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<mods:title id="D2F756D884074E545AB5F3FBE7CE195C">Contributions to the taxonomy, identification, and biogeography of the Palaearctic species of Cymodusa Holmgren (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03DD8781F216FFFA6DD0F905FD70724F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6819143" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197224749" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6819143" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD8781F216FFFA6DD0F905FD70724F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD8781F216FFFA6DD0F905FD70724F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
<subSubSection id="C36E651CF216FFFB6DD0F905FDA170AC" box="[151,632,1723,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCB3697F216FFFB6DD0F905FDA170AC" blockId="4.[151,632,1723,1750]" box="[151,632,1723,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
<heading id="D08381FBF216FFFB6DD0F905FDA170AC" bold="true" box="[151,632,1723,1750]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F216FFFB6DD0F905FDA170AC" ID-CoL="337RS" authority="(Smits van Burgst)" baseAuthorityName="Smits van Burgst" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,632,1723,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F216FFFB6DD0F905FDA170AC" bold="true" box="[151,632,1723,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F216FFFB6DD0F905FE5F70AC" bold="true" box="[151,390,1723,1750]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">Cymodusa australis</emphasis>
(Smits van Burgst)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36E651CF216FFFA6DD0F8BFFEA474FF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCB3697F216FFFB6DD0F8BFFD897163" blockId="4.[151,639,1792,1847]" box="[151,592,1792,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F216FFFB6DD0F8BFFD897163" authority="Smits van Burgst, 1913" authorityName="Smits van Burgst" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,592,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Casinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F216FFFB6DD0F8BFFE857162" box="[151,348,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">Casinaria australis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F216FFFB6C25F8BEFD897163" author="Smits van Burgst, C. A. L." box="[354,592,1792,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" refId="ref6824" refString="Smits van Burgst, C. A. L. (1913) Tunesian Hymenoptera. Privatdruck, Den Haag, 37 pp." type="book" year="1913">Smits van Burgst, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB3697F216FFFB6DD0F8A1FDA6714D" blockId="4.[151,639,1792,1847]" box="[151,639,1823,1847]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F216FFFB6DD0F8A1FDC5714D" authority="Seyrig, 1927" authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,540,1823,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pseudocymodusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancilla">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F216FFFB6DD0F8A1FE4A714D" box="[151,403,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">Pseudocymodusa ancilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F216FFFB6CDDF8A1FDC5714D" author="Seyrig, A." box="[410,540,1823,1847]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" pagination="235 - 240" refId="ref6788" refString="Seyrig, A. (1927) Travaux scientifiques de l'Armee d'Orient (1916 - 1918). Hymenopteres Ichneumonides. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 33, 235 - 240." type="journal article" year="1927">Seyrig, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B900EA85F216FFFB6F65F8A1FDA6714D" bold="true" box="[546,639,1823,1847]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357FEF216FFFB6F65F8A1FDA6714D" box="[546,639,1823,1847]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB3697F216FFFA6DD0F8DBFEA474FF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1893,2028]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F216FFFB6DD0F8DBFE7D7105" bold="true" box="[151,420,1893,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">Taxonomical remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F216FFFB6CEBF8DBFD1C7105" authorityName="Seyrig" authorityYear="1927" box="[428,709,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pseudocymodusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancilla">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F216FFFB6CEBF8DBFD1C7105" box="[428,709,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">Pseudocymodusa ancilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was included in
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F216FFFB6EC0F8DBFC247105" ID-CoL="3YHJ" authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1859" box="[903,1021,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F216FFFB6EC0F8DBFC247105" box="[903,1021,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">Cymodusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F216FFFB696FF8DBFB1B71FA" author="Aubert, J. - F." box="[1064,1218,1893,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" pagination="133 - 166" refId="ref5638" refString="Aubert, J. - F. (1959) Les Ichneumonides du rivage mediterraneen francais (Cote d'Azur) (Hym.). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 127, 133 - 166." type="journal article" year="1959">Aubert (1959</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F216FFFB6989F8DBFAD37105" author="Aubert, J. - F." box="[1230,1290,1893,1919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" pagination="847 - 878" refId="ref5677" refString="Aubert, J. - F. (1963) Les Ichneumonides du rivage Mediterraneen francais (5 e serie, Department du Var). Vie et Milieu, 14, 847 - 878." type="journal article" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
); later it was synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F216FFFB6C2BF837FD9271D9" ID-CoL="337RS" baseAuthorityName="Smits van Burgst" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[364,587,1929,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F216FFFB6C2BF837FD9271D9" box="[364,587,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">Cymodusa australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the same author (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F216FFFB6E70F837FC1371D9" author="Aubert, J. - F." box="[823,970,1929,1955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" pagination="27 - 70" refId="ref5713" refString="Aubert, J. - F. (1969) Deuxieme travail sur les Ichneumonides de Corse (Hymenoptera). Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen, 13, 27 - 70." type="journal article" year="1969">Aubert 1969</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F216FFFB6E99F837FBB171DE" author="Dbar, R. S." box="[990,1128,1929,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" pagination="588 - 600" refId="ref5921" refString="Dbar, R. S. (1985) Revision of the Palaearctic species of Cymodusa Holmgren (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). II. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 64, 588 - 600. (in Russian)" type="journal article" year="1985">Dbar (1985)</bibRefCitation>
agreed with Auberts treatment in his revision, he also considered
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F216FFFB6F2BF813FCE371BD" ID-CoL="337RN" baseAuthorityName="Seyrig" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[620,826,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancilla">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F216FFFB6F2BF813FCE371BD" box="[620,826,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">Cymodusa ancilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F216FFFB69F4F813FA4C71BD" ID-CoL="337RS" baseAuthorityName="Smits van Burgst" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[1203,1429,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F216FFFB69F4F813FA4C71BD" box="[1203,1429,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="272">Cymodusa australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F216FFFB6C4CF86CFE007191" author="Horstmann, K." box="[267,473,2001,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="272" pagination="56 - 62" refId="ref6266" refString="Horstmann, K. (1992) Typenverzeichnis der von A. Seyrig beschriebenen westpalaarktischen Ichneumonidae, mit einer Revision der Campopleginae. Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen, 41 (2), 56 - 62." type="journal article" year="1992">Horstmann (1992)</bibRefCitation>
removed it from synonymy, without any argument to support its valid specific status. Several years later
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F217FFFA6C34FF29FD9D76CB" author="Horstmann, K." box="[371,580,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" pagination="113 - 126" refId="ref6339" refString="Horstmann, K. (2013) Revisionen von Schlupfwespen-Arten XVII (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Mitteilungen der Munchen- er Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 103, 113 - 126." type="journal article" year="2013">Horstmann (2013)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out some minor differences to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F217FFFA69C8FF29FA8476CB" ID-CoL="337RN" baseAuthorityName="Seyrig" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1167,1373,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancilla">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F217FFFA69C8FF29FA8476CB" box="[1167,1373,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Cymodusa ancilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F217FFFA6DD0FF05FEAF76AF" ID-CoL="337RS" baseAuthorityName="Smits van Burgst" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,374,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F217FFFA6DD0FF05FEAF76AF" box="[151,374,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Cymodusa australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, this comparison was only applicable for males. Based on the present examination of large samples (100+ specimens), the extremely minor differences given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F217FFFA6EACFF61FB637683" author="Horstmann, K." box="[1003,1210,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" pagination="113 - 126" refId="ref6339" refString="Horstmann, K. (2013) Revisionen von Schlupfwespen-Arten XVII (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Mitteilungen der Munchen- er Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 103, 113 - 126." type="journal article" year="2013">Horstmann (2013)</bibRefCitation>
were not consistent either for males or for females. The main character to separate the females of these species was considered the absent median section of the anterior transverse carina in
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F217FFFA6E47FE99FC15773B" ID-CoL="337RN" baseAuthorityName="Seyrig" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[768,972,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancilla">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F217FFFA6E47FE99FC15773B" box="[768,972,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Cymodusa ancilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the careful examination of the
<typeStatus id="54CF8835F217FFFA6DD0FEF5FF20771F" box="[151,249,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F217FFFA6CA5FEF5FD77771F" ID-CoL="337RN" baseAuthorityName="Seyrig" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[482,686,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancilla">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F217FFFA6CA5FEF5FD77771F" box="[482,686,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Cymodusa ancilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
revealed that
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F217FFFA6E0CFEF5FC3F771F" author="Seyrig, A." box="[843,998,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" pagination="235 - 240" refId="ref6788" refString="Seyrig, A. (1927) Travaux scientifiques de l'Armee d'Orient (1916 - 1918). Hymenopteres Ichneumonides. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 33, 235 - 240." type="journal article" year="1927">Seyrig (1927)</bibRefCitation>
wrongly stated that the median section of the anterior transverse carina is absent and area basalis and area superomedia are not separated in the
<typeStatus id="54CF8835F217FFFA687DFED1FA4577F3" box="[1338,1436,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen. The median section of the anterior transverse carina is clearly present in the
<typeStatus id="54CF8835F217FFFA691CFE2DFB1977D7" box="[1115,1216,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, only slightly lower than the adjacent longitudinal carinae, therefore area basalis and area superomedia are distinctly separated. [It is worth to note that
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F217FFFA6C25FE65FE25778F" author="Seyrig, A." box="[354,508,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" pagination="235 - 240" refId="ref6788" refString="Seyrig, A. (1927) Travaux scientifiques de l'Armee d'Orient (1916 - 1918). Hymenopteres Ichneumonides. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 33, 235 - 240." type="journal article" year="1927">Seyrig (1927)</bibRefCitation>
also failed to recognise the otherwise present pilosity of the eyes, as pointed out by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F217FFFA6DD0FE41FEE77463" author="Aubert, J. - F." box="[151,318,510,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" pagination="133 - 166" refId="ref5638" refString="Aubert, J. - F. (1959) Les Ichneumonides du rivage mediterraneen francais (Cote d'Azur) (Hym.). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 127, 133 - 166." type="journal article" year="1959">Aubert (1959)</bibRefCitation>
.] Since it turned out that the median section of anterior transverse carina is present in the
<typeStatus id="54CF8835F217FFFA687DFE41FA457463" box="[1338,1436,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F217FFFA6DF0FD9DFE5D7447" ID-CoL="337RN" baseAuthorityName="Seyrig" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[183,388,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancilla">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F217FFFA6DF0FD9DFE5D7447" box="[183,388,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Cymodusa ancilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, similarly to
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F217FFFA6F5AFD9DFD277447" ID-CoL="337RS" baseAuthorityName="Smits van Burgst" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[541,766,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F217FFFA6F5AFD9DFD277447" box="[541,766,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Cymodusa australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and no other reliable and consistent morphological difference were found to distinguish these species,
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F217FFFA6FD3FDF9FC86741B" ID-CoL="337RN" baseAuthorityName="Seyrig" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[660,863,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancilla">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F217FFFA6FD3FDF9FC86741B" box="[660,863,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Cymodusa ancilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered again a junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F217FFFA6DD0FDD5FEAF74FF" ID-CoL="337RS" baseAuthorityName="Smits van Burgst" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,374,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F217FFFA6DD0FDD5FEAF74FF" box="[151,374,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Cymodusa australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E651CF217FFFA6D80FD30FD70724F" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCB3697F217FFFA6D80FD30FD70724F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F217FFFA6D80FD30FE9B74D2" bold="true" box="[199,322,654,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C744D14F217FFFA6C0CFD31FDF574D3" baseAuthorityName="Smits van Burgst" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[331,556,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cymodusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B900EA85F217FFFA6C0CFD31FDF574D3" box="[331,556,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Cymodusa australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits considerable intraspecific variability in size and colouration of legs (however, on a morphological basis it was not possible to delimit reliably distinguishable subgroups due to the overlapping character states). Females of the species can be distinguished from the other Palaearctic species of the “australis” species group (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B66F217FFFA6F4EFD45FD47756F" author="Dbar, R. S." box="[521,670,762,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" pagination="588 - 600" refId="ref5921" refString="Dbar, R. S. (1985) Revision of the Palaearctic species of Cymodusa Holmgren (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). II. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 64, 588 - 600. (in Russian)" type="journal article" year="1985">Dbar (1985))</bibRefCitation>
by the following. Ovipositor sheath 0.80.9× as long as hind tibia. Propodeal carination as in
<figureCitation id="134F2A12F217FFFA6C87FCA1FDFA7543" box="[448,547,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 18" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,395,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-103@3.[151,1436,381,1853]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 18. Morphological details of Cymodusa species. 15, Cymodusa irata sp. nov.; 1, habitus (holotype); 2, head, female; 3, areolet; 4, propodeum; 5, head, male; 6, Cymodusa nigra Šedivý, propodeum; 78, Cymodusa australis (Smits van Burgst), propodeum, variations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6810176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6810176/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="273">Figs 78</figureCitation>
; note that costulae are often obsolescent distally but proximally always discernible, area superomedia is never conspicuously elongate, and area petiolaris is always wide. Nervellus intercepted by the spectral discoidella. Tegula yellowish, metasoma black, second and often third tergites with posterior margins reddish, hind femur orange to dark brownish, hind tibia orange to brownish, basally with a paler spot (which is variably distinct but always discernible), subbasally and apically more or less darkened. The identification of males is often difficult, only the typical males can be identified reliably, since the males of some, more or less similar species are unknown, and males lack several important specific characters of females such as convergence of eyes and ovipositor length. Body length ca.
<quantity id="4C8C9B72F217FFFA6F5CFBA4FD7C724F" box="[539,677,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="4.5">4.57.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>