DAC35FF15CF3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14199252" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14199252" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87D0FFA4B5144E2DAC35FF15CF3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87D0FFA4B5144E2DAC35FF15CF3D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="0" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E654DFFA4B5164E2DAC35FBEFC23B" box="[841,1057,1283,1312]" pageId="0" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36C6FFA4B5164E2DAC35FBEFC23B" blockId="0.[841,1057,1283,1312]" box="[841,1057,1283,1312]" pageId="0" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<heading id="D08381AAFFA4B5164E2DAC35FBEFC23B" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[841,1057,1283,1312]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D45FFA4B5164E2DAC35FBEFC23B" ID-CoL="5TV24" authority="Eltringham, 1929" authorityName="Eltringham" authorityYear="1929" box="[841,1057,1283,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Alaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaritacea">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D2DA01AFFA4B5164E2DAC35FBEFC23B" baselines="1305,1304" box="[841,1057,1283,1312]" lowerCaseFontSize="10" mainFontSize="12" normCase="title" normString="Observations" pageId="0" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAD4FFA4B5164E2DAC35FBEFC23B" bold="true" box="[841,1057,1283,1312]" pageId="0" pageNumber="24">OBSERVATIONS</emphasis>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E654DFFA4B5174E2DAC74FACEC7E2" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="24" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36C6FFA4B5164E2DAC74FBCEC1A1" blockId="0.[841,1455,1346,1668]" pageId="0" pageNumber="24">
|
||
During seven visits to the TL in December and
|
||
<date id="FFCA1006FFA4B5164838AC75FCB0C25E" pageId="0" pageNumber="24" value="2020-01">January 2020</date>
|
||
–2021, approximately five mating events were observed. Mating occurred strictly in grass tussocks that surround the loose rocks and extensive rock slabs where the larvae feed on crustose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D45FFA4B5164918ACF0FB32C2FB" box="[1148,1276,1478,1502]" class="Lichinomycetes" family="Lichinaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lichinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="family">Lichinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B37FFA4B5164869ACF0FA64C2FB" author="COETZER, A." box="[1293,1450,1478,1502]" pageId="0" pageNumber="24" pagination="32 - 37" refId="ref2157" refString="COETZER, A. 2015. Life history and conservation status of Alaena margaritacea Eltringham, 1929 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae). Metamorphosis 26: 32 - 37." type="journal article" year="2015">Coetzer, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B37FFA4B5164E2DACDFFB90C125" author="VAN DER WALT, R. & DAMES, J. & MCMASTER, G." box="[841,1118,1512,1536]" pageId="0" pageNumber="24" refId="ref2640" refString="VAN DER WALT, R., DAMES, J., & HAWLEY- MCMASTER, G. 2020. Fungi and lichens of the Limpopo Valley and Mapungubwe National Park. Musina: Ludwigslust." type="book" year="2020">
|
||
Van der Walt
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAD4FFA4B5164E85ACDFFBDEC125" box="[993,1040,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Males persistently perched on grass stems at distances of between
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B23FFA4B51649B6AF3FFAE1C105" box="[1234,1327,1545,1569]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
down from the tips. Here they rhythmically opened and closed their wings, displaying the bright black and orange patterns on their upper sides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36C6FFA4B5164E2DAF9EFC40C082" blockId="0.[841,1455,1704,1959]" pageId="0" pageNumber="24">
|
||
On each visit, individuals were present at distinct spots in the small breeding area which, currently, spans approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B23FFA4B5164E8FAFDCFBFEC024" box="[1003,1072,1770,1794]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="7C019B8EFFA4B5164954AFDEFBF7C1D3" attach="left" box="[1072,1081,1768,1782]" fontSize="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="24">2</superScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A43FFA4B516492CAFDCFB47C027" box="[1096,1161,1770,1794]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[132,200,829,850]" captionTargetBox="[195,683,143,794]" captionTargetId="figure-192@1.[195,683,143,794]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1 – Google Earth polygon (shaded area) of TL breeding area of Alaena margaritacea; an area of about 650 m2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118602/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). On arrival at the site, for instance, a first male or two were consistently found in the north-eastern extremity of the area, and females at the south-western extremity—the latter approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B23FFA4B51648E5AE7BFA60C040" box="[1409,1454,1869,1893]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
away from the adjacent montane forest known as Forest Glens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36C6FFA4B5174E2DAEFDFACEC7E2" blockId="0.[841,1456,1995,2085]" lastBlockId="1.[841,1454,144,199]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="24">
|
||
During one of the observed mating events, the female led the pair up the grass stem for a distance of approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C9B23FFA4B5164E2DA13BFC45CF00" box="[841,907,2061,2085]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
upon disturbance, where they were partly screened by an unidentified maiden-hair fern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A43FFA5B5174F77AEB4FD64C0BF" box="[531,682,1922,1946]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="1.[132,200,1815,1836]" captionTargetBox="[136,738,907,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-195@1.[136,737,907,1388]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 2 – Mating pair, female on top and male below: A – female wafting her wings; B – pair moved to a position where they are screened by an unidentified fern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118604/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="25">Figs 2 A & B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The male followed by working his legs in reverse. The mating session of this pair was measured as lasting for at least 1 hr 38 min. The angle at which the male abdomen connected with that of the female in this pair was found to be tilted, with the point of connection distanced from the female abdomen’s posterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A43FFA5B517493BA999FB3EC7E2" box="[1119,1264,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="1.[841,909,1985,2006]" captionTargetBox="[845,1459,229,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-204@1.[845,1459,673,1431]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 3 – Mating pair, female on top and male below: A – red arrow indicates tip of female abdomen; B – images showing the titled angle of copulation: C – close-up of Fig. 3B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118608/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="25">Figs 3 A & B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B664EFFA5B5174DE0AA0BFD5EC44B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14118602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118602/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="25" startId="1.[132,200,829,850]" targetBox="[195,683,143,794]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36C6FFA5B5174DE0AA0BFD5EC44B" blockId="1.[132,741,829,878]" pageId="1" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAD4FFA5B5174DE0AA0BFF14C477" bold="true" box="[132,218,829,850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="25">Figure 1</emphasis>
|
||
– Google Earth polygon (shaded area) of TL breeding area of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D45FFA5B5174DA8AA6EFE57C44B" authorityName="Eltringham" authorityYear="1929" box="[204,409,856,878]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Alaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaritacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAD4FFA5B5174DA8AA6EFE57C44B" box="[204,409,856,878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="25">Alaena margaritacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; an area of about 650 m
|
||
<superScript id="7C019B8EFFA5B5174FE6AA60FD44C440" attach="left" box="[642,650,854,869]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="25">2</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B664EFFA5B5174DE0AE21FDDDC041" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118604" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14118604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118604/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="25" startId="1.[132,200,1815,1836]" targetBox="[136,738,907,1778]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36C6FFA5B5174DE0AE21FDDDC041" blockId="1.[132,727,1815,1892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAD4FFA5B5174DE0AE21FF14C009" bold="true" box="[132,218,1815,1836]" pageId="1" pageNumber="25">Figure 2</emphasis>
|
||
– Mating pair, female on top and male below: A – female wafting her wings; B – pair moved to a position where they are screened by an unidentified fern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B664EFFA5B5174E2DAEF7FAE1CF28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14118608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118608/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="25" startId="1.[841,909,1985,2006]" targetBox="[845,1459,229,1949]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36C6FFA5B5174E2DAEF7FAE1CF28" blockId="1.[841,1456,1984,2061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAD4FFA5B5174E2DAEF7FC6EC0F3" bold="true" box="[841,928,1985,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="25">Figure 3</emphasis>
|
||
– Mating pair, female on top and male below: A – red arrow indicates tip of female abdomen; B – images showing the titled angle of copulation: C – close-up of Fig. 3B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36E654DFFA6B5144DE0A9A6FF15CF3D" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36C6FFA6B5144DE0A9A6FEE4C6B8" blockId="2.[132,747,144,414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Closer examination of a different, captured female specimen showed that the ostium bursa, that is, the vaginal orifice or opening, was partially covered by a shiny, sclerotized, button-like structure (Fig. 4). This structure is situated at a distance away from the posterior abdominal tip, which corresponds with the field observation of the tilted angle of copulation, as described above. This button-like structure was also observed in other living females at the TL (Fig. 5).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B664EFFA6B5144E2DAA03FBA6C4B8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118610" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14118610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" startId="2.[841,909,821,842]" targetBox="[132,1457,125,997]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36C6FFA6B5144E2DAA03FBA6C4B8" blockId="2.[841,1455,821,926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAD4FFA6B5144E2DAA03FC51C46F" bold="true" box="[841,927,821,842]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Figure 6</emphasis>
|
||
– SEM micrograph of ostium bursa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C744D45FFA6B5144877AA03FA61C46E" authorityName="Eltringham" authorityYear="1929" box="[1299,1455,821,843]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Alaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaritacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAD4FFA6B5144877AA03FA61C46E" box="[1299,1455,821,843]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">A. margaritacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female. It is situated ventrally towards the posterior end of the abdomen. Note the hardened cup and the substance covering the orifice (image: W. Landman).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B664EFFA6B5144DE0AD30FE1BC3AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14199254" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14199254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14199254/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" startId="2.[132,200,1030,1051]" targetBox="[132,1457,125,997]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36C6FFA6B5144DE0AD30FE1BC3AF" blockId="2.[132,747,1029,1162]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAD4FFA6B5144DE0AD30FF17C33E" bold="true" box="[132,217,1030,1051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Figure 4</emphasis>
|
||
– Abdomen of a female specimen. The red arrow points to the shiny black button-like structure situated at a relative distance away from the posterior tip (marked “p”). This button or sclerotized cup is part of the complex ostium bursa, which partially covers the vaginal orifice.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0B664EFFA6B5144DE0AFB7FEE5C1EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118614" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14118614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118614/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="26" startId="2.[132,200,1665,1686]" targetBox="[136,735,1190,1631]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36C6FFA6B5144DE0AFB7FEE5C1EB" blockId="2.[132,747,1664,1742]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B900EAD4FFA6B5144DE0AFB7FF2EC1B3" bold="true" box="[132,224,1665,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Figure 5</emphasis>
|
||
– The red arrow points to the shiny black button ventrally at a distance away from the posterior tip of a living female abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCB36C6FFA6B5144DE0AFDAFF15CF3D" blockId="2.[132,747,1772,2072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">
|
||
A SEM micrograph of this structure brought additional aspects into focus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134F2A43FFA6B5144C35AE3DFE5DC006" box="[337,403,1803,1827]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="2.[841,909,821,842]" captionTargetBox="[132,1457,125,997]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 6 – SEM micrograph of ostium bursa of A. margaritacea female. It is situated ventrally towards the posterior end of the abdomen. Note the hardened cup and the substance covering the orifice (image: W. Landman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14118610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14118610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="26">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is a cup that partially covers the vaginal orifice and opens into it. Inside this cup, external to or on top of the orifice, a folded substance is visible. Under a light microscope, where it was viewed prior to SEM, this substance appeared “waxy”. While preparing the specimen for SEM, Willie Landman made the same observation. The SEM micrograph shows that the substance is folded to create gaps that increase its volume.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |