428 lines
58 KiB
XML
428 lines
58 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B5017A4CDE85B918157BCF4D93560B96">An integrative taxonomic review of the South Asian microhylid genus Uperodon</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6470352E0F4BE2699F76C3DE836264E4">Deuti, Kaushik</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D4A4166C1F9468FF5ACEDEFB67F84D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587717" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141119103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587717" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D4A4166C1F9468FF5ACEDEFB67F84D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4A4166C1F9468FF5ACEDEFB67F84D" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C1F9469FF5ACEDEFD9EFD71" blockId="34.[151,750,692,787]" box="[151,574,692,718]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FF5ACEDEFD9EFD71" ID-CoL="7DM7J" authority="(Parker, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[151,574,692,718]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FF5ACEDEFD9EFD71" bold="true" box="[151,574,692,718]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FF5ACEDEFE25FD71" bold="true" box="[151,389,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Uperodon palmatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C1F9469FE59CEDEFD96FD71" author="Parker, H. W." bookContentInfo="208 pp." box="[404,566,692,718]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref38477" refString="Parker, H. W. (1934) A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 208 pp." title="A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae" type="book" year="1934">Parker, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C1F9469FF5ACEBCFE3AFD50" blockId="34.[151,750,692,787]" box="[151,410,726,751]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Parker’s Globular Frog</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C367468B6C1F9469FF5ACE90FABEFA19" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C1F9469FF5ACE90FD4EFCAC" blockId="34.[151,750,692,787]" box="[151,750,762,787]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134609856C1F9469FF52CE90FF4CFCAC" box="[159,236,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1632,1654]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,199,1603]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,195,1608]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on 511 bp of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences from 73 individuals representing all known members of the genus Uperodon. Three samples representing taxon under synonymy are shown inquotationmarks.Outgroup not shown for graphical purposes.BayesianPosterior Probabilities and bootstrap values of>50 are shown above and below the branches, respectively. Values towards the species labels represent mean uncorrected genetic distances between the species with range values in parentheses." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183457/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C1F9469FF37CE91FEEFFCAC" box="[250,335,763,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,196,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1595]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Geographic distribution of the genus Uperodon in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; B. Distributionof Uperodon globulosus, U. systomaand U.taprobanicus; C. Distribution of four endemic Uperodon species of the Western Ghats (excluding the widely distributed Indian member U. variegatus, shown in Fig.12A); D. Distribution of four endemic Uperdodon species of Sri Lanka. Details of localities reported in the present study are provided in Table 1. Records from literature are listed in supplementary Table S1 and indicated here based onapproximate coordinates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183459/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">2A, 2D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C1F9469FE96CE91FED4FCAC" box="[347,372,763,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<date id="FFC333C06C1F9469FE96CE91FED4FCAC" box="[347,372,763,787]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">3I</date>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C1F9469FE4DCE90FE05FCAC" box="[384,421,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1093,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,1087,1567]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral surface of the palate in Uperodon species showing vomerine odontophores separated or fused with dermal projectionsand/or neopalatinalridgeson posterior sides ofthe choanae (indicated witharrows).A. Uperodon systoma, SDBDU 2005.2787 (female) and SDBDU 2005.2806 (male); B. Uperodon globulosus, SDBDU 2014.2673 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4762 (female); C. Uperodon taprobanicus, SDBDU 2007.6364 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4732A (male); D. Uperodon anamalaiensis, SDBDU 2013.2302 (female) and SDBDU 2002.3050 (male); E. Uperodon montanus, SDBDU 2002.24B (female) and SDBDU 2003.40115 (male); F. Uperodon mormorata, SDBDU 2011.507 (male) and SDBDU 2012.43 (male); G. Uperodon obscurus, DZ 1366 (male); H. Uperodon palmatus, DZ 1331 (male); I. Uperodon triangularis, SDBDU 2007.6400 (female) and ZSI/WGRC/V/A/959 (male); J. Uperodon variegatus, SDBDU 2005.4726 (female) and SDBDU 2005.4727 (male); K.Uperodon rohani sp. nov., DZ 1521 (male).(Images:SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183465/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">5H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C1F9469FE7DCE91FDA2FCAC" box="[432,514,763,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1229,1251]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,537,1193]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,531,1208]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Head, hand, foot and foot webbing in Uperodon obscurus, U. palmatus, U. triangularis and U.variegatus. A–D. Holotype ofUperodon obscurus(NHM58.11.28.42 ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.20, female):A. Lateralview of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E–H. Holotype of Uperodon palmatus (NHM 90.11.8.62 ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.21, female): E. Lateral view of head; F. ventral view of hand; G. ventral view of foot; H. schematic illustration of foot webbing; I–L. Lectotype of Uperodon triangularis (NHM 74.4.29.897 ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.15, male): I. Lateral view of head; J. ventral view of hand; K. ventral view of foot; L. schematic illustration of foot webbing; M. Lectotype of Uperodon variegatus (ZSI 2761, female), lateral view of head; N–P. Referred specimen of Uperodon variegatus (ZSI 4726, female): N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Illustrations: SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183475/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">10E–H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134609856C1F9469FDC3CE91FDC0FCAC" box="[526,608,763,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1093,1115]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,450,1064]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,450,1072]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 11. Uperodon palmatus, U. triangularis and U. variegatus in life. A–E. Uperodon palmatus: A. Dorsolateral view (DZ 1372, male); B. dorsolateral view (DZ 1372, male); C. ventral view (DZ 1371, male); D. dorsal view (DZ 1331, male); E. dorsolateral view (DZ 1331, male); F–K. Uperodon triangularis: F. Dorsolateral view (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/959, male); G. dorsal view (SDBDU 2015.2857, male); H. ventral view (SDBDU 2015.2857, male); I. dorsolateral view (SDBDU 2011.502, male); J. dorsolateral view (SDBDU 2012.2200, subadult male); K. dorsofrontal view (SDBDU 2012.2038, male); L–P. Uperodon variegatus: L. Dorsolateral view (not preserved); M. ventral view (SDBDU 2007.4994, male); N. dorsolateral view (not preserved); O. dorsolateral view of an albino (or possibly leucistic) form (not preserved); P. dorsolateral view (not preserved). (Images: SD Biju,Sonali Garg, N & P - Shyamal L, O - Romulus Whitaker)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183477/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">11A–E</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C1F9469FDA6CE90FD45FCAC" box="[619,741,762,787]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStart-2="TABLE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,239,1593,1616]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,239,1084,1107]" captionStartId-2="48.[119,193,547,566]" captionTargetBox-2="[135,1884,616,1625]" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Collection localities for the genetically and/or morphologically studied Uperodon samples in the present study." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Samples used for the molecular study." captionText-2="TABLE 4. Morphometric measurements of Uperodon species.All measurements are in millimetres (mm). The status of each specimen is given after the museum number:Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Lectotype (LT), Syntype (ST)." httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" tableUuid-2="DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89">Tables 1–4</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC215006C1F9469FF5ACF28FB06FC78" blockId="34.[151,1437,834,2025]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FF5ACF28FDB9FCE4" bold="true" box="[151,537,834,859]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Original name and description.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FDE8CF28FC06FCE4" authority="Parker, 1934" authorityName="Parker" authorityYear="1934" box="[549,934,834,859]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Ramanella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmata">
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FDE8CF28FCA6FCE4" box="[549,774,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ramanella palmata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C1F9469FCDCCF28FC06FCE4" author="Parker, H. W." bookContentInfo="208 pp." box="[785,934,834,859]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref38477" refString="Parker, H. W. (1934) A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 208 pp." title="A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae" type="book" year="1934">Parker, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FC78CF29FE8DFCC0" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FF5ACF0CFE8DFCC0" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[151,301,870,895]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Microhylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. London: Trustees of the British Museum: 93.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FC6FCF0CFBB6FCC0" bold="true" box="[930,1046,870,895]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Holotype.</emphasis>
|
||
NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.21), by original designation.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FDADCFE0FCA3FC1C" bold="true" box="[608,771,906,931]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
“Newera Ellya, Ceylon,
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C1F9469FBE1CFE1FB29FC1C" box="[1068,1161,906,931]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="ft" value="7000.0">7,000 ft</quantity>
|
||
” (= Nuwara-Eliya), Sri Lanka.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FF26CFC4FDC6FC78" bold="true" box="[235,614,942,967]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Current status of specific name.</emphasis>
|
||
Valid name, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FCD5CFC4FB01FC78" authority="(Parker, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[792,1185,942,967]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FCD5CFC4FC57FC78" box="[792,1015,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Uperodon palmatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C1F9469FBC8CFC4FB3AFC78" author="Parker, H. W." bookContentInfo="208 pp." box="[1029,1178,942,967]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref38477" refString="Parker, H. W. (1934) A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 208 pp." title="A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae" type="book" year="1934">Parker, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C1F9469FF0ACFB8FBF0FAA9" blockId="34.[151,1437,834,2025]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FF0ACFB8FEC1FC54" bold="true" box="[199,353,978,1003]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Comparison.</emphasis>
|
||
For comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FD81CFB8FC8EFC54" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[588,814,978,1003]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FD81CFB8FC8EFC54" box="[588,814,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Uperodon palmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FCB8CFBEFBB4FC54" box="[885,1044,978,1003]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FCB8CFBEFBB4FC54" box="[885,1044,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. globulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FBE8CFBEFB06FC54" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[1061,1190,980,1003]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="systoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FBE8CFBEFB06FC54" box="[1061,1190,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. systoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FB7ACFBEFAD0FC54" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1207,1392,978,1003]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FB7ACFBEFAD0FC54" box="[1207,1392,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. taprobanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FA4CCFBEFE99FBB0" authorityName="M Parambikulam" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anamalaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FA4CCFBEFE99FBB0" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. anamalaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FE8BCF9DFE76FBB1" box="[326,470,1015,1038]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FE8BCF9DFE76FBB1" box="[326,470,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. montanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FE29CF9DFD24FBB1" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[484,644,1015,1038]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mormorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FE29CF9DFD24FBB1" box="[484,644,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. mormorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FD5FCF9DFCA2FBB1" baseAuthorityName="Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[658,770,1015,1038]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FD5FCF9DFCA2FBB1" box="[658,770,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. nagaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FCF5CF9DFC1FFBB0" box="[824,959,1014,1039]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FCF5CF9DFC1FFBB0" box="[824,959,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
see ‘comparison’ section of those species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FF5AC877FED5FB89" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[151,373,1053,1078]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FF5AC877FED5FB89" box="[151,373,1053,1078]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Uperodon palmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FDC7C874FD12FB89" box="[522,690,1053,1078]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FDC7C874FD12FB89" box="[522,690,1053,1078]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by presence of webbing between toes, I1–
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1F9469FB5DC874FB14FB89" box="[1168,1204,1054,1078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">2II</date>
|
||
1–3–III1–
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1F9469FAD7C874FAE6FB89" box="[1306,1350,1054,1078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">3IV</date>
|
||
2 2/3–
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1F9469FAB1C874FA3BFB89" box="[1404,1435,1054,1078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">1V</date>
|
||
(vs. toes without webbing); and snout equal to eye diameter, male: EL/SL ratio 1.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FB8DC82FFBF3FBE3" box="[1088,1107,1093,1116]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4, female: EL/SL ratio 1.0,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FF5AC803FF0AFB3F" box="[151,170,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 2 (vs. longer, male: EL/SL ratio 0.6–0.9,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FD64C803FD1CFB3F" box="[681,700,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 20, female: EL/SL ratio 0.7–0.9,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FB90C803FBD0FB3F" box="[1117,1136,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C1F9469FB76C802FAB5FB3F" box="[1211,1301,1128,1153]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="48.[119,193,547,566]" captionTargetBox="[135,1884,616,1625]" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometric measurements of Uperodon species.All measurements are in millimetres (mm). The status of each specimen is given after the museum number:Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Lectotype (LT), Syntype (ST)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FAE6C802FF5EFB1A" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FAE6C802FF5EFB1A" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Uperodon palmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be confused with three other species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FCDFC8E7FC25FB1B" baseAuthorityName="Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[786,901,1165,1188]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FCDFC8E7FC25FB1B" box="[786,901,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. nagaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FC5BC8E7FBA5FB1A" authority="Garg & Senevirathne & Wijayathilaka & Phuge & Deuti & Manamendra-Arachchi & Meegaskumbura & Biju, 2018" authorityName="Garg & Senevirathne & Wijayathilaka & Phuge & Deuti & Manamendra-Arachchi & Meegaskumbura & Biju" authorityYear="2018" box="[918,1029,1164,1189]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rohani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FC5BC8E7FBA5FB1A" box="[918,1029,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. rohani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FBC2C8E6FBCBFB1A" bold="true" box="[1039,1131,1164,1189]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23A74696C1F9469FBC2C8E6FBCBFB1A" box="[1039,1131,1164,1189]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FB6AC8E7FAE3FB1B" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1191,1347,1165,1188]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FB6AC8E7FAE3FB1B" box="[1191,1347,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to presence of more extensive webbing between toes, I1–
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1F9469FCDFC8D9FC96FB74" box="[786,822,1203,1227]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">2II</date>
|
||
1–3–III1–
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1F9469FC51C8D9FC68FB74" box="[924,968,1203,1227]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">3IV</date>
|
||
2 2/3–
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1F9469FC33C8D9FBBDFB74" box="[1022,1053,1203,1227]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">1V</date>
|
||
(vs. rudimentary or absent); and ventral skin light to dark brown with distinct blotches or spots (vs. brown without prominent blotches or spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FA4CC8B1FF45FAA9" baseAuthorityName="Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FA4CC8B1FF45FAA9" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. nagaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and white without blotches or spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FD69C895FCB0FAA9" authority="Garg & Senevirathne & Wijayathilaka & Phuge & Deuti & Manamendra-Arachchi & Meegaskumbura & Biju, 2018" authorityName="Garg & Senevirathne & Wijayathilaka & Phuge & Deuti & Manamendra-Arachchi & Meegaskumbura & Biju" authorityYear="2018" box="[676,784,1277,1302]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rohani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FD69C895FCB0FAA9" box="[676,784,1277,1302]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. rohani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FCDBC897FCD0FAA9" bold="true" box="[790,880,1277,1302]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23A74696C1F9469FCDBC897FCD0FAA9" box="[790,880,1277,1302]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FC6BC895FB9FFAA9" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[934,1087,1279,1302]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FC6BC895FB9FFAA9" box="[934,1087,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C1F9469FF0AC94BFABEFA19" blockId="34.[151,1437,834,2025]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FF0AC94BFE13FA85" bold="true" box="[199,435,1313,1338]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Genetic divergence.</emphasis>
|
||
For 16S mitochondrial gene sequences, the sampled populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FB71C94BFA3CFA85" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1212,1436,1313,1338]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FB71C94BFA3CFA85" box="[1212,1436,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Uperodon palmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed an average intraspecific distance of 0.1% (range 0–0.2%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FC6CC92DFC14FAE1" box="[929,948,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4). Genetically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FB5BC92DFA83FAE1" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1174,1315,1349,1374]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FB5BC92DFA83FAE1" box="[1174,1315,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. palmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1F9469FEC8C901FE2CFA3D" box="[261,396,1385,1410]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FEC8C901FE2CFA3D" box="[261,396,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">U. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it was found to differ by an average uncorrected genetic distance of 2.4% (range 2.4–2.6%,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FEDDC9E5FE83FA19" box="[272,291,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 12). For interspecific genetic distances with all other members of the genus, see Table 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C367468B6C1F9469FF0AC9DBFE99F9AD" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C1F9469FF0AC9DBFE99F9AD" blockId="34.[151,1437,834,2025]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FF0AC9DBFE90FA75" bold="true" box="[199,304,1457,1482]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remark.</emphasis>
|
||
A short general description was published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC68F16C1F9469FCF8C9DBFC71FA75" author="Parker, H. W." bookContentInfo="208 pp." box="[821,977,1457,1482]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref38477" refString="Parker, H. W. (1934) A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 208 pp." title="A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microhylidae" type="book" year="1934">Parker (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, though without a comparison with other closely related members. Hence, a detailed description and comparison of this species with all its congeners is provided here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C367468B6C1F9468FF0ACA77FB67F84D" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C1F9468FF0ACA77FEDEFE97" blockId="34.[151,1437,834,2025]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1437,151,404]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1F9469FF0ACA77FE5CF989" bold="true" box="[199,508,1565,1590]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Redescription of holotype</emphasis>
|
||
(measurements in mm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C1F9469FCD1CA77FCD6F989" box="[796,886,1565,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Figs.
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1F9469FC90CA74FCD6F989" box="[861,886,1566,1590]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">3I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C1F9469FC49CA74FC78F989" box="[900,984,1566,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1229,1251]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,537,1193]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,531,1208]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 10. Head, hand, foot and foot webbing in Uperodon obscurus, U. palmatus, U. triangularis and U.variegatus. A–D. Holotype ofUperodon obscurus(NHM58.11.28.42 ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.20, female):A. Lateralview of head; B. ventral view of hand; C. ventral view of foot; D. schematic illustration of foot webbing; E–H. Holotype of Uperodon palmatus (NHM 90.11.8.62 ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.21, female): E. Lateral view of head; F. ventral view of hand; G. ventral view of foot; H. schematic illustration of foot webbing; I–L. Lectotype of Uperodon triangularis (NHM 74.4.29.897 ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.15, male): I. Lateral view of head; J. ventral view of hand; K. ventral view of foot; L. schematic illustration of foot webbing; M. Lectotype of Uperodon variegatus (ZSI 2761, female), lateral view of head; N–P. Referred specimen of Uperodon variegatus (ZSI 4726, female): N. ventral view of hand; O. ventral view of foot; P. schematic illustration of foot webbing. (Illustrations: SD Biju)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183475/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">10E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small-sized (SVL 34.6), slender adult female; head small (HW 11.8, HL 9.1, IFE 4.8, IBE 9.4), less than one-third (26.3%) of body length, wider than long (HW/HL ratio 1.3); snout truncate in dorsal view, truncate to rounded in ventral view, and vertical in lateral view, its length (SL 3.6) slightly longer than horizontal diameter of eye (EL 3.5); loreal region acute with rounded canthus rostralis; interorbital space twice as wide (IUE 3.8) as upper eyelid width (UEW 1.9), and internarial distance (IN 1.9); nostril much closer to tip of snout (NS 0.5) than to eye (EN 1.9); supratympanic fold distinct, extending from posterior corner of upper eyelid to insertion of forelimb at axilla; eye diameter (EL 3.5); vomerine odontophores present on the palate, without teeth; indistinct neopalatinal ridges on posterior side of each choana, appear fused with the vomerine odontophores; tongue moderately large, oval, slightly emarginate. Forelimbs (FAL 7.4) shorter than hand length (HAL 10.4); finger length formula I<II<IV<III, tips of all fingers with oval discs, moderately wide compared to finger width (FD I 1.0, FW I 0.3; FD II 1.7, FW II 0.5; FD III 1.7, FW III 0.5; FD IV 1.3, FW IV 0.5); subarticular tubercles prominent, oval, all present; two well-developed palmar tubercles. Hind limbs relatively long and thin, thigh length (TL 14.8) longer than shank (SHL 14.6), and shorter than foot (FOL 15.4); tips of all toes with small truncate to rounded discs, rather wide compared to toe width (TD I 0.8, TW I 0.4; TD II 0.8, TW II 0.5; TD III 0.9, TW III 0.5; TD IV 1.1, TW IV 0.5; TD V 0.8, TW V 0.4); foot webbing present, I1–
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1E9468FB05CCA8FB4CFF65" box="[1224,1260,194,218]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">2II</date>
|
||
1–
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1E9468FACBCCA8FA99FF65" box="[1286,1337,190,218]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">3–III</date>
|
||
1–
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1E9468FA9FCCA8FADEFF65" box="[1362,1406,194,218]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">3IV</date>
|
||
2 2/ 3–
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1E9468FF62CC83FF70FEBE" box="[175,208,233,257]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">1V</date>
|
||
; well-developed dermal fringes present on all toes; subarticular tubercles prominent, oval; two oval smooth metatarsal tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C1E9468FF0ACD59FCBBFE2B" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,404]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Skin of snout, between eyes, sides of head, anterior part of dorsum, posterior parts of back, and upper and lower parts of flank, granular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C1E9468FE3ECD3DFDE2FED0" box="[499,578,343,368]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1E9468FDE4CD3DFDE2FED0" box="[553,578,343,367]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">3I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal surfaces of forelimb, thigh, tibia and tarsus, shagreened to sparsely granular; anterior parts of thigh with spinular projections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0245886C1E9468FF5AC82FFC02FA8D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183477/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[151,250,1093,1115]" targetBox="[151,1436,450,1064]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C1E9468FF5AC82FFC02FA8D" blockId="35.[151,1437,1093,1330]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FF5AC82FFEBFFBE4" bold="true" box="[151,287,1093,1115]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1E9468FEEAC82FFE52FBE4" baseAuthorityName="Parker" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[295,498,1093,1115]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FEEAC82FFE52FBE4" box="[295,498,1093,1115]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Uperodon palmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1E9468FDCDC82DFD3AFBE4" box="[512,666,1093,1116]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FDCDC82DFD3AFBE4" box="[512,666,1093,1116]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">U. triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1E9468FD03C82DFCF9FBE3" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[718,857,1095,1116]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FD03C82DFCF9FBE3" box="[718,857,1095,1116]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">U. variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FC60C82FFC44FBE4" bold="true" box="[941,996,1093,1115]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A–E.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1E9468FC21C82FFAC2FBE4" authority=": A. Dorsolateral" authorityName="A. Dorsolateral" box="[1004,1378,1093,1115]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FC21C82FFB16FBE4" box="[1004,1206,1093,1115]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Uperodon palmatus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FB08C82FFB7EFBE4" bold="true" box="[1221,1246,1093,1115]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsolateral
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
view (DZ 1372, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FE83C80EFEC5FBC5" bold="true" box="[334,357,1124,1146]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">B.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsolateral view (DZ 1372, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FD15C80EFD51FBC5" bold="true" box="[728,753,1124,1146]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view (DZ 1371, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FBFEC80EFBEBFBC5" bold="true" box="[1075,1099,1124,1146]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view (DZ 1331, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FA49C80EFA3BFBC5" bold="true" box="[1412,1435,1124,1146]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">E.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsolateral view (DZ 1331, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FDC8C8E9FD9CFB26" bold="true" box="[517,572,1155,1177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">F–K.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1E9468FD8FC8E9FC6CFB26" authority=": F. Dorsolateral" authorityName="F. Dorsolateral" box="[578,972,1155,1177]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FD8FC8E9FC87FB26" box="[578,807,1155,1177]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Uperodon triangularis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FCF8C8E9FCE6FB26" bold="true" box="[821,838,1155,1177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsolateral
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
view (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/959, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FA8DC8E9FAF7FB26" bold="true" box="[1344,1367,1155,1177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">G.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view (SDBDU 2015.2857, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FE39C8C8FDAEFB07" bold="true" box="[500,526,1186,1208]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">H.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view (SDBDU 2015.2857, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FC73C8C8FC6EFB07" bold="true" box="[958,974,1186,1208]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">I.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsolateral view (SDBDU 2011.502, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FF5AC8AAFF0AFB69" bold="true" box="[151,170,1216,1238]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">J.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsolateral view (SDBDU 2012.2200, subadult male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FD3EC8AAFCAEFB69" bold="true" box="[755,782,1216,1238]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">K.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsofrontal view (SDBDU 2012.2038, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FB30C8AAFA8EFB69" bold="true" box="[1277,1326,1216,1238]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L–P.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1E9468FAFBC8AAFE12FB4A" authority=": L. Dorsolateral" authorityName="L. Dorsolateral" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FAFBC8AAFEA2FB4A" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Uperodon variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FED9C8B5FE8BFB4A" bold="true" box="[276,299,1247,1269]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsolateral
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
view (not preserved);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FD67C8B5FD68FB4A" bold="true" box="[682,712,1247,1269]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view (SDBDU 2007.4994, male);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FB5CC8B5FB0AFB4A" bold="true" box="[1169,1194,1247,1269]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">N.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsolateral view (not preserved);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FEC2C897FE8AFAAC" bold="true" box="[271,298,1277,1299]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">O.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsolateral view of an albino (or possibly leucistic) form (not preserved);
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FBE6C897FB9CFAAC" bold="true" box="[1067,1084,1277,1299]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsolateral view (not preserved). (Images: SD Biju, Sonali Garg, N & P - Shyamal L, O - Romulus Whitaker).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C1E9468FF0AC91FFD47F911" blockId="35.[151,1437,1397,2035]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FF0AC91FFEFFFA31" bold="true" box="[199,351,1397,1422]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FEAAC91DFDB3FA31" box="[359,531,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">In preservation</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsum reddish-brown with light brown spots, prominent light brown median band starting well behind the eye at the level of shoulders and extending up to the vent; flanks light greyish-brown; dorsal surfaces of forelimbs, thigh, shank and foot, light greyish-brown; throat reddish brown; chest light brown; belly light brown with grey spots; ventral surfaces of thigh, tibia and foot, light brown with faint grey spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C1E9468FAA2C988FF10F9A1" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,644,1728]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Preserved type specimens of Uperodon species in dorsal and ventral view. A. Uperodon systoma, Syntype, ZMB 3551 (female); B. Uperodon globulosus, Syntype, NHM 62.12.29.4 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.97) (female); C. Kaloula pulchra taprobanica, Holotype, NHM 1905.3.25.138 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.10.62) (female); D. Ramanella anamalaiensis, Neotype, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/956 (male); E. Hylaedactylus montanus, Holotype, NHM 72.4.17.212 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.19) (female); F. Ramanella mormorata, Neotype, ZSI/WGRC/V/A/958, (female); G. Ramanella nagaoi, Holotype, WHT 2826 (male); H. Callula obscura, Holotype, NHM 58.11.28.42 (ex. BMNH 1947.2.11.20) (female); I. Ramanella palmata, Holotype, NHM 90.11.8.62 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.21); J. Callula triangularis, Lectotype, NHM 74.4.29.897 (ex.BMNH 1947.2.11.15) (male); K.Hylaedactylus carnaticus, Lectotype, ZSI 2761(female); L. Uperodonrohani sp. nov., Holotype, DZ1449 (male).(Images: SD Biju and Sonali Garg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183461/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFC333C06C1E9468FF5ACA6CFF10F9A1" box="[151,176,1542,1566]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">3I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FF0ACA6FFEC0F9A1" box="[199,352,1541,1566]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Colour in life</emphasis>
|
||
(DZ 1372). Dorsum greyish-brown with irregular blackish-brown spots, prominent dark brown band starting well behind the eye at the level of shoulders and extending up to vent; lower parts of flank brown with faint greyish-white spots; dorsal surfaces of forelimb, thigh, shank and foot, greyish-brown with dark brown cross bands; throat light greyish-brown; chest greyish-brown; belly and ventral surfaces of forelimb, thigh, tibia and foot, brown with scattered greyish-white spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C1E9468FDBECAFFFD7AF911" box="[627,730,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1093,1115]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,450,1064]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,450,1072]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 11. Uperodon palmatus, U. triangularis and U. variegatus in life. A–E. Uperodon palmatus: A. Dorsolateral view (DZ 1372, male); B. dorsolateral view (DZ 1372, male); C. ventral view (DZ 1371, male); D. dorsal view (DZ 1331, male); E. dorsolateral view (DZ 1331, male); F–K. Uperodon triangularis: F. Dorsolateral view (ZSI/WGRC/V/A/959, male); G. dorsal view (SDBDU 2015.2857, male); H. ventral view (SDBDU 2015.2857, male); I. dorsolateral view (SDBDU 2011.502, male); J. dorsolateral view (SDBDU 2012.2200, subadult male); K. dorsofrontal view (SDBDU 2012.2038, male); L–P. Uperodon variegatus: L. Dorsolateral view (not preserved); M. ventral view (SDBDU 2007.4994, male); N. dorsolateral view (not preserved); O. dorsolateral view of an albino (or possibly leucistic) form (not preserved); P. dorsolateral view (not preserved). (Images: SD Biju,Sonali Garg, N & P - Shyamal L, O - Romulus Whitaker)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183477/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C1E9468FF0ACAD0FECFF8A4" blockId="35.[151,1437,1397,2035]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FF0ACAD0FEEAF96C" bold="true" box="[199,330,1722,1747]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Variations.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric measurements of six specimens, including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C6ABA26C1E9468FBDDCAD0FBD5F96C" box="[1040,1141,1722,1747]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C1E9468FADFCAD0FACAF96D" box="[1298,1386,1722,1747]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="48.[119,193,547,566]" captionTargetBox="[135,1884,616,1625]" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometric measurements of Uperodon species.All measurements are in millimetres (mm). The status of each specimen is given after the museum number:Holotype (HT), Paratype (PT), Neotype (NT), Lectotype (LT), Syntype (ST)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="DF0245886C0D947BFFBACE49F8ECFD89">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
. DZ 1331: dorsum light greyish-brown with a blackish-brown dorsal band; DZ 1371: dorsum orangish-brown with dark brown dorsal band.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C1E9468FF0ACB4FFC71F8DD" blockId="35.[151,1437,1397,2035]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FF0ACB4FFD90F882" bold="true" box="[199,560,1829,1854]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Male (DZ 1371): vocal sac externally visible on the lower jaw; female (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C6ABA26C1E9468FF52CB20FEA8F8DC" box="[159,264,1866,1891]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
): ova white, pigmented on pole (diameter 0.7–1.0 mm,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FCB9CB21FC27F8DD" box="[884,903,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC215006C1E9468FF0ACB07FB67F84D" blockId="35.[151,1437,1397,2035]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FF0ACB07FD0DF839" bold="true" box="[199,685,1901,1926]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Geographical distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D6E836C1E9468FD76CB07FC02F839" box="[699,930,1901,1926]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Uperodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909C9126C1E9468FD76CB07FC02F839" box="[699,930,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Uperodon palmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A55906C1E9468FBA9CB07FB7AF839" box="[1124,1242,1901,1926]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C1E9468FBA9CB07FB25F839" box="[1124,1157,1901,1926]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Sri</collectingRegion>
|
||
Lanka
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
with confirmed distribution only in the high elevation regions (
|
||
<quantity id="4C85B8E56C1E9468FD27CBF8FC30F815" box="[746,912,1938,1962]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1700.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1400.0">1400–2000 m</quantity>
|
||
asl) of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B9DBE26C1E9468FBF8CBF8FAA0F814" box="[1077,1280,1938,1963]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Central Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Agrapatana, Bogawantalawa, Hakgala, Horton plains, Pattipola, Nuwara-Eliya and Morey estate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134609856C1E9468FBAECBDFFB60F871" box="[1123,1216,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,196,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1595]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Geographic distribution of the genus Uperodon in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; B. Distributionof Uperodon globulosus, U. systomaand U.taprobanicus; C. Distribution of four endemic Uperodon species of the Western Ghats (excluding the widely distributed Indian member U. variegatus, shown in Fig.12A); D. Distribution of four endemic Uperdodon species of Sri Lanka. Details of localities reported in the present study are provided in Table 1. Records from literature are listed in supplementary Table S1 and indicated here based onapproximate coordinates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1183459/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FF20BB6C1E9468FB00CBDFFAFCF871" box="[1229,1372,1973,1998]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1593,1616]" captionText="TABLE 1. Collection localities for the genetically and/or morphologically studied Uperodon samples in the present study." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Tables 1, S1</tableCitation>
|
||
). See ‘Natural history and breeding’ observations in the respective section, after the species accounts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |