384 lines
61 KiB
XML
384 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="E1C9EC85CEFE8A25C22F2550E43CF647" ID-CLB-Dataset="30671" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4384.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="497df965-0e55-4236-8213-78dcf6dab5df" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1183455" ID-ZooBank="18DD1320-7914-4E09-A46C-707069DC69F5" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1519378400557" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Garg, Sonali, Senevirathne, Gayani, Wijayathilaka, Nayana, Phuge, Samadhan, Deuti, Kaushik, Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum, Meegaskumbura, Madhava & Biju, Sd" docDate="2018" docId="03D4A4166C2F945FFF5ACBEBFD1BFB7B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4384.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4384 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Uperodon globulosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFEDDC6E6C3D944BFFCDCC6AFFA0FFBF" masterDocTitle="An integrative taxonomic review of the South Asian microhylid genus Uperodon" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698524435319" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C96E2B4E6AC04F6197603F00BEC0EEB1">An integrative taxonomic review of the South Asian microhylid genus Uperodon</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="766B82A9E3506F80A4AF35BB5EB8FFAF">Garg, Sonali</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EEFB105B75B64DA3ADF40872EEF1163F">Senevirathne, Gayani</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A83883CF0D2D459949FCB5FF09458693">Wijayathilaka, Nayana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E8C255D33077695A3093E318D11C0EA4">Deuti, Kaushik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="111C70BE677832C5B8E57836751BDE59">Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8A110569ADD42825A6961ED30F6058E5">Meegaskumbura, Madhava</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E90E728DDF5D0FF7A5D710337A29857C">Biju, Sd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B435DD8D2106424F5DA87BACE4E46C54">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="6ED304B91E71AEAA4B2217E49DF47ED5">4384</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D4A4166C2F945FFF5ACBEBFD1BFB7B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587701" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141119096" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587701" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D4A4166C2F945FFF5ACBEBFD1BFB7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4A4166C2F945FFF5ACBEBFD1BFB7B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C367468B6C2F9459FF5ACBEBFD30F802" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C2F9459FF5ACBEBFD65F824" blockId="18.[151,709,1921,2017]" box="[151,709,1921,1947]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="D08AA26C6C2F9459FF5ACBEBFD65F824" bold="true" box="[151,709,1921,1947]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C2F9459FF5ACBEBFD65F824" bold="true" box="[151,709,1921,1947]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2F9459FF5ACBEBFE39F824" ID-CoL="7DLVM" box="[151,409,1921,1947]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C2F9459FF5ACBEBFE39F824" bold="true" box="[151,409,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Uperodon globulosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C2F9459FE65CBEBFDFCF824" author="Gunther, A. C. L. G." bookContentInfo="452 pp." box="[424,604,1921,1947]" journalOrPublisher="Hardwicke, London" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref44945" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1864 " 1863 ") The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society by R. Hardwicke, London, 452 pp." title="1863 ") The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society by R" type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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“1863”)
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C2F9459FF5ACBCEFD30F802" blockId="18.[151,709,1921,2017]" box="[151,656,1956,1981]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Indian Globular Frog (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C2F9459FE5ECBCEFD28F802" author="Frank, N. & Ramus, E." bookContentInfo="377 pp." box="[403,648,1956,1981]" journalOrPublisher="N. G. Publishing Inc, Pottsville, Pennsylvania" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref36940" refString="Frank, N. & Ramus, E. (1995) Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of the World. N. G. Publishing Inc, Pottsville, Pennsylvania, 377 pp." title="Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of the World" type="book" year="1995">Frank & Ramus 1995</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C367468B6C2F9458FF5ACBA2FBB9FEA2" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C2F9459FF5ACBA2FDDCF85F" blockId="18.[151,709,1921,2017]" box="[151,636,1992,2017]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="134609856C2F9459FF52CBA2FF4CF85F" box="[159,236,1992,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,199,1603]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,195,1608]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on 511 bp of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences from 73 individuals representing all known members of the genus Uperodon. Three samples representing taxon under synonymy are shown inquotationmarks.Outgroup not shown for graphical purposes.BayesianPosterior Probabilities and bootstrap values of>50 are shown above and below the branches, respectively. Values towards the species labels represent mean uncorrected genetic distances between the species with range values in parentheses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183457/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C2F9459FF37CBA2FEE0F85F" box="[250,320,1992,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,196,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1595]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Geographic distribution of the genus Uperodon in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; B. Distributionof Uperodon globulosus, U. systomaand U.taprobanicus; C. Distribution of four endemic Uperodon species of the Western Ghats (excluding the widely distributed Indian member U. variegatus, shown in Fig.12A); D. Distribution of four endemic Uperdodon species of Sri Lanka. Details of localities reported in the present study are provided in Table 1. Records from literature are listed in supplementary Table S1 and indicated here based onapproximate coordinates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183459/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2A–B</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C2F9459FE86CBA2FECEF85F" box="[331,366,1992,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C2F9459FEB7CBA2FE1EF85F" box="[378,446,1992,2016]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,832,854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,206,811]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,811]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–D. Uperodon systoma (Syntype, ZMB 3551) in preservation: A. lateral view of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E–F. Uperodon systoma (SDBDU 2005.2732, female) in life:E. dorsolateral view; F. anterior view; G–J.Uperodon globulosus (Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) in preservation:G. lateral view of head; H. ventral view of hand; I. ventral view of foot; J. schematic illustration of foot webbing; K–L. Uperodon globulosus (SDBDU 2014.2672, male) in life: K. anterior view (not preserved); L. dorsolateral view; M–P. Uperodon taprobanicus (Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) in preservation:M. lateral view of head; N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Images: SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183463/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4G–L</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C2F9459FE04CBA2FE4DF85E" box="[457,493,1992,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1093,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1087,1567]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral surface of the palate in Uperodon species showing vomerine odontophores separated or fused with dermal projectionsand/or neopalatinalridgeson posterior sides ofthe choanae (indicated witharrows).A. Uperodon systoma, SDBDU 2005.2787 (female) and SDBDU 2005.2806 (male); B. Uperodon globulosus, SDBDU 2014.2673 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4762 (female); C. Uperodon taprobanicus, SDBDU 2007.6364 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4732A (male); D. Uperodon anamalaiensis, SDBDU 2013.2302 (female) and SDBDU 2002.3050 (male); E. Uperodon montanus, SDBDU 2002.24B (female) and SDBDU 2003.40115 (male); F. Uperodon mormorata, SDBDU 2011.507 (male) and SDBDU 2012.43 (male); G. Uperodon obscurus, DZ 1366 (male); H. Uperodon palmatus, DZ 1331 (male); I. Uperodon triangularis, SDBDU 2007.6400 (female) and ZSI/WGRC/V/A/959 (male); J. Uperodon variegatus, SDBDU 2005.4726 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4727 (male); K.Uperodon rohani sp. nov., DZ 1521 (male).(Images:SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183465/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5B</figureCitation>
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||
;
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<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C2F9459FE34CBA2FDD3F85F" box="[505,627,1992,2017]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStart-2="TABLE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,239,1593,1616]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,239,1084,1107]" captionStartId-2="48.[119,193,547,566]" captionTargetBox-2="[135,1884,616,1625]" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Collection localities for the genetically and/or morphologically studied Uperodon samples in the present study." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Samples used for the molecular study." captionText-2="TABLE 4. Morphometric measurements of Uperodon species.All measurements are in millimetres (mm). The status of each specimen is given after the museum number:Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Lectotype (LT), Syntype (ST)." httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid-2="DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89">Tables 1–4</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C2E9458FF5ACCFDFBB9FEA2" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FF5ACCFDFD80FF0F" bold="true" box="[151,544,151,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Original name and description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FDE0CCF2FD2FFF10" box="[557,655,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cacopus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FD50CCFDFC6BFF0F" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[669,971,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FD50CCFDFCB6FF0F" box="[669,790,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">globulosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C2E9458FCE9CCFDFC6BFF0F" author="Gunther, A. C. L. G." bookContentInfo="452 pp." box="[804,971,151,176]" journalOrPublisher="Hardwicke, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref44945" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1864 " 1863 ") The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society by R. Hardwicke, London, 452 pp." title="1863 ") The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society by R" type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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“1863”.
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FBF0CCFDFA35FF0F" box="[1085,1429,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FBB8CCFDFB6FFF0F" authorityName="Linnæus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1141,1231,151,176]" class="Amphibia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Reptiles" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Reptiles</taxonomicName>
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of British India
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</emphasis>
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. London: Ray Society by R. Hardwicke, p. 416.
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FD79CCD6FC86FF6A" bold="true" box="[692,806,188,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Syntypes.</emphasis>
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NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) and NHM 62.12.29.3 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.77).
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FD9FCCB5FD52FF47" bold="true" box="[594,754,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type locality.</emphasis>
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“Russelconda (Madras Presidency)”, India.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FB21CCB5FEFDFEA2" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Current status of specific name.</emphasis>
|
||
Valid name, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FDC2CD6EFCA0FEA2" box="[527,768,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FDC2CD6EFCA0FEA2" box="[527,768,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Uperodon globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C2E9458FCC3CD6EFC11FEA2" author="Gunther, A. C. L. G." bookContentInfo="452 pp." box="[782,945,260,285]" journalOrPublisher="Hardwicke, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref44945" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1864 " 1863 ") The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society by R. Hardwicke, London, 452 pp." title="1863 ") The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society by R" type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
“1863”).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C367468B6C2E9458FF0ACD4DFBB4FC77" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C2E9458FF0ACD4DFC58FD82" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FF0ACD4DFEEFFEFF" bold="true" box="[199,335,295,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C2E9458FDA2CD4DFCABFEFF" author="Gunther, A. C. L. G." bookContentInfo="452 pp." box="[623,779,295,320]" journalOrPublisher="Hardwicke, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref44945" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1864 " 1863 ") The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society by R. Hardwicke, London, 452 pp." title="1863 ") The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society by R" type="book" year="1864">Günther 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
“1863”) mentions that “two specimens” (= syntypes) from “Russelconda (Madras Presidency)” collected by Dr. Trail were used for the description of this species. We examined the two syntypes available at NHM, London: (1) a gravid female, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97), SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C2E9458FEB1CDFEFE41FE13" box="[380,481,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.74" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="67.4">67.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and (2) a sub-adult, NHM 62.12.29.3 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.77), SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C2E9458FACDCDFEFAC7FE13" box="[1280,1383,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="26.9">26.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The female specimen that is also illustrated with the original description (Plate XXVI, Fig. K) was found to be in relatively good condition (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C2E9458FE1BCDB6FD95FE4B" box="[470,565,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Since the original description was brief, we herein provide a detailed description of the adult female specimen, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) that may serve as a reference for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FF73CE4EFE10FD82" box="[190,432,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FF73CE4EFE10FD82" box="[190,432,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Uperodon globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C2E9458FE73CE4EFDC0FD82" author="Gunther, A. C. L. G." bookContentInfo="452 pp." box="[446,608,548,573]" journalOrPublisher="Hardwicke, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref44945" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1864 " 1863 ") The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society by R. Hardwicke, London, 452 pp." title="1863 ") The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society by R" type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
“1863”) in future taxonomic works.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C2E9458FF0ACE2DFBB4FC77" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FF0ACE2DFEC1FDDF" bold="true" box="[199,353,583,608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Comparison.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FEA5CE2DFDF8FDDF" box="[360,600,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FEA5CE2DFDF8FDDF" box="[360,600,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Uperodon globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other known members of the genus, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FB3CCE23FACDFDDF" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[1265,1389,585,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="systoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FB3CCE23FACDFDDF" box="[1265,1389,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">U. systoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FF5ACE07FEEFFD3A" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[151,335,620,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FF5ACE07FEEFFD3A" box="[151,335,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">U. taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by its larger snout-vent size, male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C2E9458FCE0CE06FC0AFD3B" box="[813,938,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="53.5" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="51.0">51–56 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C2E9458FB81CE06FB68FD3B" box="[1100,1224,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="69.0" valueMax="72.0" valueMin="66.0">66–72 mm</quantity>
|
||
(vs. smaller, male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C2E9458FF1FCEFAFEEDFD18" box="[210,333,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="30.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="21.0">21–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C2E9458FE2BCEFAFDC3FD17" box="[486,611,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="28.0">28–43 mm</quantity>
|
||
); tips of fingers rounded, without discs (vs. finger tips enlarged into discs, except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FECACEDFFE25FD73" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[263,389,693,716]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="systoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FECACEDFFE25FD73" box="[263,389,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">U. systoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and presence of two prominent dermal projections on the neopalatinal ridges on posterior side of each choana, narrowly separated from the vomerine odontophores (vs. dermal projections widely separated from the vomerine odontophores in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FDF2CE97FD1FFCAB" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[575,703,765,788]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="systoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FDF2CE97FD1FFCAB" box="[575,703,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">U. systoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; indistinct or weakly to well-developed neopalatinal ridges on posterior side of each choana, fused with the vomerine odontophores in all other species) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C2E9458FB74CF75FAB4FC87" box="[1209,1300,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1093,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1087,1567]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral surface of the palate in Uperodon species showing vomerine odontophores separated or fused with dermal projectionsand/or neopalatinalridgeson posterior sides ofthe choanae (indicated witharrows).A. Uperodon systoma, SDBDU 2005.2787 (female) and SDBDU 2005.2806 (male); B. Uperodon globulosus, SDBDU 2014.2673 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4762 (female); C. Uperodon taprobanicus, SDBDU 2007.6364 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4732A (male); D. Uperodon anamalaiensis, SDBDU 2013.2302 (female) and SDBDU 2002.3050 (male); E. Uperodon montanus, SDBDU 2002.24B (female) and SDBDU 2003.40115 (male); F. Uperodon mormorata, SDBDU 2011.507 (male) and SDBDU 2012.43 (male); G. Uperodon obscurus, DZ 1366 (male); H. Uperodon palmatus, DZ 1331 (male); I. Uperodon triangularis, SDBDU 2007.6400 (female) and ZSI/WGRC/V/A/959 (male); J. Uperodon variegatus, SDBDU 2005.4726 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4727 (male); K.Uperodon rohani sp. nov., DZ 1521 (male).(Images:SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183465/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FAE6CF75FEB0FCE2" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FAE6CF75FEB0FCE2" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Uperodon globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from all other known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FD7CCF2EFC82FCE2" authorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[689,802,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FD7CCF2EFC82FCE2" box="[689,802,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Uperodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FC28CF2FFB3FFCE2" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[997,1183,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FC28CF2FFC59FCE3" box="[997,1017,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">U</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FBC1CF2EFB3FFCE2" box="[1036,1183,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having undivided prevomers (vs. divided prevomers), and differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FD3DCF03FC07FC3F" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[752,935,871,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FD3DCF03FC07FC3F" box="[752,935,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">U. taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its dorsum being light brown to greyishbrown without any prominent markings (vs. light to dark grey with prominent red or reddish-orange blotches). For more differences with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FE5ECFDBFDAFFC77" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[403,527,945,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="systoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FE5ECFDBFDAFFC77" box="[403,527,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">U. systoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
see the ‘Comparison’ section for that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C367468B6C2E945FFF0ACFBEFD1BFB7B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C2E9458FF0ACFBEFB2BFBE7" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FF0ACFBEFE12FC52" bold="true" box="[199,434,980,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Genetic divergence.</emphasis>
|
||
For 16S mitochondrial gene sequences, intraspecific variation was not observed between the sampled populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FE2DCF9DFD75FBAF" box="[480,725,1015,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FE2DCF9DFD75FBAF" box="[480,725,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Uperodon globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FD26CF93FD5EFBAF" box="[747,766,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3). Genetically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FC2CCF93FB21FBAF" box="[993,1153,1015,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FC2CCF93FB21FBAF" box="[993,1153,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">U. globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C2E9458FA4CCF93FF51FB8B" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="systoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FA4CCF93FF51FB8B" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">U. systoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it was found to differ by an average uncorrected genetic distance of 3.5% (range 3.2–4.0%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FA44C877FA3CFB8B" box="[1417,1436,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 18). For interspecific genetic distances with all other members of the genus, see Table 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C2E9458FF0AC80EFC16F978" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FF0AC80EFD08FBC2" bold="true" box="[199,680,1124,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C6ABA26C2E9458FEB4C80EFE76FBC2" box="[377,470,1124,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, NHM 62.12.29.4
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(measurements in mm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C2E9458FC09C80EFB88FBC3" box="[964,1064,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C2E9458FBF8C80EFBD5FBC3" box="[1077,1141,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,832,854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,206,811]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,811]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–D. Uperodon systoma (Syntype, ZMB 3551) in preservation: A. lateral view of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E–F. Uperodon systoma (SDBDU 2005.2732, female) in life:E. dorsolateral view; F. anterior view; G–J.Uperodon globulosus (Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) in preservation:G. lateral view of head; H. ventral view of hand; I. ventral view of foot; J. schematic illustration of foot webbing; K–L. Uperodon globulosus (SDBDU 2014.2672, male) in life: K. anterior view (not preserved); L. dorsolateral view; M–P. Uperodon taprobanicus (Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) in preservation:M. lateral view of head; N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Images: SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183463/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">4G–J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Large-sized (SVL 67.4), globular and robust adult female; head small (HW 19.2, HL 13.0, IFE 9.7, IBE 13.9), about one-fifth (19.3%) of body length, wider than long (HW/HL ratio 1.5); snout nearly truncate in dorsal and ventral view, obtuse in lateral view, its length (SL 7.7) more than twice as long as horizontal diameter of eye (EL 3.6); loreal region obtuse, with rounded canthus rostralis; interorbital space over three times wider (IUE 8.8) than upper eyelid width (UEW 2.7); nostril oval without lateral flap of skin, closer to tip of snout (NS 2.8) than to eye (EN 3.3); tympanum not visible externally, distinct supratympanic fold extending from posterior corner of upper eyelid near to insertion of forelimb at axilla; eye diameter (EL 3.6); vomerine odontophores present on the palate, prominent, without teeth; presence of two prominent dermal projections on the neopalatinal ridges on posterior side of each choana, narrowly separated from the vomerine odontophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C2E9458FD5FC9CDFD4DFA7F" box="[658,749,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1093,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1087,1567]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral surface of the palate in Uperodon species showing vomerine odontophores separated or fused with dermal projectionsand/or neopalatinalridgeson posterior sides ofthe choanae (indicated witharrows).A. Uperodon systoma, SDBDU 2005.2787 (female) and SDBDU 2005.2806 (male); B. Uperodon globulosus, SDBDU 2014.2673 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4762 (female); C. Uperodon taprobanicus, SDBDU 2007.6364 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4732A (male); D. Uperodon anamalaiensis, SDBDU 2013.2302 (female) and SDBDU 2002.3050 (male); E. Uperodon montanus, SDBDU 2002.24B (female) and SDBDU 2003.40115 (male); F. Uperodon mormorata, SDBDU 2011.507 (male) and SDBDU 2012.43 (male); G. Uperodon obscurus, DZ 1366 (male); H. Uperodon palmatus, DZ 1331 (male); I. Uperodon triangularis, SDBDU 2007.6400 (female) and ZSI/WGRC/V/A/959 (male); J. Uperodon variegatus, SDBDU 2005.4726 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4727 (male); K.Uperodon rohani sp. nov., DZ 1521 (male).(Images:SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183465/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
); tongue moderately large, rounded, shallowly emarginated. Forelimbs moderately short and strong, forearm (FAL 14.5) shorter than hand length (HAL 18.0); finger length formula IV<I<II<III; tips of all fingers rounded, without discs; webbing absent between fingers; subarticular tubercles weakly-developed, oval, all present; two well-developed palmar tubercles (inner, oval,
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C2E9458FB19CA7EFAB5F993" box="[1236,1301,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; outer, bilobed,
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C2E9458FF37CA52FE9BF9EF" box="[250,315,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long). Hind limbs relatively short and strong, thigh length (TL 29.1) longer than shank (SHL 21.7) and foot (FOL 26.5); tips of all toes rounded, without discs; webbing present, small:
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C2E9458FB84CA35FBFFF9C8" box="[1097,1119,1631,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">I1</date>
|
||
1/2
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FBBACA34FB25F9C8" bold="true" box="[1143,1157,1630,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">–</emphasis>
|
||
2–
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C2E9458FB57CA35FB1BF9C8" box="[1178,1211,1631,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">II2</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FB0ECA34FB71F9C8" bold="true" box="[1219,1233,1630,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">–</emphasis>
|
||
3–
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C2E9458FB2BCA35FAB0F9C8" box="[1254,1296,1631,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">III2</date>
|
||
1/2
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FAEACA34FA95F9C8" bold="true" box="[1319,1333,1630,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">–</emphasis>
|
||
3 1/2
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C2E9458FA96CA35FA26F9C8" box="[1371,1414,1631,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">IV4</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FA43CA34FA3CF9C8" bold="true" box="[1422,1436,1630,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">–</emphasis>
|
||
2 1/
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C2E9458FF79CAFDFF72F91F" box="[180,210,1673,1701]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2V</date>
|
||
; well-developed dermal fringes present on all toes; subarticular tubercles weakly-developed, oval, all present; two shovel-shaped metatarsal tubercles (inner,
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C2E9458FD68CAC5FD5EF978" box="[677,766,1711,1736]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="8.6">8.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; outer,
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C2E9458FC9DCAC5FC0AF978" box="[848,938,1711,1735]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C2E9458FF0ACAB9FEA4F88C" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Skin of dorsum, sides of head, and dorsal parts of forelimb, thigh, tibia and tarsus, shagreened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C2E9458FAFFCAB9FA2DF954" box="[1330,1421,1747,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior parts of thigh, especially cloacal region, distinctly granular. Ventral surfaces shagreened and wrinkled (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C2E9458FF52CB71FF57F88C" box="[159,247,1819,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C2E945FFF0ACB55FE5EFF6B" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,2024]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,1221]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FF0ACB55FEFFF8E7" bold="true" box="[199,351,1855,1880]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FEA1CB2AFDBEF8E8" box="[364,542,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">In preservation</emphasis>
|
||
(NHM 62.12.29.4): Dorsum brown, flanks light greyish-brown; forelimbs, dorsal surfaces of thigh, shank and foot, dark greyish-brown; chest, belly, and ventral surfaces of thigh, tibia and foot, light greyish-brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C2E9458FE0CCBEDFD84F820" box="[449,548,1927,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C2E9458FDFDCBEDFDCFF820" box="[560,623,1927,1951]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,832,854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,206,811]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,811]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–D. Uperodon systoma (Syntype, ZMB 3551) in preservation: A. lateral view of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E–F. Uperodon systoma (SDBDU 2005.2732, female) in life:E. dorsolateral view; F. anterior view; G–J.Uperodon globulosus (Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) in preservation:G. lateral view of head; H. ventral view of hand; I. ventral view of foot; J. schematic illustration of foot webbing; K–L. Uperodon globulosus (SDBDU 2014.2672, male) in life: K. anterior view (not preserved); L. dorsolateral view; M–P. Uperodon taprobanicus (Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) in preservation:M. lateral view of head; N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Images: SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183463/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">4G–I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C2E9458FD4FCBE2FD65F81F" box="[642,709,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">In life</emphasis>
|
||
(SDBDU 2014.2672): Dorsum greyish-brown, dorsal surface of head grey with bluish tinge, lateral surfaces of head and flank lighter in colour compared to dorsum, with yellow tinge; forelimbs, dorsal surfaces of thigh, shank and foot, greyish-brown with yellow tinge; throat, chest, and belly, greyish-white without any markings; ventral surfaces of forelimb, thigh, tibia and foot, light grey with cream coloured blotches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C29945FFEA1CCD6FE51FF6B" box="[364,497,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,832,854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,206,811]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,811]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–D. Uperodon systoma (Syntype, ZMB 3551) in preservation: A. lateral view of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E–F. Uperodon systoma (SDBDU 2005.2732, female) in life:E. dorsolateral view; F. anterior view; G–J.Uperodon globulosus (Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) in preservation:G. lateral view of head; H. ventral view of hand; I. ventral view of foot; J. schematic illustration of foot webbing; K–L. Uperodon globulosus (SDBDU 2014.2672, male) in life: K. anterior view (not preserved); L. dorsolateral view; M–P. Uperodon taprobanicus (Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) in preservation:M. lateral view of head; N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Images: SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183463/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs. 4K–L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C29945FFF0ACCB5FC57FEA2" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFF0ACCB5FEEAFF47" bold="true" box="[199,330,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Variations.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric measurements for five specimens are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C29945FFC36CCB5FBF0FF47" box="[1019,1104,223,248]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="48.[119,193,547,566]" captionTargetBox="[135,1884,616,1625]" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometric measurements of Uperodon species.All measurements are in millimetres (mm). The status of each specimen is given after the museum number:Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Lectotype (LT), Syntype (ST)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" tableUuid="DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
. SDBDU 2014.2673 (female) has prominent neopalatinal ridges on posterior side of each choana (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C29945FFC5CCD6EFC4AFEA2" box="[913,1002,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1093,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1087,1567]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral surface of the palate in Uperodon species showing vomerine odontophores separated or fused with dermal projectionsand/or neopalatinalridgeson posterior sides ofthe choanae (indicated witharrows).A. Uperodon systoma, SDBDU 2005.2787 (female) and SDBDU 2005.2806 (male); B. Uperodon globulosus, SDBDU 2014.2673 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4762 (female); C. Uperodon taprobanicus, SDBDU 2007.6364 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4732A (male); D. Uperodon anamalaiensis, SDBDU 2013.2302 (female) and SDBDU 2002.3050 (male); E. Uperodon montanus, SDBDU 2002.24B (female) and SDBDU 2003.40115 (male); F. Uperodon mormorata, SDBDU 2011.507 (male) and SDBDU 2012.43 (male); G. Uperodon obscurus, DZ 1366 (male); H. Uperodon palmatus, DZ 1331 (male); I. Uperodon triangularis, SDBDU 2007.6400 (female) and ZSI/WGRC/V/A/959 (male); J. Uperodon variegatus, SDBDU 2005.4726 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4727 (male); K.Uperodon rohani sp. nov., DZ 1521 (male).(Images:SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183465/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C29945FFF0ACD4DFBF1FEDB" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFF0ACD4DFD88FEFF" bold="true" box="[199,552,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Male (SDBDU 2014.2672): single vocal sac externally visible on the lower jaw; female (syntype): ova white, pigmented on pole (diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C29945FFC92CD26FC48FEDB" box="[863,1000,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFC39CD27FBA7FEDB" box="[1012,1031,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C29945FFF0ACD05FBB0FD72" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFF0ACD05FE67FE37" bold="true" box="[199,455,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tadpole morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
In dorsal view, tadpoles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFCDECD05FBA7FE37" box="[787,1031,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFCDECD05FBA7FE37" box="[787,1031,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Uperodon globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gosner stage 32,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFB25CD1BFB5BFE37" box="[1256,1275,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) have an elliptical body with narrower and shorter anterior region, wider and longer posterior region; snout appears rounded in dorsal and lateral view (from eyes to base of upper labium); eyes small, bulbous, positioned laterally; umbraculum absent; nasolacrimal duct absent; narial depressions clearly visible in lateral view, located much closer to snout than to eyes, pigmentation not visible around nasal depressions; sinistral spiracle present, opening located at ventral tail-musculature margin; tubular vent tube present posteriorly, with aperture opening medially in line with plane of the ventral fin; tail ends bluntly, composed of bilateral myotomic muscle masses divided by Vshaped septa, with unequal membranes on either side of tail musculature, tail musculature extends up to the end of tail tip; dorsal fins originate after tail-body junction, margin of lower fin not parallel to the margin of tail muscle; mouth (oral disc) absent, keratodonts and jaw sheaths not seen, papillae absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C29945FFF0ACEB2FC48FC1A" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Measurements (mm) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFE0CCEB3FE74FD4F" box="[449,468,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1): Lateral measurements include, maximum height of body (bh) = 3.66, maximum width of body (bw) = 5.98, maximum diameter of eye (ed) = 0.40, internarial distance (nn) = 2.07, naro-pupular distance (np) = 2.58, rostro-narial distance (rn) = 0.02, interpupular distance (pp) = 5.78, distance from tip of snout to opening of spiracle (ss) = 4.55, distance from tip of snout to insertion of upper tail fin (su) = 6.60, snout-vent length (svl) = 7.74, total length (tl) = 19.15, distance from vent to tip of tail (vt) = 11.60, maximum height of tail (ht) = 4.95, tail muscle height (tmh) = 1.61, tail muscle width (tmw) = 1.35.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C29945FFF0ACFC5FD1BFB7B" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFF0ACFC5FD37FC77" bold="true" box="[199,663,943,968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Geographical distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C29945FFD52CFC5FC31FC77" box="[671,913,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C29945FFD52CFC5FC31FC77" box="[671,913,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Uperodon globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C29945FFB6ECFC5FB7DFC77" box="[1187,1245,943,968]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and neighboring regions in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C29945FFED9CFBEFE3AFC52" box="[276,410,980,1005]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C29945FFE65CFBEFE59FC52" box="[424,505,980,1005]" name="Bhutan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C29945FFDFBCFBEFDD9FC52" box="[566,633,980,1005]" name="Nepal" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C29945FFD46CFBEFD46FC53" box="[651,742,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,196,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1595]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Geographic distribution of the genus Uperodon in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; B. Distributionof Uperodon globulosus, U. systomaand U.taprobanicus; C. Distribution of four endemic Uperodon species of the Western Ghats (excluding the widely distributed Indian member U. variegatus, shown in Fig.12A); D. Distribution of four endemic Uperdodon species of Sri Lanka. Details of localities reported in the present study are provided in Table 1. Records from literature are listed in supplementary Table S1 and indicated here based onapproximate coordinates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183459/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C29945FFCEDCFBEFCFCFC52" box="[800,860,980,1005]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species has been reported from the states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C29945FFF5ACF9DFEEEFBAF" box="[151,334,1015,1040]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C29945FFE94CF9DFE48FBAF" box="[345,488,1015,1040]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C29945FFE39CF9DFDEBFBAF" box="[500,587,1015,1040]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C29945FFD9BCF9DFD08FBAF" box="[598,680,1015,1040]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Odisha</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C29945FFD79CF9DFCD2FBAF" box="[692,882,1015,1040]" country="India" name="Madhya Pradesh" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Madhya Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C29945FFCB2CF9DFBB1FBAF" box="[895,1041,1015,1040]" country="India" name="Chhattisgarh" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Chhattisgarh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C29945FFBD1CF92FB19FBAF" box="[1052,1209,1015,1040]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C29945FFB09CF9DFA9AFBAF" box="[1220,1338,1015,1040]" country="India" name="Jharkhand" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Jharkhand</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C29945FFA8BCF9DFA38FBAF" box="[1350,1432,1015,1040]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Odisha</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C29945FFF5AC877FE87FB8A" box="[151,295,1052,1077]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C29945FFEFFC876FEDEFB8B" box="[306,382,1052,1076]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Assam</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C29945FFE7EC876FD28FB8A" box="[435,648,1052,1077]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
(for detailed list of localities and references thereto see supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C29945FFF5AC855FF5DFBE7" box="[151,253,1087,1112]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1593,1616]" captionText="TABLE 1. Collection localities for the genetically and/or morphologically studied Uperodon samples in the present study." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
). In the present study, we collected specimens from temporary pools and puddles inside the Pune city (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C29945FFF53C80EFF58FBC3" box="[158,248,1124,1149]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1593,1616]" captionText="TABLE 1. Collection localities for the genetically and/or morphologically studied Uperodon samples in the present study." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). At Tamhini Ghats, a large number of males were observed on the road passing through open or agricultural areas, immediately after the first monsoon showers. See ‘Natural history and breeding’ observations in the respective section, after the species accounts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |